Journal articles: 'Titanium chloride. Solvents'

1

Kantlehner, Willi, Reiner Aichholz, and Martin Karl. "Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, LXXIV [1]. Umsetzung von N,N,N´,N´-Tetramethyl-chlorformamidiniumchlorid mit Metallen." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 67, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2012-0404.

Full text

Abstract:

N,N,N’,N’-Tetramethyl-formamidinium chloride (2a) reacts with elemental sodium in various solvents to give N,N,N’,N’,N’’,N’’-hexamethyl-guanidinium chloride (4a). The reaction of 2a with potassium affords N,N,N’,N’,N’’,N’’,N’’’,N’’’-octamethyl-oxamidinium dichloride (3a). From the reaction of 2a with magnesium in different solvents in general result mixtures of the salts 4a, 3a and N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-formamidinium chloride (10a). The composition of these mixtures depends on the solvent and the reaction temperature. Similar results are obtained, when a zinc/copper couple is used instead of magnesium. Very likely from 2a and magnesium or zinc, respectively, organometallic intermediates 11, 12 are formed which could be trapped by aromatic aldehydes and phenylisocyanate. The salt 2a can be reductively coupled by a low-valent titanium reagent to give the oxamidinium salt 3a.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Wamhoff, Heinrich, Helmut Koch, Rolf Förster, Christiane Herrmann, Sanaa M. S. Atta, M. Refat Mahran, and Mahmoud M. Sidky. "Zum Photoabbau von l-(4-Chlorphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazoll- ylmethyl)-pentan-3-ol (Folicur®) [1] / On the Photodegration of l-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-l-ylmethyl)-pentan-3-ol (Folicur®) [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 49, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1994-0221.

Full text

Abstract:

The photodegradation of the 1,2,4-triazole fungicide Folicur 1 in different organic solvents (benzene, ether, methylene chloride, methanol) and water, in absence and in presence of a singlet oxygen sensitizer (methylene blue) has been studied. The photometabolites formed in organic solvents, have been separated by column chromatography (with isolation of 4 -7 , 13 and 14) and in the case of benzene as solvent as well with the aid of HPLC (isolated: 4 -7 , and five additional products 8-12). Photodegradation of 1 in water leads to the formation of only two photoproducts: 4 and 17 (separated only by HPLC). Identification has been achieved by spectroscopic methods and comparison (of retention times, UV and mass spectra) with authentic samples. Furthermore, the kinetics of the photodegradation of 1 in benzene and water (also after addition of titanium dioxide) has been established by HPLC-UV/VIS-technique. The interpretation of the kinetics allows conclusions towards the photodegradationmechanism, which is discussed in the paper. As expected, the addition of the photocatalyst titanium dioxide leads to a significant acceleration of the photodegradation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Suzuki, Hitomi, Hajime Manabe, Rika Enokiya, and Yasuaki Hanazaki. "Preparation and Reactions of Titanium(III) Chloride Solubilized in Inert Organic Solvents." Chemistry Letters 15, no. 8 (August 5, 1986): 1339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1986.1339.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

KARIM, Wrya O., Jamil A. JUMA, Khalid M. OMER, Nawzad N. AHMAD, Dana A. KADER, Brwa B. TOFIQ, and Shujahadeen B. AZIZ. "Novel Electropolishing of Pure Metallic Titanium in Choline Chloride-Based Various Organic Solvents." Electrochemistry 89, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.20-00120.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

YOSHIMURA, Chozo, and Kiyoshige MIYAMOTO. "Potentiometric titration of selenic and Telluric acids with titanium(III) chloride in nonaqueous solvents." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 5 (1985): 888–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1985.888.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Gau, Han-Mou, Chung-Shin Lee, Chu-Chieh Lin, Ming-Ke Jiang, Yuh-Chou Ho, and Chun-Nan Kuo. "Chemistry of Ti(OiPr)Cl3with Chloride and Oxygen-Containing Ligands: The Roles of Alkoxide and Solvents in the Six-Coordinate Titanium Complexes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 118, no. 12 (January 1996): 2936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja952730q.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Mao, Xue Hua, and Dai Jun Liu. "Solvent Extraction and Stripping of Tetravalent Titanium from Acidic Chloride Solutions by Trioctylphosphine Oxide." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.616.

