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Journal articles on the topic 'Tissue culture in plants'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Niazian, M., S. A. Sadat Noori, P. Galuszka, and S. M. M. Mortazavian. "Tissue culture-based Agrobacterium-mediated and in planta transformation methods." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 53, No. 4 (November 10, 2017): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/177/2016-cjgpb.

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Gene transformation can be done in direct and indirect (Agrobacterium-mediated) ways. The most efficient method of gene transformation to date is Agrobacterium-mediated method. The main problem of Agrobacterium-method is that some plant species and mutant lines are recalcitrant to regeneration. Requirements for sterile conditions for plant regeneration are another problem of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Development of genotype-independent gene transformation method is of great interest in many plants. Some tissue culture-independent Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation methods are reported in individual plants and crops. Generally, these methods are called in planta gene transformation. In planta transformation methods are free from somaclonal variation and easier, quicker, and simpler than tissue culture-based transformation methods. Vacuum infiltration, injection of Agrobacterium culture to plant tissues, pollen-tube pathway, floral dip and floral spray are the main methods of in planta transformation. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Simplicity and reliability are the primary reasons for the popularity of the in planta methods. These methods are much quicker than regular tissue culture-based Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation and success can be achieved by non-experts. In the present review, we highlight all methods of in planta transformation comparing them with regular tissue culture-based Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods and then recently successful transformations using these methods are presented.

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2

van der Linde, P. C. G. "CERTIFIED PLANTS FROM TISSUE CULTURE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 530 (September 2000): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.530.9.

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3

Lee, Michael, and R. L. Phillips. "Genomic rearrangements in maize induced by tissue culture." Genome 29, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-021.

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Chromosomal instability is a common occurrence in plant tissue cultures and has been documented in plants regenerated from several genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) tissue cultures. The objective of this research was to evaluate the frequency and types of chromosomal aberrations in regenerated plants of an Oh43–A188 genetic background, which had not been examined previously for chromosome stability in culture. Organogenic callus cultures were intitated from immature embryos of F2 plants for several Oh43 ms isoline × A188 crosses. The chromosome constitution of 267 plants was investigated through meiotic analysis of plants regenerated either 3 to 4 or 8 to 9 months after culture initiation. No abnormalities were detected in 78 plants regenerated during the first period. During the second period, however, 91 of the 189 plants were cytologically abnormal. One hundred and eight aberrations were detected and most (96%) involved changes in chromosome structure such as interchanges (42%), deficiencies (35%), and heteromorphic pairs (19%). All deficiencies were intercalary. Also, most (51%) interchanges involved chromosome 6. An association between male-sterility factors and chromosome instability was not observed. Breakpoints were primarily on chromosome arms containing large blocks of heterochromatin such as knobs. Several abnormal plants from the same culture appeared to contain identical aberrations indicating the aberrations may trace to a single event. A hypothesis for the involvement of heterochromatin in chromosome breakage during in vitro culture is supported. Key words: Zea mays L., tissue culture, somaclonal variation, chromosome breakage, heterochromatin.

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4

Seabrook, Janet E. A., and Gerald Farrell. "City Water Can Contaminate Tissue Culture Stock Plants." HortScience 28, no. 6 (June 1993): 628–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.6.628.

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Stock plants of `Shepody' and `Yukon Gold' potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) were grown in a greenhouse and irrigated with city water. Contamination rate of stem explant tissue cultures excised from these stock plants was 50% to 100%. A comparison of the microorganisms isolated from the contaminated cultures and from 0.22-μm filter disks through which 20 liters of city water had passed revealed the presence of similar bacterial floras. Five genera of bacteria (Listerium spp., Corynebacterium spp., Enterobacter spp., Pasteurella spp., and Actinobacillus spp.) were isolated from contaminated cultures and cultured filter disks. Watering greenhouse-grown stock plants with filtered city water decreased contamination of stem explant cultures 30% to 50%. Installing an ultraviolet light water-sterilizing unit at the greenhouse inlet point effectively reduced contamination.

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5

Johnson, K. "TISSUE CULTURE OF AUSTRALIAN PLANTS - A REVIEW." Acta Horticulturae, no. 447 (October 1997): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.447.102.

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6

Kunakh, V. A., D. O. Navrotska, M. O. Twardovska, and I. O. Andreev. "Peculiarities of chromosomal variability in cultured tissues of Deschampsia antarctica Desv. plants with different chromosome numbers." Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv 14, no. 1 (June 20, 2016): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.14.1.542.

