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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tissus foetal

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Academic literature on the topic 'Tissus foetal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tissus foetal"

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BONNET, M., I. LOUVEAU, I. CASSAR-MALEK, L. LEFAUCHEUR, and P. Y. RESCAN. "Comprendre le développement des muscles et des tissus adipeux : un préalable pour maîtriser les qualités des carcasses et des produits des animaux d’élevage." INRA Productions Animales 28, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2015.28.2.3021.

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Les qualités des carcasses et des viandes/chairs des espèces d’intérêt agronomique (mammifères, espèces aviaires et poissons) dépendent en grande partie des caractéristiques et des proportions relatives des différents compartiments tissulaires, principalement les fibres et le tissu conjonctif musculaires et les tissus adipeux. Dans cette revue, nous décrivons la mise en place de ces trois compartiments au cours du développement embryonnaire et foetal, ainsi que leur croissance après la naissance ou l’éclosion. Les fibres musculaires et le tissu conjonctif des muscles du tronc sont issus de domaines embryonnaires distincts de ceux à l’origine des muscles des membres et de la tête. L’origine embryonnaire des adipocytes blancs reste à établir, mais est vraisemblablement multiple et dépendante de la localisation anatomique des tissus adipeux. La croissance post-embryonnaire des muscles et des tissus adipeux implique la prolifération puis la différenciation de cellules progénitrices non-embryonnaires. Le nombre total de fibres musculaires est fixé aux deux tiers ou aux quatre cinquièmes de la gestation chez le bovin et le porc respectivement, et dès la naissance chez les volailles alors qu’il augmente encore après l’éclosion chez certains poissons. Le nombre d’adipocytes augmente durant la croissance foetale et dans une moindre mesure après la naissance. Des interactions entre tissus au cours de la croissance, auparavant suggérées, sont maintenant démontrées par l’identification de protéines sécrétées par les cellules musculaires et adipeuses qui participent au dialogue entre tissus.

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Meek, Jennifer, and Eileen D. Adamson. "Transferrin in foetal and adult mouse tissues: synthesis, storage and secretion." Development 86, no. 1 (April 1, 1985): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.86.1.205.

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Transferrin is an important growth-promoting serum glycoprotein synthesized chiefly in the liver in adults. The transferrin found in the mouse foetus is thought to be wholly a product of the foetus itself and its synthesis starts at least as early as the 7th day of gestation. The major sites of synthesis in mouse foetuses are the visceral yolk sac (VYS) and liver (Adamson, 1982). We now report that other murine foetal tissues synthesize readily detectable amounts, namely lung, spleen, spinal cord and rib cage. Very low levels are also synthesized by the brain, muscle and pancreas. We can detect no synthesis of transferrin in late foetal thymus, heart or skin although mid-gestation foetal skin may make a very small amount. No synthesis of transferrin can be detected in adult brain, lung and spleen, but approximately equal rates of synthesis are detected in adult liver and adult ear pinna. Transferrin is accumulated by foetal and adult tissues in widely varying amounts and these have been measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of extracts. In addition to VYS and liver, high levels of transferrin are found in foetal skin, lung and rib cage with lower amounts in spinal cord, spleen and muscle tissues. Tissues of the 15th day foetus accumulate the highest concentrations of transferrin. A role for the mediation of transferrin in the stimulation of growth and differentiation by interacting tissues is discussed.

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Adam, C. L., I. McDonald, C. E. Moir, and R. I. Smart. "Foetal development in red deer (cervus elaphus) 2. Chemical composition of the foetus and associated tissues." Animal Science 46, no. 1 (February 1988): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100003202.

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ABSTRACTThe concentrations of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), fat and ash were determined for 18 singleton red deer foetuses of known gestational ages within the range 72 to 224 days (term = 233 days) and for their associated placentae and empty uteri. In addition, concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K were determined for the foetuses. The amniotic and allantoic fluids were analysed for DM, CP and ash content.Concentrations of all measured components in the foetal fluids increased with foetal age (except for amniotic ash concentration which decreased) and linear regressions were fitted. Concentrations in the empty uterus remained constant. Given the equations previously fitted relating the weight of these tissues t o foetal age, the weights of their chemical constituents could then be calculated at various stages.Concentrations of all measured components in the foetus increased with foetal age (except for foetal K which remained constant). In the placenta, concentrations of DM and CP tended to increase while those of fat and ash decreased. The actual weights of the chemical constituents were related to both foetal age and foetal weight by further regression analysis in the form of extended Gompertz equations.Estimates are made of the daily rates of accretion of chemical components in the foetus and adnexa and these provide data against which to assess the additional nutrient demands of pregnancy in the red deer hind.

