Academic literature on the topic 'Titanium Alloys - Aerospace Applications'

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Journal articles on the topic "Titanium Alloys - Aerospace Applications"

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Peters, M., J. Kumpfert, C. H. Ward, and C. Leyens. "Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Applications." Advanced Engineering Materials 5, no. 6 (June 26, 2003): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200310095.

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Boyer, Rodney R. "Aerospace applications of beta titanium alloys." JOM 46, no. 7 (July 1994): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03220743.

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Mantione, John, Matias Garcia-Avila, Matthew Arnold, David Bryan, and John Foltz. "Properties of Novel High Temperature Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Applications." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032104006.

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The attractive combination of strength and low density has resulted in titanium alloys covering 15 to 25% of the weight of a modern jet engine, with titanium currently being used in fan, compressor and nozzle components. Typically, titanium alloys used in jet engine applications are selected from the group of near alpha and alpha-beta titanium alloys, which exhibit superior elevated temperature strength, creep resistance and fatigue life compared to typical titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V. Legacy titanium alloys for elevated temperature jet engine applications include Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr, Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si and Ti-4Al-4Mo-2Sn-0.5Si. Improving the mechanical behavior of these alloys enables improved component performance, which is crucial to advancing jet engine performance. As a world leader in supplying advanced alloys of titanium, nickel, cobalt, and specialty stainless steels, ATI is developing new titanium alloys with improved elevated temperature properties. These improved properties derive from precipitation of secondary intermetallics in alpha-beta titanium alloys. ATI has developed several new alpha-beta titanium alloy compositions which exhibit significantly improved elevated temperature strength and creep resistance. This paper will focus on the effects of chemistry and heat treat conditions on the microstructure and resulting elevated temperature properties of these new aerospace titanium alloys.
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Batool, Syeda Ammara, Akhlaq Ahmad, Abdul Wadood, Abdul Mateen, and Syed Wilayat Hussain. "Development of Lightweight Aluminum-Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Applications." Key Engineering Materials 778 (September 2018): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.778.22.

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Aluminum (Al) and Titanium (Ti) based lightweight alloys have been a topic of discussion and research for a few decades now. Resulting alloys with hard intermetallic phases in Al-Ti binary system have good microstructural and mechanical properties including low densities, high specific strength, better resistance against oxidation and corrosion which are highly desirable in aerospace industry. Such an alloy system was studied in our research. Powder metallurgy (PM) was used as processing route because of its economical and easy operation. Samples were prepared using metallic powders of Aluminum (Al) and Titanium (Ti) with varying compositions of 95 at.% Al-Ti, 90 at.% Al-Ti and 88 at.% Al-10 at.% Ti-2 at.% SiC. After compaction, pressureless sintering was carried out at 620°C for several hours in Argon atmosphere followed by annealing resulting in a reasonably dense Al-Ti alloy. Microstructure and phase composition of alloy was analyzed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Hardness was evaluated by Vickers micro indentation test. An increase in hardness was observed. Sample containing reinforcement particles (SiC) demonstrated highest value of hardness.
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Khataee, A., H. M. Flower, and D. R. F. West. "New titanium-aluminum-X alloys for aerospace applications." Journal of Materials Engineering 10, no. 1 (December 1988): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02834112.

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Nabhani, Farhad. "Machining of aerospace titanium alloys." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 17, no. 1-2 (February 2001): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0736-5845(00)00042-9.

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Gomez-Gallegos, Ares, Paranjayee Mandal, Diego Gonzalez, Nicola Zuelli, and Paul Blackwell. "Studies on Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Application." Defect and Diffusion Forum 385 (July 2018): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.385.419.