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Aim. To clarify the details of chromosome variation in calli derived from D. antarctica plants in the initial passages of the culture in vitro. Methods. Induction of callus from root explants of plants, which were grown from seeds, and consequent subcultivation of tissue culture. Cytogenetic analysis of squashed slides stained by acetic-orcein and counting the number of chromosomes in mitotic metaphase plates. Results. There were analyzed the cultured tissues derived from D. antarctica plants with different chromosome numbers: diploid plants (2n=26), mixoploid plant with B-chromosomes (2n=26+1-3B), and mixoploid plant with near-triploid modal class (2n=36, 38). Analysis of callus tissues of all plants at 2-4 passages revealed mixoploidy, presence of polyploid and aneuploid cells. The modal class in all studied calli was composed of diploid and aneuploid cells with near-diploid chromosome number. The cytogenetic structure of cell population of cultured tissues was found to vary with characteristics of the karyotype of donor plant. The largest range of variation in the number of chromosomes (from 18 to 63 chromosomes) was found in tissue culture of diploid plant (2n=26) from the Galindez Island, and the highest frequencies of polyploid (47 %) and aneuploid cells were in the culture of mixoploid plant with near-triploid modal class from the Big Yalour Island. Conclusions. In different D. antarctica cultured tissues at the early stages of the culture, the modal class was composed of diploid cells and cells with near-diploid chromosome number irrespective of karyotype of donor plant (diploid, mixoploid poliploid).Key words: Deschampsia antarctica Desv., plant tissue culture, chromosomal variability in vitro, mixoploidy.

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7

Twardovska, M. O. "THE CONTENT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND FLAVONOIDS IN Deschampsia antarctica TISSUE CULTURE." Biotechnologia Acta 14, no. 2 (February 2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech14.02.059.

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Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv. tissue cultures obtained from plants originating from different islands of the maritime Antarctic. Methods. In vitro tissue culture, Folin-Ciocalteu method, spectrophotometry, HPLC analysis. Results. The quantitative content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in D. antarctica tissue cultures obtained from plants of six genotypes (DAR12, DAR13, G/D12-2a, Y66, R30 and L57) was determined. The highest content of phenolic compounds (4.46 and 3.75 mg/g) was found in tissue cultures obtained from root and leaf explants of plant genotype L57. The highest amount of flavonoids (7.17 mg/g) was accumulated in G/D12-2a tissue culture of root origin. The content of the studied biologically active compounds (BACs) did not change with increasing number of subculture generations (from passage 10 to 19). HPLC analysis showed that in D. antarctica tissue cultures, a shift in the biosynthesis of BACs occurred towards the synthesis of more polar metabolites compared to explant donor plants. Conclusions. It was found that the transition of cells to undifferentiated growth affected the content of BACs, the amount of which decreased 2–5 times simultaneously with a significant change in their profile. This provided a basis for further biochemical studies, as well as for careful selection of tissue culture of D. antarctica to use it as a potential source of BACs.

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8

Ruan, Yiqin, and Mark H. Brand. "In Vitro Responses of Tissues from Rhododendron Plants With and Without Tissue Proliferation." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 873D—873. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.873d.

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Rhododendron `Montego' shoot cultures initiated from plants with and without tissue proliferation (TP and NTP) served as explant sources for all studies (Note: in vitro TP shoot cultures produce primarily dwarf shoots, some long shoots, and stem tumors). Calli induced from TP leaves and tumors and NTP leaves were cultured on woody plant (WP) medium containing NAA and 2-iP. During the first 4 weeks of culture, calli from NTP leaves had higher relative growth rates than calli from TP leaves or tumors. However, calli from TP leaves and tumors grew faster than calli from NTP leaves for all subculture periods that followed. Shoot tips (5 mm) were excised from TP dwarf shoots, TP long shoots, and NTP shoots and were cultured on WP medium with or without 15 μM 2-iP. Shoot tips from TP dwarf and long shoots multiplied on medium without 2-iP, averaging 18.4 and 1.7 shoots per shoot tip in 12 weeks, respectively. Shoot tips from NTP shoots only multiplied when maintained on 2-iP-containing medium. When placed on 2-iP-containing medium, both types of TP shoot tips produced clusters of callus-like nodules that gave rise to highly tumorized, short shoots or leafy meristems.

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9

panigrahi, Sunitha, Dr k. Aruna Lakshmi, and Nida Mir. "Micro Propagation and Plant Strengthening of Tissue Cultured Plants, Inoculated with Several Bacterial Strains." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/aug2013/7.

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10

Baillie, A. M. R., K. K. Kartha, and B. G. Rossnagel. "Evaluation of 10 Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars for tissue culture response." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-023.

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Ten Canadian barley cultivars — Abee, Deuce, Ellice, Harrington, Manley, Bonanza, Conquest, Duke, Heartland, and Samson — were evaluated for tissue-culture response. Callus was obtained from embryos 3–5 d post anthesis from all cultivars. Fertile plants were regenerated from eight. Abee cultures gave the best response in terms of the number of plants regenerated, while Bonanza and Samson cultures produced no regenerated plants. Heartland and Deuce were selected for further study to determine optimum growth-regulator concentrations for callus production and plant regeneration. Two growth regulators — 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) — were evaluated at five concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg L−1). Maximum regeneration rates were achieved with Gamborg’s B5 medium supplemented with 2.5 mg L−1 2,4-D. Thirty-four Heartland and 19 Deuce regenerants were produced per 100 embryos cultured. Key words: Barley, growth regulators, Hordeum vulgare, regeneration, tissue culture

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11

Rhodes, C. A., R. L. Phillips, and C. E. Green. "Cytogenetic stability of aneuploid maize tissue cultures." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 3 (June 1, 1986): 374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-055.