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AUROUSSEAU, B., D. DURAND, and D. GRUFFAT. "Contrôle des phénomènes oxydatifs pendant la gestation chez les monogastriques et les ruminants." INRAE Productions Animales 17, no. 5 (October 5, 2004): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2004.17.5.3607.

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Chez les mammifères, les phénomènes radicalaires sont impliqués dans la multiplication, la différenciation, la croissance et le fonctionnement des différents types de cellules. Ils jouent un rôle très important pendant la gestation. L’intensité du métabolisme utéro-placentaire et embryonnaire, favorisée par la sécrétion des oestrogènes, stimule en effet la production de radicaux libres oxygénés à différents niveaux de la cellule (notamment dans les mitochondries). Ceux-ci interviennent dans la fusion des membranes, permettant la nidation de l’oeuf fécondé et le remodelage des tissus utérins, placentaires et embryonnaires, la mise en place des vaisseaux sanguins propres à la gestation, la mise en place des cotylédons et la perméabilisation des membranes qui autorise l’afflux intense de nutriments en direction du foetus. Un déséquilibre entre la production des radicaux libres oxygénés et leur élimination (stress oxydant) peut conduire à l’altération de l’organisme de la mère et de l’embryon. Pour éviter un tel cas de figure, la femelle reproductrice puise dans ses réserves de vitamines et de minéraux. Une partie des vitamines est détruite lorsqu’elles participent à l’élimination des radicaux libres et une partie des minéraux est perdue lorsque les enzymes auxquelles ils servent de cofacteur sont inactivées par les radicaux libres. Les besoins des femelles reproductrices sont donc accrus. L’adaptation des apports alimentaires doit tenir compte, en plus de cet accroissement des besoins propre à la gestation, des augmentations occasionnées par l’exposition des animaux à de nombreux stress, notamment ceux causés par les facteurs climatiques. Des séquences climatiques défavorables exercent, en particulier, des effets négatifs sur la teneur en cobalt des fourrages, et en conséquence, diminuent la synthèse dans le rumen des deux vitamines B12 et B9 (acide folique) qui jouent un rôle critique pour le fonctionnement de l’organisme maternel, pour le développement foetal et pour le déroulement de la gestation. L’élargissement des connaissances sur ces aspects peu explorés est nécessaire à la promotion d’une agriculture durable.

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Tewe, O. Q., and J. H. Maner. "INFLUENCE OF DIETARY INORGANIC CYANIDE (KCN) ON PLACENTAL THIOCYANATE TRANSFER, TISSUE RIIODANESE ACTIVITY AND PERFORMANCE OF RATS DURING GESTATION." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v9i1.2282.

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Thirty two bred rats were allotted to two diets to investigate the influence of non-addition or addition of 1000 ppm KCN to cassava — soybean diets on thiocyanate concentrations, tissue rhodanese activity and performance parameters. KCN caused a non-significant (P>0.05) depression in body weight gain but had no effect on weights of liver, kidney and placenta, nor on number and weight of 19 day old foetus. High (1000 ppm) KCN level caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in urinary thiocyanate excretion of thiocyanate. It however had no marked effect on serum protein bound 'iodine, ammiotic fluid thiocyanitte, rhodanese activity of foetal and material tissues nor on foetal thiocyanate concentration.

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Werkman, M., J. A. Rooke, K. McIlvaney, C. M. Dwyer, and C. J. Ashworth. "Effects of mild early-and mid-pregnancy under-nutrition on foetal and placental development in Scottish Blackface and Suffolk sheep." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200029124.

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Nutrient intake during pregnancy affects foetal development and placental function in a range of species, often with long-term effects on offspring viability. Maternal nutrient supply is believed to affect the ability of the placenta to deliver nutrients to the foetus (Fowden et al., 2006). In ruminant species, the majority of placental nutrient transport occurs in specialised structures called placentomes, which are categorised into 4 types (A-D) based on their morphological appearance. In type A placentomes, maternal tissue surrounds foetal tissues, whereas type D placentomes are typically everted and have a higher ratio of foetal:maternal tissue. It has been suggested that the distribution of placentome types may reflect the ability of the placenta to deliver nutrients (Vonnahme et al., 2006). This study tested the hypothesis that levels of under-nutrition typically encountered by hill ewes during pregnancy would alter the distribution of placentome types and that the relationship between ewe nutrition and placentome type would differ between breeds selected for lean tissue growth (such as the Suffolk) compared to less selected breeds (such as the Scottish Blackface).

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Wojtasiak, Natalia, Tomasz Stankiewicz, and Jan Udała. "Ultrasound examination of pregnancy in the domestic goat (Capra hircus) ‒ a review." Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2019.

