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Journal articles on the topic 'Titane atome'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Dandouras, Iannis, Philippe Garnier, Donald G. Mitchell, Edmond C. Roelof, Pontus C. Brandt, Norbert Krupp, and Stamatios M. Krimigis. "Titan's exosphere and its interaction with Saturn's magnetosphere." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1889 (November 20, 2008): 743–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0249.

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Titan's nitrogen-rich atmosphere is directly bombarded by energetic ions, due to its lack of a significant intrinsic magnetic field. Singly charged energetic ions from Saturn's magnetosphere undergo charge-exchange collisions with neutral atoms in Titan's upper atmosphere, or exosphere, being transformed into energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). The ion and neutral camera, one of the three sensors that comprise the magnetosphere imaging instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini/Huygens mission to Saturn and Titan, images these ENAs like photons, and measures their fluxes and energies. These remote-sensing measurements, combined with the in situ measurements performed in the upper thermosphere and in the exosphere by the ion and neutral mass spectrometer instrument, provide a powerful diagnostic of Titan's exosphere and its interaction with the Kronian magnetosphere. These observations are analysed and some of the exospheric features they reveal are modelled.

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2

Linnik, О. P., N. P. Smirnova, and A. М. Eremenko. "Peculiarities of sol-gel synthesis of co-modified by nitrogen and metal ions (Zn2+, Zr4+, Pt2+) semiconductive TiO2 films." Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 12 (December 2020): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2020.12.067.

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According to the XPS investigation of titania films co-modified by nitro gen and metal ions obtained via sol-gel method, the formation of common bonds between elements occurs due to the presence of metal ions. The mechanism of urea thermolysis is changed as a result of the ability of metal ions to form the complex compounds with urea molecules under the reported synthesis conditions that, in turn, depends on the nature of metal ions, leading to the different chemical compositions of materials’ surface. The XPS data show that nitrogen atoms are surrounded by nonmetal ones on the surface of the films modi fied by Zn2+ or Zr4+ ions. It is suggested that no formation of the complexes between Ті, Zn, or Zr atoms with urea occurs due to its protonation through an oxygen atom leading to the formation of O,N-containing reaction products. In the case of Pt2+ doping, the substitutional nitrogen incorporation in the titania lattice, as well as the formation of N-containing fragments, have been detected. The chemical nature of Pt ions allows them to interact with urea molecules through an N atom of the amino group. As a result, the transformation of urea molecules in the complexes occurs at higher temperatures concurrently with the titania crystallization that is recognized as a catalyst for the intermediates of the urea decomposition leading to the formation of common bonds between N and Ti atoms.

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3

Jang, Jum Suk, Eun Sun Kim, Hyun Gyu Kim, Sang Min Ji, Youngkwon Kim, and Jae Sung Lee. "Nitrogen-doped titanium oxide microrods decorated with titanium oxide nanosheets for visible light photocatalysis." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 6 (June 2010): 1096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0133.

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Nitrogen-doped titania with a unique two-level hierarchical structure and visible light photocatalytic activity is reported. Thus, nitrogen-doped titanium oxide microrods decorated with N-doped titanium oxide nanosheets were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction in NH4OH and postcalcination. During the calcination, the in situ incorporation of nitrogen atoms of ammonium ion into titania lattice was accompanied by the structural evolution from titanate to anatase titania. The morphological and structural evolution was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and adsorption isotherms. The N-doping brought visible light absorption, and the material exhibited high photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of Orange II under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 400 nm), especially when it was loaded with 1 wt% Pt as a cocatalyst.

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4

Colombo, Fernando, and Elisa V. Pannunzio Miner. "Synthesis and crystal structure refinement by the Rietveld method of antimony-bearing titanite Ca(Ti0.6Al0.2Sb0.2)OSiO4." Powder Diffraction 24, no. 3 (September 2009): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3194249.

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A synthetic analogue, Ca(Ti0.6Al0.2Sb0.2)OSiO4, of antimony-bearing titanite of a composition similar to that found at St. Marcel-Praborna (Italy) was synthesized using ceramic methods and the crystal structure was refined using the Rietveld method. Unit-cell dimensions (in Å) are a=7.0184(1), b=8.7097(2), c=6.5586(1), and β=113.700(1)°. The substitution of 40% Ti by (Al+Sb) in octahedra causes a loss of long-range coherency of the off-centered Ti atoms. The space group of Sb-bearing titanite is A2/a, like other cases of M3+-M5+-doped titanites. This study confirms that titanite with up to 0.2 Sb atom per f.u. can exist and that the substitution scheme is 2Ti4+↔Al3++Sb5+.

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5

Filonenko, О. V., E. M. Demianenko, and V. V. Lobanov. "Quantum chemical modeling of orthophosphoric acid adsorption sites on hydrated anatase surface." Surface 12(27) (December 30, 2020): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2020.12.020.