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Monosomic maize tissue cultures might be used to select recessive mutations of cellular traits. This strategy would avoid some of the problems encountered with haploid cultures such as lack of vigor, sterility of regenerated plants, and uncontrolled diploidization. Monosomic and other aneuploid plants were selected among progeny of W22 R/r-x1 crossed with genetic stocks containing recessive markers. The r-x1 allele induces aneuploidy at a frequency of about 15%. Immature tassels of selected plants were used to initiate totipotent tissue cultures. Plants were regenerated from the cultures over a period of 3 to 17 months after culture initiation. Meiotic karyotypes of microsporocytes and pollen sterility were analyzed in regenerated plants. At least 40% of the 161 plants regenerated from aneuploid cultures had altered karyotypes. This frequency was not related to culture age. Most alterations involved chromosome breakage rather than changes in chromosome number. Types of alterations included heteromorphic pairs (18.1%), translocations (12.5%), addition (10.6%) or loss (1.4%) of chromosomes, and genomic doubling (2.8%). Four euploid cultures, including one with a translocation, were equally unstable (49% with alterations among 115 plants). Euploid cultures gave rise to plants with translocations (12.3%), heteromorphic pairs (8.8%), and genomic doubling (29.2%), but no single chromosome additions or losses. Plants that shared a common distinctive karyotype, such as a specific translocation, were probably derived from a common cell line. Tassels with sectors of two different karyotypes were frequent in plants regenerated from aneuploid (20%) or euploid (33%) cultures. Coenocytic microsporocytes, which lacked cell walls between nuclei, were found in plants from monosomic-2, deficient-2L, and monosomic-6 cultures. Another aberration (23% of 144 regenerants) was lack of cell wall formation after the first and (or) second meiotic division, which was often followed by nuclear fusion. Karyotypic changes observed in this study rarely involved the monosomic chromosome, which means that monosomic tissue cultures could be used to select recessive mutants. Further tests would be needed to demonstrate that the selected gene resides in the monosomic chromosome.Key words: Zea mays, monosomic, trisomic, chromosome, somaclonal variation, karyotype.

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12

Lee, Michael, and R. L. Phillips. "Genetic variants in progeny of regenerated maize plants." Genome 29, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-142.

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Tissue culture has been shown to be a method of generating genetic variation in regenerated plants and their progeny for several maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate the frequency and types of variants arising from maize tissue cultures, (ii) investigate the effect of culture age on the frequency of variants per regenerated plant, and (iii) estimate the frequency of sectoring among regenerated plants of an F3 from Oh43/A188 genetic background that had not been examined previously for genetic stability in culture. Organogenic callus cultures were initiated from immature F3 embryos for several Oh43ms isoline × A188 crosses. Plants were regenerated either 3 to 4 or 8 to 9 months after culture initiation. Progenies of 248 plants regenerated from 74 cultures were scored for kernel, seedling, and other sporophytic variants following one or two generations of self-pollination. The frequency of variants per regenerated plants increased from 0.5 after 3 to 4 months of culture to 1.3 after 8 to 9 months. A total of 44 variant phenotypes were observed. Defective kernels were the most frequent variant. Most variants were inherited as single-gene recessives. Segregation patterns suggested that the ear and tassel of several (40 of 80) self-pollinated, regenerated plants were genetically discordant. Key words: Zea mays L., tissue culture, somaclonal variation, chimera, qualitative variation.

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13

Briggs, B. "COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF ERICACEOUS PLANTS BY TISSUE CULTURE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 212 (September 1987): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.212.107.

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14

Zimmerman, R. H. "MICROPROPAGATION OF WOODY PLANTS: POST TISSUE CULTURE ASPECTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 227 (September 1988): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1988.227.102.

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15

Fay, Michael F., Jill Gratton, and Peter J. Atkinson. "Tissue culture of succulent plants - An annotated bibliography." Bradleya 13, no. 13 (November 1995): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25223/brad.n13.1995.a6.

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16

Florkowski, Wojciech J., Orville M. Lindstrom, Carol D. Robacker, and H. R. Simonton. "Analysis of Pricing Plants Grown in Tissue Culture." HortScience 25, no. 10 (October 1990): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.10.1306.

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17

SAITO, Kazuki. "Genetic Engineering in Tissue Culture of Medicinal Plants." Plant tissue culture letters 10, no. 1 (1993): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology1984.10.1.

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18

Scherwinski-Pereira, J. E., F. H. S. Costa, J. Camillo, D. B. Silva, R. B. N. Alves, and R. F. Vieira. "TISSUE CULTURE STORAGE OF BRAZILIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS GERMPLASM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 860 (February 2010): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2010.860.31.

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19

TOYODA, Hideyoshi. "Selection of disease resistant plants through tissue culture." Kagaku To Seibutsu 28, no. 1 (1990): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.28.12.