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Since the development of the Ti54M titanium alloy in 2003, its application within the aerospace sector has gradually increased due to the combination of properties such as improved forgeability and machinability, low flow stress at elevated temperatures, and superplastic characteristics. However, for the successful exploitation of Ti54M a comprehensive understanding of its mechanical characteristics, microstructure stability, and superplastic behaviour is required. The superplastic forming of titanium alloys is characterised by high deformation at slow strain rates and high temperatures which influence the material microstructure, and in turn, determine the forming parameters. These mechanisms make the prediction of the material behaviour very challenging, limiting its application within the aerospace industry. Even though Ti54M has been commercially available for over 10 years, further studies of its mechanical and superplastic properties are still required with the aim of assessing its applicability within the aerospace industry as a replacement for other commercial titanium alloys. Therefore, in this work a study of the mechanical and superplastic properties of Ti54M, in comparison with other commercial titanium alloys used in the aerospace industry - i.e. Ti-6AL-4V, and Ti-6-2-4-2 - is presented. The final objective of this study, carried out at the Advanced Forming Research Centre (AFRC, University of Strathclyde, UK), is to obtain material data to calibrate and validate a model capable of estimating the behaviour and grain size evolution of titanium alloys at superplastic conditions.
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Levano, Oliver, Nicholas Weston, Jacob Pope, Adam Tudball, David Lunn, Gavin Baxter, and Martin Jackson. "FAST-forge of novel Ti-6Al-4V/Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo bonded, near net shape forgings from surplus AM powder." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032103010.

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Titanium alloys are used extensively in the aerospace sector due to the good combination of high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosive resistance. Many aerospace components are exposed to extreme service stress states and temperatures, which in some applications could compromise the component’s performance if a single titanium alloy is used. A potential solution to this issue could be the combination of dissimilar titanium alloys in subcomponent regions, achieved through consolidating powders via field assisted sintering technology (FAST-DB) and subsequent hot forging (FAST-forge). In this paper, near net shape titanium-titanium alloy demonstrator components are produced from oversized AM powders in just two hybrid solid-state steps; FAST-DB and hot forging.
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Williams, James C., and Rodney R. Boyer. "Opportunities and Issues in the Application of Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Components." Metals 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10060705.

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The metal titanium (Ti) and its alloys have many attributes which are attractive as structural materials, but they also have one major disadvantage, high initial cost. Nevertheless, Ti and Ti alloys are used extensively in airframes, gas turbine engines (GTE), and rocket engines (RE). The high cost is a deterrent, particularly in airframe applications, in that the other alloys it competes with are, for the most part, significantly lower cost. This is less of a concern for GTE and RE where the cost of titanium is closer to and sometimes even lower than some of the materials it competes with for these applications. In spacecraft the weight savings are so important that cost is a lesser concern. Ti and its alloys consist of five families of alloys; α-Ti, near α-alloys, α + β alloys, β-alloys, and Ti-based intermetallic compounds. The intermetallic compounds of primary interest today are those based on the compound TiAl which, at this time, are only used for engine applications because of their higher temperature capability. These TiAl-based compounds are used in a relatively low, but growing, amounts. The first production application was for low pressure turbine blades in the GE engine (GEnx) used on the Boeing 787, followed by the GE LEAP engine used on A-320neo and B-737MAX. These air foils are investment cast and machined. The next application is for the GE90X which will power the Boeing B-777X. These air foils will be made by additive manufacturing (AM). Unalloyed titanium and titanium alloys are typically melted by vacuum arc melting and re-melted either once (2X VAR) or twice (3X VAR); however a new and very different melting method (cold hearth melting) has recently become favored, mainly for high performance applications such as rotors in aircraft engines. This process resulted in higher quality ingots with a significant reduction in melt-related defects. Once melted and cast into ingots, the alloys can be processed using all the standard thermomechanical working and casting processes used for making components of other types of structural alloys. Because of their limited ductility, the TiAl-based intermetallic compounds are quite difficult to process using ordinary wrought methods. Consequently, the low-pressure turbine blades currently in service are investment cast and machined to net shape. The AM air foils will require minimal machining, which is an advantage. This paper describes some relatively recent developments as well as some issues and opportunities associated with the production and use of Ti and its alloys in aerospace components. Included are new Ti alloys, new applications of Ti alloys, and the current status of several manufacturing processes including a discussion of the promise and current reality of additive manufacturing as a potentially revolutionary method of producing Ti alloy components.
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Kloenne, Zachary, Gopal Viswanathan, Matt Thomas, M. H. Lorreto, and Hamish L. Fraser. "A Comparative Study on the Substructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of TIMETAL® 407 and Ti-64." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 11045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032111045.

