Journal articles: 'Titanium compound'

1

Bagliuk, G. A., O. V. Suprun, and A. A. Mamonova. "The Influence of the Synthesis Temperature on Phase Composition and Structure of Tenary Compounds Obtained from the Powder Mixture of the TiH2-Al-C System." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 18, no. 4 (2017): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.18.4.443.

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This paper presents the results of an investigation of the features of phase and structure formation of a ternary compound during thermal sintering use of compacted TiH2-Al-C powder blends. The thermal sintering was carried out in a vacuum furnace at temperature 1150, 1300, and 1400 0С. The x-ray diffraction pattern and structural analysis show that the main phase after synthesis at 1150 0С is titanium carbide. The ternary Ti2AlC and intermetallic Ti3Al compound were also identified in the phase composition of the alloy. Increasing the sintering temperature to 1300 °C leads to significant increases in the content of Ti2AlC ternary compounds and accordingly decreases the content of titanium carbide TiC. Is propose a modified model thermal synthesis of ternary compounds of the Ti-Al-C system, which includes the melting of aluminum and its interaction with titanium at low-temperature stages of the process, the formation of the Ti3Al intermetallic compound, formation titanium carbide grains as a result of the interaction of the Al4C3 intermediate metastable phase with titanium or Ti3Al intermetallic compound and the synthesis of ternary Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 compounds as a result of the interaction of the Ti3Al intermetallic compound with carbon and Ti2AlC with titanium carbide TiC.

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Li, A. H., T. Li, X. G. Chen, W. B. Guo, H. T. Xue, and C. X. Chen. "Effect of copper interlayer to the microstructure and strength of alumina/304 stainless steel joint brazed with silver‐copper‐titanium filler." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 54, no. 12 (2023): 1717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202300082.

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AbstractAlumina and 304 stainless steel were brazed with silver‐copper‐titanium filler+copper foil. The effect of adding copper foil to the filler on the microstructure of the alumina/304 joint was studied, and the reasons for the effect of adding copper foil with different thicknesses on the joint performance were also analyzed. The standard microstructure of alumina/304 joint with silver‐copper‐titanium+copper foil filler is alumina ceramic/copper compound with titanium and oxygen (3 : 3 : 1) (Cu3Ti3O) continuous layer+copper titanide (TiCu)/silver solid solution+copper solid solution/titanium compound with iron (1 : 2) (TiFe2)+iron‐chromium compound/304 stainless steel. The added copper foil inhibits the diffusion of titanium elements, thereby reducing the formation of the brittle copper compound with titanium and oxygen (3 : 3 : 1) (Cu3Ti3O) and alleviating the residual stress. In addition, after adding copper foil, the copper solid solution is distributed in blocks in the joint, which also improves the plastic deformation ability of the joint. Under the synergistic effect of these two effects after adding copper foil, the joint strength is improved. When the copper foil was 200 μm, the shear strength is 198.10 MPa.

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Urbahs, Alexander, Janis Rudzitis, Konstantins Savkovs, et al. "Titanium Compound Erosion-Resistant Nano-Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 674 (January 2016): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.674.283.

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The main objective of this paper is to offer ion-plasma technology for production of Ti (titanium) and titanium nitride (TiN) erosion-resistant nanocoatings for the machine building products, which ensures the coatings with optimum and stable properties. As a result of experiments and processing experimental data the optimum composition of ion-plasma titanium and titanium nitride nanocoatings was obtained and offered.The approbation of the developed technology on the existing machine building products (compressor blade of the helicopter gas turbine; base material: Incoloy 800) was carried out. The comparative study on the influence of the coating on the surface quality, coefficient of friction, adhesion strength and erosion resistance was done. For evaluation of the obtained nanocoating surface’s quality 2D and 3D surface description approaches were applied. Achieved results prove the effectiveness of offered ion-plasma technology for production of titanium and titanium nitride erosion-resistant nanocoatings with appropriate and stable properties.

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Rodríguez, Israel, Lauren Fernández-Vega, Andrea N. Maser-Figueroa, Branlee Sang, Patricia González-Pagán, and Arthur D. Tinoco. "Exploring Titanium(IV) Complexes as Potential Antimicrobial Compounds." Antibiotics 11, no. 2 (2022): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020158.

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Due to the rapid mutation of pathogenic microorganisms, drug-resistant superbugs have evolved. Antimicrobial-resistant germs may share their resistance genes with other germs, making them untreatable. The search for more combative antibiotic compounds has led researchers to explore metal-based strategies centered on perturbing the bioavailability of essential metals in microbes and examining the therapeutic potential of metal complexes. Given the limited knowledge on the application of titanium(IV), in this work, eight Ti(IV) complexes and some of their corresponding ligands were screened by the Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery for antimicrobial activity. The compounds were selected for evaluation because of their low cytotoxic/antiproliferative behavior against a human non-cancer cell line. At pH 7.4, these compounds vary in terms of their solution stability and ligand exchange lability; therefore, an assessment of their solution behavior provides some insight regarding the importance of the identity of the metal compound to the antimicrobial therapeutic potential. Only one compound, Ti(deferasirox)2, exhibited promising inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and minimal toxicity against human cells. The ability of this compound to undergo transmetalation with labile Fe(III) sources and, as a consequence, inhibit Fe bioavailability and ribonucleotide reductase is evaluated as a possible mechanism for its antibiotic effect.

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Devyatkin, Sergei V. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Binary and Ternary Refractory Compounds in the System Ti-Si-B from Chloride-Fluoride Melts." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 9 (2007): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-0909.

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Electrochemical synthesis of binary and ternary compounds in the system Ti-Si-B from chloridefluoride melts has been investigated by voltammetry and electrolysis. Electrochemical syntheses of titanium diboride, four titanium silicides (TiSi2, TiSi, Ti5Si4, Ti5Si3), silicon tetraboride and a new ternary compound, Ti5Si3B3, have been found to be one-step processes. The stoichiometry of the deposited compounds has been found to correlate with the bulk concentration of Ti, Si and B ions in the melt.

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Seth, Dennis M., and Rory Waterman. "Bis(N-tert-butylacetamido)(dimethylamido)(chloro)titanium." Molbank 2024, no. 1 (2024): M1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1786.

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The titanium amidate compound bis(N-tert-butylacetamido)(dimethylamido)(chloro)titanium was synthesized by the protonolysis of tris(dimethylamido)(chloro)titanium and structurally characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction. The compound does not appear to react cleanly nor readily with routine alkylating agents such as sec-butyllithium, benzyl potassium, or trimethylsilyl methyllithium.