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Ultrasonography (USG) for embryo-foetal foetometry is widely used in the management of goat breeding. Tissues and organs of the embryo/foetus are measured and evaluated to assess gestational age. Transrectal, transabdominal and transvaginal probes are used to perform the ultrasound examination. Technological advances, especially with regard to ultrasound image resolution, enable precise visualization of embryo-foetal structures in goats. The article reviews the foetometric measurements used in ultrasound examination of pregnancy in goats. Performing this examination during specific periods of gestation enables effective monitoring of embryonic and foetal growth and development. In addition to measurements of embryo-foetal structures, measurements of foetal-maternal structures such as the placentomes and umbilical cord are important as well. The role of ultrasound in monitoring goat pregnancy, both normal and pathological, was also emphasized.

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Reynolds, L. P., C. L. Ferrell, Debra A. Robertson, and S. P. Ford. "Metabolism of the gravid uterus, foetus and utero-placenta at several stages of gestation in cows." Journal of Agricultural Science 106, no. 3 (June 1986): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600063309.

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SummaryTo quantify changes in rates of metabolism and nutrient uptake of gravid uteiine, foetal and utero-placental tissues throughout gestation, mature Hereford cows received surgery at 132 ± 0·6 (n = 12), 176 ± 0·5 (n = 8), 220 ±0·4 (n = 11) and 245 ±1·5 (n = 7) days after mating. Indwelling catheters were implanted into a uterine artery and vein of all cows. Foetal catheters also were implanted into an umbilical vein and foetal femoral artery and vein (days 176 and 220) or into a placental artery and two placental veins (days 132 and 245). Approximately 5 days after surgery, deuterium oxide was infused into a foetal femoral venous or placental venous catheter during a 3 h period to quantify uterine and umbilical blood flows by steady-state diffusion methods. Oxygen, glucose, lactate and α-amino acid nitrogen concentrations were determined for uterine and foetal blood samples collected during this procedure.Uterine blood flow increased 4·5-fold (2·92–13·181/min) and umbilical blood flow increased 21-fold (0·28–5·861–min) during the interval of gestation studied. The relative rate of increase of umbilical blood flow was about twice as great as that of uterine blood flow. Uterine arterial and umbilical venous concentrations as well as uterine arterial-venous and umbilical venous-arterial concentration differences in metabolites changed little with stage of gestation. However, because rates of blood flow increased, uptakes of O2, glucose and α-amino N by the gravid uterus and foetus increased as gestation advanced. The proportion of gravid uterine uptakes utilized by the foetus increased from day 137 to 226 for O2 (24–58%) and from day 137 to 180 for glucose (4–19%), then remained relatively constant. The proportion of gravid uterine α-amino N uptake utilized by the foetus remained relatively constant and averaged 60%. A net secretion of lactate from the utero-placenta to the uterine and foetal circulations was observed and increased as gestation advanced. These data indicate that increased rates of uptake or secretion of metabolites by tissues of the gravid uterus can be explained primarily by increased rates of uterine and umbilical blood flows.

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Grinspon, Romina P., and Rodolfo A. Rey. "Molecular Characterization of XX Maleness." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 23 (December 3, 2019): 6089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236089.

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Androgens and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), secreted by the foetal testis, are responsible for the development of male reproductive organs and the regression of female anlagen. Virilization of the reproductive tract in association with the absence of Müllerian derivatives in the XX foetus implies the existence of testicular tissue, which can occur in the presence or absence of SRY. Recent advancement in the knowledge of the opposing gene cascades driving to the differentiation of the gonadal ridge into testes or ovaries during early foetal development has provided insight into the molecular explanation of XX maleness.

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Varma, Santosh K., and Eric Bloch. "Effects of prenatal administration of mestranol and two progestins on testosterone synthesis and reproductive tract development in male rats." Acta Endocrinologica 116, no. 2 (October 1987): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1160193.

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Abstract. The oestrogen mestranol (0, 0.01, 0.1 mg/kg body weight per day) and the progestins medroxyprogesterone-acetate and norethisterone (0, 2, 20 mg/kg body weight per day each) in sesame oil were intubated intragastrically daily during gestational days 14.5 through 19.5 to pregnant rats. Males were studied as 20.5-day-old foetuses and 4-month-old adults for serum testosterone and LH concentrations, in vitro testosterone synthesis, anogenital distance (foetuses only) and testes, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights. Administration of 0.1 mg mestranol decreased by 35 to 70% basal and LH-stimulated testosterone synthesis by both foetal and adult testes in vitro (P < 0.01). Foetal body weights (P < 0.05), but not anogenital distances, were significantly decreased. Testosterone content in adult sera was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) to less than 50% of control. Testes, ventral prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymal weights were unaffected by treatment. Medroxyprogesterone acetate or norethisterone administration did not alter testes endocrine function in foetal or adult offspring. In a small number of rats, pregnant for 10.5, 14.5 or 18.5 days, [3H]ethinyloestradiol was intubated and foetal and placental tissue examined for appearance and content of radioactivity. Radioactivity was detected in 10.5, 14.5 and 18.5 days old placentas, and 14.5 and 18.5 days old foetal liver, gonads and external genitalia. With [3H]medroxyprogesterone acetate, radioactivity was localized in 14.5 day placenta and foetal tissues. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis showed most of the activity to migrate as authentic ethinyloestradiol or medroxyprogesterone acetate. The results demonstrate inhibition of testicular testosterone synthesis by mestranol, presumably by being transferred across the placenta and acting in the foetus. The diminished activity of adult testes indicates a permanent effect of in utero mestranol exposure on testes function.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tissus foetal"