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20

Stephens, P. A., C. D. Nickell, and J. M. Widholm. "Agronomic evaluation of tissue-culture-derived soybean plants." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 82, no. 5 (October 1991): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00226802.

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21

von Aderkas, P., and J. M. Bonga. "Plants from haploid tissue culture of Lavix decidua." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 87, no. 1-2 (October 1993): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00223768.

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22

Müller, E., P. T. H. Brown, S. Hartke, and H. Lörz. "DNA variation in tissue-culture-derived rice plants." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 80, no. 5 (November 1990): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00224228.

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23

Benzion, Gary, and Ronald L. Phillips. "Cytogenetic stability of maize tissue cultures: a cell line pedigree analysis." Genome 30, no. 3 (June 1, 1988): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-056.

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Cytogenetic instability in maize plants regenerated from tissue culture is a commonly observed phenomenon. In an attempt to understand the origin of this instability meiotic analyses were performed on 370 regenerated plants that were initiated from cell lines of 22 immature embryos of 9 maize genotypes. Cell lineage pedigrees were maintained on these cultures to record the familial relationship between regenerated plants. Overall, 12.4% of the 370 régénérants contained cytological aberrations. The largest category of aberrations involved chromosome breakage (translocations, deletions, and an inversion) between a heterochromatic knob or knob site and the centromere. Late replicating knob heterochromatin might have been responsible for the chromosome breakage events. Cytologically identical aberrations were observed in plants regenerated at various time points in the pedigreed cultures, indicating an early occurrence of the aberration during culture maintenance. Heterogeneity of cell karyotypes also was observed within embryo cell lines. Multiple independent aberrations occurred within a single embryo cell line. The pedigree of the cultures provided evidence that the sectoring of regenerated plants was due to a multicellular origin of meristematic areas. The frequency of cytogenetically abnormal plants recovered increased with culture age. The data presented are consistent with the age effect not being due to an increased mutation rate but due to mutational events that occurred throughout culture development with a subsequent maintenance and accumulation of aberrant cells over time.Key words: Zea mays, cytogenetic stability, tissue culture, somaclonal variation.

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24

Wang, Hui, Guanyong Luo, Jiayuan Wang, Haiyan Shen, Ying Luo, Haofu Dai, and Wenli Mei. "Flavonoids Produced by Tissue Culture of Dracaena cambodiana." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 1 (January 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900113.

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Dragon's blood is a traditional medicine used in many countries of many cultures because of its various therapeutic uses, and its main bioactive compounds are flavonoids, which mainly exhibit antitumor and antimicrobial activities. In the process of tissue culture of Dracaena cambodiana, one of its resource plants, red secretion was discovered in the culture when 6-benzylaminopurine was added. Analysis of its constituents by HPLC in comparison with dragon's blood and the standards proved that 17 compounds, including 10 flavonoids, are the same as those in dragon's blood. It is promising that flavonoids from dragon's blood could be produced by tissue culture of its resource plants for the development of new drugs.

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25

Cullis, C. A., and W. Cleary. "DNA variation in flax tissue culture." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-034.

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The DNAs from leaves and callus from a series of flax genotrophs have been compared. The probes used for this comparison represent all of the highly repeated DNA sequence families in the flax genome. The abundance of most of the families could vary in culture, but the extent of variation was dependent on the genotroph. The extent of the variation observed between leaf DNA and callus DNA from a single genotroph was greater than that observed between the genotrophs in vivo. The DNAs from the progeny of a number of regenerated plants were also compared. They sometimes differed both from the callus from which the plants were regenerated and the original line from which the callus was derived. Individual progeny from a single inbred regenerated plant also differed.Key words: flax, DNA variation, somaclonal variation.

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26

Thomas, J. "Commercial Plant Tissue Culture in India—Current Status." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 757B—757. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.757b.

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In recent years, there has been an explosion in the number of commercial plant tissue culture (TC) units in India. More than 25 such companies have production capacity of two to five million plants per annum. Almost all units are export oriented, but the target crops are the same. Indoor foliage plants dominate the export market. Micropropagation industry in India is providing major support to Indian agriculture in four crop groups: Fruits, ornamentals, spices, forestry/plantation crops. Banana is the largest selling TC fruit crop. TC papaya plants are now marketed for extraction and processing of papain. TC anthuriums, orchids, and gerberas have attained commercial importance. TC rose plants are used as pot plants. Nearly 500 ha are under TC cardamom cultivation in southern India recording 20% to 30% increase in yield. Vanilla cultivation is expected to increase from the existing 50 ha to more than 400 ha in the coming years using TC plants. Sugar companies have in-house units for micropropagation of sugarcane. There is demand for bamboo and eucalyptus for selective reforestation. The TC Industry is constrained by the non-availability of international varieties, high infrastructure and electricity costs, and lack of managers with commercial experience. A shake-up is imperative, during which many of the existing TC units may not survive the year 2000.

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Dogsom, Bolormaa, and Buyanchimeg Batsukh. "Tissue culture of the monocot." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 11, no. 2 (November 24, 2014): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.225.