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Sanin, Anatoliy, Igor Mamchur, Yevhen Dzhur, Stella Mamchur та Tetjana Nosova. "Особливості формування дифузійної зони з’єднання платина-титан". Aerospace technic and technology, № 4sup2 (22 серпня 2022): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2022.4sup2.18.

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This paper considers the possibility of obtaining a high-quality titanium-platinum compound. Difficulties in joining dissimilar metals lie in the fact that during their interaction, brittle intermetallic compounds are formed, which cause the destruction of the product during the operation. Hard-phase welding methods are used to control the thicknesses and dimensions of intermetallic inclusions. Vacuum diffusion welding was chosen as the technology. To determine the formation of phases in the diffuse zone, the phase diagram of Ti-Pt was analyzed. The possible types of interactions between the components were determined. It is determined that the formation of a welded joint occurs due to the formation and growth of a diffusion zone in platinum and titanium. During welding, the growth of intermetallic phases Ti3Pt, TiPt, TiPt3, as well as solid solution zones, is observed. Microsections were made, on which the microstructure of the platinum-titanium compound was studied and microhardness measurements were carried out. The total width of the transitional diffusion layer is determined. The studies carried out made it possible to establish the sequence of the phase components of the diffusion zone. The use of the DRON 1.5 diffractometer made it possible to identify the phases. X-ray diffraction maxima and calculation of line identification established the presence of intermetallic compounds and their mixtures with solid solutions. The following methods were used in the work: microstructural analysis, microhardness measurement, the determination of the phase composition. A special technique was used to obtain high-quality microsections. During long-term grinding in the diffusion zone, a degree is formed due to the different properties of titanium and platinum. The phase composition of the platinum-titanium compound and the extent of each zone were established. The experiments carried out indicate that pressure, temperature and exposure time affect the quality of the joint. By changing these welding parameters, it is possible to change the microstructure of the diffusion zone. To determine the mechanical properties, a tear test was performed. For this, special three-metal samples were made. Determination of the mechanical properties made it possible to establish by what parameters the platinum-titanium compound meets the requirements of operation.

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Ramanavicius, Simonas, Arunas Jagminas, and Arunas Ramanavicius. "Gas Sensors Based on Titanium Oxides (Review)." Coatings 12, no. 5 (2022): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050699.

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Nanostructured titanium compounds have recently been applied in the design of gas sensors. Among titanium compounds, titanium oxides (TiO2) are the most frequently used in gas sensing devices. Therefore, in this review, we are paying significant attention to the variety of allotropic modifications of titanium oxides, which include anatase, rutile, brukite. Very recently, the applicability of non-stoichiometric titanium oxide (TiO2−x)-based layers for the design of gas sensors was demonstrated. For this reason, in this review, we are addressing some research related to the formation of non-stoichiometric titanium oxide (TiO2−x) and Magnéli phase (TinO2n−1)-based layers suitable for sensor design. The most promising titanium compounds and hetero- and nano-structures based on these compounds are discussed. It is also outlined that during the past decade, many new strategies for the synthesis of TiO2 and conducting polymer-based composite materials were developed, which have found some specific application areas. Therefore, in this review, we are highlighting how specific formation methods, which can be used for the formation of TiO2 and conducting polymer composites, can be applied to tune composite characteristics that are leading towards advanced applications in these specific technological fields. The possibility to tune the sensitivity and selectivity of titanium compound-based sensing layers is addressed. In this review, some other recent reviews related to the development of sensors based on titanium oxides are overviewed. Some designs of titanium-based nanomaterials used for the development of sensors are outlined.

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Kimura, Takeshi, Yusuke Muraoka, Kaori Amano, et al. "Preparation, structure, and electrochemistry of porphyrinato titanium (IV) benzenedithiolates with a trithiole ring, a dithiin ring, and two 2-cyanoethylthio groups." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 22, no. 01n03 (2018): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424618500037.

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The reaction of tetra([Formula: see text]-tolyl)porphyrinato titanium (IV) oxide (2) with 4,7-diethyl-5,6-dimercaptobenzo[1,2,3] trithiole (3a) produced the corresponding titanium (IV) complex, tetra([Formula: see text]-tolyl)porphyrinato titanium (IV) trithiolobenzenedithiolate (4a), fused with a trithiole ring. Related compounds 4b and 4c were prepared by a similar reaction of 2 with 5,8-diethyl-6,7-dimercaptobenzo[1,4]dithiin (3b) and 3,6-diethyl-4,5-dimercapto-1,2-bis(2-cyanoethylthio)benzene (3c). The structure of 4b was determined by X-ray crystallography. Compound 4c was further treated with cesium hydroxide to produce the corresponding dithiolate anion 4c2S, which was deposited on the gold electrode. The electrochemical property of the gold electrode was determined by cyclic voltammetry. The structure of simplified model compound 4b[Formula: see text] was optimized using the DFT method with the Gaussian 09 program. The optimized structure was utilized to calculate the NMR chemical shifts, the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, and the electronic transition in the absorption spectrum.

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Pinky, Singh Kuldeep, and Singal Anuj. "Reducing the hygroscopic swelling in MEMS sensor using different mold materials." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 494–99. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp494-499.

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Today, Hygroscopic swelling is one of the biggest challenging problem of Epoxy mold compound (EMC) in packaging with Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices. To overcome this hygroscopic swelling problem of EMC and guard the devices, MEMS devices are molded in this paper with different Mold Compound (MC) i.e. titanium and ceramic etc. during their interconnection with the board. Also, a comparatively performance analysis of this various mold compound with MEMS pressure sensor has been studied in this paper at 60% humidity, 140 mol/m3 saturation concentration and 25 oC. It was observed that hygroscopic swelling does not take place in the titanium mold compound. But, titanium is very costly so we have to consider something cheaper material i.e. ceramic in this paper. The Hygroscopic swelling in Ceramic Mold Compound after 1 year is nearly 0.05 mm, which is very less than epoxy.

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11

Pu, Juan, Tingmu Chen, Yubo Sun, Weimin Long, Huawei Sun, and Yunxia Chen. "Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature on the Microstructure and Properties of Titanium-Clad Steel Plate Prepared by Vacuum Hot Rolling." Coatings 14, no. 9 (2024): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091096.