Full text

Abstract:

The solvent extraction and stripping of titanium(Ⅳ) from acidic chloride solutions by trioctylphosphine oxide（TOPO） in kerosene has been investigated. The solvent extraction results demonstrate that the extracted titanium is present as TiCl4.2TOPO. The kinetics of the extraction process is very fast, since the equilibrium is reached in 5 min. In addition, the extraction of titanium (Ⅳ) increases with the total chloride concentration in the aqueous phase, as well as with the extractant concentration in the organic phase. The loading capacity of TOPO for titanium (Ⅳ) is 4.60g/100g TOPO. The stripping results show that when the O/A phase radio changing from 1 to 10, titanium (Ⅳ) is completely stripped from the mental loaded organic phase of TOPO with 1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. Thus titanium (Ⅳ) can be enriched to tenfold concentration by the stripping.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Giesen, Kai, Ingo Spahn, and Bernd Neumaier. "Thermochromatographic separation of 45Ti and subsequent radiosynthesis of [45Ti]salan." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 326, no. 2 (October 10, 2020): 1281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-020-07376-2.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Due to its favorable decay properties, the non-standard radionuclide 45Ti is a promising PET isotope for tumor imaging. Additionally, titanium complexes are widely used as anti-tumor agents and 45Ti could be used to study their in vivo distribution and metabolic fate. However, although 45Ti can be obtained using the 45Sc(p,n)45Ti nuclear reaction its facile production is offset by the high oxophilicity and hydrolytic instability of Ti4+ ions in aqueous solutions, which complicate recovery from the irradiated Sc matrix. Most available 45Ti recovery procedures rely on ion exchange chromatography or solvent extraction techniques which are time-consuming, produce large final elution volumes, or, in case of solvent extraction, cannot easily be automated. Thus a more widespread application of 45Ti for PET imaging has been hampered. Here, we describe a novel, solvent-free approach for recovery of 45Ti that involves formation of [45Ti]TiCl4 by heating of an irradiated Sc target in a gas stream of chlorine, followed by thermochromatographic separation of the volatile radiometal chloride from co-produced scandium chloride and trapping of [45Ti]TiCl4 in a glass vial at − 78 °C. The recovery of 45Ti amounted to 76 ± 5% (n = 5) and the radionuclidic purity was determined to be > 99%. After trapping, the [45Ti]TiCl4 could be directly used for 45Ti-radiolabeling, as demonstrated by the successful radiosynthesis of [45Ti][Ti(2,4-salan)].

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Zhu, Zhaowu, Wensheng Zhang, and Chu Yong Cheng. "A literature review of titanium solvent extraction in chloride media." Hydrometallurgy 105, no. 3-4 (January 2011): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.11.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ma, Chunlei, Xianghai Guo, and Peng Bai. "Solvent Extraction of Titanium(IV) with Organophosphorus Extractant from Chloride Solutions." Asian Journal of Chemistry 26, no. 8 (2014): 2277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.15697.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Kessler, Monty, Christian Godemann, Anke Spannenberg, and Torsten Beweries. "Crystal structures of twoansa-titanocene trifluoromethanesulfonate complexes bearing the Me2Si(C5Me4)2ligand." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 12 (November 22, 2016): 1833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016018363.

Full text

Abstract:

The crystal structures of twoansa-titanocene trifluoromethanesulfonate complexes bearing the Me2Si(C5Me4)2ligand are reported, namely [dimethylbis(η5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)silane](trifluoromethanesulfonato-κ2O,O′)titanium(III) toluene monosolvate, [Ti(CF3O3S)(C20H30Si)]·C7H8,1, and chlorido[dimethylbis(η5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)silane](trifluoromethanesulfonato-κO)titanium(IV), [Ti(CF3O3S)(C20H30Si)Cl],2. Both complexes display a bent metallocene unit, the metal atom being coordinated in a distorted tetrahedral geometry, with the trifluoromethanesulfonate anion acting as a bidentate or monodentate ligand in1and2, respectively. In1, weak π–π stacking interactions involving the toluene solvent molecules [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.9491 (11) Å] are observed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Liang, Shu Jun, and Shi Ping Zhu. "Fabrication of Polyelectrolyte/TiO₂ Hybrid Membrane via a Simple Method and Characterization of its Thermal Behavior." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1484.