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Quantum chemical modeling of orthophosphoric acid adsorption sites on the hydrated surface of anatase was performed by the method of density functional theory (exchange-correlation functional PBE0, basis set 6-31 G(d,p)). The influence of the aqueous medium was taken into account within the framework of the continual solvent model. The work uses a cluster approach. The anatase surface is simulated by a neutral Ti(OH)4(H2O)2 cluster. The results of analysis of the geometry and energy characteristics of all the calculated complexes show that the highest interaction energy is inherent to the intermolecular complex of orthophosphoric acid and hydrated surface of anatase, where the oxygen atom of the phosphoryl group (О=Р≡) forms a hydrogen bond with a hydrogen atom of the coordinated water molecule of Ti(OH)4(H2O)2 cluster and two hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups of the orthophosphoric acid molecule form two hydrogen bonds with two oxygen atoms of the titanol groups. The formation energy effect of this complex is -134.0 kJ/mol. The formation energy effect of the complex with separated charges by the proton transfer from the molecule H3PO4 to the Ti(OH)4(H2O)2 cluster with the formation of dihydrogen phosphate anion and the protonated form of the titanol group (º) is -131.1 kJ/mol, so indicating less thermodynamic probability of such intermolecular interaction. The smallest thermodynamic probability (-123.9 kJ/mol) of complexation between orthophosphoric acid and hydrated anatase surface where a water molecule moves from the coordination sphere of the titanium atom. The calculation results indicate a possible adsorption of the H3PO4 molecule in an aqueous solution on the hydrated anatase surface. Taking into account the effect of the solvent within the polarization continuum insignificantly changes the adsorption energy, which is -44.5 kJ/mol; for vacuum conditions this value is -49.0 kJ/mol.

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6

Yang, Fan, Ruizhuang Yang, Lin Yan, Jiankun Wu, Xiaolin Liu, Lirong Yang, Minglong Zhong, Xuan Luo, and Lin Zhang. "Enhancement of Titania Photoanode Performance by Sandwiching Copper between Two Titania Layers." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 28, 2020): 4326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194326.

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Vacancies in semiconductors can play a versatile role in boosting their photocatalytic activity. In this work, a novel TiO2/Cu/TiO2 sandwich structure is designed and constructed. Abundant vacancies were introduced in TiO2 lattice by Cu reduction under heat treatment. Meanwhile, Cu atom could diffuse into TiO2 to form Cu-doped TiO2. The synergistic effect between oxygen vacancies and Cu atoms achieved about 2.4 times improved photocurrent of TiO2/Cu/TiO2 sandwich structure compared to bare TiO2 thin film. The enhanced photoactivity may be attributed to regulated electron structure of TiO2 by oxygen vacancies and Cu dopant from experimental results and density functional theory calculations. Oxygen vacancies and Cu dopant in TiO2 formed through copper metal reduction can introduce impurity levels and narrow the band gap of TiO2, thus improve the visible light response. More importantly, the Cu2+ and oxygen vacancies in TiO2 lattice can dramatically increase the charge density around conduction band and promote separation of photo-induced charge carriers. Furthermore, the oxygen vacancies on the surface may serve as active site for sufficient chemical reaction. This work presents a novel method to prepare doped metal oxides catalysts with abundant vacancies for improving photocatalytic activity.

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7

Stoyanov, Emil, Kurt Leinenweber, Thomas L. Groy, and Abds-Sami Malik. "Ge0.57Ti0.43O2: a new high-pressure material with rutile-type crystal structure." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, no. 7 (June 26, 2018): 1010–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018008988.

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Single crystals of a GeO2–TiO2 solid solution with the corresponding composition Ge0.57Ti0.43O2 (germanium titanium tetraoxide) were obtained by devitrification of germania-titania glass at high pressure and temperature. The new compound crystallizes in the rutile structure type (space group P42/mnm), where Ge and Ti share the same position M (site symmetry m.mm), with occupancy values of 0.57 (3) and 0.43 (3), respectively, and one O-atom position (m.2m). The M site is in a sixfold O-atom coordination and, as in the original TiO2 rutile structure, an elongation of the O—M—O bonds along the c-axis direction of the coordination polyhedron and deviation of the angles from 90° lead to a decrease in the coordination symmetry from octahedral to tetragonal. The Ge and Ti atoms are fully disordered in the structure, which indicates that the rutile structure is surprisingly pliant given the differing sizes of the two cations.

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8

Enders, M., R. Rudolph, and H. Pritzkow. "Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Pentakis(dimethylsulfoxid)- oxo-titan(IV)chlorid / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Pentakis(dimethylsulfoxide)-oxo-titanium(IV) Chloride." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 52, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1997-0411.

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Abstract Pentakis(dimethylsulfoxide)-oxo-titanium(IV) chloride is obtained by reaction of titanium tetrachloride with a stoichiometric amount of water in dimethylsulfoxide. A single crystal structure determination (P1̄, a = 9.564(6), b = 10.504(7), c = 12.510(8) Å, α = 70.21(5), β = 83.48(5), γ = 89.82(5)°, V = 1174 Å3, Z = 2) shows a dicationic titanium(IV) complex with five dimethylsulfoxide ligands and one oxygen atom. The two chlorine anions are not bonded to the complex cation. The TiO6-fragment is a distorted octahedron, where five of the six oxygen atoms belong to the coordinated dimethylsulfoxide molecules.

