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Journal articles on the topic 'Titanium hydride'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 June 2024

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1

Peddada, S. R., I. M. Robertson, and H. K. Birnbaum. "Hydride precipitation in vapor deposited Ti thin films." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 2 (February 1993): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.0291.

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Titanium hydrides having two different crystal structures were observed in α–Ti thin films grown epitaxially on sapphire substrates by e-beam physical vapor deposition. One of the hydrides (γ-hydride) had a face-centered tetragonal structure (c/a > 1) with an ordered arrangement of hydrogen atoms. The second hydride formed was the fcc δ-hydride. The γ-hydride grew as platelets in the α–Ti lattice with {10$\overline 1$0}Ti habit planes, whereas the γ-hydrides formed directly on the sapphire substrate parallel to the (0001)Ti. These hydrides are one of the principal causes of film decohesion.

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2

Morgan, Adam, Vahid Dehnavi, Dmitrij Zagidulin, David Shoesmith, and James J. Noël. "The Mechanism of Titanium Hydride Formation on Grade-2 Titanium." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 11 (December 22, 2023): 3372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02113372mtgabs.

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ASTM Grade-2 titanium (Ti-2) is a commercially pure grade widely used for its corrosion resistance in extreme environments. Therefore, Ti-2 has found applications within industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, and nuclear power, where it is used for components such as reaction vessels, piping, and heat exchangers. Challenges with the fabrication process result in relatively high amounts of iron in commercial materials such as Grade-2, Grade-7, and Grade-12, which all have a maximum tolerance of 0.3 wt.% iron. The amount of iron present in titanium has been shown to have a significant effect on the microstructure and corrosion behaviour[1]. For example, Fe will precipitate and form TixFe intermetallic particles (IMPs) along grain boundaries if the local solubility limit is exceeded. Many of the corrosion processes (e.g., crevice corrosion) that determine the long-term integrity of Ti are strongly affected by the presence of IMPs[1]. Another detrimental corrosion scenario is the formation of titanium hydride (TiHx), which can precipitate on the surface and/or in the bulk material when the hydrogen concentration is high enough. Formation of TiHx phases increases the susceptibility of the metal to cracking, as the hydride is less ductile than the metal and its formation results in a strain-inducing volume increase within the matrix. Despite the proven importance of IMPs to the corrosion behaviour of Ti, and the detrimental effects of hydride formation on the material’s integrity, a direct relationship between IMPs and TiHx formation is not well established. There is some evidence that titanium hydride formation initiates at IMPs[2], but a complete mechanistic understanding is missing. In this study, the initiation and propagation mechanism of TiHx formation on Ti-2 is being investigated over a 24-hour period. Hydrides were grown galvanostatically in a simulated crevice corrosion environment. The surface was analyzed at various times using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), focused ion beam (FIB) milling, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). By visualizing TiHx within the matrix using FE-SEM, we determined that titanium hydride formation initiates at IMPs and then grows both laterally and vertically around the IMP. After reaching a depth of ~ 4 µm below the surface of the IMP, the hydride stops growing vertically but continues to spread laterally across the Ti grain face until full surface coverage is reached. Finally, a steady-state condition is reached, in which hydride is present as a uniformly distributed layer across the surface with a thickness of ~ 4 μm. Additionally, the electrochemical potential values during the galvanostatic hydride growth process and the amount of hydride detected using XRD both support the hypothesis of the hydride growing rapidly before reaching a limited thickness. [1] X. He, J. J. Noël, D. W. Shoesmith, Corrosion 2004, 60, 378–386. [2] Q. Tan, Z. Yan, H. Wang, D. Dye, S. Antonov, B. Gault, Scr. Mater. 2022, 213, 114640.

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3

Dong, Shucheng, Baicheng Wang, Yuchao Song, Guangyu Ma, Huiyan Xu, Dmytro Savvakin, and Orest Ivasishin. "Comparative Study on Cold Compaction Behavior of TiH2 Powder and HDH-Ti Powder." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (July 26, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9999541.

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The compaction mechanism of titanium hydride powder is an important issue because it has a direct impact on density and strength of green compacts and ultimately on the physical and mechanical properties of a final sintered products. In this paper, the characteristics and compaction behavior of titanium hydride and hydrogenation-dehydrogenation titanium powders are comparatively studied and analyzed for better understanding of compaction mechanism of brittle low-strength titanium hydride. The results indicate that the particles of titanium hydride powder are easily crushed under compaction loading at relatively low pressure well below compression strength of bulk titanium hydride, the degree of particle crushed increases with the increase of pressure. The compaction behavior of titanium hydride powder mainly includes the rearrangement and crushing of particles in the early compaction stage, minor plastic deformation, if any, and further rearrangement of particle fragments with filling the pores in the later stage. Such compaction behavior provides relative density of green hydride compacts higher than that for titanium powder of the same size. The relatively coarse titanium hydride powder with wide particle size distribution is easier to fill the pores providing highest green density.

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4

Pavlenko, Vyacheslav Ivanovich, Andrey Ivanovich Gorodov, Roman Nikolayevich Yastrebinsky, Natalia Igorevna Cherkashina, and Alexander Alexandrovich Karnauhov. "Increasing the Adherence of Metallic Copper to the Surface of Titanium Hydride." ChemEngineering 5, no. 4 (October 25, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5040072.