Full text

Abstract:

This study deals with the fabrication and characterization of polymer matrix thin films containing high content titanium dioxide (TiO2). Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) membrane incorporated with different percentages of TiO2nanoparticles were prepared by solvent casting. The morphologies of the films were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and its thermal behavior were characterised by thermogravimetry(TG). The results indicated that dense TiO2/polymer thin ﬁlms can been fabricated conveniently by solvent casting from aqueous solutions of TiO2/PDADMAC when the concentrations of TiO2were lower than 40 wt%, and the thermal stability of the TiO2/PDADMAC composites were greatly improved by the addition of TiO2moieties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Saji John, K., J. Saji, M. L. P. Reddy, T. R. Ramamohan, and T. P. Rao. "Solvent extraction of titanium(IV) from acidic chloride solutions by Cyanex 923." Hydrometallurgy 51, no. 1 (January 1999): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(98)00066-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Hermawan, Prasetyo, Harno Dwi Pranowo, and Indriana Kartini. "PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Ni(II) DOPED TiO₂ NANOCRYSTAL BY SOL-GEL PROCESS." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 2 (November 3, 2011): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21400.

Full text

Abstract:

Ni(II) doped titanium dioxide has been prepared by using sol-gel process. Ni(II) ion was incorporated into titanium dioxide by reacting Ni(II) chloride with titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTiP)-acetyl acetone mixture in isopropanol solvent. The effects of transition metal ion doping on the physical properties have been investigated. UV/Vis spectrophotometer, TGA-DTA, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and DR-UV/Vis were used to investigate the spectra absorption of nanosol, nanoparticle thermal transition, structure of crystal and band edge absorption, respectively. The results at addition of 5% Ni/Ti revealed that absorbance of nanosol increased from 0.811 (λmax: 342 nm) to 2.283 (λmax: 350 nm). The crystallization temperature transition from anatase to rutile decreased from 500 °C to 475 °C. The particle size increased from 18.51 nm to 20.35 nm, while the band gap energy (Eg) decreased from 2.73 eV to 2.51 eV.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Okhlopkova, E. A., L. A. Serafimov, A. V. Frolkova, and P. P. Tsekin. "SEPARATION OF A MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEM FORMED IN THE PRODUCTION OF EPICHLOROHYDRIN." Fine Chemical Technologies 11, no. 6 (December 28, 2016): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2016-11-6-36-42.

Full text

Abstract:

Epichlorohydrin is an important product of the basic organic synthesis. One promising direction of epichlorohydrin manufacturing is the liquid-phase epoxidation of allyl chloride with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide in an organic solvent, methanol, in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, a titanium-containing zeolite. The multicomponent system of epichlorohydrin production according to this method contains allyl chloride, methanol, water, epichlorohydrin, 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, 3-chloro-1-methoxypropanol-2 and hydrogen peroxide. In this work the thermodynamic topological analysis of the phase diagram of this multicomponent system of epichlorohydrin production was performed. On the basis of this study a principal technological scheme of separation of the studied system containing five distillation columns and a Florentine vessel was proposed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Allal, K. M., D. Hauchard, M. Stambouli, D. Pareau, and G. Durand. "Solvent extraction of titanium by tributylphosphate, trioctylphosphine oxide and decanol from chloride media." Hydrometallurgy 45, no. 1-2 (May 1997): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(96)00064-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Danov, S. M., A. V. Sulimov, and A. V. Sulimova. "Solvent effect on epoxidation of allyl chloride with hydrogen peroxide on titanium-containing silicalite." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 81, no. 11 (November 2008): 1963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427208110189.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Makino, Kenya, I. Hattori, and M. Watanabe. "Polymerization of Ethylene with Propylene by Soluble Titanium (III) Catalyst." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 63, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538284.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Soluble TiCl3 complex catalysts were prepared by reduction of TiCl4 with hydrogen in the presence of Pd-carbon and ether in a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent. When copolymerization of ethylene with propylene was carried out with the soluble TiCl3 catalysts, the catalytic activities were very high, and copolymers obtained showed low crystallinity. When a small amount of a metal chloride was added to the soluble TiCl3 catalysts, it was found that the catalytic activity increased and the crystallinity of copolymers obtained was lower compared with those of the copolymers prepared by the original soluble TiCl3 catalysts. The copolymers obtained by the soluble TiCl3 catalysts showed high tensile strength (TB) and elongation at break (EB). From these results, it is concluded that the large values of TB and EB are caused from the microblock sequences of ethylene.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Bakil, Siti Natrah Abdul, Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah, Mohamad Ali Selimin, Tee Chuan Lee, and Maizlinda Izwana Idris. "Bio-Composite of Sodium Alginate-Titanium Dioxide for Wound Healing Applications." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.555.