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9

Liu, Jian, Biqiong Wang, Mohammad N. Banis, Zhiqiang Wang, Ruying Li, Jian Wang, Yongfeng Hu, Tsun-Kong Sham, and Xueliang Sun. "Investigation of amorphous to crystalline phase transition of sodium titanate by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 95, no. 11 (November 2017): 1163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0132.

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Nanostructured sodium titanate has great potential for various applications such as sodium-ion batteries, photocatalysts, and waste treatment. Understanding the phase-transition mechanism in sodium titanate after annealing is fundamentally important to tune the structure, morphology, and property for targeted applications. In this work, we adopted amorphous sodium titanate grown on carbon nanotubes by an atomic layer deposition technique as a reference and used X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), as well as a high-temperature in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, to elucidate the phase-transition mechanism of sodium titanate from amorphous to crystalline upon annealing from 25 °C to 900 °C. XAS and XRD analysis disclosed that anatase TiO2 first formed in the matrix of amorphous sodium titanate at 500 °C and then recrystallized into Na0.23TiO2 at 700 °C and 900 °C. XAS studies also revealed that the Ti atoms in sodium titanate were oxidized during the annealing process and reached an oxidation state about 3.8+ for Na0.23TiO2. The elevated annealing temperature increased the coordination number of Ti atoms and the crystallinity of sodium titanate. STXM chemical map provided spatial information and visualized evidence on the phase transition among amorphous sodium titanate, anatase TiO2, and Na0.23TiO2 in the samples annealed at intermediate temperatures (500 °C and 700 °C). This work provides a comprehensive understanding on the evolution of sodium titanate, in terms of crystal structure, electronic structure, chemical environment, and morphology, under different post annealing conditions.

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10

Ahmad, Imteyaz, Subramshu Bhattacharya, and Horst Hahn. "In-situ nitrogen doping and boron modification of nanocrystalline titania powders by chemical vapour synthesis." Processing and Application of Ceramics 3, no. 3 (2009): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac0903113a.

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During the chemical vapour synthesis (CVS) of nanocrystalline titania doping and/or modification can be directly carried out in-situ by using an additional precursor. In this study, nitrogen doped nanocrystalline titania powders and boron modified nanocrystalline titania powders were synthesised by CVS. The resultant powders were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis spectroscopy. In both cases, a red shift in the band gap of titania was seen. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) showed the presence of nitrogen in the titania lattice. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed that boron in titania was present in BO4 coordination with the oxygen atoms.

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11

Deskins, N. Aaron, Jincheng Du, and Pratap Rao. "The structural and electronic properties of reduced amorphous titania." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 28 (2017): 18671–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp02940c.

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12

Siuzdak, Katarzyna, Mariusz Szkoda, Mirosław Sawczak, and Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak. "Novel nitrogen precursors for electrochemically driven doping of titania nanotubes exhibiting enhanced photoactivity." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 4 (2015): 2741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj00127g.

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13

Futaana, Yoshifumi, Jean-Yves Chaufray, H. Todd Smith, Philippe Garnier, Herbert Lichtenegger, Magda Delva, Hannes Gröller, and Alessandro Mura. "Exospheres and Energetic Neutral Atoms of Mars, Venus and Titan." Space Science Reviews 162, no. 1-4 (November 8, 2011): 213–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-011-9834-4.

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14

Shematovich, V. I., C. Tully, and R. E. Johnson. "Suprathermal nitrogen atoms and molecules in Titan's corona." Advances in Space Research 27, no. 11 (January 2001): 1875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00268-x.

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15

Mitchell, D. G. "Energetic Neutral Atom Emissions from Titan Interaction with Saturn's Magnetosphere." Science 308, no. 5724 (May 13, 2005): 989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1109805.

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16

Guo, Wei, Qing Qing Miao, Gang Xin, Li Qiong Wu, and Ting Li Ma. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Nitrogen-Doped Titania Electrodes." Key Engineering Materials 451 (November 2010): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.451.21.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell(DSC) is a new type of photovoltaic device. This paper mainly describes the research results of the development of a novel nitrogen-doped photoanode for DSC in our group. Highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) of 7.6-10.1% were fabricated using nitrogen-doped titania electrodes. The photoelectrochemical properties of the nitrogen-doped titania powder, film, and solar cell were systemically investigated. We confirmed the substitution of oxygen sites and oxygen deficiency with nitrogen atoms in the titania structure by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The UV-Vis spectra of the nitrogen-doped powder and film showed visible light absorption in the wavelength range between 400 nm and 535 nm. The results of the stability test indicated that the DSCs fabricated by the nitrogen-doped titania exhibited great stability.

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17

Bansal, Ankushi, Arvind Kumar, Pawan Kumar, Sreedhar Bojja, Alok K. Chatterjee, Siddharth S. Ray, and Suman L. Jain. "Visible light-induced surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate on titania/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite." RSC Advances 5, no. 27 (2015): 21189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra15615c.