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Golfier, François. "Greffe in utero de cellules souches hématopoïétiques foetales humaines : purification de cellules CD34+/++ de foie foetal et de moëlle osseuse foetale." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T007.

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CATAJAR, CATIL NATHALIE. "Reflexions medico-legales et ethiques sur l'utilisation des tissus foetaux dans le cadre des greffes." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M318.

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Deleo, Domenica. "Structure and function of the insulin receptor: its role during lactation and foetal development." Curtin University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, 1994. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14833.

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Prior to the commencement of this study in 1990, a number of reports had appeared in the literature describing the importance of insulin action during lactation in mammals (see Chapter 1). These studies investigated the changes in circulating insulin and glucagon concentrations during lactation, the relative numbers of insulin receptors in insulin-sensitive tissues, and glucose utilisation by these tissues. However, at that time, no information was available on the structure of the mammary insulin receptor. The rationale for undertaking this study was to characterise the structure of the rat mammary insulin receptor as a means of furthering our understanding of the role insulin plays during lactation.An initial requirement of this study was the development of a method for the convenient and inexpensive preparation of A14-tyrosyl[125I]iodoinsulin. A14-tyrosyl[125I]iodoinsulin displays binding characteristics which are virtually indistinguishable from the native hormone, which is a necessary requirement for tracers which are to be used in binding studies. In Chapter 2, I describe a method for the purification of A14-tyrosyl[125I]iodoinsulin from a mixture of iodinated insulin molecules which are produced following oxidation by chloramine-T in the presence of Na125iodine. In this method I employed disposable cartridges packed with a C18 support matrix to which the iodinated insulin molecules are readily adsorbed when in an aqueous solution.A 14-tyrosyl[125I]iodoinsulin absorbed most strongly to the C18 matrix and unwanted products were removed through a sequence of washes prior to the elution of the A14-tyrosyl[125I]iodoinsulin derivative using a buffer containing 50% (v/v) acetonitrile. This prodct was unambiguously shown to be A14-tyrosyl[125I]iodoinsulin by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. The quality of this radiolabel compared favourably with commercially ++
available A14-tyrosyl[125I]iodoinsulin preparations both in terms of specific activity and stability upon storage at -20C. Furthermore, a modified method based on this protocol has been used in our and other laboratories for the isolation of other iodinated peptides with highly satisfactory results.I have established that the size of the a-subunit of the rat mammary insulin receptor is significantly diminished compared with the liver insulin receptor (125 kDa versus 130 kDa). This difference in size was present throughout all stages of lactation and was not due to proteolysis of a larger form. Furthermore, I demonstrated that both the mammary and liver insulin receptor a-subunits migrated equally on PAGE following treatment with neuraminidase, indicating that the apparent size difference may be accounted for by a variation in the extent of receptor sialation. Treatment of the mammary insulin receptor a-subunit with glycopeptidase F demonstrated that the size of the aglycoreceptor (100 kDa) was similar to that described for insulin receptors from other insulin-sensitive tissues.I characterised the distribution of mRNA encoding the two, naturally-occurring insulin receptor isoforms in mammary tissue throughout all stages of pregnancy and lactation. These insulin receptor isoforms differ due to the absence (IR-A) or presence (IR-B) of a 12 amino acid peptide, encoded by exon 11 of the insulin receptor gene, and located near the C-terminus of the insulin receptor a-subunit. Mammary tissue predominantly expressed IR-A mRNA in contrast to liver tissue, which almost exclusively expressed IRB mRNA. Furthermore, the ratio of IR-A to IR-B mRNA in mammary tissue changed significantly during the first week post-partum whilst the distribution of IR-A and IR-B mRNA in the liver remained constant throughout pregnancy and lactation. This difference in insulin receptor isoform ++
expression between mammary and liver tissue also contributed to the estimated size difference between the insulin receptor a-subunits from these two tissues. In addition, I characterised the expression of IR-A and IR-B mRNA in several different tissues obtained from rats on day 14 of gestation through to 7 days post partum. I established that the splicing mechanism is functional at least as early as day 14 of gestation, suggesting a possible role for the preferential expression of a particular insulin receptor isoform during organogenesis. I observed that IR-A mRNA was the predominant isoform in all foetal tissue studied, and the proportion of this isoform declined as the animal matured. These changes were significant in cardiac muscle, kidney and most dramatic in the liver where the expression of IR-A mRNA changed from 53% in the 21 day old foetus (the day before parturition) to 13% in the 1 day old neonate. These results suggest that the splicing mechanism which generates the receptor isoforms is subject to acute hormonal and/or metabolic control.The current literature suggests that the carbohydrate moieties of the insulin receptor affects its affinity for insulin. Furthermore, the IR-A and IR-B isoforms have been shown to display a 2-fold difference in their insulin binding affinity when expressed in heterologous cell lines such at CHO cells or Rat-1 fibroblasts. Since both glycosylational and isoform distribution differences were evident between mammary and liver tissues, the insulin binding affinities of these receptors were compared. Estimates of the binding affinity parameters were performed at both 4 C and 37 C. At both temperatures the equilibrium binding constants for mammary and liver tissues were not significantly different suggesting that structural variations of the mammary insulin receptor had no effect on the insulin binding affinity under the ++
conditions described in this study. Comparison of the 4 C and 37 C binding data showed that the mammary insulin receptor exhibited complex, temperature-dependent binding characteristics, similar to those previously described for the liver insulin receptor, and entirely consistent with the presence of a temperature-dependent regulatory protein that affects insulin binding.