Full text

Abstract:

Sodium alginate is a natural polymer used for many biomedical applications. The excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility of sodium alginate have provided ample space for future development in wound healing applications. In this study, bio-composite film was prepared by solvent casting technique by blending sodium alginate (SA) solution and titanium dioxide (TiO2) followed by crosslinking with calcium chloride. The bio-composite film was characterized with different characterization technique such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). AFM analysis provides information about surface roughness. The microstructure of bio-composite film was determined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The wettability of surface material is measure by contact angle. The result demonstrate that the bio-composite film shows high value of surface roughness and contact angle to enhanced blood clotting for wound healing applications

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Jiang, Wei Hui, Qi Ming Jiang, Jian Min Liu, Qing Xia Zhu, and Quan Zhang. "Prepartion of Stabilized Aluminum Titanate Film via Nonhydrolytic Sol-Gel Route." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.96.

Full text

Abstract:

The stabilized aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5) film was coated on the silicon carbide (SiC) substrate via nonhydrolytic sol-gel method (NHSG), using anhydrous aluminum chloride and titanium tetrachloride as precursors, ethanol as oxygen donor, different iron sources as stabilizers, and dimethyl mixed dibasic acid (DBE) with the characteristic of environmental protection and high boiling point as solvent. The phase transformation of modified Al2TiO5 xerogel during heat treatment, the effect of different iron stabilizers on the stabilization of Al2TiO5 film, and the influence of the coating process parameters on film-forming quality were investigated by means of DTA/TG, XRD and SEM. The results indicate that ethanol iron as the stabilizer, Al2TiO5 crystal phase can be formed at 750°C. While the temperature is raised further to 1000°C, Al2TiO5 is stable without decomposition, and has better synthesis effect. Selecting iron chloride, iron sulfate and iron ethanol as stabilizers respectively, only iron ethanol is effective to thermal stability of Al2TiO5 film. The best optimal vertical sliding velocity is 3.75 mm/s.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Biswas, R. K., and D. A. Begum. "Solvent extraction of tetravalent titanium from chloride solution by di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid in kerosene." Hydrometallurgy 49, no. 3 (August 1998): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(98)00031-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Mao, X. H., and D. J. Liu. "Solvent Extraction Separation of Titanium(IV) and Iron(III) from Acid Chloride Solutions by Trioctylphosphine Oxide." Asian Journal of Chemistry 25, no. 8 (2013): 4753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.14085.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Leistenschneider, Desirée, Nicolas Jäckel, Felix Hippauf, Volker Presser, and Lars Borchardt. "Mechanochemistry-assisted synthesis of hierarchical porous carbons applied as supercapacitors." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (July 6, 2017): 1332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.130.