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PsbS is a 22-kDa protein of photosystem II involved in nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence but the mechanism is still unclear. We designed and generated transgenic rice plants with significantly reduced PsbS1 protein level using RNA interference (RNAi). Transformation confirmed by vector-specific primers and transformants were screened by RT-PCR for OsPsbS1 transcript levels and PsbS1 protein level. We could identify three PsbS1-RNAi lines. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.225 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.87-91

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Wightman, Raymond, and C. J. Luo. "From mammalian tissue engineering to 3D plant cell culture." Biochemist 38, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03804032.

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Recent advances applying mammalian tissue engineering to in vitro plant cell culture have successfully cultured single plant cells in a 3D microstructure, leading to the discovery of plant cell behaviours that were previously not envisaged. Animal and plant cells share a number of properties that rely on a hierarchical microenvironment for creating complex tissues. Both mammalian tissue engineering and 3D plant culture employ tailored scaffolds that alter a cell's behaviour from the initial culture used for seeding. For humans, these techniques are revolutionizing healthcare strategies, particularly in regenerative medicine and cancer studies. For plants, we predict applications both in fundamental research to study morphogenesis and for synthetic biology in the agri-biotech sector.

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29

Sultanbawa, Fazal, Sharad C. Phatak, and Casimir A. Jaworski. "TISSUE CULTURE OF CUPHEA GLUTINOSA CHAM. & SCHLECHT." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1137e—1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1137e.

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Caphea glutinosa is a herbaceous, low-growing annual, bearing numerous attractive purple flowers and has potential as an ornamental and as a ground cover. Plants exhibit winter hardiness in USDA plant hardiness zone 8. Tissue culture techniques were developed to obtain large numbers of uniform plants. Whole leaf explants (approximately 1.0 cm2) callused profusely in MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium containing 84 mM sucrose, 1% (w/v) Difco Bacto agar and 8.8 μM N6benzyladenine. Shoot formation from calli was observed in the same medium 4 weeks after explanting. Detached shoots were rooted (100%) in half strength MS medium and rooted shoots were transferred to Promix® in the greenhouse 2 weeks after rooting. Tissue cultured plants flowered after 60 days in the greenhouse and no phenotypic differences were observed in floral or foliar characteristics.

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30

Tisserat, Brent. "Establishing Tissue-cultured Sweetgum Plants in Soil." HortTechnology 15, no. 2 (January 2005): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.2.0308.

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Methods to enhance sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) in vitro axillary shoot formation and shoot establishment into soil are presented. Sweetgum shoots grown in an automated plant culture system (APCS) produced 400 to 500 shoots via axillary branching compared to only 40 shoots produced within Magenta vessels containing agar medium after 8 weeks of incubation. Vitrification was observed in as many as 80% of the axillary shoots produced in the APCS. A continuous carbon dioxide (CO2)-flow-through system was tested on both vitrified and non-vitrified sweetgum shoots transferred from the APCS to soil. One- and two-cm-long vitrified shoots were grown within CO2-flow-through system chambers and subjected to 350, 1500, 3000, 10,000, or 30,000 μL·L–1 (ppm) CO2 for 4 weeks. Administering 10,000 μL·L–1 CO2 improved culture survival and enhanced overall shoot and root growth compared to shoots grown under ambient atmosphere (i.e., 350 μL·L–1 CO2).

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31

AboEl-Nil, M. M. "TISSUE CULTURE OF NATIVE PLANTS IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 447 (October 1997): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1997.447.101.

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32

Tóth, E. T., T. Onisei, D. Amariei, and D. Lazurca. "VARIABILITY IN TISSUE CULTURE REGENERATED PLANTS OF ATROPA BELLADONNA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 289 (April 1991): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1991.289.74.

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33

M. Al- Hamdani, Kasim. "FORMATION OF Tagetes patula L. PLANTS BY TISSUE CULTURE." Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 35, no. 2 (June 28, 2007): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/magrj.2007.26486.

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34

Freytag, A. H., A. P. Rao-Arelli, S. C. Anand, J. A. Wrather, and L. D. Owens. "Somaclonal variation in soybean plants regenerated from tissue culture." Plant Cell Reports 8, no. 4 (1989): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00778531.

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ZHANG, Yi, and Michael PALMGREN. "Gene-editing in plants no longer requires tissue culture." Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 7, no. 2 (2020): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-fase-2020330.

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Kaeppler, S. M., and R. L. Phillips. "DNA methylation and tissue culture-induced variation in plants." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 29, no. 3 (July 1993): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02632283.

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37

Lee, Chiwon W., Joel T. Nichols, Lijuan Wang, and Shanqiang Ke. "Plant Regeneration in Coreopsis lanceolata L. from Leaf Tissue Cultures." HortScience 29, no. 11 (November 1994): 1353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.11.1353.