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Titanium and titanium alloys are excellent candidates for aerospace applications owing to their high strength to weight ratio. Alpha/beta titanium alloys are used in nearly all sections of the aircraft, including the fuselage, landing gear, and wing. Ti-6Al-4V is the workhorse alloy of the titanium industry, comprising of nearly 60% of total titanium production. TIMETAL® 407, Ti-0.85Al-3.9V-0.25Si-0.25Fe (Ti-407) is an excellent candidate for alloy applications requiring excellent machinability and increased energy absorption. These properties are a result of the alloy’s increased ductility while maintaining moderate levels of strength. In this study, the deformation mechanisms of Ti-407 have been studied at high strain rates using split-Hopkinson bar testing. Utilizing post-mortem characterization, Ti-407 has been shown to deform significantly by ⟨c+a⟩ slip and deformation twinning. The observation of ⟨c+a⟩ slip is in contrast with other studies and will be discussed further.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Titanium Alloys - Aerospace Applications"

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Allan, Michael MacDonald. "β-recrystallisation characteristics of α + β titanium alloys for aerospace applications." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27502.

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Tourneroche, Paul. "Développement de mélanges chargés en poudres d'aluminure de titane pour moulage par injection et applications aéronautiques." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2057.

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La réduction de l’impact des activités humaines sur l’environnement est au sujet de nombreux programmes de recherche. Ainsi, dans le domaine du transport aérien a été créé le projet Clean-Sky, regroupant les thèmes de recherche associés. La thèse, partie de ce dernier, a pour objectif de réduire l’impact environnemental de la production de composants en alliages avancés à base de Titane. La production actuelle ayant une empreinte écologique non négligeable, un procédé de fabrication alternatif est étudié, il s’agit du moulage par injection de poudres métalliques. La première partie de cette consiste donc en la recherche d’une formulation de mélange optimale parmi les solutions classiques et innovantes. Elles sont triées en fonction de leurs aptitudes, déterminées par caractérisations physico-chimiques, à assurer le bon déroulement de chaque étape du procédé. Un nombre réduit de solution étant ainsi dégagé, il s’agit de passer aux étapes d’injection, de déliantage et de frittage. Plusieurs géométries de pièces sont testées dans chacun de ces cas, afin de valider l’adaptation aux différentes contraintes imposées. Lors de ces trois phases, des analyses physico-chimiques complètes permettent de mettre en avant la ou les formulations les plus aptes à permettre la production de ces composants. Une fois la solution fixée, chaque étape du procédé est optimisées, afin de faciliter le transfert industriel et d’assurer la rentabilité du nouveau processus de fabrication. Ces travaux de doctorat ont permis de mettre en avant deux formulations, répondant aux critères définis en début de thèse. Les étapes de mélange, injection, déliantage et frittage ont été optimisées et le transfert industriel est possible
Reducing the ecological footprint of human activities is, today, the aim of most of the research programs. In Europe, the « Clean Sky » project funds research activities to make air transport « greener ». This PhD, being part of it, is about improving production of Titanium Aluminide based components. Nowadays production having a strong environmental impact, an alternative way has been investigated: metal injection molding. The first step of this work was focused on a bibliographic study, to select relevant, common and innovative mixtures to be used in the process. Throughout the process, these mixtures have been tested, physically and chemically analyzed, to get data about the optimal mixture. Several components geometries have been tested, during injection, debinding, and sintering steps. Once the mixture(s) chosen, process’ parameters have been optimized to make industrial transfer easier, and lower its overall cost. The developments achieved during this PhD led to two qualified mixtures, and optimized mixing, molding, debinding and sintering steps
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Tuppen, S. J. "Resistance bonding of titanium based aerospace alloys." Thesis, Swansea University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639270.

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The current research was commissioned to assess the feasibility of fabricating bonds between a range of commercially available titanium based aerospace alloys, using a low-cost direct resistance heating technique. A novel methodology has been devised and implemented which utilises a Gleeble facility to produce controlled resistance bonds. The optimisation of bonding parameters required to produce high quality joints is discussed i.e. the effects of surface treatment, pressure, time, temperature and environment. Optimised bond conditions have been defined for joining Ti 6/4 to itself and TNB (gamma titanium aluminide) to itself, negating the requirement for specialised surface treatments. In addition, a collaborative venture with Birmingham University was established to incorporate novel surface treatments using an electrical discharge machining procedure. In this respect, Ti 6/4 and TNB bonding couples utilising integral copper recast surface braze layers have been suitably optimised. Finally, the bonding of the dissimilar alloy combination Ti 6/4 to Ni-Ti (shape memory alloy) has been attempted using butt welding (with and without a Cu-Ni interlayer) and eutectic bonding procedures. However, bonding of this material combination proved difficult and this specific pairing may be incompatible using the present technique. Metallographic sections, chemical composition and micro-hardness traverses across all bond lines are presented as evidence of the form and integrity of the resulting joints. The mechanical performance of the bonds was assessed under monotonic tensile loading conditions.
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Basterretxea-Gomez, A. "Development of improved α + β titanium aerospace alloys." Thesis, Swansea University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636052.