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18

Li, Yingfang, Li Yan, Mohammad R. Farahani, Muhammad Imran, and Muhammad K. Jamil. "Computing the Theta Polynomial Θ(G, x) and the Theta Index Θ(G) of Titania Nanotubes TiO2(m, n)." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 715–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6262.

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Let G = (V,E) be a simple connected molecular graph in chemical graph theory, where the vertex/atom set and edge/bond set of G denoted by V(G) and E(G), respectively and its vertices correspond to the atoms and the edges correspond to the bonds. Two counting polynomials the “Omega Ω(G,x) and Theta Θ(G,x)” polynomials of a molecular graph G were defined by Diudea as Ω(G,x) = ΣeE(G) xn(E) and Θ(G,x) = ΣeE(G) xn(E), where n(E) denotes the number of edges co-distant with the edge E. From definition of these counting polynomials, we can obtain the Theta polynomial by inserting the coefficient n(E) in the Omega polynomial. Then the Theta index will be the first derivative of the Theta polynomial Θ(G,x) evaluated at x = 1. The goal of this paper is to compute the Theta polynomial Θ(G,x) and the Theta index Θ(G) of an infinite family of the Titania Nanotubes TiO2(m,n) for the first time.

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19

Mori, Shogo, and Susumu Saito. "C(sp3)–H bond functionalization with styrenes via hydrogen-atom transfer to an aqueous hydroxyl radical under photocatalysis." Green Chemistry 23, no. 10 (2021): 3575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc00753j.

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The redox-neutral addition of α-C–H bonds to styrenes was enabled via the hydrogen-atom transfer to aqueous hydroxyl radical generated by the oxidation of water under silver-nanoparticle-loaded titania photocatalysis.

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20

Liu, Xiaoming, Zhiyu Ren, Tian Yang, Yanan Hao, Qiang Wang, and Ji Zhou. "Tunable dielectric metamaterial based on strontium titanate artificial atoms." Scripta Materialia 184 (July 2020): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.03.041.

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21

Nikolaev, Ivan V., and Nikolay G. Korobeishchikov. "Influence of the Parameters of Cluster Ions on the Formation of Nanostructures on the KTP Surface." Applied Nano 2, no. 1 (January 23, 2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applnano2010003.

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In this work, the formation of periodic nanostructures on the surface of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) has been demonstrated. The surface of KTP single crystals after the processing of argon cluster ions with different energy per cluster atom E/Nmean = 12.5 and 110 eV/atom has been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). To characterize the nanostructures, the power spectral density (PSD) functions have been used. The features of the formation of periodic nanostructures are revealed depending on the incident angle of clusters and different energy per atom in clusters.

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22

Silyukov, Oleg I., Sergey A. Kurnosenko, Iana A. Minich, Ivan A. Rodionov, and Irina A. Zvereva. "Protonated Forms of Layered Perovskite-Like Titanate NaNdTiO4: Neutron and X-ray Diffraction Structural Analysis." Solids 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solids2030017.

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Structures of partially and completely protonated Ruddlesden–Popper phases, H0.7Na0.3NdTiO4·0.3H2O and HNdTiO4, have been established by means of neutron and X-ray diffraction analysis and compared among themselves as well as with that of the initial titanate NaNdTiO4. It was shown that while interlayer sodium cations in the partially protonated form are coordinated by nine oxygen atoms, including one related to intercalated water, in the fully protonated compound the ninth oxygen proves to be an axial anion belonging to the opposite slab of titanium-oxygen octahedra. Moreover, the partially protonated titanate was found to significantly differ from the other two in the octahedron distortion pattern. It is characterized by a weakly pronounced elongation of the octahedra towards the Nd-containing interlayer space making Ti4+ cations practically equidistant from both axial oxygen atoms, which is accompanied by a low-frequency shift of the bands relating to the asymmetric stretching mode of axial Ti–O bonds observed in the Raman spectra.

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23

Panayotov, D., E. Ivanova, M. Mihaylov, K. Chakarova, T. Spassov, and K. Hadjiivanov. "Hydrogen spillover on Rh/TiO2: the FTIR study of donated electrons, co-adsorbed CO and H/D exchange." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 32 (2015): 20563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp03148f.

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Hydrogen spillover on Rh/TiO₂: molecular H₂ dissociates on nanocrystalline Rh; the produced H atoms spillover onto the titania thus protonating the semiconductor, while donating electrons to shallow trap (ST) states and the conduction band (CB) of TiO₂.

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24

Hester, J. R., K. Tomimoto, H. Noma, F. P. Okamura, and J. Akimitsu. "Electron Density in YTiO3." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 53, no. 5 (October 1, 1997): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876819700551x.