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Excised leaf sections of lance coreopsis cultured on Murashige Skoog (MS) medium produced adventitious shoots in response to BA. When the combinations of 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 μm NAA with 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 μm BA were tested, shoots were induced by any of the four BA concentrations used in the medium, regardless of the presence of NAA. The average number of shoots formed per leaf section ranged from 1.4 to 4.3 seven weeks after culture initiation. Roots were induced at the base of individual shoots on the same regeneration medium when cultures were kept longer than 7 weeks. The rooted plants were transferred successfully into soil. The regenerated plants had the same growth and flowering characteristics as the seed-grown plants. Chemical names used: benzyladenine (BA); naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

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Johnston, M., I. C. Onwueme, A. J. Dowling, and B. C. Rodoni. "Comparison of suckering, leaf and corm characteristics of taro grown from tissue culture and conventional planting material." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 4 (1997): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96059.

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Summary. The growth of taro plants propagated either from tissue culture plantlets or conventionally using huli (sections of corm containing the shoot apex) was followed throughout a season. The plants grown from huli began suckering 11 weeks after planting and produced an average of 5 suckers per plant. During most of the season, the huli-grown plants maintained 4–5 leaves at any one time, but had a high turnover of leaves producing 25 leaves during the 30 week period (0.8 leaves per week). At harvest the corms of the suckers contributed about one-third of the total corm weight to the entire huli stand. Plants grown from tissue culture exhibited earlier suckering (starting 8 weeks after planting) and a more profuse suckering, producing an average of about 8 suckers per plant. The tissue culture plants had a similar number and turnover of leaves on the main plant as the huli plants. However, due to the early and more profuse suckering of the tissue culture plants, the suckers contributed more to the leaf area, leaf number and yield of the entire stand than the huli suckers. The tissue culture main plants had a decreased leaf area, leaf size and shorter petiole length than the huli plants. The total corm yield of the huli and tissue culture entire stand was similar. However, the main corm of the tissue culture plants was smaller as the suckers contributed over 50% to the total corm weight of the entire stand in tissue culture plants.

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39

Keith, Virginia M., and Mark H. Brand. "INFLUENCE OF CULTURE AGE, CYTOKININ LEVEL IN CULTURE, AND “RETIPPING” ON GROWTH AND THE INCIDENCE OF VARIATION IN TISSUE-CULTURED RHODODENDRONS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 585a—585. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.585a.

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Significant occurrences of phenotypic variation have been noted in micropropagated Rhododendron. Studies were undertaken to determine what aspects of micropropagation lead to variation. Rhododendron `Molly Fordham' was used to evaluate growth parameters and the incidence of variation in plants that originated from 3 month and 54 month old cultures. Plants from 3-month-old cultures were significantly wider than plants from 54-month-old cultures. Rhododendron `Aglo', `Molly Fordham', and `Scintillation' were used to evaluate growth and the incidence of variation in plants grown from microcutting bases and rerooted microcutting tips (retips). Three-month-old retips were significantly taller and wider than bases of the same age, but possessed fewer branches. The influence of in vitro N6-[2-isopentenyl]adenine (2-iP) concentration on the growth and phenotype of regenerated plants of `Aglo', `Molly Fordham', and `Scintillation' was examined. Data taken 3 months post-acclimation indicate that growth and the incidence of variation in response to 2-iP concentration is cultivar dependent.

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Ikeda, Takashi, Kunio Okano, Yuka Sakamoto, and Shin-ichi Watanabe. "275 Water Relations of Fruit Cracking in Single-truss Tomato Plants." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 489E—489. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.489e.

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This study was undertaken to investigate the water relations of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit cracking for single-truss tomato plants. The tomato plants were cultured on a closed hydroponic system in greenhouse. Water status of culture solution and plant tissues was measured with psychrometers. Water potential of the culture solution for the stressed plant was changed from -0.06 MPa (control plants) to -0.36 MPa at 24 days after anthesis. Hardness of the fruit skin was not different significantly between the stressed plants and the control plants. Fruit cracking occurred frequently in the control plants, but not in the stressed plants. Water potential gradient between the tissue of fruit flesh and water source for the control plants was bigger than that of the stressed plants. Turgors were increased at the tissues of fruit flesh and fruit skin at the control plants between predawn and morning but not at the stressed plants. These results indicated that the water potential gradient and the increased turgor in these tissues might be a trigger for the occurrence of fruit cracking on single-truss tomato plants.

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Twardovska, M. O., I. I. Konvalyuk, K. V. Lystvan, I. O. Andreev, and V. A. Kunakh. "The content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in in vitro plants and tissue culture of Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 26 (September 1, 2020): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v26.1279.

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Aim. The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in in vitro plants, regenerated plants, plants grown in a growth chamber, and tissue culture of several genotypes of Deschampsia antarctica. Methods. In vitro culture, Folin-Ciocalteu method, spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography. Results. The total content of phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content was determined in the samples of three D. antarctica genotypes: G/D12-2a (2n=26), DAR12 (2n=26+0–3B) and Y66 (2n=36–39). The content of these biologically active compounds was the highest in in vitro plants and it was higher than in plants grown in a growth chamber. The highest content of BAC was found in DAR12 in vitro plants (16.50 mg of ferulic acid equivalent and 21.26 mg of rutin equivalent per g of dry weight, respectively). The regenerated plants did not differ significantly in the content of BAC from the original in vitro plants. In tissue culture, the content of BAC was lesser. One- and two-year-old tissue cultures did not differ significantly in the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Conclusions. The relatively high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in in vitro plants and in regenerated plants indicates that in vitro cultivated D. antarctica plants can be a promising raw material for production of valuable BACs. Keywords: Deschampsia antarctica E. Desv., in vitro plants, plant tissue culture, phenolic compounds, flavonoids.