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The design of titanium alloys has been traditionally conditioned by the development of relatively “randomly textured” materials rendering isotropic mechanical properties. The present project aims to gain a deeper insight into this area. In particular, the influence that processing variables such as (1) the Rolling Temperature, (2) The Rolling Direction, (3) The Reduction Percentage and (4) Heat Treatments have on the microstructure/texture development and related mechanical properties is given special attention. Mechanical properties analysed in the present project include fatigue crack threshold and crack propagation testing, strain control low cycle fatigue testing, load control low cycle fatigue testing and load control high cycle fatigue testing. An increase of rolling percentage favours recrystallisation of the alpha phase and aligning of textures towards the transverse direction (TD). Heat treated plates show similar texture orientations to those obtained for the un-heat-treated material, with a slight decrease in texture intensities.  Material rolled uni-directionally above the beta transus shows strong basal-like texture. As the material is further rolled, now below the beta transus, textures start to become aligned towards the TD. Texture intensities drop substantially in the process. Samples tested at 90 degrees with respect to the rolling direction (RD) show higher threshold values than those tested at 0 degrees. The overall best crack initiation performance is associated to microstructures characterised by elongated alpha grains embedded in an intergranular beta phase. Equiaxed microstructures show poorer crack initiation performance. Samples tested in Strain Control at 90 degrees show higher stabilised stress ranges and lower fatigue performance than those tested at 0 degrees. The highest Load Control figure lives are obtained for samples tested at 0 degrees.
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Hoffmann, Ilona. "MAGNESIUM-TITANIUM ALLOYS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/36.

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Magnesium has been identified as a promising biodegradable implant material because it does not cause systemic toxicity and can reduce stress shielding. However, it corrodes too quickly in the body. Titanium, which is already used ubiquitously for implants, was chosen as the alloying element because of its proven biocompatibility and corrosion resistance in physiological environments. Thus, alloying magnesium with titanium is expected to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium. Mg-Ti alloys with a titanium content ranging from 5 to 35 at.-% were successfully synthesized by mechanical alloying. Spark plasma sintering was identified as a processing route to consolidate the alloy powders made by ball-milling into bulk material without destroying the alloy structure. This is an important finding as this metastable Mg-Ti alloy can only be heated up to max. 200C° for a limited time without reaching the stable state of separated magnesium and titanium. The superior corrosion behavior of Mg80-Ti20 alloy in a simulated physiological environment was shown through hydrogen evolution tests, where the corrosion rate was drastically reduced compared to pure magnesium and electrochemical measurements revealed an increased potential and resistance compared to pure magnesium. Cytotoxicity tests on murine pre-osteoblastic cells in vitro confirmed that supernatants made from Mg-Ti alloy were no more cytotoxic than supernatants prepared with pure magnesium. Mg and Mg-Ti alloys can also be used to make novel polymer-metal composites, e.g., with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to avoid the polymer’s detrimental pH drop during degradation and alter its degradation pattern. Thus, Mg-Ti alloys can be fabricated and consolidated while achieving improved corrosion resistance and maintaining cytocompatibility. This work opens up the possibility of using Mg-Ti alloys for fracture fixation implants and other biomedical applications.
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Kim, Tae-wŏn. "Failure processes in the superplastic forming of aerospace alloys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389112.

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Chapman, Tamara. "The effect of environment on fatigue mechanisms in aerospace titanium alloys." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/28997.

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Titanium alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry, owing largely to their high specific fatigue strength at temperatures approaching 550C. A highly adherent and repassivating oxide layer makes titanium alloys highly corrosion resistant in many environments; their presumed immunity to corrosion-enhanced fatigue in typical aerospace environments was another initial attraction. The inaccuracy of this assumption was first revealed in the 1960s. Later, numerous studies found titanium to be vulnerable to stress corrosion cracking, particularly in the presence of molten salts. This thesis concerns the fatigue behaviour of titanium alloys used for aeroengine gas turbine compressor discs, specifically Ti-6246 and IMI 834. This research originally arose from the unexpected premature cracking of a spinning rig test component, suffered by Rolls-Royce plc, with a mysterious blue spot at the fatigue crack origin. The same macroscopic appearance of the crack origin could also be found in some test specimens held within the company's specimen archives. Initial discussions led to a parallel investigation of (i) the blue spot origins and (ii) the rate of crack growth in subsurface, naturally initiated cracks. Chemical characterisation of the blue spot origin was undertaken using focussed ion beam-secondary ion mass spectrometry and scanning-transmission electron microscopy based energy dispersive X-ray analysis as the principle techniques. The blue spot cracking phenomenon is found to be due to a hot salt stress corrosion cracking mechanism. Evidence from chemical analysis on the fracture surface and adjacent specimen surface suggests that in the presence of moisture, stress and elevated temperatures, NaCl deposits react with and disrupt the protective titanium oxide scale, producing byproducts of sodium titanate and HCl(g). In subsequent reactions the HCl attacks the newly exposed bare titanium metal, forming volatile titanium chlorides and atomic hydrogen, as well as a regenerating cycle of gaseous HCl. The resulting hydrogen segregating to the crack tip causes the crack to advance in a brittle manner, until the finite supply of corrodant is exhausted leading to a transition back to conventional low cycle fatigue. Importantly, it is inferred that because HSSCC requires both low pressures (so the alloy chlorides are volatile) and high temperatures, this is a mechanism that will operate in spin rig tests and under laboratory conditions, but not in compressors during flights where the localised air pressure is much higher. Post-mortem examination of electron transparent specimens lifted directly from the fracture surface enabled comparisons of the dislocation morphology and density beneath a hydrogen assisted origin (blue spot), low cycle fatigue origin and low cycle fatigue propagation region. A distinct change in dislocation mechanism is observed in the presence of hydrogen, where a lower dislocation density is observed compared to the LCF origin and propagation region. The results are consistent with the hydrogen enhanced localised plasticity (HELP) mechanism, and reference is also made to the competing theories of hydrogen enhanced decohesion (HEDE) and adsorption induced dislocation emission (AIDE). X-ray microtomography was used to monitor the growth of naturally initiated surface and subsurface fatigue cracks in air and vacuum environments at elevated temperatures. Surprisingly, this appears to be the first time that naturally initiated subsurface fatigue cracks have been examined using synchrotron X-ray microtomography. It is found that subsurface cracks grow more slowly than surface breaking cracks, even in vacuum, whilst air-exposed cracks grow fastest of all. In all three cases, cracking initiates at the primary alpha grains. The topic is of interest, as while it has long been known that cracks grow more slowly in laboratory vacuum than in air, the vacuum found in a subsurface crack would be much better, and potentially so good that hydrogen could be desorbed from the matrix material.
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Mavros, Nicholas C. "Advanced Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Applications." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1527771497260907.

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Keralavarma, Shyam Mohan. "A micromechanics based ductile damage model for anisotropic titanium alloys." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2620.

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Lee, Wing-cheung, and 李永祥. "Functional coatings on Ti-6A1-4V and NiTi shape memory alloy for medical applications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4715052X.