Full text

Abstract:

A solvent-free synthesis of hierarchical porous carbons is conducted by a facile and fast mechanochemical reaction in a ball mill. By means of a mechanochemical ball-milling approach, we obtained titanium(IV) citrate-based polymers, which have been processed via high temperature chlorine treatment to hierarchical porous carbons with a high specific surface area of up to 1814 m2 g−1 and well-defined pore structures. The carbons are applied as electrode materials in electric double-layer capacitors showing high specific capacitances with 98 F g−1 in organic and 138 F g−1 in an ionic liquid electrolyte as well as good rate capabilities, maintaining 87% of the initial capacitance with 1 M TEA-BF4 in acetonitrile (ACN) and 81% at 10 A g−1 in EMIM-BF4.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

John, K. Saji, T. Prasada Rao, T. R. Ramamohan, and M. L. P. Reddy. "Solvent extraction of tetravalent titanium from acidic chloride solutions by 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester." Hydrometallurgy 53, no. 3 (September 1999): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(99)00049-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Nielson, Alastair J., Chaohong Shen, and Joyce M. Waters. "[6,6′-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-methylenediphenolato-κ2O,O′]dichlorido(9H-fluoren-9-ol-κO)titanium(IV)–fluorene–diethyl ether (1/0.5/1)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 69, no. 12 (November 20, 2013): m673—m674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813030249.

Full text

Abstract:

The title adduct, [TiCl2(C23H30O2)(C13H10O]·0.5C13H10·C4H10O, is a monomer with a trigonal–bypyramidal coordination sphere of the TiIVatom in which the ligand O atoms of the bidentate diphenolate anion are located in both apical and equatorial positions. Chloride ligands occupy the remaining two equatorial sites of the trigonal bypyramid with the fluoren-9-ol O atom occupying the other apical site. The hydroxy group H atom of this latter group is hydrogen bonded to an O atom of a non-coordinating diethyl ether molecule. The title compound also contains a further fluorene solvent molecule, which lies across a centre of symmetry and which is equally disordered over an inversion centre.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Narayanan Remya, P., and M. Lakshmipathy Reddy. "Solvent extraction separation of titanium(IV), vanadium(V) and iron(III) from simulated waste chloride liquors of titanium minerals processing industry by the trialkylphosphine oxide Cyanex 923." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 79, no. 7 (June 8, 2004): 734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1046.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Bian, Zhenzhong, Yali Feng, Haoran Li, and Hao Wu. "Efficient separation of vanadium, titanium, and iron from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite by pressurized pyrolysis of ammonium chloride-acid leaching-solvent extraction process." Separation and Purification Technology 255 (January 2021): 117169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117169.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Valizadeh, H., H. Gholipur, R. Zarrebin, M. Amiri, and M. R. Sabzi. "Titanium(IV) Chloride Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2-(1h)-ones under Solvent-Free Conditions via Three-Component Biginelli Reaction." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 183, no. 7 (June 9, 2008): 1552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500701692265.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Ćurković, Lidija, Helena Otmačić Ćurković, Irena Žmak, Mihone Kerolli Mustafa, and Ivana Gabelica. "Corrosion Behavior of Amorphous Sol–Gel TiO2–ZrO2 Nano Thickness Film on Stainless Steel." Coatings 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2021): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080988.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work, a single-layer TiO2–ZrO2 thin film is deposited on the AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel by the sol–gel process and the dip coating method to improve its corrosion resistance properties. For the sol preparation, titanium isopropoxide and zirconium butoxide are used as the precursors, yttrium acetate hydrate is used for the ZrO2 stabilization, i-propanol as the solvent, nitric acid as the catalyst, acetylacetone as the chelating agent, and the distilled water for the hydrolysis. The deposited films are annealed at 400 °C or 600 °C. Morphology and phase composition of the sol–gel TiO2–ZrO2 films and powders are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDX detector and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The thickness of the sol–gel TiO2–ZrO2 films deposited on the stainless steel is determined by glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES). The corrosion behavior of the stainless steel, coated by amorphous films, is evaluated in 3 wt% NaCl and 0.5 mol dm−3 HCl by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. It is found that the sol–gel TiO2–ZrO2 films with the amorphous structure, deposited by the sol–gel process, and calcined at 400 °C significantly enhance the corrosion properties of AISI 316L in both chloride media.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Remya, P. N., Rani Pavithran, and M. L. P. Reddy. "3‐Phenyl‐4‐acyl‐5‐isoxazolones as Reagents for the Solvent Extraction Separation of Titanium(IV) and Iron(III) from Multivalent Metal Chloride Solutions." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 22, no. 3 (December 31, 2004): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sei-120033978.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Li, Wang, Zepeng Niu, and Xiaobo Zhu. "Recovery of iron by jarosite crystallization and separation of vanadium by solvent extraction with extractant 7101 from titanium white waste liquid (TWWL)." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 8 (March 24, 2021): 2025–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.114.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The jarosite crystallization and new extractant system for extractant 7101 was used to separate iron and extract vanadium from titanium white waste liquid (TWWL). The influence factors and mechanisms of crystallization and solvent extraction were investigated and analyzed using SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR, solution thermodynamic theory and extraction isothermal curve. More than 97% of iron was precipitated with the following conditions: potassium chlorate 15 g/L, pH value of 1.6, temperature of 95 °C and time of 90 min, in which the crystallization product was jarosite with a purity of 99.5%; the pH value of the solution decreased after precipitation. The extraction efficiency of vanadium reached 88.6% with 10% Fe, 5% Al(III) but less for Mg(II), K(I) and Na(I) under the conditions X7101 of 0.5, pH value of 2.0, time of 4 min and stirring speed of 40 r/min. The extraction of metal ions occurred in the order V(V) > Fe(III) > Al(III) > Mg(II) > K(I). Vanadium minimally existed as at pH 2.0, and the functional groups NH and C–N contributed to vanadium extraction using the extractant 7101. Four stages extraction and three stages of re-extraction were predicated by McCable–Thiele plots.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Patricio, Jonathan, Marco Laurence Budlayan, and Susan Arco. "Titanium Dioxide-Infused Hybrid Electrolytes Based on Ionic Liquids Containing Protic Cation: Effect of Solute Concentration on the Electrochemical and Interfacial Properties." Key Engineering Materials 897 (August 17, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.897.85.