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R, Chitra. "Comparative studies on growth and Yield of Conventional and Tissue culture plants of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) var. CO2." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.2019.v14i02.013.

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Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an ancient spice, native of India and South East Asia used from antiquity as spice and a dye. It is commonly propagated through rhizomes. The availability of disease free quality planting material is scarce during the cropping season (June – September). An experiment was conducted to study the performance of in vitro derived turmeric plants with conventional rhizome under field condition. The results indicated that the tissue culture plants showed better performance over the conventional rhizome planting. Tissue culture plants grew vigorously and taller than conventional type. The highest yield potential was observed in tissue cultureplants (40.83 tons/ha) as compared to the conventional rhizome planting (30.14 tons/ha). The rhizome rot incidence was lower (3.87% ) in tissue culture plants than rhizome-derived plants (25.58% ). However, the agronomic traits observed during the present study in tissue culture plants are stable and rhizome harvested from tissue culture plants can be used as disease free planting materials for further planting.

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Whelan, Ernest D. P. "Meiotic abnormalities in primary regenerants from callus culture of immature embryos of 'Norstar' winter wheat." Genome 33, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-040.

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Tissue culture can induce changes in chromosome structure and number in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The type and frequency of such changes were evaluated in primary regenerants extracted from calli of four immature embryos of 'Norstar' winter wheat cultured for various durations. Meiotic analyses of samples from 18 or 19 primary regenerants from a single embryo cultured for 6, 10, or 14 weeks detected chromosomal changes in 17–20% of the samples. Analyses of 20 duplicate samples from these plants indicated that 7 (35%) plants were chimeras. Similar analyses for nine duplicate samples from plants extracted from an embryo cultured for 18 weeks failed to detect any chimeras, but meiotic abnormalities were much more frequent, with about one-half of the 46 plants sampled showing chromosomal structural changes; translocations were the most common abnormality. Plants regenerated from this embryo also were characterized by an abnormal chromosome, believed to contain a deletion, that was not considered to have been induced by tissue culture.Key words: tissue culture, meiotic abnormalities, Triticum aestivum, aneuploidy, translocations, chimeras.

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Teixeira Da Silva, Jaime A. "Novel Factors Affecting Shoot Culture of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × Grandiflora)." Botanica Lithuanica 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2014-0004.

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Abstract Teixeira da Silva J.A., 2014: Novel factors affecting shoot culture of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflora) [Alternatyvių standiklių, skystų terpės priedų, CO2 sodrinimo ir kitų faktorių įtaka chrizantemų (Dendranthema × grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura) ūglių kultūrų auginimui]. - Bot. Lith., 20(1): 27-40. Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura) continues to be one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. Although the tissue culture of chrysanthemum has been widely explored, several unexplored topics remain, and, in developing countries, there is always the constant search for reducing the cost of raising tissue cultured plants. In this study, by focusing on a leading market cultivar in Japan, ‘Shuhouno- chikara’, alternatives to agar (as the gelling agent) and sucrose (as the carbon source) for chrysanthemum tissue culture were sought. Both Gellan gum and agar resulted in greater shoot and root production than all other gelling agents tested, including Bacto agar, phytagel, oatmeal agar, potato dextrose agar, barley starch and corn starch. All of the alternative liquid-based medium additives tested (low and full fat milk, Coca-cola ®, coffee, Japanese green, Oolong and Darjeeling teas) negatively impacted plant growth, stunted roots and decreased chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of leaves. There was no difference between plants grown on medium with refined sucrose or table sugar, although poor growth was observed when stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) extract was used. Photoautotrophic micropropagation increased significantly the shoot mass relative to control plants, even when the density of plants was doubled. Aeration improved plantlet growth. The tetrazolium test was a simple, but effective essay to see the intensity and strength of root growth in different basal media. MDH activity decreased in the root+shoot extract of plants grown on most alternative media, but remained high on TCSGM (Teixeira’s chrysanthemum shoot growth medium), Gellan gum, aerated and CO2-enriched cultures. A similar trend was observed for deaminating GDH, while an opposite trend was observed for aminating GDH activity. These experiments indicate that tissue culture research for chrysanthemum still provides a rich field for exploration with interesting and valuable results

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Linderman, Robert G., and E. Anne Davis. "Evaluation of Phytophthora ramorum in Nursery Crop Tissue Culture Propagation." Plant Health Progress 8, no. 1 (January 2007): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2007-0822-01-rs.