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Accurate electron density analyses have been performed on the title compound, yttrium titanate, at room and low temperature using W K\alpha radiation. Room- and low temperature \delta\rho maps are generally consistent. Difference electron densities near the two symmetrically independent O atoms differ markedly. These observations may have significance for understanding the role of the O atom in mediating d-electron interactions between neighbouring Ti coordination polyhedra. Features having lower symmetry than that of the approximately octahedral local environment are observed within the Ti coordination octahedron. Crystal data at room temperature: YTiO3, M r = 184.79, T = 293 K, Pnma, a = 5.6901 (4), b = 7.6130 (7), c = 5.3381 (6) Å, V = 231.24 (4) Å3, Z = 4, D x = 5.308 Mg m-3, \mu(W K\alpha) = 1.02 mm−1, R = 0.024, wR = 0.017, S = 1.64 (2) for 2996 independent reflections. Low temperature: T = 127 K, Pnma, a = 5.690 (4), b = 7.583 (6), c = 5.318 (5) Å, V = 229.5 (3) Å3, D x = 5.35 Mg m−3, \mu(W K\alpha) = 1.02 mm−1, R = 0.021, wR = 0.015, S = 1.80 (2) for 2968 independent reflections.

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25

Karstens, Reimer, Thomas Chassé, and Heiko Peisert. "Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 12 (May 21, 2021): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.39.

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We study interface properties of CoPcFx and FePcFx (x = 0 or 16) on niobium-doped SrTiO3(100) surfaces using mainly X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. For all studied molecules, a rather complex, bidirectional charge transfer with the oxide substrate was observed, involving both the macrocycle and the central metal atom. For molecules of the first monolayer, an electron transfer to the central metal atom is concluded from transition metal 2p core level photoemission spectra. The number of interacting molecules in the first monolayer on the oxide surface depends on the central metal atom of the phthalocyanine, whereas the substrate preparation has minor influence on the interaction between CoPc and SrTiO3(100). Differences of the interaction mechanism to related TiO2 surfaces are discussed.

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26

Cempírek, J., S. Houzar, and M. Novák. "Complexly zoned niobian titanite from hedenbergite skarn at Písek, Czech Republic, constrained by substitutions Al(Nb,Ta)Ti—2, Al(F,OH)(TiO)—1 and SnTi—1." Mineralogical Magazine 72, no. 6 (December 2008): 1293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.6.1293.

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AbstractEuhedral crystals of complexly zoned niobian titanite (up to 0.3 mm) are enclosed in hedenbergite (Hd53—81Di15—43Jh3-5) and quartz from a hedenbergite vein skarn at Kamenne doly near Pisek, Czech Republic. They are associated with minor clinozoisite-epidote (Ps3—22), calcite, plagioclase (An95). scapolite (Me80—82), scheelite, pyrrhotite, fluorapatite, arsenopyrite, native bismuth and Bi,Te-minerals. The following textural and compositional subtypes were recognized: (I) Nb-rich titanite, (II) Nb-moderate titanite in the central zone, (III) Nb-poor, Sn-enriched titanite and (IV) Nb-poor, Al,F-rich titanite in the outer zone. The substitution Al(Nb,Ta)Ti—2 is dominant in subtypes I and II, the titanite subtype I being characterized by elevated contents of Al ≤ 0.257 atoms per formula unit (a.p.f.u.), Nb (≤ 0.161 a.p.f.u.) and Ta (≤ 0.037 a.p.f.u.). Amounts of Al, Nb and Ta in subtype II are smaller and more variable. The minor substitution SnTi—1 occurs chiefly in titanite subtype III with a content of Sn ≤ 0.039 a.p.f.u.. The substitution Al(F,OH)(TiO)_i is typical for titanite subtype IV exhibiting elevated contents of Al (s£ 0.221 a.p.f.u.), F (≤ 0.196 a.p.f.u.) and Fe (≤ 0.039 a.p.f.u.).The negative relationship of substitutions Al(F,OH)(TiO)_i vs. SnTi—1 and Al(Nb,Ta)Ti—1 is constrained chiefly by crystal structure rather than by the composition of parent medium alone. Textural relations suggest that the Nb-moderate titanite in the core zone and entire outer zone are products of fluids-induced dissolution-reprecipitation processes. The studied niobian titanite represents a new F-enriched type from a medium-grade, calc-silicate rock.

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27

Chenakin, Sergey P., and Norbert Kruse. "Au 4f spin–orbit coupling effects in supported gold nanoparticles." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 33 (2016): 22778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03362h.

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We reveal that the ratio of spin–orbit components in X-ray photoelectron Au 4f spectra of titania-supported gold nanoparticles deviates from the statistical ratio 4 : 3 and demonstrates an appreciable dependence on the concentration of Au atoms on the surface of TiO₂ support and size of Au nanoparticles.

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28

Pattabiraman, K., and A. Santhakumar. "On Topological Indices of Sudoku Graphs and Titania TiO2 Nanotubes." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 12 (December 30, 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i12.514.

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In this paper, we obtain the exact formulae for some topological indices such as the general sum-connectivity index, atom-bond connectivity index, geometric arithmetic index, inverse sum indeg index, symmetric division deg index and harmonic polynomial of titania TiO2 Nanotubes and Sudoku graphs.