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Jenkinson, Helen Jane. "The expression of MHC class I and CD1D in human placental and extra-placental tissues." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245592.

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Maharaj, Indra L. "Foetal tissue transplantation, the ethics, the law and the born alive rule in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ53252.pdf.

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Houde, Andrée-Anne. "Programmation métabolique foetale : étude de l'impact de l'exposition au diabète gestationnel sur le méthylome du nouveau-né." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6851.

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Résumé : L’obésité est un enjeu de société de première importance; elle est un facteur de risque de plusieurs maladies et engendre d’importantes dépenses en santé. Outre l’alimentation, la sédentarité et les prédispositions génétiques, il semble que l’environnement fœtal soit un facteur déterminant dans le développement de l’obésité. En effet, il a été démontré que les nouveau-nés exposés à un environnement intra-utérin défavorable ont un risque accru de développer, à l’adolescence et à l’âge adulte, l’obésité ainsi que les désordres métaboliques qui y sont associés. Le diabète gestationnel (DG) est l’une des complications de santé maternelle les plus fréquentes et est associé à un risque accru à long terme pour la santé métabolique de l’enfant. Malgré les nombreuses données probantes épidémiologiques concernant le phénomène de la programmation fœtale associée au DG, les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués ont été très peu étudiés. Il est cependant de plus en plus évident que l’épigénétique soit l’un de ces mécanismes. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’identifier les changements de méthylation de l’ADN, la modification épigénétique la plus stable et la plus connue, chez les nouveau-nés exposés in utero au DG. Dans un premier temps, la méthylation de l’ADN de 44 échantillons de placenta et de sang de cordon a été analysée à l’échelle du génome. Cette approche a permis de démontrer que les gènes épigénétiquement modifiés suite à une exposition au DG sont majoritairement retrouvés dans les voies biologiques associées aux maladies métaboliques. Des analyses dans une cohorte indépendante (n=80) ont confirmé l’effet de la glycémie maternelle sur la méthylation de l’ADN des gènes BRD2, LRP1B et CACNA1D impliqués dans la régulation du métabolisme des lipides et du glucose et du système rénine-angiotensine respectivement. Dans un second temps, l’approche par gènes candidats a démontré que l’exposition au DG est associée à la méthylation de l’ADN de gènes du métabolisme des lipides (LPL et ABCA1) du placenta. L’analyse de la méthylation de la LEP et de l’ADIPOQ dans le sang et les tissus adipeux de sujets sévèrement obèses a permis d’identifier des sites de méthylation pouvant potentiellement être utilisés dans le sang comme marqueur de susceptibilité à l’obésité. L’ensemble des résultats de cette thèse démontrent que le DG modifie le profil épigénétique de gènes impliqués dans les voies biologiques des maladies métaboliques (métabolisme énergétique et des lipides) et supportent l’importance de la méthylation de l’ADN dans la programmation de la santé métabolique du nouveau-né ayant été exposé in utero au DG.
Abstract : Obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide in both adult and childhood populations and is now recognized as a major public health issue. Obesity is associated with higher incidence of cardiometabolic complications including type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia and hypertension as well as with increased health care costs. The fetal environment now appears, with genetics and the environment, as one cause of the obesity epidemic. Indeed, according to the fetal programming hypothesis, newborns exposed to a detrimental fetal environment are more susceptible to develop obesity, T2D and other related chronic disorders when they become teenagers or adults. Many studies have associated gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exposure with these long-term metabolic health risks for the newborn. Although, numerous studies show epidemiological evidence to support the fetal programming hypothesis, only a few studies have been undertaken to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. However, several studies now suggest that epigenetics may be involved. The objective of this thesis is to study changes in DNA methylation, the more stable and studied epigenetic system, in newborns that have been exposed to GDM in utero. First, a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis (BeadChip) was performed in a sample set of 44 placenta and cord blood samples to identify genes and metabolic pathways dysregulated by GDM. This approach showed that genes epigenetically affected by GDM are predominantly involved in metabolic diseases. The associations between maternal glycemia and DNA methylation levels were confirmed, in an independent birth cohort, for BRD2, LRP1B and CACNA1D gene loci involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism and the renin-angiotensin system respectively. Then, using a candidate gene approach we reported that DNA methylation levels at gene loci involved in lipid metabolism (LPL and ABCA1) are modified in the placenta following exposure to GDM. Furthermore, analyses of LEP and ADIPOQ DNA methylation levels in blood and adipose tissues of severely obese men and women allowed the identification of CpG sites that might be used in blood as a marker of obesity susceptibility. Altogether the results of this thesis show that GDM affects the epigenetic signature of genes involved in metabolic disease pathways (energy and lipid metabolism) and support the role of DNA methylation in metabolic health programming of the newborn exposed to GDM.

