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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Titanium chloride

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Academic literature on the topic 'Titanium chloride'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Titanium chloride"

1

Martinez, Ana Maria, Karin Sende Osen, Egil Skybakmoen, Ole Sigmund Kjos, Geir Martin Haarberg, and Kevin Dring. "New Method for Low-Cost Titanium Production." Key Engineering Materials 436 (May 2010): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.436.41.

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The present work deals with the investigation of an electrolytic method for titanium production that uses TiO2 enriched titania slag as raw material. The process involves two steps: i) carbothermal reduction of the slag to form titanium oxycarbide powder; and ii) electrolysis in a molten chloride-based electrolyte using a titanium oxycarbide consumable anode. Electrochemical studies show the stability of the different Ti species in the equimolar NaCl-KCl melt at 850oC. These results, together with previous work about the anodic oxidation mechanism of a consumable titanium oxycarbide anode in molten chlorides, allow us to optimize the anode and cathode voltages in the electrolysis experiments. The results show that best quality titanium deposits are obtained when the reduction occurs in a single electrochemical step, i.e. directly from di-valent titanium species to Ti metal. Then, the complete conversion of the Ti(III) ions released from the consumable oxycarbide anode to Ti(II) species by adding Ti sponge to the electrolyte, must be fulfilled.

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Narula, Suraj P., Sajeev Soni, Meenu Puri, Rishi D. Anand, and Jugal K. Puri. "Polyfluorophenylaminosilane–Titanium (IV) Chloride Adducts." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 181, no. 7 (June 1, 2006): 1647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500500366681.

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3

Gold, Helen J. "Bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) Chloride." Synlett 1999, no. 1 (January 1999): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1999-6184.

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4

Popov, B. N., M. C. Kimble, R. E. White, and Z. Koneska. "Anodic behavior of titanium in the presence of titanium(III) chloride in molten lithium chloride-potassium chloride eutectic melts." Corrosion Science 33, no. 1 (January 1992): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-938x(92)90022-u.

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5

Kagayama, Akifumi, Koji Igarashi, and Teruaki Mukaiyama. "Efficient method for the preparation of pinacols derived from aromatic and aliphatic ketones by using low-valent titanium reagents in dichloromethane-pivalonitrile." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-010.

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The reductive coupling reaction of aldehydes and ketones, including unsymmetrical aliphatic ketones, proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding pinacols in good to high yields under mild conditions by using combination of titanium(II) chloride and zinc or titanium(IV) chloride and zinc in dichloromethane-pivalonitrile. Meso-selective formation of the coupling products was observed in the cases of some aliphatic ketones. The diastereoselectivities of coupling products depend on both difference of bulkiness of 2-, and 2'-substituents of carbonyl group of the reactant, and overall steric effect around the carbonyl groups.Key words: diastereoselective pinacol reaction, dichloromethane-pivalonitrile, titanium(II) chloride, titanium(IV) chloride, zinc.

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K. ZH. DAKIEVA ,, ZH., B. TUSUPOVA,, V. A. SEDELEV,, S. A. GARMASHOVA,, R. S. BEISEMBAEVA,, A. P. TSYGANOV,, and A. S. KAISAROVA. "EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ADVERSE FACTORS OF TITANIUM-MAGNESIUM PRODUCTION." Bulletin of the National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan 3, no. 77 (October 15, 2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47533/2020.1606-146x.16.

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Іn order to clarify the nature of pathological changes in animals that develop under the influence of a complex of toxic gases and dust (titanium dioxide aerosol, titanium metal dust, titanium tetrachloride and its hydrolysis products, as well as chlorine and phosgene), we performed experimental studies directly in the conditions of titanium-magnesium production. This approach, from our point of view, can create the most profitable experimental model that allows for the maximum completeness of the corresponding clinical and experimental Parallels. Therefore, a series of experimental animals were placed on the territory of the three main workshops of JSC «CC TMK». The animals were placed in specially made cages of 25-26 heads each, which were installed at the level of the human respiratory system. Experimental animals of the control series of the experiment were kept on the territory of the plant, but at a considerable distance from the main production shops in a separate, clean, well-ventilated room. The animals of the control group were slaughtered at the same time as the experimental animals. These studies help in the development of evidence-based measures to improve the health of workers engaged in harmful working conditions. In such production conditions, workers often had acute respiratory infections, chronic bronchitis, etc.the degree of retention of compounds containing chlorine anion (chlorine, hydrogen chloride, titanium tetrachloride, phosgene, magnesium dihloride) was relatively high and ranged from 39-85%. At the same time, higher indicators of the degree of delay in all the main workshops were usually observed for gaseous substances (chlorine, hydrogen chloride, phosgene), which is probably due to their good solubility.

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Spasojevic, Miroslav, Tomislav Trisovic, Lenka Ribic-Zelenovic, and Pavle Spasojevic. "Development of RuO2/TiO2 titanium anodes and a device for in situ active chlorine generation." Chemical Industry 67, no. 2 (2013): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120414076s.

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Chlorine is used worldwide for water disinfection purposes. However, due to its toxicity the EU has imposed a set of standards that must be applied when transporting and storing chlorine. In Serbia, numerous studies have been conducted attempting to develop the technology for the generation of active chlorine disinfectant but with a non-toxic aqueous solution of sodium chloride as the raw material. This study provides an overview of the titanium anodes activated by thermally obtained solid solution of ruthenium and titanium oxide development. It also presents new findings on the effect of the temperature of thermal treatment, the composition, the thickness of an active coating on its microstructural properties, and consequently on the catalytic activity, ion selectivity, and corrosion stability during active chlorine generation through the electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride solutions at room temperature. The study also evaluates the effect of the kinetic and operational parameters of the electrochemical process of active chlorine generation on both current and energy efficiencies. The results obtained were used to determine optimal values of technological parameters of the production process. This comprehensive research resulted in the construction of different types of remote-controlled and fully automated active chlorine generating plants.

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Pratsinis, Sotiris E., Hebi Bai, Pratim Biswas, Michael Frenklach, and Sebastian V. R. Mastrangelo. "Kinetics of Titanium(IV) Chloride Oxidation." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 73, no. 7 (July 1990): 2158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05295.x.

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9

Dawson, Alice, Andrew Parkin, Simon Parsons, Colin R. Pulham, and Amy L. C. Young. "Titanium(IV) chloride at 150 K." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 58, no. 10 (September 27, 2002): i95—i97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536802016665.

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10

Rolland, Willy. "Electrodeposition of Titanium from Chloride Melts." ECS Proceedings Volumes 1987-7, no. 1 (January 1987): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/198707.0775pv.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Titanium chloride"

1

West, Richard Henry. "Modelling the chloride process for titanium dioxide synthesis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611241.

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Dring, Kevin Frederick. "Electrochemical reduction of titanium dioxide in molten calcium chloride." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8135.

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Rao, Kartik. "The electrochemical reduction of titanium oxides in molten calcium chloride." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501782.

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Lim, Boon-Cheng. "A study of organic treatments on titanium dioxide pigment for rigid poly(vinyl chloride)." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34209.

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The objective of this project was to investigate different types of organic compounds applied onto rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) and to determine how each of them affects the processing and properties of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The first part of the research was an initial study on three types of organic-coated pigments. Sample 1 consisted of 0.2 weight % trimethylol propane (TMP) and 0.5 weight % poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), whereas samples 2 and 3 were single coated with 0.3 weight % TMP and O.B weight % n-octyl-phosphonic acid (OPA), respectively. The dispersion behaviour of coated pigments in liquid paraffin and water indicated that sample 1 was hydrophobic, sample 2 was hydrophilic and sample 3 was amphipathic.

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Norikawa, Yutaro. "Electrodeposition of Titanium Metal from Fluoride–Chloride Mixed Molten Salts Consisting of Single Cations." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253387.

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6

Atbayga, Abdalla Mohammed Ali. "In vitro anti-bacterial activity of titanium oxide nano-composites containing benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1460.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Biomedical Technology In the Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences At Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2013
Newly developed and commercial dental resins which are commonly used nowadays have to be tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of a titanium oxide (TiO2) nano-composite which was prepared with different antibacterial substances and used as restoratives in dentistry to combat certain selected bacteria that are considered the principle causes of some tooth diseases, for example, tooth decay and to prevent unsuccessful dental restoration. The TiO2 nano-composite was prepared and divided into four groups: The first group was an untreated TiO2 nano-composite. The second group was silane-treated TiO2 nano-composite. The third group was treated TiO2 nano-composite which was combined with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHxG). The fourth group was treated TiO2 nano-composite which was combined with benzalkonium chloride (BzCl). Five of the selected bacteria were grown overnight in Petri dishes. Four of them, namely, Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 11775, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 12600, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) ATCC 29212, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) ATCC 10145, were grown on Müller-Hinton Agar (MHA). Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) ATCC 25175 was grown on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar. All these bacteria were tested against the TiO2 nano-composite, and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C, except S. mutans, which was incubated separately and exposed to CO2. It was placed into a CO2 water-jacketed incubator in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 for 24 hours at 37°C. The obtained results showed that neither of the groups of TiO2 nano-composites, (untreated TiO2 nano-composite and treated TiO2 nano-composite) exhibited antimicrobial activity against the pathogens. Only preparations of TiO2 nano-composites at a concentration of 3 %m/m of both CHxG and BzCl showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. Antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis and S. aureus, were only realized at a concentration of 10 %m/m for both CHxG and BzCl..

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7

Proxmire, Paul R. "The influence of aluminum salts on the retention of titanium dioxide when using cationic polyelectrolyte as a retention aid." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5533.

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8

Yoshikawa, Naruo. "The chemical and photochemical reactivity of modified and unmodified high area titania surfaces." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343010.

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9

Cezimbra, Ian Machado. "Indicadores na estimativa do fluxo de nutrientes no duodeno, produção fecal, consumo de concentrado e volumoso por bovinos /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95261.

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Orientadora: Telma Teresinha Berchielli
Banca: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida Teixeira
Banca: Paulo Henrique Moura Dian
Resumo: Os objetivos foram avaliar diferentes formas de dosagem de indicadores (infusão contínua 24h, e duas doses diária de indicador) e verificar sua precisão e acurácia para estimativa do fluxo duodenal de matéria seca (MS), consumo de concentrado, consumo de volumoso, produção fecal e digestibilidade aparente da MS em bovinos. No experimento 1, seis animais receberam os indicadores Cr-EDTA e YbCl3 através de uma bomba de infusão contínua, via fístula ruminal durante seis dias de adaptação nos dois períodos de 17 dias, enquanto os outros seis animais receberam os mesmos indicadores em duas dosagens diárias (8h e às 19h). No experimento 2, doze animais receberam os indicadores Cr-EDTA, YbCl3, LIPE®LÍQUIDO, FDNi e FDAi, em duas doses diárias que foram utilizados nas estimativas do fluxo duodenal de matéria seca (MS) pelo método de único e duplo indicador. Os indicadores TiO2 e LIPE®LÍQUIDO foram utilizados para estimativa do consumo de concentrado, produção fecal, digestibilidade aparente e os indicadores internos, FDNi e FDAi para estimar consumo de volumoso, produção fecal e digestibilidade. No experimento 1, o delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualisado em parcelas subdivididas com dois tratamentos em dois períodos. No experimento 2, o delineamento foi o de blocos em parcelas subdivididas. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste tukey a 5%. No experimento 1 não foram observadas diferenças entre as formas de fornecimento dos indicadores (P>0,05). No experimento 2, a FDNi estimou o fluxo de digesta no duodeno e a produção fecal e o consumo de volumoso. A estimativa do consumo de volumoso através do FDNi e FDAi foram semelhantes ao observado (P>0,05). O TiO2 e LIPE®LÍQUIDO foram acurados na estimativa do consumo de concentrado
Abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate by two metabolism trials different ways to dose markers (by continuous infusion for 24 hours and by two doses of marker per day) and also to study the accuracy and reliability of differents markers to estimate duodenal flow of nutrients concentrate intake, roughage intake, fecal production and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) in cattle. Twelve crossbred heifers were used in both experiments with average body weight of 361.7kg ± 59 and approximately 24 months of age, cannulated in the rumen and duodenum. In experiment 1, six animals received the markers Cr-EDTA, YbCl3 by continuous infusion via ruminal fistula in two periods of 17 days, while the other six animals received the same markers in twice daily dosing (8 and 7hours). In experiment 2, animals received the twelve markers twice daily during the experimental periods. Markers Cr-EDTA, YbCl3, LIPE®LIQUID, iNDF and iADF were used in the estimation of duodenal flow of nutrients by the method of single and double markers. Markers TiO2 and LIPE®LIQUID were used to estimate concentrate intake, fecal output, digestibility of DM and internal markers, iNDF and iADF to estimate forage intake, digestibility and fecal production. In experiment 1, a split plot design was used with two treatments (supply), six replicates in two periods. In experiment 2, the experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots, where the markers were considered as treatments. In both experiments, the means were compared by Tukey test at 5%. In experiments 1, there were no differences between the ways to supply the marker (P>0.05). In experiment 2, the iNDF was the best variable to predict digest flow in the duodenum and fecal production. iNDF and iADF were not d significantly different when the average intake of roughage were compared with the observed. The TiO2 was not significantly different... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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10

Cezimbra, Ian Machado [UNESP]. "Indicadores na estimativa do fluxo de nutrientes no duodeno, produção fecal, consumo de concentrado e volumoso por bovinos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95261.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cezimbra_im_me_jabo.pdf: 403634 bytes, checksum: 681b906dd316ae6be3a89341b3d7a0cc (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os objetivos foram avaliar diferentes formas de dosagem de indicadores (infusão contínua 24h, e duas doses diária de indicador) e verificar sua precisão e acurácia para estimativa do fluxo duodenal de matéria seca (MS), consumo de concentrado, consumo de volumoso, produção fecal e digestibilidade aparente da MS em bovinos. No experimento 1, seis animais receberam os indicadores Cr-EDTA e YbCl3 através de uma bomba de infusão contínua, via fístula ruminal durante seis dias de adaptação nos dois períodos de 17 dias, enquanto os outros seis animais receberam os mesmos indicadores em duas dosagens diárias (8h e às 19h). No experimento 2, doze animais receberam os indicadores Cr-EDTA, YbCl3, LIPE®LÍQUIDO, FDNi e FDAi, em duas doses diárias que foram utilizados nas estimativas do fluxo duodenal de matéria seca (MS) pelo método de único e duplo indicador. Os indicadores TiO2 e LIPE®LÍQUIDO foram utilizados para estimativa do consumo de concentrado, produção fecal, digestibilidade aparente e os indicadores internos, FDNi e FDAi para estimar consumo de volumoso, produção fecal e digestibilidade. No experimento 1, o delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualisado em parcelas subdivididas com dois tratamentos em dois períodos. No experimento 2, o delineamento foi o de blocos em parcelas subdivididas. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste tukey a 5%. No experimento 1 não foram observadas diferenças entre as formas de fornecimento dos indicadores (P>0,05). No experimento 2, a FDNi estimou o fluxo de digesta no duodeno e a produção fecal e o consumo de volumoso. A estimativa do consumo de volumoso através do FDNi e FDAi foram semelhantes ao observado (P>0,05). O TiO2 e LIPE®LÍQUIDO foram acurados na estimativa do consumo de concentrado
The objectives of this study were to evaluate by two metabolism trials different ways to dose markers (by continuous infusion for 24 hours and by two doses of marker per day) and also to study the accuracy and reliability of differents markers to estimate duodenal flow of nutrients concentrate intake, roughage intake, fecal production and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) in cattle. Twelve crossbred heifers were used in both experiments with average body weight of 361.7kg ± 59 and approximately 24 months of age, cannulated in the rumen and duodenum. In experiment 1, six animals received the markers Cr-EDTA, YbCl3 by continuous infusion via ruminal fistula in two periods of 17 days, while the other six animals received the same markers in twice daily dosing (8 and 7hours). In experiment 2, animals received the twelve markers twice daily during the experimental periods. Markers Cr-EDTA, YbCl3, LIPE®LIQUID, iNDF and iADF were used in the estimation of duodenal flow of nutrients by the method of single and double markers. Markers TiO2 and LIPE®LIQUID were used to estimate concentrate intake, fecal output, digestibility of DM and internal markers, iNDF and iADF to estimate forage intake, digestibility and fecal production. In experiment 1, a split plot design was used with two treatments (supply), six replicates in two periods. In experiment 2, the experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots, where the markers were considered as treatments. In both experiments, the means were compared by Tukey test at 5%. In experiments 1, there were no differences between the ways to supply the marker (P>0.05). In experiment 2, the iNDF was the best variable to predict digest flow in the duodenum and fecal production. iNDF and iADF were not d significantly different when the average intake of roughage were compared with the observed. The TiO2 was not significantly different... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Books on the topic "Titanium chloride"

1

Traut, D. E. Coreduction of TiCl₄, AlCl₃, and VCl₄ to produce titanium alloy sponge. Pittsburgh Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Hansen, Dennis A. Solubility of AlCl₃ in TiCl₄ and VCl₄. [Pittsburgh, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1986.

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Weikle, Donald H. TiCl₄ as a source of TiO₂ particles for laser anemometry measurements in hot gas]. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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J, Slavens G., and Hansen Dennis A, eds. Coreduction of TiClb4s, AlClb3s, and VClb4s to produce titanium alloy sponge. Pittsburgh Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Crevice corrosion behaviour of titanium grades-2 and -12 in hot aqueous chloride solution: The effect of chloride concentration. Pinawa, Man: AECL, Whiteshell Laboratories, 1996.

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Singh, Gursaran. Dissolution of titanium and iron during leaching of ilmenite in H2SO4 or hydrogen chloride. 2005.

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Ri, Chang-seop. Surface structural studies of the titanium/chlorine system. 1990.

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TiCl₄ as a source of TiO₂ particles for laser anemometry measurements in hot gas. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Titanium chloride"

1

Narula, Suraj P., Hemant K. Sharma, and Om Dutt Gupta. "Titanium(II) Chloride." In Inorganic Syntheses, 181–82. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132555.ch52.

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Ingraham, T. R., K. W. Downes, P. Marier, Z. Z. Hugus, and Stanley Steiger. "Titanium(III) Chloride." In Inorganic Syntheses, 52–56. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132371.ch16.

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Groeneveld, W. L., G. P. M. Leger, J. Wolters, R. Waterman, and A. L. Mcclelland. "Titanium(III) Chloride." In Inorganic Syntheses, 45–50. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132388.ch11.

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Sherfey, J. M., and Rolf B. Johannesen. "Titanium(III) Chloride and Titanium(III) Bromide." In Inorganic Syntheses, 57–61. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132371.ch17.

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Hüttner, W. "195 ClTi X 4Φi Titanium chloride." In Diamagnetic Diatomic Molecules. Part 1, 271. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69954-5_197.

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Hermes, Ann R., Gregory S. Girolami, and Richard A. Andersen. "An Active form of Titanium(III) Chloride." In Inorganic Syntheses, 309–10. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132630.ch50.

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Wang, Qiuyu, Guojing Hu, Shuqiang Jiao, and Hongmin Zhu. "The Equilibrium between Titanium Ions and Metal Titanium in Fluoride- Chloride." In Electrometallurgy 2012, 103–9. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118371350.ch11.

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Song, Jianxun, Liwen Hu, Qiuyu Wang, Shuqiang Jiao, and Hongmin Zhu. "Activities of Titanium Ions in Molten Calcium Chloride." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 541–44. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093381.ch68.

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Song, Jianxun, Liwen Hu, Qiuyu Wang, Shuqiang Jiao, and Hongmin Zhu. "Activities of Titanium Ions in Molten Calcium Chloride." In 6th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 541–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48217-0_68.

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Lakshmanan, V. l., R. Sridhar, T. Sheikhzeinoddin, M. A. Halim, and R. Roy. "Extraction of Titanium and Vanadium by Chloride Leach Processes." In T.T. Chen Honorary Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, Electrometallurgy and Materials Characterization, 295–301. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118364833.ch26.

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Conference papers on the topic "Titanium chloride"

1

Yang, Yucheng, Frank Fabian, Janice McKenzie, Kristyna Hyblova, and Qin Ma. "The Size Distribution of Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Variation of Acid-to-Microcellulose Crystals Ratio and Reaction Time Through Catalyzed Acid Hydrolysis." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23653.

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Abstract Literature has shown that cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) which are produced through hydrochloric (HCl) acid hydrolysis catalyzed by inorganic chlorides can enhance the mechanical properties of organic polymers further than CNCs by pure HCl acid hydrolysis. The results have shown that the level of reinforcement may be negatively correlated to the dissociation constant of the inorganic chlorides. However, titanium tetrachloride’s dissociation constant is 1.3, lower than that of ferric chloride, 2.2, which is the lowest dissociation constant among the four inorganic chlorides that have been studied. Therefore, for this study, titanium tetrachloride was investigated along with ferric chloride. The only two variables in this study are reaction time and acid-to-microcellulose crystals (MCCs) ratio. The results of laser diffraction spectroscopy (LDS) show that the resultant solutions exhibit binomial size distributions which contain both MCCs and CNCs. At acid-to-MCCs ratio of 40 for ferric chloride, any increase in reaction time above 1.5 hours did not result in size reduction. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results of CNCs showed that the catalyzed hydrolysis did not change the molecular structure of MCCs. The color of CNCs varies with increasing reaction time, but, based on the FTIR and LDS results, the color is not an indication of CNCs’ size nor their chemical composition.

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Ishikawa, K., T. Suzuki, Y. Kitamura, and S. Tobe. "Corrosion Resistance of Thermal Sprayed Titanium Coating with Resin Seal in Chloride Solution." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0203.

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Abstract Corrosion behavior of a flame sprayed titanium coating sealed by some resins was investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution by an electrochemical polarization measurement and an immersion test. The composition and structure of the sprayed film was also analyzed by SEM and EPMA. Although an as-sprayed titanium had no resistance to the corrosion because of its porosity, the sprayed titanium sealed with epoxy or silicon resin showed an excellent resistivity against the chloride corrosion. In spite that almost half amount of the titanium changed to oxide, nitride and carbide through the gas flame spraying, the conversion of the metal to the compounds had little effect to decrease the corrosion resistivity. The sprayed and sealed titanium coating obtained by a conventional onsite thermal spraying is expected as an economical material for chloride containing environments.

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Maulana, Eka, Nainaufal Hidayah, and Onny Setyawati. "Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silver chloride (AgCl)-based pH sensor using spin coating method." In 2017 International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics, Intelligent Manufacture, and Industrial Automation (ICAMIMIA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icamimia.2017.8387597.

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Oliveira, M. A. S., A. Boschetti, and M. S. Vilela. "Hot Oxidation Studies for the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy at Environmental Atmosphere." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51539.

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Surfaces of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy were submitted to a cleaning process using hot water and a cleaning agent aqueous solution used to clean up gas turbine compressors. Following the cleaning process, the Ti-6Al-4V surfaces were submitted to hot oxidation at temperatures of 400 and 800 °C, under environmental atmosphere, and different time t (t = 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 hours). After the heat treatment, potentiodynamic tests were performed on the titanium alloy surfaces exposed to a sodium chloride containing aqueous solution. The morphology of the surfaces and of the cross-section of the oxidized alloy was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and the phases developed on the surfaces during the hot oxidation experiments were investigated by X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD). The corrosion process on the oxidized surfaces exposed to chloride containing solutions increased with the oxidizing temperature. Contrastingly, the corrosion of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surfaces submitted to hot oxidation at 400 °C and exposed later to the chloride containing aqueous solution increased with time while the opposite was observed for those surfaces hot corroded at 800 °C. This difference in behavior was ascribed to the difference of phases developed on the titanium alloy surfaces during the hot oxidation process at 400 and 800 °C, respectively.

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Pascualinotto Junior, Vagner, and Diego Felipe Sarzosa Burgos. "Fatigue Life Estimation Using Frequency Domain Technique and Probabilistic Linear Cumulative Damage Model." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21536.

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Abstract Engineering critical structures, such as pressure vessels and pipelines, are designed to withstand a variety of in-service loading specific to their intended application. Random vibration excitation is observed in most of the structural component applications in the offshore, aerospace, and nuclear industry. Likewise, fatigue life estimation for such components is fundamental to verify the design robustness assuring structural integrity throughout service. The linear damage accumulation model (Palmgren-Miner rule) is still largely used for damage assessment on fatigue estimations, even though, its limitations are well-known. The fact that fatigue behavior of materials exposed to cyclic loading is a random phenomenon at any scale of description, at a specimen scale, for example, fatigue initiation sites, inclusions, defects, and trans-granular crack propagation are hardly predicted, indicates that a probabilistic characterization of the material behavior is needed. In this work, the methodology was applied to a Titanium alloy structural component. Low alloyed titanium alloys have no tendency to corrosion cracking in high-temperature high-pressure water containing impurities of chloride and oxygen found in a steam generator of nuclear power plants. The inherent uncertainties of the fatigue life and fatigue strength of the material are characterized using the random fatigue limit (RFL) statistic method. Furthermore, a frequency domain technique is used to determine the response power spectrum density (PSD) function of a structural component subjected to a random vibration profile excitation. The fatigue life of the component is then estimated through a probabilistic linear damage cumulative model.

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Shen, H., Q. Wen, and K. C. Lifer. "An Experimental Analysis on Rubber-Metal Contact Stress Corrosion in Seawater." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67437.

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Rubber components for liquid sealing are widely used in corrosive environments such as marine applications or food-processing equipment. Corrosion is found more frequently at the rubber-metal contact area or its adjacent area than non-contact area in certain situation. While the role of rubber components in corrosion is not fully understood, the deterioration of rubber in aqueous environments may release chloride or acid to accelerate the corrosion process. Contact stress and local liquid entrapment may also affect the corrosion process. In this work, corrosion of rubber parts in combination with different metals and different contact pressure in seawater is studied experimentally. Metals used include titanium, bronze, nickel, aluminum, stainless steel, and 4130 steel. O-rings with different cross section shapes are used to study the role of different contact area shapes in corrosion process. The contact area of rubber components and the metals are designed to have different contact stress. It is found that the corrosion of metals is accelerated by interaction with rubber and contact stress in seawater. The corrosion initiates from the contact area of metals with rubber O-rings. Different materials show different corrosion behaviors in seawater.

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Preve´y, Paul S., Nayarananan Jayaraman, and Ravi Ravindranath. "Fatigue Life Extension of Steam Turbine Alloys Using Low Plasticity Burnishing (LPB)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22995.

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Low Plasticity Burnishing (LPB) dramatically improves the damage tolerance of titanium alloy blades, mitigating blade-disk dovetail fretting and blade edge damage in gas turbines. LPB surface treatment of martensitic stainless steels Alloy 450 and 17-4PH subject to corrosion fatigue and pitting in the low-pressure sections of stream turbines has now been investigated. Condensation in the low-pressure steam turbine environment supports corrosion pitting and corrosion fatigue in martensitic stainless steels, primary failure mechanisms driving steam turbine repair and operational expense. Chloride corrosion fatigue results with and without high kf surface damage are compared for LPB, shot peened, and machined 17-4PH; and for ground and LPB treated Alloy 450. The depth and magnitude of compression achieved by the surface treatments are documented. LPB increased the undamaged fatigue strength of 17-4PH by 30% in neutral salt solution, and of Alloy 450 in acidic salt by 50%. In both alloys LPB mitigated damage to the 1 mm depth of compression. The cyclic stress corrosion component of corrosion fatigue was eliminated by the deep LPB compression, effectively restoring the endurance limit lost in active corrosion fatigue in both alloys.

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Jian-qun, Tang, and Jianming Gong. "Leakage of 316Ti SS Pipeline Transporting 98% H2SO4 due to CUI and Changed Microstructure From Welding." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63090.

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With the properties of good mechanical strength, excellent resistance to uniform corrosion and superior weldability, austenitic stainless steels are widely used in petrochemical industries. Among them, 316Ti austenitic stainless steel is a titanium stabilized version of 316 molybdenum-bearing steel. The addition of titanium can greatly increase the resistance to sensitization and significantly reduces the susceptibility to the formation of chromium carbides. So, 316Ti stainless steel is more resistant to general corrosion and pitting/crevice corrosion as well as intergranular corrosion, it is even more resistant to sensitization as compared to low carbon 316L stainless steel. Based on these advantages, 316Ti stainless steel pipelines are chosen to transport 98% H2SO4 in one factory. The pipelines for transporting concentrated H2SO4 were manufactured by welding segments of 316Ti stainless steel pipes. The external surface of the pipelines was insulated to maintain heat and prevent crystallization as well as for safety and health reasons. After being in use for about two years, leakage occurred on one pipe and concentrated H2SO4 was seeping from the pits on the pipeline. The investigation about leakage was carried out. The results show that leakage was caused by corrosion under insulation (CUI) and the pits formed by CUI are just located on the welding arc contact zone (WACZ) of the base metal caused by the welder’s faulty operation during welding the joints. The external surface metal of the pipe contacted by the welding arc was partially re-melted by arc heat, which solidified in air and finally formed into another new microstructure that is completely different from that of 316Ti stainless steel. The microstructure in re-melting and solidification zone of the pipe is similar to that of cast metal and didn’t experience any heat treatments. This has less resistance than austenite in 316Ti stainless steel. As a result of the continuous rainy days in the summer, the insulation on the external surface of the pipe was dampened or wetted, which made moisture penetrate and accumulate between the insulation and the pipe, finally resulting in CUI. At the same time, the accumulation and concentration of chloride from the insulation as well as the relatively high temperature in summer, greatly increased the corrosion rate of metal under insulation. Therefore, the presence of the less resistant microstructure in the re-melting and solidification zone, together with the dampened or the wetted insulation, as well as existence of chloride, made the external surface metal of the pipe under the insulation suffer from corrosion, finally resulting in the occurrence of the leakage. The concentrated H2SO4 which was seeping from the pipeline was easily diluted by the moisture or water trapped in insulation. The diluted H2SO4 is a strong corrosive medium, which in turn made the metal around the pits heavily corroded.

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MIYAOKA, H., T. KUZE, H. SANO, H. MORI, G. MIZUTANI, N. OTSUKA, and M. TERANO. "RAMAN SPECTRA OF TITANIUM DI-, TRI-, AND TETRA-CHLORIDES." In Proceedings of 2000 International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811387_0070.

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Chen, Daming, Diego A. Vasco, Mario Di Capua H., and Amador M. Guzmán. "Electrorepulsion in Nanofluids: Experimental Characterization for a Stable Behavior." In ASME 2019 6th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2019-3980.

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Abstract The present work in nanofluids is focusing into using the electro-kinetic phenomenal occurring around nanoparticles immersed in a base fluid as a method to stabilize a nanofluid and enhance its thermal conductivity. The electro-kinetic physic establishes, that when an electrolyte solution is in contact with a solid, an electric double layer (EDL) is produced on the solid surface. Due to the high concentration of ions with the same charge around of the particle surface, “it is possible to stabilize a nanofluid by the action of an electro repulsive force caused by ions over the nanoparticle surface and enhance its thermal conductivity as the concentration of the solutions increases”. The nanofluid samples were prepared by the two-step method and a continuous ultrasonication. 1wt% and 3wt% concentration (mass fraction) of Titanium oxide, Anatase (TiO2) nanoparticles, is added in an electrolyte solution (base fluid) made of different concentration of Potassium Chloride (KCl), and deionized water. The pH of the base fluid is maintained constant adding HEPES as a buffering agent. To measure the different level of stability for the nanofluid we used the thermal conductivity enhancement of the base fluid by nanoparticles. The experimental results under controlled temperature condition show that an electrolyte solution with nanoparticles after 20 days of preparation, presents a higher thermal conductivity with respect to the base fluid with an improvement rate ranging from 0.43±0.12% to 0.72±0.12% for 1wt%, and 2.15±0.17% to 3.03±0.21% for 3wt% of nanoparticles added respectively. The higher improvement shows sign of a major level of homogeneity of the nanofluid, and this behavior seems to be directly proportional to the KCl concentration.

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