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29

Crockett, Christopher. "Atom & cosmos: Meeting notes: Cassini maps Titan's seas." Science News 186, no. 12 (December 1, 2014): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.2014.186012016.

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30

Higashida, Yutaka, and Minato Ando. "Lossy Titanite-Based Ceramics with Nominal Compositions CaTi_1-_xM_ySiO ₅ (0 ≦ X, Y ≦ 1, M = Mn, Sn, Zr, Nb) Applicable to Millimeter Electromagnetic Wave Absorber." Key Engineering Materials 888 (June 9, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.888.9.

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The titanite-based ceramics with nominal composition CaTi1-xMySiO5 (0≦x≦1, M = Mn, Sn, Zr (y = x), and M = Nb (y = 4x/5)) in which part x of Ti sites are replaced by several kinds of atoms had remarkable increase in both the real and imaginary parts of complex relative permittivity around x = 0.0125~0.1 compared with those of pure titanite CaTiSiO5 ( x = 0) at 70 GHz. Real part varied from 3 to 43, and the imaginary part from 0 to 12 (tangent delta from 0 to 0.28). No reflection condition is fulfilled for M = Zr when x = 0.05, d/λ0 =0.042, and for M = Nb in both cases when 0 < x < 0.0125, d/λ0 = 0.05 and 0.1 <x < 0.2, d/λ0 =0.042, where d is thickness of the plate sample and λ0 is the wavelength of incident electromagnetic wave. The dominant dielectric dispersion may occur due to difference of ionic polarization between Ti4+ ions and Mn4+, Sn4+, Zr4+, or Nb5+ ions relative to O2- ions, which becomes inactive and saturates around x = 0.0125~0.05. From the measurement of the lattice parameters, a, b, c, and the angle β, characterizing monoclinic crystal structure, this saturation may have close correlation with some structural rearrangement of constituting atoms, Ti and substituted M atoms in CaTi1-xMySiO5

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31

Liu, Xiaoming, Zhiyu Ren, Tian Yang, Luping Chen, Qiang Wang, and Ji Zhou. "Tunable metamaterial absorber based on resonant strontium titanate artificial atoms." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 62 (January 2021): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.03.082.

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32

Wulms, Veit, Joachim Saur, Darrell F. Strobel, Sven Simon, and Donald G. Mitchell. "Energetic neutral atoms from Titan: Particle simulations in draped magnetic and electric fields." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 115, A6 (June 2010): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009ja014893.

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33

Zhang, Jun, and Sheng Ru Qiao. "Mechanochemical Assisted Synthesis of Titanium Silicalite-1." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 693–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.693.

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Titanium Silicalite-1 (TS-1) zeolite was successfully synthesized through a mechanochemical assisted processing. In this method, an amorphous silica-titania precursor was firstly prepared through a mechanochemical treatment. TS-1 was then synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment of the silica-titania precursor with tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) as the template. The results of the XRD, UV-vis, and FT-IR spectrum indicated that the titanium atom was incorporated into the amorphous silica-titania precursor during the grinding, and was also retained in the final TS-1 framework after the hydrothermal treatment. SEM image showed that the TS-1 appeared in a shape of elongated prism. The catalytic performance of TS-1 was examined by phenol hydroxylation with hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. The results indicated that TS-1 synthesized by this method exhibited a good activity.

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34

Balek, Vladimír, Jan Šubrt, Hiroshi Irie, and Kazuhito Hashimoto. "Thermal Behavior ofTiO2-xNxNanostructured Powder." International Journal of Photoenergy 2008 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/267345.

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Diffusion structural analysis (DSA), based on the measurement of the release of radon previously incorporated into the samples, was used to characterize thermal behavior of N-doped titania powder prepared by heat treatment of anatase in gaseous ammonia at575∘Cand the referenceTiO2powder prepared from the ST-01 anatase titania powder (Ishihara Ltd., Japan). The results of DSA, surface area and porosity measurements by nitrogen adsorption, SEM micrographs, XPS, and XRD are presented and discussed. The results of DSA are in agreement with the results of other methods and indicated the annealing of the subsurface structure irregularities of the samples. Transport properties of the samples were determined from the mobility of radon atoms released on sample heating in air. The decrease of radon permeability in the porous titania powders in the temperature range 850–1000∘Cdue to annealing of the subsurface structure irregularities, that served as radon diffusion paths in the samples, was evaluated from the DSA results.

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35

Drake, Nadia. "Atom & cosmos: Meeting notes: Bright spots after Titan's rain." Science News 181, no. 8 (April 12, 2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591810808.

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36

Serwicka, Ewa M. "ESR of Polycrystalline Titania Reduced at Room Temperature with H Atoms." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 166, Part_2 (January 1990): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1990.166.part_2.249.

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37

Loison, Jean-Christophe, Valentine Wakelam, Pierre Gratier, and Kevin M. Hickson. "Gas-grain model of carbon fractionation in dense molecular clouds." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 498, no. 4 (September 10, 2020): 4663–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2700.