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Studies have been carried out to increase the adhesive interaction between a titanium hydride substrate and a copper coating. An additional layer containing chemically active groups was created on the surface of the spherical titanium hydride by chemisorption modification. This paper discusses the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic mapping of coatings obtained on spherical granules of titanium hydride before and after adsorption modification. The mechanism of interaction of the surface of spherical granules of titanium hydride and titanium sulfate salt is proposed. It is shown that the creation of a chemisorbed layer of hydroxotitanyl and the subsequent electrodeposition of metallic copper contribute to the formation of a multilayer shell of a titanium–copper coating on the surface of spherical titanium hydride granules (≡Ti-O-Cu-) with a high adhesive interaction. Results have been given for an experimental study of the thermal stability of the initial spherical granules of titanium hydride and granules coated with a multilayer titanium-copper shell.

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5

CONFORTO, Egle, and Xavier FEAUGAS. "A Review of Hydride Precipitates in Titanium and Zirconium Alloys: Precipitation, Dissolution and Crystallographic Orientation Relationships." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 11042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032111042.

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This work proposes a review of recent results on the formation and dissolution of hydrides in HCP alloys (Ti and Zr alloys) correlated to the nature of crystallographic hydride phases and their ORs. The crystallographic coherence observed between the surface hydride layer and the substrate is very important for many applications as for biomaterials devices. Five particular orientation relationships (OR) were identified between titanium/zirconium hydride precipitates and the oc-Ti and a-Zr substrates. In addition, the nature of hydrides have a large implication on the ductility, the strain hardening, and the local plastic strain accommodation in the Ti alloys. Our studies using XDR, TEM and SEM-EBSD have been demonstrating that the nature of the hydride phase precipitates depends on the hydrogen content. DSC has been used to obtain the hydride dissolution and precipitation energy values at the bulk scale, whose difference can be associated to misfit dislocations. Local in-situ TEM dissolution observations show the depinning of part of misfit dislocations during dissolution process. Hydride reprecipitation is thus possible only if hydrogen is not driven away during heating by misfit dislocations depinning.

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6

Conforto, Egle, Stephane Cohendoz, Cyril Berziou, Patrick Girault, and Xavier Feaugas. "Formation and Dissolution of Hydride Precipitates in Zirconium Alloys: Crystallographic Orientation Relationships and Stability after Temperature Cycling." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 2330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.2330.

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Hydride precipitation due to the spontaneous and fast hydrogen diffusion is often pointed as causing embrittlement and rupture in zirconium alloys used in the nuclear industry. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Rays Diffraction (XRD) have been used to study the precipitation of hydride phases in zirconium alloys as a function of the hydrogen content. The orientation relationships observed between the hydride phase and the substrate were similar to those previously observed in Titanium hydrides grown on Titanium. Dislocation emission from the hydride precipitates has been directly related to the relaxation of the misfit stresses appearing during the transformation. The stability of the hydride phases after several dissolution-reprecipitation cycles have been studied by DSC, TEM and XRD for different total hydrogen content in several alloys. The energy of precipitation observed is lower than that of the dissolution in each case studied. The temperature associated with these two processes slightly increase as a function of the cycle number, as a result of the homogenizing hydrogen distribution in the alloy bulk. The same hydrides phases present before cycling were also observed after 20 cycles. However, transition phases poorer in hydrogen than the dominant one may precipitate at the interface with the substrate. The evolution of these transitions phases with the temperature increase will be investigated by TEM in-situ heating in the next future.

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7

Rezaei Ardani, Mohammad, Sheikh Abdul Rezan Sheikh Abdul Hamid, Dominic C. Y. Foo, and Abdul Rahman Mohamed. "Synthesis of Ti Powder from the Reduction of TiCl4 with Metal Hydrides in the H2 Atmosphere: Thermodynamic and Techno-Economic Analyses." Processes 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091567.

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Titanium hydride (TiH2) is one of the basic materials for titanium (Ti) powder metallurgy. A novel method was proposed to produce TiH2 from the reduction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with magnesium hydride (MgH2) in the hydrogen (H2) atmosphere. The primary approach of this process is to produce TiH2 at a low-temperature range through an efficient and energy-saving process for further titanium powder production. In this study, the thermodynamic assessment and technoeconomic analysis of the process were investigated. The results show that the formation of TiH2 is feasible at low temperatures, and the molar ratio between TiCl4 and metal hydride as a reductant material has a critical role in its formation. Moreover, it was found that the yield of TiH2 is slightly higher when CaH2 is used as a reductant agent. The calculated equilibrium composition diagrams show that when the molar ratio between TiCl4 and metal hydrides is greater than the stoichiometric amount, the TiCl3 phase also forms. With a further increase in this ratio to greater than 4, no TiH2 was formed, and TiCl3 was the dominant product. Furthermore, the technoeconomic study revealed that the highest return on investment was achieved for the production scale of 5 t/batch of Ti powder production, with a payback time of 2.54 years. The analysis shows that the application of metal hydrides for TiH2 production from TiCl4 is technically feasible and economically viable.