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Lukaszewski, Marie-Amélie. "Effets d'une dénutrition maternelle prénatale sur la régulation de l'homéostasie énergétique chez la descendance mâle adulte : focus sur l'hypothalamus et le tissu adipeux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10133/document.

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Des données épidémiologiques indiquent qu’une dénutrition maternelle prénatale (DMP) induit un retard de croissance intra-utérin (RCIU) et prédispose la descendance au développement d’un syndrome métabolique (SM). Afin de comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans la mise en place du SM, nous avons développé un modèle de restriction alimentaire de 70 % chez le rat pendant toute la gestation : le modèle FR30. Nos travaux montrent que la DMP augmente la sensibilité de la descendance mâle au développement de certains traits du SM tels qu’une hypertension modérée, une hyperleptinémie sans phénotype d’obésité, une hypercorticostéronémie, une perturbation de la régulation de la glycémie, une hyperphagie et de subtiles altérations des projections neuronales à POMC. Notre objectif a été ensuite d’identifier les mécanismes programmés par la DMP chez la descendance mâle FR30 adulte au niveau de l’axe hypothalamo-adipocytaire (HA). Basé sur la théorie de la programmation fœtale, nous avons tenté d’exacerber les perturbations métaboliques observées et/ou silencieuses par un régime hyperlipidique (HF) dès le sevrage. Bien que la DMP n’exacerbe pas les traits de SM induits par le régime HF, les rats FR30HF ont une prise de poids plus importante, une masse de dépôts adipeux augmentée, un taux de leptine plus important et une absence d’augmentation des glucocorticoïdes circulants suite au jeûne. Nous avons montré que le tissu adipeux présente de fortes variations d’expression génique différentes en fonction des dépôts adipeux, contrairement à l’hypothalamus. Nos travaux suggèrent donc que l’axe HA constitue l’une des cibles privilégiées de la programmation fœtale suite à une DMP
Epidemiological studies have shown that maternal undernutrition during pregnancy (MU) leads to intrauterine growth retardation and may predispose individuals to the development of metabolic syndrome. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms, we have developed a model of prenatal maternal 70% food-restricted diet throughout gestation in pregnant female rats called FR30. Our results show that MU increases the vulnerability to some metabolic syndrome features in adult male rat offspring such as mild hypertension, hyperleptinemia without obesity, hypercorticosteronemia, impaired glucose intolerance and hyperphagia and subtle alterations of POMC hypothalamic neurons projections. Our goal was then to identify tissue mechanisms programmed by MU in FR30 adult male offspring hypothalamic-adipose axis (HA). Based on the developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome, we attempted to heighten visible and/or silent metabolic alterations observed under standard diet by feeding FR30 rats a high fat (HF) diet since the weaning. Although MU does not worsen the metabolic syndrome features induced by postnatal HF feeding, FR30 adult rats gain more weight, exhibit greater body fat content, a rise of serum leptin levels and a blunted increase of corticosterone levels. FR30 MU does not significantly affect the hypothalamic mRNA levels whereas it leads to marked gene expression variation in WAT in depot-specific and diet-specific manners. Our results suggest that the HA tissue axis is one of the key targets of MU fetal programming in adult male rat offspring

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Tollet, Cecilia Jenny. "The origin and early development of the intrinsic innervation in the foetal mouse lung." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0060.