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ABSTRACT Carbon containing molecules in cold molecular clouds show various levels of isotopic fractionation through multiple observations. To understand such effects, we have developed a new gas-grain chemical model with updated 13C fractionation reactions (also including the corresponding reactions for 15 N, 18O, and 34S). For chemical ages typical of dense clouds, our nominal model leads to two 13C reservoirs: CO and the species that derive from CO, mainly s-CO and s-CH3OH, as well as C3 in the gas phase. The nominal model leads to strong enrichment in C3, c-C3H2, and C2H in contradiction with observations. When C3 reacts with oxygen atoms, the global agreement between the various observations and the simulations is rather good showing variable 13C fractionation levels that are specific to each species. Alternatively, hydrogen atom reactions lead to notable relative 13C fractionation effects for the two non-equivalent isotopologues of C2H, c-C3H2, and C2S. As there are several important fractionation reactions, some carbon bearing species are enriched in 13C, particularly CO, depleting atomic 13C in the gas phase. This induces a 13C depletion in CH4 formed on grain surfaces, an effect that is not observed in the CH4 in the Solar system, in particular on Titan. This seems to indicate a transformation of matter between the collapse of the molecular clouds, leading to the formation of the protostellar disc, and the formation of the planets. Or it means that the atomic carbon sticking to the grains reacts with the species already on the grains giving very little CH4.

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38

Yang, Yang, Si Hui Zhan, Xi Chao Gao, Shan Shan Yang, Guang Yuan Ren, Yi Li, Jing Jing, and Hong Bing Yu. "Degradation of Toluene Using Modified TiO₂ as Photocatalysts." Advanced Materials Research 669 (March 2013): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.669.7.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), especially toluene as the typical indoor air pollutants, are toxic and environmentally persistent whose removal is undoubtedly becoming increasingly urgent matter over these years. Titania is one of the most promising photocatalysts for the degradation of organic compounds, whereas the large band gap of titania and massive recombination of photogenerated charge carriers limit its overall photocatalytic effciency. These defects can be tackled by modifying the electronic band structure of titania including various strategies like metal deposition, non-metal atoms substitution, transition metal ions doping, and coupling with a narrow band gap semiconductor, etc. This review encompasses several advancements made in these aspects, and also the influence factors such as physical morphologies changing, humidity, as well as the presence of O2 etc, are involved. To be practically considering, TiO2 photocatalysts require being ﬁxed on the bulky supports like silica, alumina, clays and activated carbons. Moreover, photocatalytic coatings deposited on external building materials, like rooﬁng tiles and corrugated sheets, is becoming the attractive application potentials to remove toluene from air.

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39

Shi, Li Jie, Ru Yang, Tao Liu, and Tian Dou Hu. "Crystal Structure Controlled Synthesis of Titania Nanocrystals in Liquid Media at Low Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.3.

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High concentrated hydrochloric/nitric/sulfuric acid were used to dissolve Ti(OH)4 produced with TiOSO4. It was found that, titania, from pure rutile phase to anatase-rutile mixed phase to pure anatase phase have been synthesized at low temperature in liquid media through controlling the hydrolyzation conditions. The phase composition and the special surface area of nanometer titania powder were characterized by means of XRD and BET. The K-edge fine structure of Ti atom sites of rutile TiO2 was investigated with grazing incidence reflection mode XAFS (EXAFS and XANES) spectroscopy. The well-crystal rutile TiO2 with fine particle size and high specific surface (above200m2/g) was formed at low temperature below 80°C, while the anatase TiO2 was formed at higher temperature in hydrochloric or nitric acid solution. But in sulfuric acid solution the crystal phase was always anatase at any temperatures. The EXAFS and XANES result showed that the order of the lattice, the coordination numbers of the Ti atom for the first shell, the second shell and the third shell as well as the relative intensity of K-preedge three peaks increased with the increase of the rutile TiO2 nanoparticle size.

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40

Wang, Hai Ying, Xiao Jun Xu, Jian Hong Wei, Rui Xiong, and Jing Shi. "Structure and Raman Investigations of Nitrogen-Doped TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays." Solid State Phenomena 181-182 (November 2011): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.181-182.422.

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The N-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared by electrochemical anodization and thermal annealing in ammonia flux. All the undoped and N-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays were pure anatase phase and the N-doped TiO2 shows obviously enhanced absorption intensity in the visible light region. The investigations on the low-frequency Eg anatase mode of Raman spectra verify that the crystallite size increases from 7.5 nm to 8.5 nm with the increase of the doped nitrogen temperature. The ratio of oxygen atoms to titanium atoms is 2.419 after titania being annealing in NH3 air stream. It could be concluded that the size effect and oxide vacancies introduced by nitrogen doping lead the great increase of UV-Vis absorption for N-doped TiO2 nanotubes.

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41

Hao, Bao Wei, Yuan Li, and Shi Zhao Wang. "Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Surface-Modified TiO₂." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.154.