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Due to its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties, Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been extensively used in the medical field, especially as a material for hard tissue replacement. Owing to the unique shape memory and superelastic properties, NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA, with 50.8 at.% of Ni) has been investigated for load-bearing applications in orthopedics and dentistry. Since the longevity of current metal implants is approximately 10 to 15 years, many patients need to have revision surgeries in their lifetime. Therefore, there is great interest in the long-term stability, biocompatibility, bioactivity and other properties of Ti-6Al-4V and NiTi SMA implants. Implant-associated infections also pose serious threat to the success of metal implants. The goal of this project was to investigate several low-temperature surface modification techniques, including anodization and electrochemical deposition, and formulate coatings for potential clinical applications. Accordingly, several types of coatings were synthesized on Ti-6Al-4V and NiTi SMA substrates. Various aspects of the coatings, such as morphology, chemical composition, crystallinity, phase and bioactivity, were analyzed. Firstly, a systematic study on the formation of titania nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V by anodization was performed. Anodizing voltage and time were varied for comparisons. A dense and compact titania nanotube layer was synthesized on Ti-6Al-4V by anodizing at 25 V for 20 min. The titania nanotubes formed were rutile. After annealing at 500oC for 1 h, the titania nanotubes became anatase. The anatase phase exhibited better wettability than the rutile phase. Secondly, dense and compact apatite coatings were formed on NiTi SMA samples through electrochemical deposition using mainly double-strength simulated body fluid (2SBF) as the electrolyte. The deposition conditions were varied and apatite coating characteristics studied. With the inclusion of collagen molecules (0.1 mg/ml) in the electrolyte (2SBFC), apatite/collagen composite coatings were fabricated. Collagen fibrils were not only observed on the surface of composite coatings but also were embedded inside in the coatings and at the coating-substrate interface. Results obtained from transmission electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the apatite crystals in apatite coatings and apatite/collagen composite coatings were calcium-deficient carbonated hydroxyapatite. Apatite/collagen composite coatings exhibited excellent hydrophilicity, whereas apatite coatings displayed hydrophobic surfaces. Finally, gentamicin-loaded, tobramycin-loaded, and vancomycin-loaded apatite coatings and apatite/collagen composite coatings were synthesized on NiTi SMA samples through electrochemical deposition using different drug concentrations in the electrolytes. A comparative study of apatite coatings and apatite/collagen composite coatings as drug delivery vehicles were conducted. Different aspects of antibiotic-loaded coatings (surface characteristics, chemical composition, wettability, etc.) and in vitro release behaviour were investigated. The antibiotics were physically embedded in coatings during coating formation. Upon sample soaking in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), the release profiles established for antibiotic-loaded coatings demonstrated different levels of initial burst release and subsequent steady release characteristics. Apatite coatings and apatite/collagen coatings displayed preferential incorporation of specific antibiotics. For instance, apatite/collagen coatings showed better vancomycin incorporation than apatite coatings and the incorporation of vancomycin was better than tobramycin for apatite/collagen coatings. Apatite coatings demonstrated better tobramycin incorporation than apatite/collagen composite coatings.
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Books on the topic "Titanium Alloys - Aerospace Applications"

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Zhishou, Zhu, and Wang Honghong, eds. Xian jin hang kong tai he jin cai liao yu ying yong: Advanced aeronautical titanium alloys and applications. Beijing Shi: Guo fang gong ye chu ban she, 2012.

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W, Lee Eui, Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Meeting, and Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Non-ferrous Metals Committee., eds. Light weight alloys for aerospace applications IV: Proceedings of the fourth "Light Weight Alloys for Aerospace Applications" Symposium : held February 10-13, 1997, during the 1997 TMS Annual Meeting in Orlando, Florida. Warrendale, Pa: Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1997.

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Davim, J. Paulo, R. Zitoune, and V. Krishnaraj. Machining of titanium alloys and composites for aerospace applications: Special topic volume with invited peer reviewed papers only. Durnten-Zurich: Trans Tech Publications, 2013.

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H, Froes F., Allen P. G, Niinomi M, Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Structural Materials Division., and Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Meeting, eds. Non-aerospace applications of titanium: Proceedings of the symposium sponsored by the Structural Materials Division of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, presented at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting in San Antonio, Texas, on February 16-19, 1998. Warrendale, Pa: TMS, 1998.

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V, Jata K., Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Non-ferrous Metals Committee., and Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Meeting, eds. Lightweight alloys for aerospace application: Proceedings of symposium sponsored by the Non-Ferrous Metals Committee of the Structural Materials Division (SMD) of TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), held at the TMS Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA, USA, February 12-14, 2001. Warrendale, Pa: TMS, 2001.

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1967-, Leyens C., and Peters M. 1950-, eds. Titanium and titanium alloys: Fundamentals and applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Sanchez, Pedro N. Titanium alloys: Preparation, properties, and applications. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Sha, Wei. Titanium alloys: Modelling of microstructure, properties and applications. Boca Raton: CRC, 2009.

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Wilkinson, C. High temperature cyclic behaviour of aerospace materials: room temperature validation tests of Ti-6Al-4V. Neuilly sur Seine, France: AGARD, 1994.