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In this study, the origin and development of the intrinsic innervation in the foetal mouse lung is described and experimental evidence is provided to support the involvement of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the guidance of nerves and neuronal precursors in the developing lung. Antibodies were used to stain for neuronal precursors, neurones, nerve fibres, primordial epithelium and smooth muscle. These structures were revealed in whole mounts of foetal mouse lungs by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, and their spatial and temporal distribution was mapped from the onset of lung development and through the pseudoglandular period. The results showed that neuronal precursors, positive for neural crest cell markers, were present in the vagal tract of the foregut at embryonic day 10 (E10), the time of the evagination of the lung buds. These neural crest-derived cells (NCC) migrated into the lung at E11, along nerve processes directed from the vagus to the smooth musclecovered trachea and emerging lobar bronchi. During E11-E14, a network of nerves and ganglia became established along the dorsal trachea, and large ganglia formed a plexus at the ventral hilum. Nerve trunks issued from these ganglia, travelled along the smooth muscle-covered bronchi, providing a pathway for migrating NCC. To investigate the role of GDNF in the innervation of the lung, an in vitro model of left lung lobes was established. Lung growth and tubule branching was comparable to that in vivo, and neural tissue and smooth muscle continued to grow and thrive. A significant increase in nerve growth occurred when explants were cultured with GDNF compared to controls. Nerves extended, and NCC migrated towards GDNF-impregnated beads suggesting that GDNF may be the molecule guiding nerve fibres and NCC in the lung. The migrating NCC were negative for GDNF-family receptor α1 (GFRα1) during their migration into the lung while the nerves were positive. Since GDNF needs to be associated with its binding receptor, GFRα1, for cellular signalling, GDNF may induce the migration of the NCC if they migrate along the GFRα1-positive nerve fibres. It is concluded that neural tissue and smooth muscle become integral components of the lung shortly after the onset of lung development. The results show that the migration of neural crest-derived cells into the lung and the establishment of the innervation requires coordinated cross-talk between NCC, nerves and smooth muscle throughout development.

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Ismail, Ayshe. "Interactions between human embryonic stem cell and foetal femur derived cell populations : development of strategies for tissue regeneration." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/375470/.

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Boullu-Ciocca, Sandrine. "Métabolisme des glucocorticoïdes du tissu adipeux dans l'obésité et le syndrome métabolique : études chez le rat et l'homme." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20715.

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Books on the topic "Tissus foetal"

1

The foetus as transplant donor: Scientific, social, and ethical perspectives. Chichester: Wiley, 1987.

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McCullagh, Peter. The foetus as transplant donor: Scientific, social and ethical perspectives. Chichester: Wiley, 1987.

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Mullen, Michelle A. Recherche sur les embryons et les tissus foetaux humains: Organisation de la recherche. Ottawa, Ont: Commission royale sur les nouvelles techniques de reproduction, 1992.

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Pye, Stephen D., and Bajram Zeqiri. Ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0025.

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Ultrasound is used in many areas of medicine, including diagnostic imaging, therapy, lithotripsy, and surgery. The chapter gives a general description of ultrasound, its propagation, bioeffects, and measurement techniques. Potential biohazards of ultrasound are tissue heating, cavitation, acoustic radiation forces, and mechanical strain due to particle displacement. Any bioeffects produced by ultrasound in diagnostic applications have little consequence for the individual, as illustrated by its routine use in diagnostic foetal scanning, but surgical techniques destroy tissue on a macroscopic scale. There are separate sections which consider exposure, standards and give practical guidance measures for each of the four main areas of medical application. All applications of ultrasound in medicine have an impressive safety record, and the 3 W cm-2 limit for therapeutic ultrasound is the only safety criterion that has been formally adopted into current international standards.

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Canada. Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies., ed. Contexte et pratique actuelle de la recherche sur l'embryon et les tissus foetaux au Canada. Ottawa: Commission royale sur les nouvelles techniques de reproduction, 1993.

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Greaves, Claire D., and Mike J. Dunn. The nuclear medicine patient. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0018.

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Following the administration of a radiopharmaceutical, the patient is essentially a mobile source of radiation. The hazards from the patient are contamination from radioactive tissue/body fluids, and exposure to the radiation emitted from the patient. These hazards present a risk to the patient due to self-absorbed radiation, healthcare workers, other patients, members of the public, family members (including the foetus), colleagues at work, and carers. This chapter presents the methodology used for assessing the doses to patients and critical groups, and discusses its limitations. It considers the risks and protective measures for: the patient (both adults and paediatrics), the foetus and young children including reproduction, breastfeeding, and close contact, hospital and external workers who may come into contact with the patient or be at risk of contamination, and the general public (inside and outside the hospital environment). The risks are presented along with practical guidance to minimize the hazard.

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Bender, David A. 3. Protein nutrition. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199681921.003.0003.

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About 14 per cent of the human body is protein, so a growing child, or pregnant woman must have protein intake to increase the total amount of protein in the body, or foetus, as it grows. But why does an adult, whose body weight does not change, require protein in the diet? ‘Protein nutrition’ explains that proteins contain the element nitrogen in their constituent amino acids. Nitrogen balance is the difference between the intake of nitrogen-containing compounds in the diet and the excretion of nitrogen-containing compounds from the body. There is a requirement for dietary protein as the continual breakdown of tissue proteins in the body needs replacement by newly synthesized protein.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tissus foetal"

1

Höper, J., M. Kessler, K. Frank, D. Tauschek, J. Zündorf, N. Lang, and E. Mauch. "Monitoring of Intracapillary HbO2 in Foetal Scalp during Delivery." In Oxygen Transport to Tissue XIV, 485–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3428-0_55.

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Wang, J. M., and S. Kumar. "Reactivity of MoAb E-9 Human Tumour, Foetal and Normal Tissue Vasculature." In Angiogenesis in Health and Disease, 365. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3358-0_39.

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Wookey, P. J., A. Zulli, C. Lo, D. L. Hare, A. P. Schwarer, I. A. Darby, and A. Y. Leung. "Calcitonin Receptor Expression in Embryonic, Foetal and Adult Tissues: Developmental and Pathophysiological Implications." In The calcitonin gene-related peptide family, 199–233. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2909-6_13.

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Fishman, W. H. "Comparison of β-Glucuronidase Activity in Tissue of Foetal, New-Born, and Infant Animals with Those of the Mother Oeouse, Dog, and Human)." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - Steroid Hormones and Enzymes (Book II of Colloquia on Endocrinology, Vol. 1), 279–80. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470718742.ch9.

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Engfeldt, Bengt, and Rolf Zetterstrom. "Osteodysmetamorphosis Foetalis a Newly Discovered Characteristic Skeletal Disease Showing Low Serum and Tissue Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (Hypophosphatasia)." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - Bone Structure and Metabolism, 258–71. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470715222.ch20.

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Lamb, David. "Foetal Tissue Transplants." In Organ Transplants and Ethics, 69–81. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003044796-5.

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"FOETAL MEMBRANES AND CULTURED KERATINOCYTES." In Advances in Tissue Banking, 163–93. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812839749_0004.

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Fall, Caroline, and Kalyanaraman Kumaran. "Developmental origins of health and disease." In Oxford Textbook of Global Health of Women, Newborns, Children, and Adolescents, edited by Delan Devakumar, Jennifer Hall, Zeshan Qureshi, and Joy Lawn, 36–39. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198794684.003.0007.

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Sub-optimal nutrition during foetal and infant development is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adult life. Animal experiments show that this results from permanent effects on the structure and function of tissues and hormone systems (‘metabolic programming’), probably mediated by epigenetic changes. NCD risk is increased further by adiposity and/or unhealthy lifestyles in childhood or adulthood. Apart from nutrition, other early life environmental influences can programme later disease, including foetal ‘over-nutrition’ (maternal diabetes or obesity) and exposure to maternal smoking, environmental pollutants, and pregnancy complications. The concept that improving the nutrition and health of mothers pre-conceptionally and during pregnancy could prevent common NCDs has huge public health implications. However, unlike the robust demonstration of programming in experimental animals, the evidence in humans rests mainly on observational research. Intervention studies are ongoing to strengthen the evidence and to identify ways to improve early development and prevent NCDs.

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Lo, David D., Michael S. Hu, Andrew S. Zimmermann, Michael T. Longaker, and H. Peter Lorenz. "Differences in Foetal, Adult Skin and Mucosal Repair." In Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering in Dental Sciences, 691–702. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-397157-9.00055-2.

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Ramani, T. V., M. Pratyusha, and S. Saritha. "Microanatomy of Human Foetal Pancreatic Tissue: A Chronological Study." In New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 1, 94–103. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nvbs/v1/3520f.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tissus foetal"

1

Fiocchi, Serena, Paolo Ravazzani, and Marta Parazzini. "Assessment of the uncertainty in 50 Hz foetal exposure due to tissues conductivity variation: Calculation of the uncertainty of electric field induced in the feotal tissues by means of stochastic dosimentry using polynomial chaos theory." In 2017 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium - Italy (ACES). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ropaces.2017.7916320.

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