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oleic acid-modified nano-titanium dioxide were synthesized by Oleic acid and tetrabutyl titanate via the sol-gel method, and characterized by IR TEM TG-DT A and XPS. Comparison with the data of the IR, the combination of carboxyl is chelating with Ti atoms. Based on the analysis of IR, TG-DTA and XPS, this paper suggests a model about the oleic acid-modified titanium dioxide nano-structure, and to provide a basis for future applications.

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42

Koseva, I., P. Peshev, S. Pechev, P. Gravereau, and J. P. Chaminade. "A New Strontium Lithium Titanium Oxide, SrLi2Ti6O14: Crystal Growth and Structure Determination." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-0507.

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A new strontium lithium titanate with composition SrLi2Ti6O14 has been discovered in the ternary system SrO - Li2O - TiO2. Single crystals of this compound have been grown by the flux method. The structure of SrLi2Ti6O14 has been solved using X-ray data (Mo-Kα radiation, orthorhombic, space group Cmca, Z = 8, with a = 16.570(5), b = 11.150(2), c = 11.458(2) Å , R1 = 0.039 (wR2 = 0.087)). The crystal structure is built by edge and corner sharing TiO6 octahedra which form layers parallel to the (100) plane. Consecutive layers [deduced from a mirror plane parallel to (100)] are linked by common corners in the a direction. Lithium atoms in tetrahedral coordination occupy vacancies of the framework of titanium octahedra, while strontium atoms lie in 11-coordinated sites between two successive layers.

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43

Gao, Xiang, Craig A. J. Fisher, Teiichi Kimura, Yumi H. Ikuhara, Hiroki Moriwake, Akihide Kuwabara, Hideki Oki, Takeshi Tojigamori, Rong Huang, and Yuichi Ikuhara. "Lithium Atom and A-Site Vacancy Distributions in Lanthanum Lithium Titanate." Chemistry of Materials 25, no. 9 (April 25, 2013): 1607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm3041357.

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44

Ji, G. J., W. Zhang, Z. M. Shi, and M. Li. "Atom diffusion and bonding behaviour between titania nanofilm and glass substrate." Materials Research Innovations 18, sup2 (May 2014): S2–700—S2–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1432891714z.000000000628.

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45

Ammal, Salai Cheettu, and Andreas Heyden. "Titania‐Supported Single‐Atom Platinum Catalyst for Water‐Gas Shift Reaction." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 89, no. 10 (September 5, 2017): 1343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201700046.

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46

Ataei, S. Samaneh, S. Javad Hashemifar, and Mohammad Reza Mohammadizadeh. "First-principles insights into role of hydrogen atom in black titania." Computational Materials Science 139 (November 2017): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2017.07.014.

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47

Padilla-Campos, Luis. "A theoretical investigation of occupation sites for tritium atoms in lithium titanate." Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 621, no. 1-2 (February 2003): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-1280(02)00538-9.

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48

López, T., A. Hernández, X. Bokhimi, L. Torres-Martinez, A. García, and G. Pecchi. "Sol-gel titania modified with Ba and Li atoms for catalytic combustion." Journal of Materials Science 39, no. 2 (January 2004): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jmsc.0000011512.77151.db.

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49

Masiello, Fabio, Tamzin A. Lafford, Petra Pernot, José Baruchel, Dean S. Keeble, Pam A. Thomas, Andrius Zukauskas, Gustav Strömqvist, Fredrik Laurell, and Carlota Canalias. "Investigation by coherent X-ray section topography of ferroelectric domain behaviour as a function of temperature in periodically poled Rb:KTP." Journal of Applied Crystallography 44, no. 3 (May 6, 2011): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889811012532.

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The behaviour of ferroelectric domains at high temperatures near the Curie temperature in a periodically poled rubidium-doped potassium titanyl phosphate crystal (Rb:KTP) has been studied by Bragg–Fresnel X-ray diffraction imagingin situusing a compact coherence-preserving furnace. The development and partial disappearance of the inverted domain structure as the temperature increases has been successfully modelled, and is explained by invoking a built-in electric field produced under heating in a low vacuum by out-diffusion of atoms from the sample.

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50

Morales, Bokhimi A., O. Novaro, T. López, E. Sánchez, and R. Gómez. "Effect of hydrolysis catalyst on the Ti deficiency and crystallite size of sol-gel-TiO2 crystalline phases." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 11 (November 1995): 2788–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.2788.

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We prepared sol-gel titania by using different hydrolysis catalysts, and characterized it by x-ray powder diffraction. The structure of the crystalline phases—brookite, anatase, and rutile—in the samples annealed between 70 and 900 °C was refined by using the Rietveld technique. From the refinement we obtained the structure parameters, the concentration of each phase, and their average crystallite size. These quantities and their evolution with temperature depended on the hydrolysis catalyst. Anatase and rutile were deficient in Ti, suggesting that their crystalline structure contained hydrogen atoms, forming OH− ions inside. In anatase this deficiency depended on its crystallite size, but it was constant in rutile. When anatase was annealed, it dehydroxylized, producing either crystallitc growing up or its conversion into rutile. From the analysis we also found the conditions for obtaining single-phase samples that could be used as precursors for making up titania single-phase thin films.

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