Full text

Abstract:

The efficiency of batteries, supercapacitors, and dye-sensitized solar cells for energy storage and harvesting processes depends on the relative energy levels and the charge transfer kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Owing to their distinctively tunable properties including non-volatility, low flammability, wide electrochemical stability, inherent conductivity, and high thermal stability, developing low viscosity ionic liquids (ILs) is vital for energy device fabrication. In this work, 1-methylimidazolium ILs were synthesized by a one-step sonochemical solventless reaction and were characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy to confirm their structure. Hybrid electrolytes based on the 1-methylimidazolium chloride ([MIM]Cl) infused with titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles at varying concentrations were prepared, and the effect of solute concentration on their electrochemical and interfacial properties was investigated. Ionic conductivity results revealed that the as-prepared [MIM]Cl-TiO2-0.5% hybrid electrolytes exhibited a higher conductivity in comparison with neat [MIM]Cl. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry was used to determine their electrochemical stability window and revealed that a wide ESW of 3.56 ± 0.01 V was also obtained by [MIM]Cl-TiO2-0.5% attributed to the enhanced surface tension of 35.92 ± 0.07 mN/m due to the addition of TiO2 particles. This observation was validated by the generated pendant drop images showing the remarkable correlation of solute concentration with surface tension and ESW of the hybrid electrolytes. The utilization of these metal oxide-infused solvent-free IL as a substitute for aqueous-and organic-based electrolytes can address issues on electrochemical stability and provide insight in suppressing self-discharge processes, especially when used at higher potentials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Alam, Mohd Aftab, Raishuddin Ali, Fahad Ibrahim Al-Jenoobi, and Abdullah M. Al-Mohizea. "The Effect of Carrier Matrix and the Method of Preparing Solid Dispersion on Physical State and Solubility of Ibuprofen." Drug Delivery Letters 9, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303109666190214153315.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The poor solubility of a drug substance is one of the factors which are responsible for poor dissolution and bioavailabity. Objective: To enhance the solubility of Ibuprofen using different techniques, and to investigate the effect of carrier matrixes and methods of preparing solid dispersion on physical state and solubility of Ibuprofen. Methods: Fusion method, solvent evaporation and effervescence assisted fusion methods were used to prepare solid dispersions of ibuprofen (IBU). Mannitol, polyethylene-glycol-6000, urea, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, sugar spheres, sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, citric acid, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin were used as carrier matrix. Solid dispersions were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The solubility of IBU powder and its solid dispersions were investigated in water, acidic buffer (pH-1.2) and in phosphate buffer (pH-6.8). Results: In some of the solid dispersions, IBU lost its crystalline structure and converted into amorphous powder. Scanning electron micrographs and DSC thermograms revealed the absence of IBU crystalline particles in few of the solid dispersion matrixes. Solid dispersion comprising amorphous IBU showed remarkable enhancement in its solubility. The IBU-magnesium oxide solid dispersion showed the highest solubility enhancement, followed by IBU-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, IBUpolyethylene glycol-6000, IBU-urea and IBU-β-cyclodextrin. The magnesium oxide, hydroxypropyl-β- cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin enhanced solubility even at acidic pH. Effervescence assisted fusion technique showed better solubility results than the other two techniques. Conclusions: On the basis of present observations, it can be suggested that the type of carrier matrix, the method of preparation and the pH of the dispersion plays an important role in the solubility of IBU.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Leena Chandra, Manuel Victor, Shunmugavel Karthikeyan, Subramanian Selvasekarapandian, Manavalan Premalatha, and Sampath Monisha. "Study of PVAc-PMMA-LiCl polymer blend electrolyte and the effect of plasticizer ethylene carbonate and nanofiller titania on PVAc-PMMA-LiCl polymer blend electrolyte." Journal of Polymer Engineering 37, no. 6 (July 26, 2017): 617–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2016-0145.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract lithium ion conducting polymer electrolyte is one of the essential components of modern rechargeable lithium batteries because of its good interfacial contact with electrodes and effective mechanical properties. A solid lithium ion conducting polymer blend electrolyte is prepared using poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymers with different molecular weight percentages (wt%) of lithium chloride (LiCl) by the solution casting technique with tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. The polymer electrolytes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry (TG), AC impedance spectroscopy and ionic transport measurements. XRD and FTIR studies confirm the amorphous nature of the polymer electrolyte and the complexation of salt with polymer. The thermal behavior of polymer electrolytes has been studied from DSC and TG. The highest conductivity obtained using AC impedance spectroscopy is 1.03×10−5 Scm−1 at 303 K for 70 wt%PVAc:30 wt%PMMA:0.8 wt% of LiCl polymer-salt complex. The plasticizer ethylene carbonate (EC) and nanofiller titania (TiO2) were added to the optimized high conducting blend polymer electrolyte. An enhancement in conductivity by one order of magnitude was observed for the plasticized 70 wt%PVAc-30 wt%PMMA-0.8 wt% LiCl polymer electrolyte at ambient temperature. The ionic conductivity value obtained using AC impedance spectroscopy for the plasticized 70 wt%PVAc-30 wt%PMMA-0.8 wt% LiCl polymer electrolyte was 1.03×10−4 Scm−1. The highest conductivity obtained for 70 wt%PVAc-30 wt%PMMA-0.8% LiCl-6 mg TiO2 was 4.45×10−4 Scm−1. Dielectric properties of polymer films are studied and discussed. The electrochemical stability of 1.69 V and 2.69 V was obtained for 70 wt%PVAc-30 wt%PMMA-0.8% LiCl and 70 wt%PVAc-30 wt%PMMA-0.8% LiCl-6 mg TiO2 polymer electrolytes, respectively, using linear sweep voltammetry. The value of Li+ ion transference number was estimated by the DC polarization method and was found to be 0.99 for the highest conducting 70 wt%PVAc-30 wt%PMMA-0.8 wt% LiCl-6 mg TiO2 nanocomposite polymer electrolyte.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