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8

Yastrebinsky, R. N., G. G. Bondarenko, V. I. Pavlenko, and A. A. Karnaukhov. "Diffusion-thermal phase transformations in titanium hydride containing a multi-quality system of hydrogen traps." Perspektivnye Materialy 6 (2021): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2021-6-5-15.

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Diffusion-thermal phase transformations in a modified titanium hydride containing a multiparting system of hydrogen traps. Modification of titanium hydride was carried out by the method of layer-by-layer electrochemical precipitation of metallic titanium and copper from organic and inorganic solutions of their salts. The creation on the surface of the titanium hydride of a multilayer coating (Ti – Cu) obtained by the electrochemical precipitation method increases the thermal stability of the metal hydride system by 229.7 °C. Methods of X-ray-phase, X-ray structural and electron-probe microanalysis are shown, the constancy of the phase composition of the modified titanium hydride in the temperature range of 100 – 700 °C. The most essential defects of the crystal lattice in a modified titanium hydride occur at a temperature of 500 °C — due to the hydrogenation of the modification titanium shell and blocking the microcrack of the surface with a copper coating, the period of the elementary cell and the volume of the hydride phase crystal volume changes. The largest concentration of hydrogen in the surface layer (up to 87.9 %) occurs in the temperature range of 300 – 500 °C, which ensures the maximum density of defects in the crystal lattice. At 700 °C, a dislocation density decreases and a decrease in the crystal cell parameters associated with the annealing mode of titanium hydride and hydrogen thermal diffusion into the volume of material. A metallic titanium precipitated on the titanium hydride surface is an effective structural trap of hydrogen diffusing to surface layers during thermal heating, and the creation of an additional protective copper sheath prevents the thermal diffusion of hydrogen into the environment.

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9

Goren, S. D., C. Korn, H. Riesemeier, E. Rössler, and K. Lüders. "Titanium Knight shift in titanium hydride." Physical Review B 34, no. 10 (November 15, 1986): 6917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.34.6917.

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10

Yastrebinskii, R. N., and A. A. Karnauhov. "Composition Material for Radiation Protection Based on Modified Disperse Titanium Hydride and Silicate Connecting." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.163.

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This paper presents an analysis of known radiation protection materials. The prospects of using materials based on titanium hydride are shown. The possibility of obtaining finely ground titanium hydride with a high content of atomic hydrogen in its structure has been established. The features of the physicochemical interaction of dispersed titanium hydride and heavy flint, after hydrolysis in the alkaline environment of the organosilicon modifier – tetraethoxysilane, are revealed. The possibility of obtaining a thermostable low-activated composite material based on dispersed titanium hydride for complex protection against neutron and gamma radiation has been established. The structure of the obtained composite was investigated.

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11

Yastrebinsky, R. N., V. I. Pavlenko, A. I. Gorodov, A. A. Karnauhov, N. I. Cherkashina, and A. V. Yastrebinskay. "Effect of electrochemical modification of titanium hydride fraction on oxygen content in surface and deep layers." Materials Research Express 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 016401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac45bd.

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Abstract The paper presents a study of the microstructure and oxygen concentration in the surface and deep layers of fractions of unmodified titanium hydride and titanium hydride modified by electrodeposited layers of Ti and Cu at temperatures of 300 °C–900 °C. The composition of the oxide layer and the concentration of titanium and oxygen atoms are estimated. It is shown that an increase in the thickness and compaction of the oxide layer with increasing temperature prevents the penetration of oxygen into the deep layers of the unmodified fraction of titanium hydride. Modification of titanium hydride by electrochemical deposition of metallic titanium at a temperature of 700 °C reduces the oxygen concentration in titanium hydride at a layer depth of 50 μm from 35 wt% to 12.5 wt%. Electrodeposition of coatings based on titanium and copper at 700 °C reduces the oxygen concentration to 9.2 wt%, which may be due to the protective mechanism of the formed copper titanate layer. At 900 °C, in the modification layer based on titanium and copper, due to the eutectoid transformation of the β-phase of titanium, the process of contact melting occurs and a multiphase zone is formed. The oxygen concentration at a layer depth of 50 μm is no more than 12.4 wt%.

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12

Sung, Tek Kyoung, In-Shup Ahn, Sung-Yeal Bae, Woo Hyun Jeong, Dong-Kyu Park, Kwang Chul Jung, and You-Young Kim. "Characteristics of Titanium Carbide Fabricated by Fine Titanium Hydride Powder." Journal of Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 12, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4150/kpmi.2005.12.3.174.

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13

Prestipino, R. M., and B. K. Furman. "SIMS/TEM characterization of titanium thin films." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 590–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100144425.

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Thin metal films are important constituents of semiconductor devices and packages. One metal of primary interest is titanium. It is known that titanium is susceptible to absorption of hydrogen at elevated temperatures and forms hydrides that can cause embrittlement and cracking. In this study secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was used to study the absorption of hydrogen into titanium thin films as a function of processing conditions. SIMS/ion imaging provided information on hydrogen segregation and hydride formation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study the microstructure of the fi1ms.

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14

Chirico, Caterina, Sophia Alexandra Tsipas, Pablo Wilczynski, and Elena Gordo. "Beta Titanium Alloys Produced from Titanium Hydride: Effect of Alloying Elements on Titanium Hydride Decomposition." Metals 10, no. 5 (May 22, 2020): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050682.

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The use of titanium hydride as a raw material has been an attractive alternative for the production of titanium components produced by powder metallurgy, due to increased densification of Ti compacts, greater control of contamination and cost reduction of the raw materials. However, a significant amount of hydrogen that often remains on the samples could generate degradation of the mechanical properties. Therefore, understanding decomposition mechanisms is essential to promote the components’ long life. Several studies on titanium hydride (TiH2) decomposition have been developed; nevertheless, few studies focus on the effect of the alloying elements on the dehydrogenation process. In this work, the effects of the addition of different amounts of Fe (5 and 7 wt. %) and Nb (12, 25, and 40 wt. %) as alloying elements were evaluated in detail. Results suggest that α→β transformation of Ti occurs below 800 °C; β phase can be observed at lower temperature than the expected according to the phase diagram. It was found that β phase transformation could take place during the intermediate stage of dehydrogenation. A mechanism was proposed for the effect of allying elements on the dehydrogenation process.

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15

Cherezov, N. P., M. I. Alymov, and V. V. Zakorzhevsky. "Research of titanium powder obtained by SHS–hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in a vacuum furnace." Perspektivnye Materialy 3 (2022): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-3-70-77.

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The method of SHS (self-propagating high-temperature synthesis) allows the efficient synthesis of titanium hydride. The article presents new results of experimental studies of titanium powders synthesized by the method of SHS hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in a vacuum furnace. Changes in the microstructure, phase and chemical composition during hydrogenation-dehydrogenation of a titanium sponge were studied. The titanium sponge was hydrogenated in a high-pressure SHS reactor at a hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa. The content of oxygen and carbon impurities decrease in the process of SHS hydrogenation was found. After hydrogenation, the sponge is a single-phase δ-hydride of titanium with a tetragonal lattice, the particles have a fragmentary shape. In the obtained titanium hydride, an increased hydrogen content of 4.64 wt. % was noted. The hydrogenated titanium sponge was mechanically crushed in a drum-ball mill to a particle size of 40 – 250 microns. Dehydrogenation of titanium hydride powder was carried out in a vacuum furnace at a temperature of 850 °C for 220 minutes. Titanium after dehydrogenation is a single-phase α-titanium powder with a hexagonal close packed lattice, the size and shape of the particles have not changed. The technological process under study provides the possibility of obtaining high-quality titanium powders of the necessary granulometric composition for various fields of powder metallurgy.

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16

de Graaf, Sytze, Jamo Momand, Christoph Mitterbauer, Sorin Lazar, and Bart J. Kooi. "Resolving hydrogen atoms at metal-metal hydride interfaces." Science Advances 6, no. 5 (January 2020): eaay4312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay4312.

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Hydrogen as a fuel can be stored safely with high volumetric density in metals. It can, however, also be detrimental to metals, causing embrittlement. Understanding fundamental behavior of hydrogen at the atomic scale is key to improve the properties of metal-metal hydride systems. However, currently, there is no robust technique capable of visualizing hydrogen atoms. Here, we demonstrate that hydrogen atoms can be imaged unprecedentedly with integrated differential phase contrast, a recently developed technique performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Images of the titanium-titanium monohydride interface reveal stability of the hydride phase, originating from the interplay between compressive stress and interfacial coherence. We also uncovered, 30 years after three models were proposed, which one describes the position of hydrogen atoms with respect to the interface. Our work enables previously unidentified research on hydrides and is extendable to all materials containing light and heavy elements, including oxides, nitrides, carbides, and borides.

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17

Yastrebinsky, R. N., V. I. Pavlenko, A. A. Karnauhov, N. I. Cherkashina, A. V. Yastrebinskaya, and A. I. Gorodov. "Radiation Resistance of a Structural Material Based on Modified Titanium Hydride." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2021 (March 29, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6658431.

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This work investigates the radiation resistance of a structural material based on modified titanium hydride and a Portland cement in a flux of neutron and γ-radiation. An assessment of the geometric and physicomechanical properties is given, along with the surface structure of irradiated cement composites, and the phase composition of the main hydrosilicates of the hydrated cement matrix during its γ-irradiation. It is shown that the use of a shot of titanium hydride increases the radiation resistance of radiation shielding based on a cement matrix, in comparison with the unmodified shot. A composite based on a modified shot of titanium hydride retains its basic properties after γ-irradiation, at an absorbed dose of up to 10 MGy. At an absorbed dose of 2 MGy in the Portland cement matrix of a composite based on a modified shot of titanium hydride, the formation of suolunite hydrosilicates occurs. It was established using X-ray fluorescence that, in the titanium hydride, a redistribution of the electron density occurs at an absorbed dose of γ radiation of 5 MGy, caused by structural phase changes due to the ongoing dehydrogenation processes.

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18

Ястребинская, Anna Yastrebinskaya, Карнаухов, and Aleksandr Karnaukhov. "PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY PROPERTIES OF THE DISPERSED FRACTION OF HYDRIDE OF TITANIUM." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 1, no. 12 (November 11, 2016): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22817.

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In operation physics and technology properties of ground fraction of hydride of titanium, for the purpose of creation, on its basis, radiation resistant material in the conditions of the long radiation and thermal loadings are probed. As the initial material the fraction of hydride of titanium with the content of hydrogen up to 3,35% of masses was used., crushed to dispersibility of 10,7-6,6 microns. Thermogravimetric researches set oxidation of hydride of titanium in the course of heating with formation of rutile that leads to lowering of radiation protective properties of material. For saving radiation protective properties, molding of powdery hydride of titanium to monolithic material in case of different unit pressures is carried out. The optimum technological modes of molding of material are set and the structure of a surface of the received samples is probed. Material is recommended for receiving radiation and thermally resistant aggregate on the basis of the heavy flints filled with hydride of titanium which will be the additional binding agent allowing to provide to a ready aggregate firmness both to neutron and to a gamma to radiation.

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19

Ivasishin, Orest M., Dmytro G. Savvakin, Mykola M. Gumenyak, and Oleksandr B. Bondarchuk. "Role of Surface Contamination in Titanium PM." Key Engineering Materials 520 (August 2012): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.520.121.

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The powder metallurgy (PM) approach is widely used for cost-effective production of titanium alloys and articles. In the PM approach the large specific surface of starting powders heightens the risk of excessive impurity presence and, hence, degradation of final alloy properties. The present study analyzes the opportunity to produce sintered commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) with acceptable impurity content from powder materials. Starting titanium and titanium hydride powders were comparatively examined. The impurity elements (oxygen, chlorine, carbon) and their conditions on the powder particle surface, as well as the surface processes and gases emitted from powders upon heating, have been analyzed by means of surface science techniques. The role of hydrogen emitted from titanium hydride in material purification has been discussed. The opportunity to produce titanium materials with final admissible content of interstitials (O, C, Cl, and H) using starting titanium hydride powder has been demonstrated.

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20

Udayakumar, Sanjith, Atif Sadaqi, Najwa Ibrahim, M. N. Ahmad Fauzi, Sivakumar Ramakrishnan, and Sheikh Abdul Rezan. "Formation of Titanium Hydride from the Reaction Between Magnesium Hydride and Titanium Tetrachloride." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1082 (August 2018): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1082/1/012003.

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21

Yastrebinskiy, R., A. Karnaukhov, V. Pavlenko, A. Gorodov, A. Akimenko, and E. Fanina. "RADIATION-PROTECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPOSITE BASED ON A HEAT-RESISTANT MODIFIED FRACTION OF TITANIUM HYDRIDE." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 7, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2022-7-12-86-93.

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The article describes the technology of obtaining a highly effective composite radiation-protective material based on titanium-coated fraction of titanium hydride and alumina cement binder. The physical and mechanical properties of the resulting composite are investigated. The results of an experimental study of the radiation-protective properties of a composite material based on a titanium-coated titanium hydride and alumina cement fraction with respect to gamma and neutron radiation are presented. Point isotopic sources of fast neutrons Pu-α-Be (neutron energy - 4.5 MeV), isotopic source of gamma radiation Cs-137 (gamma-ray energy - 0.661 MeV) and isotopic source of gamma radiation Co-60 (average energy of gamma–quanta - 1.25 MeV) are used for measurements. The paper compares the effectiveness of protection based on composite and concrete. It is shown that with the same attenuation multiplicity of neutron radiation, the thickness of the protection from a composite based on a modified fraction of titanium hydride and alumina cement will be in ~ 1.7 times less than that of concrete. The use of composite materials based on a modified fraction of titanium hydride and alumina binder will significantly simplify the technology of mounting protection, reduce its weight and size characteristics, cost and increase reliability

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22

Pascu, Cristina Ileana, Stefan Gheorghe, Daniela Florentina Tărâţă, Claudiu Nicolicescu, and Cosmin Mihai Miriţoiu. "Study about the Influence of Two-Steps Sintering (TTS) Route for an Alloy Based on Titanium." Applied Mechanics and Materials 880 (March 2018): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.880.256.

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This paper describes the influence of two-steps sintering regime temperatures concerning the final properties of titanium hydride based alloy obtaining by Two-Steps Sintering (TTS) route, which is a method that is part of the Powder Metallurgy (PM) technology. The initial titanium hydride powder has been mixed with some metallic powders as: Alumix, Mn, Zr, Sn and graphite was added in different proportions for improving the final mechanical properties. The Two-Steps Sintering (TTS) route have been applied for obtaining a low-cost Ti- alloy. The effect of the sintering regime temperatures on the height and diameter shrinkages and density for these alloys based on titanium hydride powder was studied

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23

Cherezov, N. P., and M. I. Alymov. "Structure and properties of titanium hydride powder obtained from titanium sponge by SHS hydrogenation." Izvestiya vuzov. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya i funktsional’nye pokrytiya, no. 4 (December 8, 2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2022-4-15-24.

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The results of the study of the structure and properties of titanium hydride powders obtained from titanium sponge by SHS hydrogenation and mechanical grinding are presented. Hydrogenation was carried out in a reactor at a constant hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa. After passing the combustion wave, the hot titanium sponge was cooled to room temperature in a hydrogenatmosphere. As a result, titanium hydride spongy granules with a hydrogen content of 4.2 wt.% were obtained. Titanium hydride was ground in a ball mill and divided into 4 fractions corresponding to the fractional composition of titanium powder PTK, PTS, PTM and PTOM. Particle size analysis showed that the samples of the PTK and PTOM powders have a narrower particle distribution in comparison with the PTS and PTM ones. Further, obtained powders chemical composition and surface morphology studies were carried out and bulk density, compaction, pycnometric density and specific surface area were determined. According to the chemical analysis results the content of carbon and oxygen impurities decreases during SHS-hydrogenation and the iron content slightly increases during mechanical grinding depending on the grinding time. The study of morphology showed that the hydride titanium particles have an irregular fragmentary shape, such morphology is characteristic of powders obtained by this technology. The surface structure has partially preserved structure of the initial titanium sponge and consists of elongated oriented grains. It is established that with a decrease in the particle size, the bulk density decreases, and the compaction increases. Pycnometric density and specific surface area values are approximately equal for all powder samples.

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24

Lisowski, W. "Oxygen interaction with palladium hydride and titanium hydride surfaces." Surface Science 322, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1995): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(94)00598-2.

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Duś, R., W. Lisowski, E. Nowicka, and Z. Wolfram. "Oxygen interaction with palladium hydride and titanium hydride surfaces." Surface Science 322, no. 1-3 (January 1995): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(95)90037-3.

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26

Spivak, L. V., and N. E. Shchepina. "THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF TITANIUM HYDRIDE." Alternative Energy and Ecology (ISJAEE), no. 21 (April 6, 2016): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15518/isjaee.2015.21.010.

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27

Kempton, J. R., K. G. Petzinger, W. J. Kossler, H. E. Schone, and C. E. Stronach. "Muon motion in titanium hydride." Physical Review B 40, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.40.59.

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28

Vanderwalker, D. M. "Hydride formation in pure titanium." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 758–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100105850.

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Hydrogen embrittlement of metals is a subject of importance because it is often the cause of catastrophic failure. The loss in ductility occurs when the hydrogen concentration exceeds a percent or few. In titanium, the embrittlement effect depends on the alloy composition. α-Ti, the low temperature hexagonal phase transforms to bcc β-Ti at 882°C in pure Ti. The transformation temperature is suppressed by β-stabilizing impurities such as Fe ie 4% Fe reduces the temperature to 400°C. This paper examines the hydride formation in iodide-Ti and 99% pure Ti.Thin foils of iodide Ti (.1Sn-.05 Si-.04Fe-.01Cu) and 99% pure Ti(Fe,Mo,Cu,Al) were encapsulated in vacuum tubes, annealed for 2 hours at 800°C, and quenched in ice water. The titanium was then charged in an H2SO4.H2O solution with an applied voltage of +4.5V for one hour. The samples were encapsulated in vacuum tubes and aged for 3 or 4 hours at 200°C.

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29

Setoyama, Daigo, Junji Matsunaga, Hiroaki Muta, Masayohi Uno, and Shinsuke Yamanaka. "Mechanical properties of titanium hydride." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 381, no. 1-2 (November 2004): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.04.073.

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30

Xu, J. J., H. Y. Cheung, and S. Q. Shi. "Mechanical properties of titanium hydride." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 436, no. 1-2 (June 2007): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.06.107.

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31

Udayakumar, Sanjith, Atif Sadaqi, Najwa Ibrahim, M. N. Ahmad Fauzi, Sivakumar Ramakrishnan, and Sheikh Abdul Rezan. "Mathematical Modelling of Titanium Hydride Formation from Titanium Tetrachloride with Magnesium Hydride using Matlab." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1082 (August 2018): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1082/1/012037.

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32

Becker, Beate, and Borislav Bogdanović. "[TiH2 · (MgCl2 · 2 THF)0.2 – 0.3] – der naßchemische Weg zu einem hochreaktiven Titanhydrid / [TiH2 · (MgCl2 · 2 THF)0.2 – 0.3] -the Wet Chemical Route to a Highly Reactive Titanium Hydride." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-0404.

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The reaction between catalytically prepared magnesium hydride (MgH2*) and [TiCl3(THF)3] in a molar ratio of 1.5:1 in THF yields a highly pyrophoric, X -ray amorphous titanium hydride precipitate with the composition [TiH2 ·(MgCl2 · 2 THF)0.2 - 0.3] (2). This novel titanium hydride has been characterized through hydrolysis and iodolysis, as well as through thermolysis to Ti* and H2 in the solid state and in organic solvents. 2 is slightly soluble in THF and proves itself as an active reagent in a variety of reactions.

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33

Jian, Shichao, Xudong An, Qianqian Wang, Te Zhu, Mingpan Wan, Peng Zhang, Fengjiao Ye, Yamin Song, Baoyi Wang, and Xingzhong Cao. "Exploration on the Effect of Pretreatment Conditions on Hydrogen-Induced Defects in Pure Titanium by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy." Metals 12, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040595.

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Electrolytic hydrogen charging experiments on cold-deformed and well-annealed (annealing at 700 °C for 2 h) pure titanium samples were carried out, respectively. Positron annihilation spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize all experimental samples to explore the formation of vacancy defects and the storage form of hydrogen in pure titanium after charging. Results showed that hydrides formed in well-annealed samples after electrolytic hydrogen charging, but a new phase in the cold-deformed samples was not observed. The annealed samples formed vacancy-type defects in the process of electrolytic hydrogen charging, and the excess hydrogen atoms were easily trapped by vacancies to form a hydrogen vacancy complex (HmVn). The defects formed in the cold-deformed hindered the diffusion of hydrogen atoms and inhibited the formation of vacancies. Compared with the well-annealed electrolytic hydrogen charging samples, the S parameters of the deformed electrolytic hydrogen charging samples hardly changed. The coincidence Doppler broadening spectrum results showed that wide peaks related to hydrogen vacancy complexes were found in electrolytic hydrogen charging samples. The formation of hydride in titanium affected the positron annihilation environment in the low-momentum region. The hydride-related peak was observed only in the electrolytic hydrogen-charged samples after being well annealed.

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34

Zhou, Li, Duo Liu, Hui Jie Liu, and Lin Zhi Wu. "Effect of Hydrogen as a Temporary Alloying Element on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.243.

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The α + β dual-phase titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, was thermohydrogen processed with 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt% hydrogen. Hydrogen was removed from the hydrogenated titanium alloy by vacuum annealing. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the hydrogenated and dehydrogenated titanium alloy were investigated. Effect of hydrogen as a temporary alloying element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was systematically discussed. It was found that hydrogen stabled the β phase and leaded to the formation of α martensite as well as δ hydride in the hydrogenated titanium alloy. Mechanical properties of hydrogenated titanium alloy deteriorated with increasing hydrogenation content. The α martensite and δ hydride decomposed during the dehydrogenation and the dehydrogenated titanium alloy only consisted of α and β phases. The mechanical properties of hydrogenated titanium alloy with different hydrogen content were recovered and were tend to be consistent after dehydrogenation.

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35

Robertson, I. M., and G. B. Schaffer. "Comparison of sintering of titanium and titanium hydride powders." Powder Metallurgy 53, no. 1 (March 2010): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/003258909x12450768327063.

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36

Ye, Qing, Zhi-Meng Guo, Jian-Ling Bai, Bo-Xin Lu, Jun-Pin Lin, Jun-Jie Hao, Ji Luo, and Hui-Ping Shao. "Gelcasting of titanium hydride to fabricate low-cost titanium." Rare Metals 34, no. 5 (April 22, 2015): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12598-015-0478-5.

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37

Suwarno, Suwarno, and V. A. Yartys. "Kinetics of Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption in Titanium." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 12, no. 3 (October 28, 2017): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.3.810.312-317.

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Titanium is reactive toward hydrogen forming metal hydride which has a potential application in energy storage and conversion. Titanium hydride has been widely studied for hydrogen storage, thermal storage, and battery electrodes applications. A special interest is using titanium for hydrogen production in a hydrogen sorption-enhanced steam reforming of natural gas. In the present work, non-isothermal dehydrogenation kinetics of titanium hydride and kinetics of hydrogenation in gaseous flow at isothermal conditions were investigated. The hydrogen desorption was studied using temperature desorption spectroscopy (TDS) while the hydrogen absorption and desorption in gaseous flow were studied by temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The present work showed that the path of dehydrogenation of the TiH2 is d®b®a hydride phase with possible overlapping steps occurred. The fast hydrogen desorption rate observed at the TDS main peak temperature were correlated with the fast transformation of the d-TiH1.41 to b-TiH0.59. In the gaseous flow, hydrogen absorption and desorption were related to the transformation of b-TiH0.59 Û d-TiH1.41 with 2 wt.% hydrogen reversible content. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 21st November 2016; Revised: 20th March 2017; Accepted: 9th April 2017; Available online: 27th October 2017; Published regularly: December 2017How to Cite: Suwarno, S., Yartys, V.A. (2017). Kinetics of Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption in Titanium. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (3): 312-317 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.3.810.312-317)

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38

Abdul Kadir, Ros Atikah, Nor Hafiez Mohamad Nor, Istikamah Subuki, and Muhammad Hussain Ismail. "The Effect of TiH₂ Particle on Rheological Behaviour of NiTi for Metal Injection Moulding." Materials Science Forum 882 (January 2017): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.882.23.

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This paper highlights the influence of titanium hydride particle on the rheological behaviour of nickel-titanium feedstock used in the metal injection process. The ratio of 50at% nickel and 50at% titanium hydride with 2 different powder loadings (65.5vol% and 67.5vol%) were investigated. A Rosand RH2000 capillary rheometer was used to determine the flow behaviour of feedstocks. The feedstocks were characterized at different temperature ranging from 150°C and 170°C and shear rate ranging from 50/s and 4442.63/s. The results showed on pseudo-elastic behaviour flow of NiTi feedstock which is suitable for injection moulding process.

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39

Sarajan, Zohair. "A356 alloy foaming by titanium hydride." Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals 56, no. 5 (September 2015): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1067821215050144.

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40

Lee, Dong-Won, Hak-Sung Lee, Ji-Hwan Park, Shun-Myung Shin, and Jei-Pil Wang. "Sintering of Titanium Hydride Powder Compaction." Procedia Manufacturing 2 (2015): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.095.

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41

Paulin, Irena, Črtomir Donik, Djordje Mandrino, Maja Vončina, and Monika Jenko. "Surface characterization of titanium hydride powder." Vacuum 86, no. 6 (January 2012): 608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2011.07.054.

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42

Duś, R., E. Nowicka, and Z. Wolfram. "Surface phenomena in titanium hydride formation." Surface Science 269-270 (May 1992): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(92)91306-v.

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43

Duz, V., M. Matviychuk, A. Klevtsov, and V. Moxson. "Industrial application of titanium hydride powder." Metal Powder Report 72, no. 1 (January 2017): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mprp.2016.02.051.

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44

Gambini, Marco, Roberto Montanari, Maria Richetta, Tommaso Stilo, Alessandra Varone, and Michela Vellini. "Hydrogen Release from Oxidized Titanium Hydride." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 2203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2203.

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Hydrogen storage is one of the most important industrial applications of titanium hydride (TiH2). A critical issue is the hydrogen release rate that strongly depends on the surface structure of TiH2 particles. This work reports the results of an experimental campaign carried out on TiH2 powders submitted to heat treatments in air at different temperatures and treatment times. After each heat treatment the TiH2 powders were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the results evidenced that the surface layer consists of TiO2 and Ti2O. Titanium oxide formation has been monitored by XRD at high temperature. Hydrogen release during heating of oxidized powders was investigated through temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Residual hydrogen in TiH2 depends on the specific treatment: higher temperature and soaking time of the treatment, lower its content.

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45

Wang, Chunming, Yanan Zhang, Sufen Xiao, and Yungui Chen. "Sintering densification of titanium hydride powders." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 32, no. 5 (November 23, 2016): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2016.1244833.

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46

Vanderwalker, D. M. "Hydride Formation on Dislocations in Titanium." Physica Status Solidi (a) 112, no. 1 (March 16, 1989): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211120107.

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47

de Wolf, Jeannette M., Auke Meetsma, and Jan H. Teuben. "Synthesis and Structure of Bis(phenyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) Hydride: First Monomeric Bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) Hydride." Organometallics 14, no. 12 (December 1995): 5466–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00012a005.

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48

Patel, Mitesh, and Miles A. Stopher. "Hydrogen effects in non-ferrous alloys: discussion." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2098 (June 12, 2017): 20170030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0030.

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This is a transcript of the discussion session on the effects of hydrogen in the non-ferrous alloys of zirconium and titanium, which are anisotropic hydride-forming metals. The four talks focus on the hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms that affect zirconium and titanium components, which are respectively used in the nuclear and aerospace industries. Two specific mechanisms are delayed hydride cracking and stress corrosion cracking. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The challenges of hydrogen and metals’.

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49

Yang, Dong Hui, Sang Youl Kim, and Bo Young Hur. "A Study on Kinetics Parameters of Titanium Hydride Powder from Its TPD Spectrum for Metal Foam." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 937–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.937.

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In this paper, the whole temperature programmed decomposition (TPD) spectrum of titanium hydride was acquired by the special designed set-up. After separating and simulating the TPD spectrum by using Spectrum Superposition Method (SSM), Consulting Table Method (CTM) and differential spectrum technique, the kinetics parameters of titanium hydride and corresponding equations were obtained. Using these kinetics equations, the fabrication parameters of Al alloy foam can be determined and foaming process of Al alloy melt can be predicted.

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Sidelev, Dmitrii V., Alexey V. Pirozhkov, Denis D. Mishchenko, and Maxim S. Syrtanov. "Titanium Carbide Coating for Hafnium Hydride Neutron Control Rods: In Situ X-ray Diffraction Study." Coatings 13, no. 12 (December 7, 2023): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13122053.

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This article considers the possibility of using a magnetron-deposited coating for the protection of hafnium hydrides at high temperatures as a material for neutron control rods. We describe the role of TiC coating in the high-temperature behavior of hafnium hydrides in a vacuum. A 1 µm thick TiC coating was deposited through magnetron sputtering on the outer surface of disk HfHx samples, and then in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of both the uncoated and TiC-coated HfHx samples were performed using synchrotron radiation (at a wavelength of 1.64 Å) during linear heating, the isothermal stage (700 and 900 °C), and cooling to room temperature. Quadrupole mass spectrometry was used to identify the hydrogen release from the uncoated and TiC-coated hafnium hydride samples during their heating. We found the decomposition of the HfH1.7 phase to HfH1.5 and Hf and following hafnium oxidation after the significant decrease in hydrogen flow in the uncoated HfHx samples. The TiC coating can be used as a protective layer for HfHx under certain conditions (up to 700 °C); however, the fast hydrogen release can occur in the case of a coating failure. This study shows the temperature range for the possible application of TiC coatings for the protection of hafnium hydride from hydrogen release.

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