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Titanium-clad steel plates are widely used in chemical equipment and nuclear power equipment due to their excellent corrosion resistance and high strength. However, the Ti-C and Fe-Ti compounds generated easily at the titanium/steel interface deteriorate the bonding strength of titanium and steel, especially in high-temperature service environments. In this study, pure Fe DT4 was chosen as an intermediate layer to control the formation of interfacial compounds. The plates of titanium/DT4/steel were manufactured by hot rolling technology with a small hole vacuuming. Then, titanium-clad steel plates were annealed at temperatures of 450 °C, 550 °C, and 650 °C to modify microstructure and properties. The interfacial microstructure composition, mechanical properties of titanium-clad steel plates, and the corrosion resistance property of titanium plates were studied in the as-rolled state and under different annealing temperatures. The results showed that compounds of TiC, FeTi, and Fe2Ti were generated at the interface of titanium-clad steel plates in the as-rolled state. After the annealing treatment, the types and quantities of the interfacial compounds were reduced, and these compounds were mainly TiC and FeTi at an annealing temperature of 450 °C. The interfacial compound was only TiC at an annealing temperature of 550 °C. However, the compounds of TiC and FeTi appeared at the interface at an annealing temperature of 650 °C. The variation of interfacial compounds determined the hardness and the shear strength of the titanium-clad steel plates. The more the interfacial compounds, the higher the hardness and the lower the shear strength. Therefore, when the annealing temperature was 550 °C, the interfacial hardness was lowest and the shear strength was highest. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of the titanium-clad plates showed significant improvement, indicating that this temperature provides favorable conditions for enhancing the corrosion performance of the plate.

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Gao, Wei, Shi Cheng Wang, Jiajia Si, Kang Kai Hu, Hong Ying Yu, and Dong Bai Sun. "Laser Cladding of Titanium Alloy Coating on Low Carbon Steel via Cu Interlayer." Materials Science Forum 1071 (October 18, 2022): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-x6zdo8.

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Preparation of titanium alloy coating on the low carbon steel surface is an effective way to ensure the service performance of steel in marine environment. In this work, the effect of Cu interlayer thickness on the microstructure and properties of the titanium alloy coating was systematically studied. The results showed that a thin Cu interlayer cannot inhibit the diffusion of iron, and the Fe-Ti intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the coating/substrate interface weakens the bonding property of the coating. And iron compounds on the surface of the coating surface are negative for corrosion resistance. The thickening of Cu interlayer inhibits the diffusion of iron and increases the shear strength of the coating by 40%～60%. When the iron compound is not present on the coating surface, the optimal electrochemical properties of the titanium alloy coating were achieved. However, the excessive thickness of the Cu interlayer will accelerate the heat loss of the molten pool and lead to the fusion defect in the initial cladding stage. In this study, the optimum thickness range of Cu interlayer (290μm ~ 375μm) was obtained. When the interlayer was in this range, titanium alloy coatings with excellent comprehensive properties could be prepared.

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13

MOKRITSKI, B. YA, V. G. ZAVODINSKY, and O. A. GORKUSHA. "INVESTIGATION OF THE ADHESION PROPERTIES OF TI, TIN AND (TI, CR, AL)N LAYERS SUCCESSIVELY DEPOSITED ON THE WC92-CO8 HARD ALLOY SURFACE." Computational Nanotechnology 10, no. 2 (2023): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2313-223x-2023-10-2-53-59.

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The energy of a three-layer coating on the surface of a hard alloy based on tungsten carbide WC92-Co8 (technical name VK8) has been studied using computer simulation methods of density functional theory and pseudopotentials. The first layer is titanium; the second layer is titanium nitride; the third layer is a composite nitride (Ti, Cr, Al)N. The dependence of the energy of adhesion of titanium to the WC and Co surfaces on the thickness of the deposited titanium layer (from one to three atomic layers) has been studied. The adhesion energy of titanium nitride to the pre-deposited titanium layer is calculated. For four variants of the structure of the compound (Ti, Cr, Al)N, the adhesion energy of this compound to the TiN surface was calculated.

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Kumari, Pinki, Kuldeep Singh, and Anuj Singal. "Reducing the Hygroscopic Swelling in MEMS Sensor using Different Mold Materials." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp494-499.

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Today, Hygroscopic swelling is one of the biggest challenging problem of Epoxy mold compound (EMC) in packaging with Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices. To overcome this hygroscopic swelling problem of EMC and guard the devices, MEMS devices are molded in this paper with different Mold Compound (MC) i.e. titanium and ceramic etc. during their interconnection with the board. Also, a comparatively performance analysis of this various mold compound with MEMS pressure sensor has been studied in this paper at 60% humidity, 140 mol/m3 saturation concentration and 25 oC. It was observed that hygroscopic swelling does not take place in the titanium mold compound. But, titanium is very costly so we have to consider something cheaper material i.e. ceramic in this paper. The Hygroscopic swelling in Ceramic Mold Compound after 1 year is nearly 0.05mm which is very less than epoxy.

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Chen, Shao Juan, and Zai Li Wang. "The Comparative Study of Two Kinds of Nano-Antimicrobials’ Antibacterial Properties." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1824.

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The thesis selected nano-titanium dioxide compound silver antibacterial and thulium compound nanometer antibacterial as research object, whose application are the widest. Their characters to resist staphylococcus aureus, colon bacillus and Candida albicans were studied by qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and TEM. The study indicated that nano-titanium dioxide compound silver antibacterial is dissolving antibacterial and thulium compound nanometer antibacterial is non-dissolving antibacterial. These two kinds of antimicrobials both have a minimal inhibitory concentration of the three kinds of bacteria. Different nano-antimicrobials act on bacteria, the changes of bacteria’s shape are different, and this indicates the mechanism of action is different.

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Liu, Shu Ying, Guang Bao Liu, Zhong Hao Heng, and Kuan Xu. "Research on Interface Structure and Fracture Mechanism of Diffusion Bonding of Titanium Alloy/Cu/Stainless Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.380.

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Using analysis methods of stretching test，SEM，EDS and microhardness test to investigate and research the mechanical properties, the fracture mechanism，the reacting phases are produced and the distribution range of vacuum diffusion bonding joints of Ti-6Al-4V/Cu/304. The results show that when bonding pressure is 5.0 MPa, the tensile strenght of the joint increases at first, but decreases with the increasing of bonding temperature and time, When bonding temperature is 1223K, bonding time is 3.6ks, there is a maximum tensile strength that is 163 Mpa. However, it will be disadvantageous to the performance of the joints, when bonding temperature and time extended overly. Using Copper foil as the interlayer, the intermetallic compounds did not generate in interface of Cu/304，Therefore, it formed multi-phase transition organizations by solid solution, intermetallic compounds in interface of Titanium alloy/Cu，such as TixCuy, TixFey and so on. The effect of TixCuy on strength of the joints is slightly larger than TixFey compound. The fracture mainly happened in the titanium alloy side Ti2Cu intermetallic compound in region Ⅱfor the source dehiscence, developping inⅡ-Ⅲ area junction weak intermetallic compounds of diffusion layer. It is brittle fracture. Therefore, it is the main way to improve the joint strength by improving the interface structure of titanium alloy/Cu side.

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Ozaki, Hitoshi, Reiji Ichioka, Takashi Matsuura, and Muneharu Kutsuna. "Laser Roll Welding of Dissimilar Metal Joint of Titanium to Low Carbon Steel." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.543.

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Titanium is one of structural materials. It has several advantages such as high corrosion resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio. The demand of titanium structural panel and the dissimilar joint has been increased in industry. It is well known that joining of steel and titanium is difficult because of generating the brittle intermetallic compound. In the present work, the laser roll welding of dissimilar metals, titanium to low carbon steel been investigated using a 2.4kW CO2 laser and a 2kW fiber laser. The effects of process parameters on the formation of intermetallic compound at the interlayer and on the mechanical properties were investigated to get a sound dissimilar metal joint. As a result, welded joints of titanium to low carbon steel were broken in the base metal of low carbon steel in the tensile-shear test.

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Yong, Shih Ween, Hartini Khairi Osman, Pei Wen Koh, and Siew Ling Lee. "Temperature Effect on Phase Formation of Nanocrystalline Bismuth Titanate Synthesized via Hot Injection Method." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.257.

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Nanocrystalline bismuth titanate materials were synthesized via hot injection method for the first time. Bismuth nitrate and titanium butoxide were used as precursors of Bi and Ti, respectively. The synthesis method was modified to use aqueous solution as the solvent instead of non coordinating solvent which enable production of nanosized compounds at lower reaction temperature. During the synthesis process, titanium precursor was injected into mixture of bismuth nitrate and oleic acid at 130°C, leading to a rapid burst nucleation and followed by nuclei growth at room temperature. The synthesized compound was heated at various temperatures. XRD results showed formation of cubic phase bismuth titanate compound with space group of Fm3m at room temperature after the reaction. Presence of cubic phase bismuth titanate compound with space group of I23 was observed as secondary phase at 300°C. Meanwhile, a single phase cubic form, space group I23 was obtained for material synthesized at 600°C. FESEM images indicated nano particles of bismuth titanate materials were produced at lower temperatures. However, sintering effect was observed in material heated at 600°C, resulting micro-sized particles.

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Zhang, Y., Z. Ju, C. Yao, et al. "The synthesis, characterization, and thermal properties of a titanium (III) amidinate compound and its potential as a single chemical vapor deposition precursor for N/C-doped TiO2 film." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 19, no. 4 (2024): 1459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2024.194.1459.

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A titanium(III) amidinate compound had been successfully obtained using a salt elimination reaction between TiCl3(3THF) and [Li(i Prn BuAMD)] in a 65% yield, and the characterization of the compound was conducted using various characterization methods. The reported compound’s thermal performances were studied through thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and the result indicated that the reported titanium(III) amidinate compound exhibited a suitable volatility, high thermal stability, and sufficient vapor pressure. Furthermore, film material deposit was performed in a CVD reactor under low pressure, and a N/C-doped TiO2 film was successfully deposited.

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Jaimez, Enrique, Anatoly I. Bortun, Sergei A. Khainakov, Igor' I. Voitko, José R. García, and Julio Rodríguez. "Hydrothermal preparation of the mixed titanium (IV) phosphate-phenylphosphonates and characterization of their properties." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 2 (1998): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0044.

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Mixed crystalline titanium (IV) phosphate-phenylphosphonates were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions using tetramethylammonium hydroxide as a templating reagent. It was found that at a relatively low molar ratio H3PO4 : PhPO3H2 in the reaction mixture (<1) only a pure α-titanium phenylphosphonate is formed. At the molar ratio H3PO4 : PhPO3H2 = (3–5): 1 the formation of a novel mixed compound titanium (IV) dihydrogenphosphate-hydrogenphosphate-phenylphosphonate takes place. Further increase of the ratio H3PO4 : PhPO3H2 gives mechanical mixtures of different phases. Preliminary results on the characterization of the novel compound of formula Ti(H2PO4)1.25(HPO4)0.12(C6H5PO3)1.25 · 0.3H2O are presented.

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Kemmitt, Tim, Graeme J. Gainsford, and Najeh I. Al-Salim. "An oxo-bridged centrosymmetric tetranuclear titanium compound." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 60, no. 2 (2004): m42—m43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270103027902.

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Kovtunov, A. I., T. V. Semistenova, and A. M. Ostryanko. "Investigating formation, structure and properties of coatings based on Cu–Ti alloys." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 1(93) (January 6, 2019): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2018-93-1-175-181.

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The paper offers technology of argon-arc surfacing with titanium wire in order to form heat and wear resistant coating based on the titanium cuprides. The influence of surfacing modes on the chemical compound and structure of formed coatings is determined. The wear resistance and heat resistance at 600°C and 800°C were researched for copper–titanium coating with 8–63% titanium.

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Celis, Pedro B., Eiji Kagawa, and Kozo Ishizaki. "Design and production of the Zr3Ti2Si3 intermetallic compound." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 10 (1991): 2077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.2077.

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The new ternary intermetallic compound Zr3Ti2Si3, with a (Mn5Si3)16H crystal structure, was designed based on the information of the crystal structure of the related binary compounds Zr5Si3 and Ti5Si3 in order to be used in ultra-high temperature structural applications. By x-ray diffraction analysis, we demonstrate the possibility of substituting an entire layer of zirconium atoms with a layer of titanium atoms in the (Zr5Si3)16H. An analysis of atomic neighbor distances in each compound was done. It was found that the Zr–Si relative interatomic distance diminishes while the Ti–Si distance increases. This indicates that Zr–Si bond strength is maintained as in the binary Zr5Si3. The resulting ternary intermetallic compound has a 16H crystal structure and has a lower density than the original compound of zirconium silicide. This new compound, which is stronger than Ti5Si3 and lighter than Zr5Si3, is considered an excellent candidate of the next generation of intermetallic compounds for ultra-high temperature structural applications.

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Benea, Lidia, Iulian Bounegru, Alexandra Forray, Elena Roxana Axente, and Daniela Laura Buruiana. "Preclinical EIS Study of the Inflammatory Response Evolution of Pure Titanium Implant in Hank’s Biological Solution." Molecules 28, no. 12 (2023): 4837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124837.

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Pure titanium (Ti) is investigated in a pre-clinical study in Hank’s biological solution using electrochemical methods, open circuit potential, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to highlight the time effect in extreme body conditions, such as inflammatory diseases, on degradability due to corrosion processes occurring on the titanium implant. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data are presented as Nyquist and Bode plots. The results show the increasing reactivity of titanium implants in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which is an oxygen-reactive compound that describes inflammatory conditions. The polarization resistance, which results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, declined dramatically from the highest value registered in Hank’s solution to smaller values registered in all solutions when different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were tested. The EIS analysis provided insights into titanium’s in vitro corrosion behavior as an implanted biomaterial, which could not be solely obtained through potentiodynamic polarization testing.

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Guo, Chang Qin, and Wen Hua Han. "The Effect of Ferrous-Titanium Addition on Microstructure of TiB₂+TiC Duplex Particles Reinforced Surface Composite with Carbon Steel Matrix." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.476.

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This paper presents a fabricating process and microstructural features of TiB2+TiC duplex particulates reinforced surface composite with carbon steel matrix. The effect of ferrous-titanium addition on microstructures is investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the surface compound layer do not exhibit at lower addition, but appear at higher addition. With increasing ferrous-titanium addition, the concentration and size of the synthesized particles at the surface compound layer are decreased, but the tendency of uniform distribution increased.

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Cavoue, T., H. Bounou Abassi, M. Vayssade, et al. "Imidazolium-based titanium substrates against bacterial colonization." Biomaterials Science 5, no. 3 (2017): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6bm00715e.

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Çelik, Ilhan. "Influence of Duplex Treatment on Structural and Tribological Properties of Commercially Pure Titanium." High Temperature Materials and Processes 36, no. 1 (2017): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2015-0116.

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AbstractTitanium and its alloys are widely used in many fields, including aerospace and the chemical and biomedical industries. This is due to their mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility although they do have poor wear resistance. In this study, a duplex layer was successfully formed on the commercially pure titanium surface by duplex treatments (plasma nitriding and physical vapor deposition (PVD)). In the initial treatment, plasma nitriding was performed on the pure titanium samples and in the second treatment, the nitrided samples were coated with CrN by PVD. The friction and wear properties of the duplex-treated samples were investigated for tribological applications. Surface morphology and microstructure of the duplex-treated samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the tribological properties were investigated using pin-on-disc tribometer. A compound layer composed of ε-Ti2N and δ-TiN phases and a diffusion layer formed under the compound layer were obtained on the surface of pure titanium after the nitriding treatments. CrN coated on the nitrided surface provided an increase in the surface hardness and in the wear resistance.

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Liu, An Min, Yu Fan, Pei Zhi Li, Kun Chen, Ke Pu, and Chong Hao Zhang. "A Comparison of Gas Nitriding and Laser Nitriding on Industrial Pure Iron and Ti-Induced Iron." Materials Science Forum 934 (October 2018): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.934.79.

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Overview of Gas nitriding on the surface of industrial pure iron and laser gas nitriding, research under different nitriding process, the phase, organization and mechanical properties of the nitride layer that is the difference. Plasma sprayed titanium on industrial pure iron surface, the laser nitriding experiments were carried out on the titanium surface. The formation of iron and nitrogen compounds is induced by the combination of titanium nitride. The difference between gas nitriding and laser nitriding is analyzed. The results show that: (1) after gas nitriding, the nitrides formed on the surface of pure iron are mainly ε-Fe2-3N and γ′-Fe4N, the surface hardness is 158 HV, and the increase is 32%. (2) in the 500 W laser power, laser nitriding formed on the surface of Titanium metal layer of pure iron, but not the formation of iron and nitrogen compound, the surface hardness of 168 HV, increased by 46%. (3) under the condition of 500 W laser power, the industrial pure iron was nitrided by laser, without the formation of iron and nitrogen compounds, but the surface hardness of the sample was increased by 20%.

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Drouet, M., L. Pichon, J. B. Dubois, E. Le Bourhis, and T. L. Christiansen. "Surface engineering of titanium by multi-interstitial diffusion using plasma processing." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 11010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032111010.

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Titanium and its alloys possess a range of highly interesting properties such as excellent corrosion resistance, high specific strength and biocompatibility, but suffers from poor wear resistance. The present work addresses plasma assisted surface treatment of CP 2 titanium using various combinations of oxygen and nitrogen, i.e. mixed interstitials. The sequence of controlled plasma nitriding and oxidizing treatments plays a significant role for the evolution of the hardness depth profiles and the development of the surface compound layer and the underlying diffusion/transition zone. Composition profiles of oxygen and nitrogen are obtained by GDOES; Mixed interstitial solubility of nitrogen and oxygen is found in both h.c.p. α titanium and in the compound layer. The combination of interstitials leads to larger case depth, in particular for the diffusion zone (expanded h.c.p. α titanium). Therefore, it highlights the advantages of combined nitriding and oxidizing compared to single nitriding treatments on the mechanical properties.

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Thalmaier, Gyorgy, Silvia Șuta, and Niculina Sechel. "Study and research on obtaining porous materials type Al3Ti by sintering reactive." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 4, no. 2 (2019): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2019.4.2.169.

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" Aluminum-titanium compounds (Ti3Al, TiAl and Al3Ti) were identified as materials for high temperature applications in areas like automotive industry, materials for aircrafts or filter materials used at high temperatures and in corrosive environments. From these compounds, Al3Ti has a low density and good resistance to the oxidation especially in air. This compound was obtained in the form of porous material by reactive sintering starting from elementar powders. The powder mixture was pressed at 500 MPa, and, the sintering took place at a temperature of 700 °C, for 30 minutes under vacuum. Following the reaction only the Al3Ti compound was formed. The obtained samples had a pore size distribution in the 3-100 μm range."

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Yabe, Moeka, Hikari Watanabe, Isao Shitanda, Masayuki Itagaki, Tomonari Kogure, and Hitoshi Tanino. "Titanium Compound Coating on SUS Separator for PEFC By Screen Printing." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 67 (2024): 4588. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02674588mtgabs.

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Currently, the metal separators of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are mainly made of Ti alloys with press working. According to the report by Strategic Analysis Inc1), Ti separator accounts for a large ratio of the PEFC stack cost. To reduce this cost, it is effective to use inexpensive stainless steel and to apply the coating by screen printing, which is relatively easy to form patterns and less expensive than evaporation or sputtering. However, stainless steel has lower corrosion resistance than that of titanium, and its conductivity decreases in aqueous solution due to the formation of passive film. The purposes of this study are to develop a coating with excellent corrosion resistance and conductivity, as well as adhesion and durability, and to apply the coating on stainless steel by screen-printing. Titanium nitride and titanium carbide were employed as tillers among titanium compounds that have high corrosion resistance and sufficiently low electrical resistivity comparable to that of titanium. As a result of the research, a coating thickness of several hundred micro-m became possible, and it was decided that the gas flow path fabrication would also be done by screen printing. In this experiment, we used titanium nitride powder with different particle sizes, Olycox KC-1300 as binder, and 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate as solvent to prepare printing pastes. 4 g of binder and 10 mL of solvent were weighed and stirred at 80°C for 12 hours using a magnetic stirrer. 4 g of the stirred solution was mixed with 4 g of titanium nitride powder to form a paste. The paste was screen-printed on SUS304 using a plate simulating a gas flow channel, and then dried at 250°C for 6 hours. The resistance of the coatings prepared by the above method was evaluated after pressure treatment. In addition, anodic polarization was measured in a three-electrode system. The contact resistance was targeted to be less than 10 mΩcm2 , the target value for the contact resistance of PEFC separators, as specified by the U.S. DOE.2) References 1) Mass Production Cost Estimation of Direct H2 PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Transportation Applications: 2017 Update, Brian D. James, Jennie M. Huya-Kouadio, Cassidy Houchins, Daniel A. DeSantis, Strategic Analysis Inc., December 2017. 2) Fuel Cell Technologies Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan, U.S. DOE, 2017

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Striewe, Barbara, N. Grittner, Axel von Hehl, and Florian Nürnberger. "Heat Treatment of Titanium-Aluminum-Compounds Made by Co-Extrusion of Asymmetric Compound Profiles." Materials Science Forum 828-829 (August 2015): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.828-829.206.

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Combining different materials allows designing lightweight structures with tailor-made properties at the macroscopic as well as at the microscopic scale. In this context co-extrusion by lateral angular co-extrusion process (LACE) offers a great potential for advanced products by joining different light alloys, such as titanium and aluminum alloys. While titanium alloys show particular high mechanical strength values and a good corrosion resistance, aluminum alloys feature a considerable high specific bending stiffness at low materials costs. Within the presented research study metallic compounds were manufactured by co-extrusion using a LACE process. Since the mechanical properties of metallic composites highly depend on the existence and formation of an intermetallic layer, the bonding zone of the compounds were investigated. Experiments were carried out at the example of the material combinations Al99.5 & Ti99.2 and AlSi1MgMn & Ti99.2, respectively. The results of co-extruded samples concerning the intermetallic layer that was formed during heat treatment were compared with those directly after the co-extrusion. The investigations were focused on the formation of the bonding zone after both co-extrusion and the subsequent heat treatment. The bonding zone was characterized by scanning electron microscopy as well as electron probe micro analysis. Finally, the bond strength of each compound variant was determined and evaluated.

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Kuzin, Evgeniy N. "COMPLEX TITANIUM-CONTAINING REAGENTS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES OF THE FISHING INDUSTRY." ChemChemTech 67, no. 7 (2024): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20246707.6997.

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The issues of removing nutrients from wastewater from various industries have recently received more and more attention. Traditional coagulants based on aluminum and iron salts can effectively remove phosphate ions from water, but these reagents are not effective against ammonium ions. As part of the work done, the possibility of using complex titanium-containing coagulants in the processes of dephosphatization of wastewater from the fish processing industry was considered. It has been proven that the use of magnesium titanium reagents makes it possible to carry out the coprecipitation of ammonium and phosphate ions in the form of the complex compound of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) with high efficiency. To implement the purification process, a 10–20% stoichiometric excess of magnesium compounds from the calculated value is required, while the efficiency of precipitation of ammonium compounds exceeds 50%, and phosphate anion 95%. The optimal pH range for the process of coprecipitation of ammonium and phosphate ions in the form of a complex compound is 10.0 – 10.5. The results of studies conducted on real water from a fish processing plant demonstrated the increased efficiency of complex titanium-containing reagents compared to traditional coagulants based on aluminum, iron and magnesium salts. The possibility of using magnesium-containing waste from the production of refractory materials has been established both as a precursor for the production of complex coagulants and as an individual reagent. It has been proven that the use of complex titanium-containing reagents makes it possible to significantly intensify the processes of sedimentation (15%) and filtration (20%) of coagulation sludge. The use of complex reagents will significantly increase the level of environmental safety of production and reduce the anthropogenic load on the hydrosphere. For citation: Kuzin E.N. Complex titanium-containing reagents in wastewater treatment processes of the fishing industry. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2024. V. 67. N 7. P. 127-135. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20246707.6997.

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34

Li, De-qiang, Yu-jie Meng, Jun Li, Ying-jie Song, and Feng Xu. "TiO2/carbonaceous nanocomposite from titanium-alginate coordination compound." Carbohydrate Polymers 288 (July 2022): 119400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119400.

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35

Prosanov, I. Yu. "Complex compound polyvinyl alcohol-titanic acid/titanium dioxide." Physics of the Solid State 55, no. 2 (2013): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783413020248.

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36

Jerzykiewicz, Lucjan B., Józef Utko, Łukasz John, Marek Duczmal, and Piotr Sobota. "Titanium−Manganese Compound with a Chiral Mn3Ti Center." Inorganic Chemistry 46, no. 22 (2007): 9024–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic7013094.

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37

Kuz’min, E. V., M. P. Korolev, V. I. Lysak, et al. "FEATURES OF FORMING A COMPOSITE TITANIUM-STEEL JOINT DURING ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXPLOSIVE WELDING." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 11(246) (November 26, 2020): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2020-11-246-19-23.

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The article presents studies of the influence of ultrasound exposure during explosive loading on the formation of a titanium-steel composite compound. It is shown that the introduction of ultrasound during explosive loading leads to the formation of an almost rectilinear boundary between titanium and steel. The chemical composition of the fused metal sections is considered. The results of the separation strength of layers of the titanium-steel composite are presented.

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38

Grittner, N., B. Striewe, A. von Hehl, et al. "Co-Extrusion of Aluminium-Titanium-Compounds." Key Engineering Materials 491 (September 2011): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.491.67.

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The combination of different metallic materials enables the design of lightweight structures with tailor-made properties at global as well local scale and offers great potential for advanced solutions especially for the aircraft and automobile sector. Whereas titanium alloys show particular high mechanical strength and good corrosion resistance, aluminium alloys provide a considerable lower density and consequently higher potential for weight savings. However, after conventional fusion joining, e.g. after laser beam welding, heat affected zones, porosity or grain growth may occur and impair the local properties [1, 2]. In contrast, by solid-state joining techniques like co-extrusion these disadvantages can be avoided. Therefore co-extrusion exhibits an attractive solution for long products combining aluminium and titanium based alloys. Current investigations have been focused on the co-extrusion of aluminium and titanium, where titanium is the reinforcing element that is inserted in aluminium profiles. Two different billet variants were examined in the investigations, a titanium-core integrally moulded in the aluminium-billet and titanium-core inserted in a hollow drilled aluminium-billet. Experiments were made with different material combinations, Al99.5 with titanium grade 2 and AlSi1MgMn with Ti6Al4V. Beside mechanical properties of compound the formation of bonding zone are presented.

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39

Averkiev, I. K., O. R. Bakieva, and V. V. Kriventsov. "A Comprehensive Study of the Local Atomic Structure of Promising Ti-Containing Compounds." Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования, no. 6 (June 1, 2023): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s1028096023060055.

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A comprehensive study of the local atomic structure of titanium compounds obtained by mechanical activation (Ti–Al–C, Ti2AlC) and reference samples (Ti, TiH2) using EXAFS and EXELFS spectroscopy has been carried out. An analysis of the local atomic structure of titanium hydride shows that the presence of hydrogen expands the crystal lattice and leads to a change in the parameters of the local atomic structure. This change is observed both in the EXAFS and EXELFS spectra. It is shown that after mechanical activation, the coordination numbers decrease, which may indicate the formation of a multiphase system. Further annealing leads to the formation of the Ti2AlC compound, which is confirmed by the results of model calculations.

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40

Hasaan, Khalidah. "Preparation of Titanium dioxide Nano powder and deposits the powder on Titanium slides." Journal of Kufa-Physics 9, no. 2 (2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31257/2018/jkp/2017/v9.i2.9435.

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The research aims to prepare titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle powder in a chemically based method depending on the principle of top-to-bottom construction, and to use the prepared powder to coat titanium strips and study their properties for medical applications. The powder was prepared by the reaction of titanium trichloride with ammonium hydroxide and by appropriate standard conditions of temperature and pressure, and then put the reaction product from the previous process in an ultrasonic device where the solution turns into a colloidal white-colored state. Synthetic tests were performed using X-ray diffraction technique, results showed the presence of titanium dioxide granules with residues of ammonium compounds, we also examined the granular size of this foam liquid and the particle sizes were in micrometers. The prepared compound is placed in a centrifuge machine where we obtain a white powder and then dry it in a 100 ° C. The atomic force microscopy tests showed that the granular volume of the prepared TiO2 was about 80-60 nanometers. A titanium strip was coated with a thin layer of the prepared nonmetric powder. The corrosion tests were performed for the slide. The curves of the open circuit and the tafel show an improvement in the metal behavior after coating with the powder, which increases its resistance to corrosion

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Boonmee, Sarum, Kittirat Worakhut, and Preecha Maneelum. "Effect of Titanium on Microstructure and Solidification Behavior of Gray Irons." Materials Science Forum 987 (April 2020): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.987.177.

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This study investigates the microstructure and the solidification behavior of titanium-alloyed gray irons. Thermal analysis technique was used to identify the Temperature of Liquidus Arrest (TLA), the Temperature of Eutectic Undercooling (TEU) and the Temperature of the Eutectic Recalescence (TER). It was found that the titanium addition promoted the formation of the primary austenite causing the larger difference in TLA and TEU. In addition, titanium encouraged the refining of eutectic mixture. The SEM showed the graphite particles were refined with increasing titanium. Fine particles of titanium-containing compound were readily observed throughout the microstructure. The hardness as high as 176 HB was achieved at 0.495%Ti addition.

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Bak, Tadeusz, Truls Norby, Janusz Nowotny, Maria K. Nowotny, and Nikolaus Sucher. "Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst - Unresolved Problems." Solid State Phenomena 162 (June 2010): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.162.77.

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The present work considers the performance of TiO2-based photosensitive oxide semiconductors as photocatalysts for water purification. This paper brings together the concepts of solid state chemistry for nonstoichiometric compounds and the concepts of photocatalysis in order to discuss the reactivity between TiO2 and water including microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). The performance of TiO2 photocatalysts are considered in terms of a model of photoelectrochemical cell. The experimental data on photocatalytic removal of microorganisms from water are considered in terms of the effect of several properties, including pH, dispersion, light intensity, and temperature. It is argued that correct understanding of the performance of TiO2 photocatalysts requires recognition that properties of TiO2, which is a nonstoichiometric compound, are determined by defect disorder and the related ability to donate or accept electrons. The photocatalytic properties of TiO2 are considered in terms of the reactivity of both anodic and cathodic sites with water and the related charge transfer at the TiO2/H2O interface. It is shown that the formation of well defined photocatalysts requires knowledge of mass and charge transfer during processing and performance, respectively. The main hurdles in the development of high-performance photocatalysts are discussed.

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Tan, Qian, Yaoxi Liu, Ting Lei, et al. "Study on the Mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the Treatment of Traumatic Bone Defects." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (October 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8646394.

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Traumatic bone defect is one of the major orthopedic diseases in clinics, and its incidence is increasing year by year. And repairing traumatic bone defects is a very difficult problem in clinics at present. The surface of medical titanium-based alloy has good biological properties, and its implant has a certain role in promoting bone in bone tissue. However, titanium-based materials are biologically inert and have no biological activity. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza has the efficacy of treating bone diseases and promoting bone healing. The curative effect can be better exerted by loading the traditional Chinese medicine active compound Salvia miltiorrhiza on the surface of the titanium implant in a certain way. At present, due to the complex chemical composition of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the mechanism of its use for the treatment of traumatic bone defects is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we mainly discussed the potential target and mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the treatment of traumatic bone defects through network pharmacology, which may provide a scientific basis for the treatment of traumatic bone defects with Salvia miltiorrhiza loaded on the surface of medical titanium-based alloy. We screened out effective compounds and targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza and targets related to traumatic bone defects with the help of relevant databases. The targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza for traumatic bone defects were analyzed by STRING and GeneCards databases, and the results were visualized by constructing a compound-target network, protein-protein interaction network, and compound-target-disease network with Cytoscape 3.7.1 analysis software. Finally, the selected core targets carried out GO and KEGG enrichment. The results showed that 60 main active components were screened from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which could act on 149 targets. There were 33 active components and 70 targets related to traumatic bone defects, respectively. The core targets of Salvia miltiorrhiza in the treatment of traumatic bone defects were MAPK1, MAPK10, MAPK14, TGFB1, and TNF. The results of enrichment analysis showed that Salvia miltiorrhiza might treat traumatic bone defects through an osteogenic differentiation pathway.

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44

Weller, Frank, Fritjof Schmock, and Kurt Dehnicke. "Die Kristallstruktur des Phosphaniminato-Komplexes [TiCl3(NPPh3)•TiCl4]2 / Crystal Structure of the Phosphorane Iminato Complex [TiCl3(NPPh3)•TiCl4]2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 51, no. 9 (1996): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1996-0924.

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The title compound was prepared from Me3SiNPPh3 and an excess of titanium tetrachloride. It forms yellow-orange crystals, which were characterized by IR spectroscopy and by crystal structure determination. Space group P21/n, Z = 2; lattice dimensions at 20°C: a = 1189.2(1), b - 1718.5(1), c = 1238.1(1) pm, β = 93.363(7)°. The compound forms centrosymmetric dimers in which the titanium atoms are triply and doubly bridged by chlorine atoms to give face- and edgesharing octahedra, respectively. In the linear units [Ti]=N =PPh3 the Ti-N bond distance of 171.6(3) pm corresponds to a double bond.

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45

Su, Hu-Chao, Yin-Yin Wu, Jin-Le Hou, Guang-Ling Zhang, Qin-Yu Zhu, and Jie Dai. "Dye molecule bonded titanium alkoxide: a possible new type of dye for sensitized solar cells." Chemical Communications 52, no. 21 (2016): 4072–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc00551a.

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An organic dye coordinated titanium iso-propoxide compound is designed and synthesized. Taking advantage of the hydrolysis of the titanium alkoxide moiety on the surface of the TiO2 electrode, the dye–semiconductor surface properties, including anchoring and dispersivity, are improved, which opens a new perspective to explore dyes for DSSCs.

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46

Ziental, Daniel, Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska, Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk, et al. "Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Prospects and Applications in Medicine." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (2020): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020387.

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Metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), including titanium dioxide NPs, among polymeric NPs, liposomes, micelles, quantum dots, dendrimers, or fullerenes, are becoming more and more important due to their potential use in novel medical therapies. Titanium dioxide (titanium(IV) oxide, titania, TiO2) is an inorganic compound that owes its recent rise in scientific interest to photoactivity. After the illumination in aqueous media with UV light, TiO2 produces an array of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The capability to produce ROS and thus induce cell death has found application in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of a wide range of maladies, from psoriasis to cancer. Titanium dioxide NPs were studied as photosensitizing agents in the treatment of malignant tumors as well as in photodynamic inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Both TiO2 NPs themselves, as well as their composites and combinations with other molecules or biomolecules, can be successfully used as photosensitizers in PDT. Moreover, various organic compounds can be grafted on TiO2 nanoparticles, leading to hybrid materials. These nanostructures can reveal increased light absorption, allowing their further use in targeted therapy in medicine. In order to improve efficient anticancer and antimicrobial therapies, many approaches utilizing titanium dioxide were tested. Results of selected studies presenting the scope of potential uses are discussed in this review.

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47

Aghayeva, Kamalya Kheybar, Turana Alish Iskandarova, Afet Yusif Guliyeva, Farida Zaid Madatova, and Vagif Baghiyev. "X-Ray study of Mo-W-O, Ti-W-O and Cu-W-O catalysts." Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 14, no. 2 (2024): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc02408281794baghiev.

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An X-ray study of the phase composition of Mo-W-O, Ti-W-O, and Cu-W-O catalysts was carried out. Analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns of the Mo-W-O catalytic system showed that in all samples, mainly the phases of molybdenum and tungsten oxides, namely MoO3 and WO3, are formed. It is shown that, in contrast to Mo-W-O catalysts, in addition to the initial titanium and tungsten oxides, the samples of the Ti-W-O catalytic system also contain phases of chemical compounds. So, in Ti-W-O samples, there are phases of titanium oxide (anatase), titanium oxide (rutile), and tungsten oxide. It has been established that the degree of crystallinity of binary titanium-tungsten oxide samples decreases with increasing titanium content in the catalyst composition from 83.4% to 70.2%. In the case of copper-tungsten oxide catalysts, in addition to the initial oxides of copper and tungsten also contain phases of the chemical compound of copper tungstate, and crystallinity degrees of binary copper-tungsten oxide samples changes in the ranges from 85.7% to 41.3%.

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Kuang, Hong Hai, Yun Yun Kuang, Ze Hong Chen, Zhi Hong Wu, and Bo Jiang. "Gelatin Immobilization on Titanium Surface by Gamma Irradiation." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.685.

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Radiation induced graft polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEMA) on titanium surface and couple gelatin have been studied in the paper. The composition and properties of surface modified titanium were investigated by several surface sensitive techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results of the technological measurements show that surface chemistry is affected throughout the surface modification process, finally leading to a complete and homogeneous vinyl compound overlayer on top of the titanium samples. And the modified porous titanium exhibits an interesting mineralization in simulated body fluid (SBF) and an adsorptive property in bovine serum albumin (BSA).

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Kemmitt, T., N. I. Al-Salim, and G. J. Gainsford. "N-Methyldiethanolamine-Modified Titanium Isopropoxide: X-Ray Crystal Structure of [Ti2(μ2-(OCH2CH2)2NCH3)(μ2-OPri)(OPri)5]." Australian Journal of Chemistry 55, no. 8 (2002): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch02087.

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A highly fluxional dititanium N-methyldiethoxoamine hexaisopropoxide complex was isolated from reactions of N-methyldiethanolamine with Ti(OPri)4. X-ray crystallography identified the solid state compound as the unsymmetrical complex Ti2(μ2-(OCH2CH2)2NCH3)(μ2-OPri)(OPri)5. In solution, the time-averaged structure was shown by NMR to be symmetrical. The amine function coordinates to both titanium atoms alternately, while the isopropoxide ligands exchange to maintain equal coordination numbers on both titaniums. Variable temperature NMR demonstrates that the exchange processes slow on cooling, and a spectrum consistent with the solid-state structure is apparent at –50�C.

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Abrashov, Aleksey, Nelya Grigoryan, Tigran Vagramyan, and Naum Asnis. "On the Mechanism of Formation of Conversion Titanium-Containing Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 4 (2020): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040328.

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The present work is devoted to the study of the mechanism of the process of formation of adhesive oxide-titanium coatings on steel, zinc, and aluminum surfaces. For the first time, the following hypothesis has been confirmed experimentally, namely, that nickel, being the first metal to be deposited on a steel substrate, creates active centers on which titanium oxides are formed, because the hydrolysis of hexafluorotitanic acid is adsorbed, which then form a continuous film. The data obtained, regarding the dependence of the coating thickness on the linear rate of the solution flow along the treated surface, indirectly confirm that the formation of insoluble titanium oxides occurs because of the alkalization of the solution adjacent to the surface. It has been established that in the presence of hexavalent molybdenum compounds in the solution as oxidizers, molybdenum is included in the coating in the form of oxides. It has been revealed that in the lower layers of the coating, molybdenum is contained in the form of compounds of molybdenum (V) and (VI), while in the upper layers, it is contained only in the form of the compound of molybdenum (VI).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Titanium compound'

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