SUZUKI, H., H. MANABE, R. ENOKIYA, and Y. HANAZAKI. "ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Reactions of Titanium(III) Chloride Solubilized in Inert Organic Solvents." ChemInform 18, no. 9 (March 3, 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.198709097.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Jow, T. R., and J. P. Zheng. "Amorphous Thin Film Ruthenium Oxide as an Electrode Material for Electrochemical Capacitors." MRS Proceedings 393 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-393-433.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTRuthenium oxide thin films of an amorphous phase were successfully prepared on a titanium (Ti) substrate at temperatures below 160 °C. The sol-gel process using metal alkoxide precursor in nonaqueous solvents was used to prepare these films. The preliminary results showed that a specific capacitance of 430 F/g can be achieved for amorphous ruthenium oxide electrode in sulfuric acid. Films prepared by this method are compared with the films prepared by the thermal decomposition of the aqueous ruthenium chloride solution at temperatures above 300 °C. The specific capacitance, the crystalline structure, and the surface morphology of these films as a function of the preparation temperature were also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Winter, Charles H., T. Suren Lewkebandara, Philip H. Sheridan, and James W. Proscia. "Single-Source Precursors to Titanium Nitride Thin Films." MRS Proceedings 282 (1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-282-293.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe syntheses of the first single-source precursors to gold-colored titanium nitride films are reported. The precursors have the empirical formula [TiCl2(NHR)2(NH2R)0–2] and [TiCl4(NH3)2] and are obtained upon treatment of titanium tetrachloride with alkylamines or ammonia in nonpolar organic solvents. Both precursors sublime without decomposition between 80–120 °C and 0.01–0.1 mmHg. Deposition of titanium nitride films on glass and silicon substrates was achieved using either precursor at substrate temperatures of 475–600 °C. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, resistivity measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In particular, low levels of carbon and chlorine contaminants were observed in the films.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Deptuła, A., Kenneth C. Goretta, Tadeusz Olczak, Wieslawa Lada, Andrzej G. Chmielewski, U. Jakubaszek, Bozena Sartowska, Carlo Alvani, Sergio Casadio, and Vittoria Contini. "Preparation of Titanium Oxide and Metal Titanates as Powders, Thin Films, and Microspheres by Novel Inorganic Sol-Gel Process." MRS Proceedings 900 (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0900-o09-10.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTTitanium oxide and titanates based on Ba, Sr and Ca were prepared from commercial solutions of TiCl4 and HNO3. The main preparation steps for the sols consisted of elimination of chloride anions by distillation with nitric acid and addition of metal hydroxides for the titanates. Resulting sols were gelled and used to (1) prepare irregularly shaped powders by evaporation; (2) produce by a dipping technique thin films on glass, Ag, or Ti substrates; and (3) produce spherical powders (diameters <100 μm) by solvent extraction. Results of thermal and X-ray-diffraction analyses indicated that the temperatures required to form the various compounds were lower than those necessary to form the compounds by conventional solid-state reactions and comparable to those required with use of organometallic based sol-gel methods. Temperatures of formation could be further reduced by addition of ascorbic acid to the sols.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

"Elaboration of a method for the determination of low-molecular-weight mustard gas biomarkers in biological samples." Journal of NBC Protection Corps 2, no. 3 (September 2018): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2018-2-3-40-54.

Full text

Abstract:

The relevance of the development and the improvement of methods for the determination of metabolites (biomarkers) of toxic substances in biological fluids (blood, urine, etc.) is associated with the need to establish facts of humans and animals exposure to toxic chemicals. The need for such analysis arises within the framework of monitoring of the compliance with the provisions of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), when conducting investigations into the alleged use of chemical agents, as well as within the framework of the official proficiency tests carried out by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). Nowadays there exists the problem of the determination of low-molecular-weight mustard gas biomarkers in biological samples with the use of gas chromatography methods with mass-selective detection. The low-molecular-weight biomarkers of sulfur mustard (SM) are thiodiglycol, oxides and sulfoxides. The identification and quantitative assessment of SM markers in blood and urine is carried out according to the methods, based on the displacement of thiodiglycol and its derivatives from protein conjugates with titanium trichloride, solid-phase extraction, concentration in ethyl acetate solution, derivatization with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride, heptafluorobutyrylimidazole, heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride or chloride, subsequent stripping of the derivative into the appropriate solvent and GH-MS analysis (chemical ionization technique with methane as a reagent gas with the registration of negative ions). After the sample preparation, the limits of detection of the minimum values of ultra-low concentrations of the analyzed biomarkers of SM in urine and blood plasma were determined. After the chromatographic analysis, the corresponding graphs of indicators have been constructed, based on the concentrations of biomarkers in urine and blood plasma. Later on they have been used for the elaboration of the methods for the determination of SM biomarkers in human urine and blood.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Titanium chloride. Solvents'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles