Journal articles: 'Titanium atoms'

1

Schwarze, Bernd, Wolfgang Milius, and Wolfgang Schnick. "Synthese und Kristallstruktur von [(Cl3Si)2N]2TiCl2 -ein perchloriertes N-Silyl-titanamid /Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [(Cl3Si)2N]2TiCl2 -a Fully Chlorinated N-Silyl Titanium Amide." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 52, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 819–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1997-0710.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The chlorinated titanium amides [(Cl3Si)2N]2TiCl2 (1) and (Cl3Si)2NTiCl3 have been synthesized selectively from hexachlorodisilazane lithium and TiCl4. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by single crystal X-ray methods at room temperature (P212121, a = 1232.4(2), b = 1265.5(2), c -1469.1(2) pm, Z = 4). The central titanium atom of 1 is bound to two nitrogen atoms and two Cl atoms and is weakly coordinated further by two Cl atoms of the trichlorosilyl groups.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Neumüller, Bernhard, Felora Heshmatpou, and Kurt Dehnicke. "Die Kristallstruktur von [(THF)2Li(μ2-Cl)2TiCl2(THF)2] / Crystal Structure of [(THF)2Li(μ2-Cl)2TiCl2(THF)2]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 51, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 602–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1996-0427.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The crystal structure of the title com pound has been determined by X-ray methods. Space group C2/c, Z = 4, lattice dimensions at -80 °C: a = 1343.8(2), b = 1031.6(1), c = 1669.4(1) pm, β = 96.47(1)°. The compound forms an ion pair in which the lithium atom is coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral geometry by two THF molecules and by two chlorine atoms. The halide atoms have a μ2-bridging function, coordinating the lithium and the titanium center. The titanium atom possesses a distorted octahedral environment with two THF ligands in trans-position.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Malič, Barbara, Iztok Arčon, Marija Kosec, and Alojz Kodre. "A structural study of amorphous alkoxide-derived lead titanium complexes." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 10 (October 1997): 2602–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0346.

Full text

Abstract:

We studied amorphous lead titanium alkoxide-derived heterometallic complexes, prepared from lead acetate and titanium n-propoxide or n-butoxide in parent alcohol medium. According to gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and thermogravimetric analysis with mass spectrometry of evolved species (TGA/EGA) analyses, the type of alkoxide group influences oxo or acetate bridging, as well as the amounts of hydroxyl and organic groups bound to the metal network. From XANES and EXAFS analysis, local environments of lead and titanium atoms were determined within the analyzed range of 3.4 Å. Local environments depend weakly on the type of alkoxide used. Titanium atoms are pentacoordinated. A Pb–Ti correlation is established with lead atoms bound to titanium atoms by oxygen linkages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Lv, Yanan, and Dong Chen. "A molecular dynamics study of nanoscale titanium nitrides formation in ferrite." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 10 (January 31, 2020): 2050099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920500992.

Full text

Abstract:

Molecular dynamics simulation was adopted to investigate the nanoscale titanium nitride formation at the early formation stage in high-strength low-alloy steel. During the cluster formation process, the nitride clusters were formed through the atom aggregation. The atomic interactions of titanium and nitride atoms were revealed and the cluster property was discussed. The nanoscale titanium nitride clusters own a wide composition, and the cluster formation mechanism was concluded.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Willke, Philip, Yujeong Bae, Kai Yang, Jose L. Lado, Alejandro Ferrón, Taeyoung Choi, Arzhang Ardavan, Joaquín Fernández-Rossier, Andreas J. Heinrich, and Christopher P. Lutz. "Hyperfine interaction of individual atoms on a surface." Science 362, no. 6412 (October 18, 2018): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat7047.

Full text

Abstract:

Taking advantage of nuclear spins for electronic structure analysis, magnetic resonance imaging, and quantum devices hinges on knowledge and control of the surrounding atomic-scale environment. We measured and manipulated the hyperfine interaction of individual iron and titanium atoms placed on a magnesium oxide surface by using spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy in combination with single-atom electron spin resonance. Using atom manipulation to move single atoms, we found that the hyperfine interaction strongly depended on the binding configuration of the atom. We could extract atom- and position-dependent information about the electronic ground state, the state mixing with neighboring atoms, and properties of the nuclear spin. Thus, the hyperfine spectrum becomes a powerful probe of the chemical environment of individual atoms and nanostructures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Wollert, René, Sigrid Wocadlo, Kurt Dehnicke, Helmut Goesmann, and Dieter Fenske. "Die Kristallstrukturen von (PPh4)2[TiCl3(NSiMe3)]2 • CH3CN und (PPh4)2[TiCl4(OSPCl2)]2 / The Crystal Structures of (PPh4)2[TiCl3(NSiMe3)]2 · CH3CN and (PPh4)2[TiCl4(OSPCl2)]2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 47, no. 10 (October 1, 1992): 1386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1992-1008.

Full text

Abstract:

(PPh4)2[TiCl3(NSiMe3)]2 · CH3CN has been prepared from [TiCl2NSiMe3)]∞ with PPh4Cl in acetonitrile solution as yellow crystals. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P T with one formula unit per unit cell, 3447 observed unique reflections, R = 0.053. Lattice dimensions at 200 K: a = 1030(1), b = 1253(1), c = 1374(1) pm, α = 77.46(8)°, β = 73.93(8)°, γ = 69.99(9)°. The structure consists of PPh4+ ions and centrosymmetric dimeric anions [TiCl3(NSiMe3)]22-, in which pentacoordinate titanium atoms are associated via the nitrogen atoms of the silylimido groups.(PPh4)2[TiCl4(OSPCl2)]2 has been prepared by the reaction of PPh [OSPCl2] with titanium tetrachloride in CH2C12 solution as orange crystals. (Space group P1̄, Ζ = 1, 3242 observed unique reflections, R = 0.033). Lattice dimensions at 193 K: a = 1114.8(2), b = 1190.6(2), c = 1218.7(2) pm, α = 72.18(1)°, β = 85.45(1)°, γ = 69.19(1)°. The structure consists of PPh4+ ions and centrosymmetric dimeric anions [TiCl4(OSPCl2)]22-, in which hexacoordinate titanium atoms are associated via two chlorine atoms. The OSPCl2- group is coordinated via the oxygen atom.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Marashdeh, Ali, Roar A. Olsen, Ole Martin Løvvik, and Geert-Jan Kroes. "NaAlH4Clusters with Two Titanium Atoms Added." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111, no. 23 (June 2007): 8206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp067083b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Zhmurin, P. N., A. N. Letuchii, and D. A. Shono. "Velocity distribution of sputtered titanium atoms." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 2 (February 1991): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00664753.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Sung, Si Young, Myoung Gyun Kim, and Young Jig Kim. "Titanium and Titanium Alloy Castings for Biomedical Application." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.617.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to optimize the economic net-shape forming of titanium and titanium alloys for the biomedical application. The alpha-case formation reaction between titanium, and Al2O3, ZrO2, CaO stabilized ZrO2 and ZrSiO4 mold were examined in a plasma arc melting furnace. Regardless of the thermodynamic approach, α-case formation reactions still remain to be eliminated with the complex chemical milling processes. The reason why the α-case generated cannot be explained by the conventional α-case formation mechanism. However, from the experimental results and thermodynamic consideration, it can be confirmed that the α-case is formed not only by interstitial oxygen atoms but also by substitutional metal atoms dissolved from mold materials. Based on the interstitial and substitutional α-case formation mechanism, α-case controlled net-shape forming of titanium and titanium alloys can be possible for the biomedical application.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Mguig, Basma, Monica Calatayud, and Christian Minot. "Theoretical Investigation of NO Oxidation over TiO2-Anatase." Surface Review and Letters 10, no. 02n03 (April 2003): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x03005281.

Full text

Abstract:

We present periodic DFT calculations to study the NO adsorption on stoichiometric (100) and (001) TiO2-anatase surfaces. The adsorption on the Ti atoms, involving an oxidation of the substrate, is very weak. The adsorption on the O atoms, involving a reduction of the substrate, is possible when these atoms are in terminal position. Then, nitrite and nitrates can be formed. The adsorption energy for their formation on an oxygen-terminated slab model is ten times larger than the molecular NO adsorption on a titanium atom.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Nguyen, Trung Thanh. "CO-OXIDATION REACTION ACTIVITY OF Pt CLUSTER CATALYSTS ON Ti0.9MO0.1O2 SUPPORT." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 4B (March 22, 2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/4b/12041.

Full text

Abstract:

Platinum-based heterogeneous catalysts are critical to many important commercial chemical processes. However, their efficiency is extremely low on a per metal atom basis, because only the surface active-site atoms are used. Catalysts with clusters of atom dispersions are thus highly desirable to increase atom efficiency, but making them is challenging. Here we report the synthesis of a catalyst that consists of isolated clusters of Pt atoms anchored to the surfaces of Molybdenum-doped titanium oxide nanocrystallites. This cluster-atom catalyst has extremely high atom efficiency and shows excellent stability and activity for CO oxidation. The result showed that the highest activity and stability of catalyst with 0.2 wt.% loading of Pt are observed. These could be due to the partially vacant 5d orbitals of the positively charged, high-valent Pt atoms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Plate, Michael, Gerlinde Frenzen, and Kurt Dehnicke. "Synthese und Kristallstrukturen der ionischen Kronenetherkomplexe [TiCl3(15-Krone-5)(CH3CN)][SbCl6) und [VCI(OH)(18-Krone-6)(CH3CN)2][SbCl6] · ½(18-Krone-6 · CH3CN) / Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Ionic Crown Ether Complexes [TiCl3(15-Crown-5)(CH3CN)][SbCl6) und [VCI(OH)(18-Crown-6)(CH3CN)2][SbCl6] · ½(18-Crown-6 · CH3CN)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 48, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1993-0205.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe title compounds were prepared by the reaction of titanium tetrachloride with 15-crown-5 and antimony pentachloride, and by the reaction of vanadium trichloride with 18-crown-6 and antimony pentachloride in the presence of traces of water in acetonitrile solution, respectively. The complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy and by X-ray structure determinations.[TiCl3(15-crown-5)(CH3CN)][SbCl6]: Space group Pnma, Z = 4, 1355 observed unique reflections, R = 0.035. Lattice dimensions at -80 °C: a = 1987(1), b = 1742.2(6), c = 111.0(2) pm. The compound consists of SbCl6- anions and cations [TiCl3(15-crown-5)(CH3CN)]+, in which the titanium atom is coordinated octahedrally by three chlorine atoms in facial arrangement, by the nitrogen atom of the acetonitrile molecule, and by two oxygen atoms of the crown ether molecule.[VCl(OH)(18-crown-6 )(CH3CN)2][SbCl6] · ½(18-crown-6 · CH3CN); Space group P 1̄, 3936 observed unique reflections, R = 0.714. Lattice dimensions at -80 °C: a = 1194.2(6), b = 1349.8(6), c = 1365.5(6) pm, α = 93.55(4)°, β = 111.23(4)°, γ = 93.15(4)°. The compound consists of SbCl6- anions, included 18-crown-6 and acetonitrile molecules, and cations [VCl(OH)(18-crown-6)(CH3CN)2]+, in which the vanadium atom is octahedrally coordinated by two nitrogen atoms of the acetonitrile molecules in trans positions, by a chlorine atom and a hydroxyl group in cis position, and by two oxygen atoms of the crown ether molecule. One of the acetonitrile molecules forms weak hydrogen bridges with two oxygen atoms of the included crown ether molecule as well as with one chlorine atom of the SbCl6- ion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Plyushchay, I. V., T. V. Gorkavenko, and O. I. Plyushchay. "Boron Impurity Effect on the Structural, Elastic, and Electronic Properties of Titanium Carbide." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 65, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe65.6.542.

Full text

Abstract:

Atomic, structural, and elastic properties of titanium carbide with the boron impurity have been studied in the framework of the density functional theory in the general gradient approximation, by using the software ABINIT. The calculations of the total energy of a TiC supercell with boron impurity atoms showed that the latter do not tend to form clusters in titanium carbide. The equilibrium distances between the adjacent planes of titanium atoms were found to increase in the presence of the boron impurity. The electronic spectra of TiC supercells with various numbers and positions of boron impurity atoms are analyzed. The presence of boron impurity atoms is found to result in the appearance of a subband of their electron states, which is located between the local electronic spectra of the 2s and 2p carbon states by about 0.24 Hartree below the Fermi level. The coordination positions of boron impurity atoms affect only the shape and half-width of their electronic subband. An insignificant increase in the electron density of states just below the Fermi level also takes place. The bulk modulus of a titanium carbide supercell with boron impurity atoms is calculated and analyzed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Jang, Jum Suk, Eun Sun Kim, Hyun Gyu Kim, Sang Min Ji, Youngkwon Kim, and Jae Sung Lee. "Nitrogen-doped titanium oxide microrods decorated with titanium oxide nanosheets for visible light photocatalysis." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 6 (June 2010): 1096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0133.

Full text

Abstract:

Nitrogen-doped titania with a unique two-level hierarchical structure and visible light photocatalytic activity is reported. Thus, nitrogen-doped titanium oxide microrods decorated with N-doped titanium oxide nanosheets were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction in NH4OH and postcalcination. During the calcination, the in situ incorporation of nitrogen atoms of ammonium ion into titania lattice was accompanied by the structural evolution from titanate to anatase titania. The morphological and structural evolution was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and adsorption isotherms. The N-doping brought visible light absorption, and the material exhibited high photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of Orange II under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 400 nm), especially when it was loaded with 1 wt% Pt as a cocatalyst.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Shohoji, N., and T. Marcelo. "Ordering of carbon atoms in titanium monocarbide." Materials Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 5-6 (March 1987): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(87)90068-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Enders, M., R. Rudolph, and H. Pritzkow. "Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Pentakis(dimethylsulfoxid)- oxo-titan(IV)chlorid / Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Pentakis(dimethylsulfoxide)-oxo-titanium(IV) Chloride." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 52, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1997-0411.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Pentakis(dimethylsulfoxide)-oxo-titanium(IV) chloride is obtained by reaction of titanium tetrachloride with a stoichiometric amount of water in dimethylsulfoxide. A single crystal structure determination (P1̄, a = 9.564(6), b = 10.504(7), c = 12.510(8) Å, α = 70.21(5), β = 83.48(5), γ = 89.82(5)°, V = 1174 Å3, Z = 2) shows a dicationic titanium(IV) complex with five dimethylsulfoxide ligands and one oxygen atom. The two chlorine anions are not bonded to the complex cation. The TiO6-fragment is a distorted octahedron, where five of the six oxygen atoms belong to the coordinated dimethylsulfoxide molecules.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Liu, Xue Jie, Ling Ling Zhao, Yuan Ren, Engelbert Westkaemper, Xin Tan, and Hui Ling Jia. "The Configuration and Evolution of Ti-Si-N Island on TiN(001) Surface: Ab Initio Study." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.301.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to study the evolution of Ti-Si-N film growth, the total energies and absorption energies of the Ti-Si-N islands on TiN(001) surface and the activation energy of the configuration evolution have been calculated with the first principle method. Four configurations of Si-2Ti-2N island have been studied, which are a silicon atom in a 2Ti2N island (Si-in-2Ti2N), a silicon atom by a 2Ti2N island (Si-by-2Ti2N), a titanium atom by a 2N1Ti1Si island (Ti-by-2N1Ti1Si), and a nitrogen atom by a 2Ti1N1Si island (N-by-2Ti1N1Si), respectively. The investigation presents some results. In the growth process of Ti-Si-N film, (1) the Ti and N atoms bonding together to form islands and Si atoms staying outside of TiN islands will lead to the most stable configuration; (2) the Si atom tends to separate from TiN phase, but the configuration evolution is not very easy, the activation energy of the transition from Ti-by-2N1Ti1Si to Si-2Ti2N is about 1.94eV; (3) it shows a tendency for Si atoms to bond with N atoms, rather than with Ti atoms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Kožíšková, Júlia Adamko, Martin Breza, Marián Valko, Peter Herich, Lukáš Bučinský, and Jozef Kožíšek. "Electronic structure of Schiff-base peroxo{2,2′-[1,2-phenylenebis(nitrilomethanylylidene)]bis(6-methoxyphenolato)}titanium(IV) monohydrate: a possible model structure of the reaction center for the theoretical study of hemoglobin." IUCrJ 8, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205225252100004x.

Full text

Abstract:

An extensive characterization of [Ti(C22H18N2O6)]·H2O was performed by topological analysis according to Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) from the experimentally (multipole model) and theoretically (DFT) determined electron density. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first example of an experimental electronic structure of a coordination compound in which a peroxo anion is bonded to a 3d central atom. The titanium coordination polyhedron could be described as a deformed tetrahedral pyramid if the midpoint of the peroxide O—O bond (side-on mode) is considered to be in the quasi-apical position. According to the multipole model (MM) results, the titanium atom has a positive QTAIM charge of 2.05 e− which does not correspond to the formal Ti (IV) oxidation state. On the other hand, the peroxo oxygen atoms O(1) and O(2) have MM QTAIM charges of −0.27 and −0.12, respectively. This asymmetric charge density distribution on the peroxo oxygens is in agreement with the distorted orientation of the O2 moiety with respect to the titanium atom. Despite the fact that the overall MM charge of the O2 moiety is more remote from the formal −2 charge than from neutral O2, the O—O distance remains close to that in the peroxo O2 2− anion. In the case of DFT results, the titanium atom charge is also found to be close to +2, the O2 x− moiety charge is around −1, the optimized O—O distance is shorter by only ca 0.04 Å than the experimental value of 1.5005 (16) Å, and the DFT d-populations on titanium are found to be lower than the experimental MM value. This study is the first experimental electronic structure of a transition metal peroxo complex.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Künnen, Bernd, Wolfgang Jeitschko, Gunter Kotzyba, and B. D. Mosel. "Crystal Structure and Properties of the Titanium Stannide Ti2Sn3." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 55, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2000-0512.

Full text

Abstract:

The recently reported binary stannide Ti2Sn3 is confirmed. Its structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: Cmca, a = 596.7(4), b = 1995(2), c = 701.3(4) pm , Z = 8, R = 0.027 for 817 structure factors and 30 variable parameters. The crystal structure is compared to that of V2GaSn2, which has the same space group symmetry and atomic positions. The Ga atoms of V2GaSn2 occupy those Sn positions of Ti2Sn3 which have the smaller coordination number. The two different titanium atoms of Ti2Sn3 have 11 neighbors of which 3 and 4, respectively, are titanium atoms. The three different tin atoms have 5 titanium with 8 or 10 additional tin neighbors. They show only a slightly broadened but unresolved 119Sn Mössbauer signal with an isomer shift reflecting the high tin content of this intermetallic compound and a relatively large quadrupole splitting of 2.10 mm·s-1. Ti2Sn3 is a good metallic conductor and a Pauli paramagnet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Li, Dong Mei, Zhi Hua Xiong, and Qi Xin Wan. "Density Functional Theory Study of Ti_nO_2n-mClusters (n=1-4, m=0,1)." Advanced Materials Research 507 (April 2012): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.507.79.

Full text

Abstract:

Using density functional theory, the equilibrium geometries of TinO2n and TinO2n-1 clusters (n=1-4) have been obtained. It suggests that the structures of these two corresponding clusters are changed slightly, except for the number of terminal oxygen atoms. The electronic properties have also been investigated. The bond between Ti and terminal oxygen atom is found to be more covalent than other Ti-O bonds. It also indicates that by deleting one terminal oxygen atom, HOMO is mainly derived from titanium atoms with least coordination, but not from singly-coordination oxygen atoms as that in the stoichiometric clusters. Highest energy levels of least-coordination Ti atoms shift highly and they become more reactive. In addition, HOMO-LUMO energy gaps and binding energies were observed. The calculated results show that the energy gaps decrease quickly, except for Ti4O7 clusters and all the binding energies are relatively large.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Ryan, James G., Stephen B. Brodsky, Tomio Katata, Makoto Honda, Naohiro Shoda, and Hideaki Aochi. "Collimated Sputtering of Titanium and Titanium Nitride Films." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 11 (November 1995): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400045553.

Full text

Abstract:

Collimated sputtering is a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method where a collimator is inserted between a conventional “full-face-erosion” sputtering target and a substrate (Figure 1). The collimator is a plate of hexagonal cells that acts as a filter to remove obliquely incident atoms before they arrive at the substrate. Only material with a nearly normal incidence trajectory may pass through the collimator and deposit on the substrate. Collimated sputtering was initially evaluated for conductor-level depositions in order to improve the filling of recessed features. Although the method has been successfully used to fill damascene structures, depositing thick conductor films is inefficient because most of the sputtered material is captured by the collimator, causing the collimator to clog quickly, necessitating frequent replacement.A more common use of collimated sputtering is associated with the deposition of thin “liner” films. For example, thin, collimated aluminum alloy films have been used as underlayers for aluminum reflow processes. Also, collimated Ti/TiN films are used as contact/adhesion layers for chemically vapor-deposited (CVD) W metallization. Collimation provides better bottom and sidewall coverage for small, high aspect-ratio features than conventionally sputtered films do.Coliimated sputtered films often exhibit unique properties because the angle of incidence of depositing atoms is controlled. Collimated AlMg alloys have superior electromigration resistance compared to noncollimated AlMg films. Collimated TiN films appear to exhibit denser grain structures when compared to films deposited with higher amounts of obliquely incident flux (Figure 2).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Smirnova, O. V., A. G. Grebenyuk, V. V. Lobanov, T. A. Khalyavka, N. D. Shcherban, M. V. Shapovalova, and V. V. Permyakov. "IR spectral manifestation of tin impurity sites in titanium dioxide." Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp12.03.184.

Full text

Abstract:

It is known that titanium dioxide as photocatalyst has significant drawback - limited absorption spectrum in the ultraviolet region makes it impossible to use solar energy. To expands the absorption spectrum of TiO2, the doping of impurities (metal, non-metal, etc.) were used. They affected the electronic structure and spectral characteristics of TiO2. The aim of our work was to investigate the influence of tin impurities on spectral characteristics of titanium dioxide using experimental and theoretical methods. The TiO2 powders modified by different amount of tin (Sn/TiO2) were synthesized by sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by SEM, EDX, FT-IR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. It has been found that Sn/TiO2 consists of fragmented agglomerates in the range of 5–10 mm. EDX spectroscopy prove that powders include Ti, O and Sn elements. Modification of titanium dioxide with tin leads to band gap narrowing of samples, which explains by insertion of Sn atoms into crystal lattice of titanium dioxide, because Ti4+ and Sn4+ ions radii are close. The band gap values increased with increasing of tin content. The work also analyzes the vibrational spectra of Sn/TiO2 both experimentally and theoretically. In order to interpret the results obtained, quantum chemical calculations on the spatial and electronic structures of cluster models of titanium dioxide (anatase) with inserted tin atoms using the density functional theory B3LYP method and the basis set 6-31G (d, p) were carried out and the corresponding FT-IR spectra have been simulated. By comparing the experimental and theoretical results, the influence has been analyzed of the number and arrangement of impurity tin atoms in clusters on the observed IR spectra of the samples. This makes it possible to forgive the most probable structural motives of titanium dioxide particles doped with tin atoms, as well as to establish the fact of the presence of tin atoms in the samples. Based on the comparison of the IR spectra of samples with different numbers of tin atoms, it is possible to quantify their composition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Gamm, Björn, Holger Blank, Radian Popescu, Reinhard Schneider, André Beyer, Armin Gölzhäuser, and Dagmar Gerthsen. "Quantitative High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of Single Atoms." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 1 (December 12, 2011): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611012232.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSingle atoms can be considered as the most basic objects for electron microscopy to test the microscope performance and basic concepts for modeling image contrast. In this work high-resolution transmission electron microscopy was applied to image single platinum, molybdenum, and titanium atoms in an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope. The atoms are deposited on a self-assembled monolayer substrate that induces only negligible contrast. Single-atom contrast simulations were performed on the basis of Weickenmeier-Kohl and Doyle-Turner form factors. Experimental and simulated image intensities are in quantitative agreement on an absolute intensity scale, which is provided by the vacuum image intensity. This demonstrates that direct testing of basic properties such as form factors becomes feasible.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Zhang, Wenqiang, Chuan Cheng, Peilin Fang, Bin Tang, Jindou Zhang, Guoming Huang, Xin Cong, Bao Zhang, Xiao Ji, and Ling Miao. "The role of terminations and coordination atoms on the pseudocapacitance of titanium carbonitride monolayers." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 6 (2016): 4376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp06986f.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

FREEMANTLE, MICHAEL. "Layered titanosilicate catalyst has five-coordinate titanium atoms." Chemical & Engineering News 74, no. 31 (July 29, 1996): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n031.p047.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Farina, Mario, and Cristiano Puppi. "Electrophilicity of titanium atoms supported on magnesium chloride." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 82, no. 1 (June 1993): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(93)80064-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Tuyet, Nguyen Thi Ngoc. "NEUTRAL AND CATIONIC TITANIUM-DOPED SILICON CLUSTERS: GROWTH MECHANISM AND STABILIT." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 6A (April 23, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/6a/12368.

Full text

Abstract:

We report ab-initio study on neutral and cationic titanium-doped silicon clusters TiSin0/+ (n = 1-10). The growth patterns for both neutral and charged clusters are revealed. The neutral TiSin clusters follow a consistent rule of addition: the larger TiSin cluster is built up by adding a Si atom on the smaller TiSin-1 cluster. However, the Ti atom prefers to substitute at a high-coordination position to form the cationic clusters. The neutral TiSin clusters is more stable than the pure Sin+1 clusters while the cationic TiSin+ is less stable than the pure ones. Both neutral and cationic clusters tend to loss Si atom rather than Ti atoms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Shteynberg, Leon. "INFLUENCE OF SUBSTITUTES ON THE RATE OF THE REACTION OF META- АND PARASUBSTITUTED BENZOIC ACIDS WTH ANILINE, CATALYZED BY POLYBUTOXYTITANATES." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 86, no. 6 (July 20, 2020): 108–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.86.6.2020.108-131.

Full text

Abstract:

The polybutoxytitanates catalysis of acylation of anilines by meta- and parasubstituted benzoic acid results in substituted benzanilides. The rate constants of this second-order reaction (the first in terms of aniline and substituted benzoic acid; boiling ortho-xylene, 145 °С) correlates well according to the Hammett equation with two straight lines for individual groups of substituents with ρ = 1.76 (electron donors) and 0.12 (electron acceptors). Oxybenzoic and phthalic acids, that do not react with aniline and inhibit the interaction of the latter with benzoic acid, fall out of this dependence. Based on these data, as well as the results of a previous studies of the interaction of substituted anilines with a benzoic acid made under comparable conditions, a mechanism of bifunctional catalysis due to the formation of titanium polybutoxybenzoates in the first minutes of the reaction in situ — the true catalysts of the process, is proposed. The nucleophilic center of the catalyst can be represented by the carbonyl group of a substituted benzoate bound to a titanium atom, forming an H-bond with hydrogen atoms of the amino group of aniline, thus activated to react with a substituted benzoic acid. The titanium atoms of polytitanate (coordination catalysis) and their complexes with the resulting substituted benzanilides (acid catalysis) can act as the electrophilic center of a catalyst that activates the carbonyl group of a substituted benzoic acid to nucleophilic attack by aniline. A titanium atom bound to a substituted benzoate exhibits, depending on the nature of the substituent, various catalytic activity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Shkvarin, A. S., A. I. Merentsov, Y. M. Yarmoshenko, N. A. Skorikov, and A. N. Titov. "Electronic Structure and Magnetic State of TiSe₂ Doped with Cr by Means of Intercalation or Substitution of Ti." Solid State Phenomena 168-169 (December 2010): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.168-169.380.

Full text

Abstract:

Solid solutions 1T-CrxTi1-xSe2 (x = 0-0,83) were synthesized. Single crystals in the concentration range x = 0-0.69 were grown. Structure of these materials was studied on single- and polycrystalline samples. It was determined that chromium atoms substitute for titanium atoms in the TiSe2 host lattice. XPS measurements of the core levels together with the resonance valence band spectra of the 1T-CrxTi1-xSe2, as well as absorption spectra of Ti and Cr were performed. According to the experimental XAS data and multiplet atomic calculation, titanium and chromium atoms have oxidation numbers of +4 and +3, respectively. The local magnetic moment of about 3 eV is detected at Cr atoms. A transition into the spin glass state is observed. The modeling calculations of chromium local density of states were carried out. These results are in a good agreement with the experimental ones and suggest that 3d density of electronic states of chromium that substitutes for titanium in the host lattice is spin polarized and has a half-metallic character.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ferdov, Stanislav, Uwe Kolitsch, Christian Lengauer, Ekkehart Tillmanns, Zhi Lin, and Rute A. Sá Ferreira. "Refinement of the layered titanosilicate AM-1 from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 11 (October 10, 2007): i186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053680704812x.

Full text

Abstract:

The structure of the layered noncentrosymmetric titanosilicate AM-1 (also known as JDF-L1, disodium titanium tetrasilicate dihydrate), Na4Ti2Si8O22·4H2O, grown as small single crystals without the use of organics, has been refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The H atom has been located for the first time, and the hydrogen-bonding scheme is also characterized by IR and Raman spectroscopy. All atoms are in general positions except for the Na, the Ti, one Ti-bound O, one Si-bound O and the water O atoms (site symmetries 2, 4, 4, 2 and 2, respectively).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Amosov, Aleksandr P., Evgeniy I. Latukhin, P. A. Petrov, E. A. Amosov, Vladislav A. Novikov, and A. Yu Illarionov. "Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Boron-Containing MAX-Phase." Key Engineering Materials 746 (July 2017): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.746.207.

Full text

Abstract:

An attempt was made to obtain boron-containing MAX-phase by the process of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of Ti3AlC2, replacing some carbon atoms by boron atoms. This was conducted by burning powder mixtures (charges) of the composition 3Ti+2Al+2((1-x)C+xB), where x is the fraction of boron atoms (0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.90), replacing the carbon atoms. X-ray diffraction analysis of the products of combustion have shown that the replacement of carbon with boron to half of the content of carbon atoms in the charge (x=0.10-0.50), does not change the phase composition of the products, including Ti3AlC2 and TiC, but leads to a shift of the peaks of these phases in the diffraction pattern in the direction of smaller angles. When replacing more than half of the carbon atoms with the boron (x=0.75 and 0.90), the peaks of titanium carbide and MAX-phase are not observed, and the XRD peaks appear of the titanium borides TiB and TiB2, and intermetallic compound Al3Ti. Photomicrographs obtained with an electron microscope show that the SHS products synthesized from the charge with replacing up to half of the carbon atoms with the boron represent plates with a thickness of about 1 μm typical for MAX-phases, but rounded particles of borides and intermetallic compound of titanium appear at a higher boron content. Based on these results, it is concluded that replacement of a part (up to 50%) of the carbon atoms with boron atoms in the SHS charge 3Ti+2Al+2C leads to the synthesis of boron-containing MAX-phase based on the crystal lattice of Ti3AlC2.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Gao, Peng, Libin Yang, Songtao Xiao, Lingyu Wang, Wei Guo, and Jinghao Lu. "Effect of Ru, Rh, Mo, and Pd Adsorption on the Electronic and Optical Properties of Anatase TiO2(101): A DFT Investigation." Materials 12, no. 5 (March 10, 2019): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12050814.

Full text

Abstract:

Adsorbed metal atoms and metal doping onto TiO2 can effectively enhance the optical and photocatalytic activity of photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide (TiO2), favoring the extension of its optical absorption spectrum and the efficiency of hydrogen generation. To investigate the possible mechanism causing potential improvement of photocatalytic activity, the electronic and optical properties of the anatase TiO2(101) plane with different adsorbed metal atom have been theoretically calculated through density functional theory (DFT) method. Adsorption of Pd and Ru atoms increases the delocalization of the density of states, with an impurity state near the Fermi level. Moreover, the investigated adsorbed metal atoms (Mo, Pd, Ru, Rh) narrow the band gap of anatase TiO2, thus enhancing the probability of photoactivation by visible light. The orbital hybridization of the d orbit from the adsorbed metal atom and the p orbit from the O of the defect site increases the Schottky barrier of the electronic structure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Calderazzo, Fausto, Guido Pampaloni, Martin Sperrlea, and Ulli Englert. "Electron-and Ligand-Transfer Reactions Involving N,N-Dialkylcarbamates. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of V2[η5-(C5H5)]2[O2CN(C2H5)2]4." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 47, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1992-0315.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Electron-and ligand-transfer reactions of low-valent organometallic compounds of titanium and vanadium with N,N-dialkylcarbamates of titanium(IV) are reported. The reaction of VCp2 (Cp = η5-cyclopentadienyl) with Ti(O2CNEt2)4 affords, inter alia, the dimeric vanadium(III) N ,N-diethylcarbamato derivative V2Cp2(O2CNEt2)4 which has been studied by X-ray diffraction methods. Crystal data; triclinic, space group P1̄ ; a = 10.802(2), b = 11.004(1), c = 8.960(1) Å; α = 112.879(9), β = 102.66(1), γ = 102.42(1)°; V = 902.3(6) Å3; Z = 1; F(000) = 368, ρcalc = 1.282 g cm-3; μ = 5.47 cm-1. It consists of a centrosymmetric dimer, the two vanadium atoms being surrounded by four oxygen atoms of the bridging N,N-diethylcar-bamato groups and by the cyclopentadienyl ligand. The metal atom exhibits a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry with the oxygen atoms occupying the basal plane. The reaction of TiCp2(CO)2 or Vmes2 (mes = η6-1,3 ,5 -Me3C6H3) with Ti(O2CNEt2)4 affords Ti(III) and V(III) N,N-diethylcarbamato derivatives by a simultaneous ligand-and electron-transfer reaction. Magnesium N ,N-diisopropylcarbamate, Mg(O2CNPri2)2, has been obtained by a ligand-transfer reaction between MgCp2 and Ti(O2CNPri2)3.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Pérez-Redondo, Adrián, and Avelino Martín. "Crystal structure of μ-oxido-1,1′κ2O:O-bis{tetra-μ-oxido-1:2κ2O:O;1:3κ2O:O;2:3κ4O:O-tris[1,2,3(η5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl]-trianglo-trititanium(IV)}." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 4 (March 21, 2015): m97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015004041.

Full text

Abstract:

The title polynuclear organometallic titanium(IV) oxide, [{Ti3(η5-C5Me5)3(μ-O)4}2(μ-O)], exhibits two Ti3O4cores bridged by an O atom located on a twofold axis. All metal centres present the typical three-legged piano-stool coordination environment, where one site is occupied by a pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand linked in an η5-coordination fashion, while three bridging O atoms fill the other three sites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Yan, Shu Qing, Jing Pei Xie, Wen Yan Wang, and Ji Wen Li. "Microstructure and Tensile Property of Zn-Al Alloy Reinforced with Titanium Produced by Electrolysis." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1415.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, some low-titanium aluminum alloys produced by electrolysis were prepared and the effect of various titanium contents on microstructure and tensile property of Zn-Al alloy was investigated. The test results showed that addition of titanium by electrolysis is an effective way to refine the grain size of Zn-Al alloy. As the titanium content is 0.04 wt%, the grain size becomes to be a minimum value and the tensile property of the alloy reaches to the maximum. Electrolysis showed that titanium atoms are to be some inherent particles in low-titanium aluminum alloy. These titanium atoms enter into the aluminum melt liquid and spread to the whole melt rapidly under stirring action of electromagnetic field of the electric current. The heterogeneous phase nuclei are high melting TiC and TiAl3 particles formed from in-situ precipitating trace C and Ti during cooling process. These in-situ precipitating heterogeneous nucleation sites with small dimension, high dispersity, cleaning interface and fine soakage with melt, have better capacity of heterogeneous nucleation than of exotic particles. It may inhibit grain growth faster and more effective in pinning dislocations, grain boundaries or sub-boundaries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Erben, Milan, Ivana Císařová, Michal Dušek, Jaromír Vinklárek, and Michal Picka. "Dibromido(η5,η5-propane-2,2-diyldicyclopentadienyl)titanium(IV)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 11 (October 10, 2007): m2699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807048921.

Full text

Abstract:

In the molecule of the title compound, [TiBr2(C13H14)], the TiIV centre is in a distorted tetrahedral environment involving two η5-bonded cyclopentadienyl rings of a propane-2,2-diyldicyclopentadienyl ligand [Ti—Cg = 2.045 (2) Å; Cg is the centroid of the cyclopentadienyl ring] and two Br atoms [Ti—Br = 2.5115 (7) Å]. The presence of the short 2,2-propylidene bridge between the two cyclopentadienyl rings constrains the Cg—Ti—Cg angle to a value of 121.32 (9)°. The Ti and central C atoms are located on a crystallographic C 2 axis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Zahari, Nur Ismarrubie, H. Yussof, and M. Sugano. "Fatigue Damage Mechanism of Titanium in Inert Environments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.225.

Full text

Abstract:

The fatigue damage of titanium has been studied on thin plate specimens subjected to alternating plane bending in argon gas. Fatigue strength in argon gas at Nf = 108 cycles was obtained to be 102 MPa. Fatigue behavior of titanium in argon gas has been attributed to the degradation of grain boundary cohesion with argon gas atoms/molecules. Fatigue cracks were propagated partly in intergranular mode. It has been plausible that argon gas atoms/molecules could penetrate into the distorted regions close to grain boundary through lattice defects and degrade grain boundary cohesion. Grain boundaries have been preferentially damaged in argon gas. The results in argon gas have been compared with those obtained in vacuum and in air.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Yang, K., M. Z. Cao, X. J. Wan, and C. X. Shi. "Trapping of hydrogen by titanium atoms in α-iron." Scripta Metallurgica 22, no. 9 (January 1988): 1373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0036-9748(88)80003-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Azaroual, E. M., P. Luc, and R. Vetter. "Realization and characterization of a beam of titanium atoms." Journal de Physique III 2, no. 6 (June 1992): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp3:1992167.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Chen, Ye-Xin, Jihua Zhang, and Wu Ziliang. "Trapping of nitrogen by titanium atoms in α-Fe." Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia 25, no. 6 (June 1991): 1405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-716x(91)90423-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Shao, Lei, Guoliang Xie, Hongying Li, Wanran Lu, Xiao Liu, Jiabin Yu, and Jinfeng Huang. "Combustion Behavior and Mechanism of Ti14 Titanium Alloy." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030682.

Full text

Abstract:

The combustion behavior and mechanism of Ti14 titanium alloy are studied by promoted ignition combustion tests at different oxygen pressures in this paper. The burning velocity increases at higher oxygen pressures and also increases with longer burning times instead of a constant at the same pressure. The Cu atoms are found enriched in two zones—i.e., the heat affected zone and melting zone during the combustion process—which can prevent the diffusion process of oxygen atoms. The different combustion behavior of Ti14 and Ti-Cr-V alloys is basically controlled by the characteristics of phase structures and chemical reactions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Rübenstahl, Thilo, Dorothea Wolff von Gudenberg, Frank Weller, Kurt Dehnicke, and Helmut Goesmann. "Die isoelektronischen Molekülkomplexe TiCl3(NPPh3) und TiCl3(OSiPh3) / The Isoelectronic Molecular Complexes TiCl3(NPPh3) and TiCl3(OSiPh3)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 49, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1994-0105.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractTiCl3(NPPh3) and TiCl3(OSiPh3) have been prepared from titanium tetrachloride and Me3SiNPPh3 and HOSiPh3, respectively. Both complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy and by crystal structure determinations. TiCl3(NPPh3): Space group R3̄̅, Z = 6, structure analysis with 959 observed unique reflections, R = 0.039. Lattice dimensions at -68°C: a = b = 1370.5(7), c = 1845.9(9) pm. TiCl3(OSiPh3): Space group P21/c, Z = 8, structure analysis with 4549 observed unique reflections, R = 0.049. Lattice dimensions at 19°C: a = 2127.7(2), b = 947.2(1), c = 2136.8(1) pm, β = 105.081(5)°. Both complexes form monomeric molecules in which the titanium atom is tetrahedrally coordinated by three chlorine atoms, the nitrogen atom of the phosphorone iminato ligand and the oxygen atom of the silyloxy group, respectively. The bond lengths TiN of 171.9(4) pm and TiO of 171.0(3) (in average) correspond to double bonds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Zhixi, Zhao, Liming Zhang, Ping Chen, and Yan Kun. "Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Al-MCM-48 and Ti-MCM-48." Open Materials Science Journal 9, no. 1 (October 22, 2015): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x01509010194.

Full text

Abstract:

Mesoporous sieves MCM-48 with hetero atom were synthesized by adding aluminum and titanium sources through hydrothermal method. The results showed that MCM-48 could be synthesized respectively by adjusting exactly the alkalinity of synthesis gel. The conversion rate of DIPB on Al-MCM-48 increased to 80% after 9 h and the selectivity of IPB was 97%. The conversion rate of styrene on Ti-MCM-48 increased to 9% after 8 h and the selectivity of benzaldehyde was 85%. The available active sites, which were introduced by aluminum and titanium atoms, were effectively utilized for catalyst reaction due to the presence of mesopores in Al-MCM-48 and Ti-MCM-48.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Watanabe, N., A. Y. Ramos, M. C. M. Alves, H. Tolentino, O. L. Alves, and L. C. Barbosa. "Titanium environment in TiO2–BaO–ZnO–B2O3 glasses by x-ray absorption spectroscopy." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 3 (March 2000): 793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0113.