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Phytophthora ramorum, cause of Ramorum blight on numerous woody ornamental shrubs, is a regulated pathogen in the US and internationally. Currently, nurseries are inspected to detect infected plants; however, many plants are propagated by tissue culture nurseries and the behavior of P. ramorum in this system is unknown. Pathogen growth and sporulation in propagation vessels containing different multiplication and rooting media, with a range of plants and without plants, was evaluated with regard to pathogen visibility and induction of disease symptoms. Within 2 weeks, the pathogen colonies were visible to the naked eye on all 26 multiplication media and on 9 of 11 rooting media tested (without plants). The appearance of colonies on different media was variable and no sporangia but occasional chlamydospores were produced. The pathogen growth was very visible on multiplication media containing susceptible plants, inoculated plants exhibiting obvious discoloration and mortality. The pathogen was reisolated from terminal shoot tissue and roots of symptomatic plants. Variability occurred in susceptibility of different cultivars of a plant species, in virulence of the two isolates of the pathogen, and in recovery from shoot tissue. We conclude that fungal growth on the media, with or without plants, and symptoms of disease were apparent enough that contaminated vessels would be destroyed. Accepted for publication 9 April 2007. Published 22 August 2007.

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Smeda, Reid J., and Stephen C. Weller. "Plant Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques for Weed Science Research." Weed Science 39, no. 3 (September 1991): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500073288.

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Tissue and cell culture offer weed scientists many opportunities to research herbicide effects on plants. This review will discuss examples in which plant cells grown in vitro have been used to study herbicide action. Plant cell and tissue culture have many advantages over the use of whole plants; however, several disadvantages that exist are discussed. Cell cultures can be established for most plant species and provide a relatively homogeneous system for studying herbicide action. Responses of plant cells to herbicides are usually correlated with responses at the whole plant level, and cells have the advantage of posing fewer physical barriers to herbicide uptake and translocation. Cell culture techniques discussed include: screening candidate herbicide compounds; investigating herbicide efficacy, mechanism of action, metabolism, and uptake; and ascertaining mechanisms of herbicide resistance, selecting for resistance, and regenerating crops.

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Luckett, DJ, D. Rose, and E. Knights. "Paucity of somaclonal variation from immature embryo culture of barley." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 6 (1989): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9891155.

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Intact immature embryos of barley (cv. Golden Promise) and component tissues (the scutellum and embryonic axis) were cultured to produce callus. Regenerant plants were obtained from this callus and SC2 families raised. These families were examined in a field trial to search for somaclonal variation. No obvious variants were found confirming our previous unpublished results. The lack of somaclonal variation generated by barley tissue culture (which is in contrast to other species) was not a result of the tissue origin of the regeneration event.

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Khuspe, S. S., P. K. Gupta, D. K. Kulkarni, Urmil Mehta, and A. F. Mascarenhas. "Increased biomass production by tissue culture of eucalyptus." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 1361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-210.

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Buds collected from elite fast-growing eucalyptus trees were multiplied by tissue culture. In this study, the seed (control) and the tissue culture raised plants of Eucalyptustereticornis and E. torelliana were planted in the field at two population densities. Observations of the height and diameter were taken for biomass calculation. Thirty-four months after planting, there was an overall increase in biomass of the tissue culture raised plants of both species compared with the controls. In E. tereticornis and E. torelliana, the increase in biomass was 36.9 and 49.5%, respectively, over the controls with a 2 × 2 m spacing.

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Mohamed, Fouad, Harry Jan Swartz, and George Buta. "TISSUE CULTURE PRODUCED STRAWBERRY PLANTS ARE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISIC ACID (ABA)." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1138b—1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1138b.

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In previous abstracts (HortScience 23:707;24:121), ABA when added throughout the in vitro production cycle, reversed the tissue culture-induced rejuvenation of the day neutral strawberry `Fern'. Compared to benzyl adenine (BA) proliferated plants, ABA treated tissue culture-produced plants flowered earlier and had more adult leaf patterns. In the present study, we analysed endogenous ABA concentrations in the apices and unexpanded leaves of BA treated tissue culture-propagated plants, selved seedlings and propagated adult runner tip plants at 3, 7 and 15 weeks ex vitro, after germination or after runner tip propagation. Using pentadeuterated standards and single ion monitoring, ABA concentrations in tissue culture produced and juvenile seedling plants were significantly lower than adult plants at 3 and 7 weeks. By 7 weeks, only the adult plants were flowering. At 15 weeks, no differences in ABA concentration were significant and all three types flowered.

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Brown, P. T. H. "DNA methylation in plants and its role in tissue culture." Genome 31, no. 2 (January 15, 1989): 717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-130.

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Regeneration of plants via tissue culture often results in a number of plants subsequently showing phenotypic or genotypic deviations from the parental type. This variation has been called somaclonal variation. In an analysis of regenerated Zea mays plants of the inbred line A188, high levels of phenotypic variation were observed. Subsequent analysis of these regenerated plants shows that a high proportion of the regenerants demonstrate significant alterations in the methylation status of both housekeeping and structural genes. These results are described and the theory of gene methylation is reviewed with regard to the differences that exist between plant and animal systems.Key words: 5-methylcytosine, 5-azacytidine, tissue culture, cereals, somaclonal variation.

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