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A. K.M Nurul Amin. Titanium alloys - towards achieving enhanced properties for diversified applications. Rijeka, Croatia: INTECH, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Titanium Alloys - Aerospace Applications"

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Peters, M., J. Kumpfert, C. H. Ward, and C. Leyens. "Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Applications." In Titanium and Titanium Alloys, 333–50. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527602119.ch13.

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Peters, M., and C. Leyens. "Non-Aerospace Applications of Titanium and Titanium Alloys." In Titanium and Titanium Alloys, 393–422. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527602119.ch15.

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Bhattacharjee, A., B. Saha, and J. C. Williams. "Titanium Alloys: Part 2—Alloy Development, Properties and Applications." In Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies, 117–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2134-3_6.

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Williams, J. C. "Titanium alloys: production, behavior and application." In High Performance Materials in Aerospace, 85–134. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0685-6_3.

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Paul, J. D. H., M. Oehring, F. Appel, and H. Clemens. "Processing and Properties of Gamma Titanium Aluminides and their Potential for Aerospace Applications." In Lightweight Alloys for Aerospace Application, 171–81. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118787922.ch16.

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Kim, S. K., T. K. Kim, M. G. Kim, T. W. Hong, and Y. J. Kim. "Investment Casting of Titanium Alloys with CaO Crucible and CaZrO3Mold." In Lightweight Alloys for Aerospace Application, 251–60. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118787922.ch23.

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Nikbin, K. "Metallurgical and Fabrication Factors Relevant to Fracture Mechanism of Titanium-Aluminide Intermetallic Alloys." In Lightweight Alloys for Aerospace Application, 183–91. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118787922.ch17.

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Suresh, G., M. R. Ramesh, and M. S. Srinath. "Surface Engineered Titanium Alloys for Biomedical, Automotive, and Aerospace Applications." In Advances in Processing of Lightweight Metal Alloys and Composites, 89–102. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7146-4_5.

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El Baakili, Salwa, Abd Baghad, Meriame Bricha, and Khalil El Mabrouk. "Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys for Aerospace and Biomedical Applications." In Advances in Processing of Lightweight Metal Alloys and Composites, 433–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7146-4_24.

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Jackson, Martin, Richard Dashwood, Leo Christodoulou, and Harvey Flower. "The Application of a Novel Technique to Examine Sub-β Transus Isothermal Forging of Titanium Alloys." In Lightweight Alloys for Aerospace Application, 229–39. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118787922.ch21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Titanium Alloys - Aerospace Applications"

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Henriques, Vinicius André Rodrigues, Carlos Alberto Alves Cairo, Cosme Roberto Moreira da Silva, and C. Moura Neto. "Developing of New Titanium Alloys by Powder Metallurgy for Aerospace Applications." In SAE Brasil 2003 Congress and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3605.

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Taddei, E. B., V. A. R. Henriques, C. A. A. Cairo, and C. R. M. Silva. "Obtainment of Beta Titanium Alloys for Aerospace Applications by Powder Metallurgy." In 2006 SAE Brasil Congress and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-2639.

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Siemers, C., M. Bäker, and F. Brunke. "Advanced Titanium Alloys with Tailored Properties for Aerospace and Automotive Applications." In MS&T18. MS&T18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2018mst/2018/mst_2018_905_915.

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Siemers, C., M. Bäker, and F. Brunke. "Advanced Titanium Alloys with Tailored Properties for Aerospace and Automotive Applications." In MS&T18. MS&T18, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2018/mst_2018_905_915.

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Burkhart, Eve Taylor, and Larry Hefti. "Advancements of Superplastic Forming and Diffusion Bonding of Titanium Alloys for Heat Critical Aerospace Applications." In AeroTech. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0033.

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Keener, Steven G. "Advanced Low-cost Titanium-alloy Materials for Aerospace Fastener Applications." In Aerospace Technology Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-3839.

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Nithyanandam, J., K. Palanikumar, and Sushil Lal Das. "Fuzzy Rule Based Modeling for Surface Roughness in Machining of Titanium Alloy Using Nano Coated Carbide Inserts." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51458.

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Titanium and its alloys are used in many industrial and engineering applications because of their good properties, such as high strength to weight ratio, excellent fracture and corrosion resistance. The major application of titanium has been in the aerospace industry. When turning of titanium alloys with conventional tools, the tool wear rate increases, because of high chemical reactivity and strong adhesion between the tool and work piece materials. The nano coated carbide cutting tool is used for the turning experiment. The cutting parameter for the experimental works are cutting speed, feed rate, nose radius, and depth of cut. Fuzzy logic modeling is used for the prediction of surface roughness in machining of titanium alloy. From the results, the Fuzzy logic model is the best suited method for modeling the turning parameters of titanium alloy by using Nanocoated carbide tools.
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Churi, N. J., Z. C. Li, Z. J. Pei, and C. Treadwell. "Rotary Ultrasonic Machining of Titanium Alloy: A Feasibility Study." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80254.

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Due to their unique properties, titanium alloys are attractive for some unique applications especially in the aerospace industry. However, it is very difficult to machine these materials cost-effectively. Although many conventional and non-conventional machining methods have been reported for machining them, no reports can be found in the literature on rotary ultrasonic machining of titanium alloys. This paper presents an experimental study on rotary ultrasonic machining of a titanium alloy. The tool wear, cutting force, and surface roughness when rotary ultrasonic machining of the titanium alloy have been investigated using different tool designs and machining conditions. The results are compared with those when machining the same material with diamond grinding.
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Zhou, H., F. Li, B. He, J. Wang, and B. Sun. "Effect of Plasma Spraying Process on Microstructure and Microhardness of Titanium Alloy Substrate." In ITSC2007, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p0983.

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Abstract High temperature titanium alloys are considered as good candidate materials for many aerospace applications. In order to increase the usable temperatures and oxidation resistance of titanium alloys, plasma spraying thermal barrier coatings on the titanium alloys is considered as an effective method. The effect of plasma spraying process on microstructure and microhardness of the titanium alloy was investigated by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersion analytical X-ray spectroscopy and microhardness test. The results show that the microstructure of the titanium alloy inside the substrate keeps unchanged after plasma spraying, and no interaction and atomic diffusion happen evidently at the bond coat/substrate interface. However there exists a thin layer of plastic deformation zone in the substrate beneath the bond coat/substrate interface after plasma spraying. The residual stresses are induced inside the titanium alloy due to the thermal expansion mismatch and the temperature gradient inside the substrate during plasma spraying, and lead to generating microcracks in the surface beneath the bond coat/substrate interface and the increase of microhardness in the substrate.
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Srivastava, Anil K., and Jon Iverson. "An Experimental Investigation Into the High Speed Turning of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy." In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34205.

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Titanium and its alloys have seen increased utilization in military and aerospace applications due to combination of high specific strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, elevated-temperature performance and compatibility with polymer composite materials. Titanium alloys are difficult to machine due to their inherent low thermal conductivity and higher chemical reactivity with other materials at elevated temperatures. In general, temperature related machining difficulties are encountered at production speeds in the range of 60 m/min and high-speed machining of these alloys has created considerable interest to researchers, tool manufacturers and end users. This paper provides recent results obtained during turning operation with the aim of improving machinability of titanium alloys. Several tests have been conducted using (i) micro-edge prep geometry of the inserts, (ii) ultra-hard PVD coated, and (iii) nano-layered coated inserts and the effects of speeds and feeds during turning of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy are discussed. The initial tests have been conducted under orthogonal (2-D) cutting conditions with no coolant application. Based on these results, several oblique cutting (3-D) tests have been designed and conducted to study the effect of various types of ultra-hard and nano-layered coatings at higher cutting speeds under flooded coolant conditions. The effects of speed and feed on cutting force and tool wear are presented in this paper.
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Reports on the topic "Titanium Alloys - Aerospace Applications"

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Atwood, Clinton J., Thomas Eugene Voth, David G. Taggart, David Dennis Gill, Joshua H. Robbins, and Peter Dewhurst. Titanium cholla : lightweight, high-strength structures for aerospace applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/922082.

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Eylon, Daniel. Titanium Alloys and Titanium Aluminides for Automotive Applications, Japan, December 1 Through 13, 1993,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada292345.

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Brow, R. K., D. R. Tallant, and S. V. Crowder. Advanced materials for aerospace and biomedical applications: New glasses for hermetic titanium seals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/510597.

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