Full text

Abstract:

The local environment of titanium in glasses of the system TiO2–BaO–ZnO–B2O3 was studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. In all glasses, for TiO2 content varying from 35 to 49 mol%, the titanium atoms are mainly fourfold coordinated network formers. For the glass with the highest titanium content, about 20% of the titanium enters into a sixfold environment, indicating the presence of precrystalline nuclei. These nuclei are responsible for the decrease of the optical performance of the glass above threshold titanium content, prior to any observable crystallization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Metel, Alexander, Sergey Grigoriev, Yury Melnik, Marina Volosova, and Enver Mustafaev. "Surface Hardening of Machine Parts Using Nitriding and TiN Coating Deposition in Glow Discharge." Machines 8, no. 3 (July 24, 2020): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines8030042.

Full text

Abstract:

Surface hardening of machine parts substantially improves their performance. The best results are obtained when combined hardening consists of surface nitriding and subsequent deposition of hard coatings. The nitriding of machine parts immersed in the plasma of glow coatings have been studied, and the study results are presented. Titanium atoms for coating synthesis are obtained via titanium evaporation in a hollow molybdenum anode of the discharge. Stable evaporation of titanium occurs only when the power density of electrons heating the liquid titanium does not exceed ~500 W/cm2. To start evaporation, it is only necessary to reduce the gas pressure to 0.02 Pa. To stop evaporation, it is enough to increase the gas pressure to 0.1 Pa. Fast argon and nitrogen atoms used for cleaning the machine parts, heating them, and bombarding the growing coating are obtained using a grid composed of plane-parallel plates under high negative voltage and immersed in plasma.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ohno, T. "Preparation of visible light active S-doped TiO2 photocatalysts and their photocatalytic activities." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 4 (February 1, 2004): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0250.

Full text

Abstract:

Although titanium dioxide photocatalysts having an anatase phase are a promising substrate for photodegradation of pollutants in water and air, their photocatalytic activities show only under UV light. To utilize solar light which has a large amount of visible light, the development of the photocatalysts whose activities show under visible light is one of the most important strategies. We have succeeded in synthesizing chemically modified titanium dioxide photocatalysts in which S (S4+) substitutes for some of the lattice titanium atoms. They show strong absorption for visible light and high activities for degradation of 2-propanol in aqueous solution and partial oxidation of adamantane in acetonitrile under irradiation at wavelengths longer than 440 nm. The oxidation state of the S atoms incorporated into the TiO2 particles is determined to be mainly S4+ from XPS spectra.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

de Graaf, Sytze, Jamo Momand, Christoph Mitterbauer, Sorin Lazar, and Bart J. Kooi. "Resolving hydrogen atoms at metal-metal hydride interfaces." Science Advances 6, no. 5 (January 2020): eaay4312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay4312.

Full text

Abstract:

Hydrogen as a fuel can be stored safely with high volumetric density in metals. It can, however, also be detrimental to metals, causing embrittlement. Understanding fundamental behavior of hydrogen at the atomic scale is key to improve the properties of metal-metal hydride systems. However, currently, there is no robust technique capable of visualizing hydrogen atoms. Here, we demonstrate that hydrogen atoms can be imaged unprecedentedly with integrated differential phase contrast, a recently developed technique performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Images of the titanium-titanium monohydride interface reveal stability of the hydride phase, originating from the interplay between compressive stress and interfacial coherence. We also uncovered, 30 years after three models were proposed, which one describes the position of hydrogen atoms with respect to the interface. Our work enables previously unidentified research on hydrides and is extendable to all materials containing light and heavy elements, including oxides, nitrides, carbides, and borides.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Weller, Frank, Fritjof Schmock, and Kurt Dehnicke. "Die Kristallstruktur des Phosphaniminato-Komplexes [TiCl3(NPPh3)•TiCl4]2 / Crystal Structure of the Phosphorane Iminato Complex [TiCl3(NPPh3)•TiCl4]2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 51, no. 9 (September 1, 1996): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1996-0924.

Full text

Abstract:

The title compound was prepared from Me3SiNPPh3 and an excess of titanium tetrachloride. It forms yellow-orange crystals, which were characterized by IR spectroscopy and by crystal structure determination. Space group P21/n, Z = 2; lattice dimensions at 20°C: a = 1189.2(1), b - 1718.5(1), c = 1238.1(1) pm, β = 93.363(7)°. The compound forms centrosymmetric dimers in which the titanium atoms are triply and doubly bridged by chlorine atoms to give face- and edgesharing octahedra, respectively. In the linear units [Ti]=N =PPh3 the Ti-N bond distance of 171.6(3) pm corresponds to a double bond.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Wang, Hai Ying, Xiao Jun Xu, Jian Hong Wei, Rui Xiong, and Jing Shi. "Structure and Raman Investigations of Nitrogen-Doped TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays." Solid State Phenomena 181-182 (November 2011): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.181-182.422.

Full text

Abstract:

The N-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared by electrochemical anodization and thermal annealing in ammonia flux. All the undoped and N-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays were pure anatase phase and the N-doped TiO2 shows obviously enhanced absorption intensity in the visible light region. The investigations on the low-frequency Eg anatase mode of Raman spectra verify that the crystallite size increases from 7.5 nm to 8.5 nm with the increase of the doped nitrogen temperature. The ratio of oxygen atoms to titanium atoms is 2.419 after titania being annealing in NH3 air stream. It could be concluded that the size effect and oxide vacancies introduced by nitrogen doping lead the great increase of UV-Vis absorption for N-doped TiO2 nanotubes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Blackmore, Caroline E., Neil V. Rees, and Richard E. Palmer. "Modular construction of size-selected multiple-core Pt–TiO2 nanoclusters for electro-catalysis." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 42 (2015): 28005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp00285k.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Titanium atoms'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles