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Journal articles on the topic 'Titanium Isopropoxide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Robichaud, Brian A., and Kevin G. Liu. "Titanium isopropoxide/pyridine mediated Knoevenagel reactions." Tetrahedron Letters 52, no. 51 (2011): 6935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.10.069.

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2

Partch, Richard E., Yuming Xie, S. T. Oyama, and Egon Matijević. "Preparation and properties of uniform coated colloidal particles. VIII. Titanium nitride on silica." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 8 (1993): 2014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.2014.

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Spherical silica particles, dispersed in ethanol/water solutions, were first coated with titania by hydrolysis of added titanium isopropoxide. The coating thickness could be readily adjusted by the ratio of titanium alkoxide concentration to the amount of silica. The coated cores prepared as above were then treated with ammonia in a temperature-programmed reaction to produce a shell of titanium nitride. After nitridation, the powders of the high specific surface area showed electrical conductivity, which depended on the thickness of the coatings.

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3

Bastow, T. J. "47,49Ti NMR in Metals, Inorganics, and Gels." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 55, no. 1-2 (2000): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2000-1-251.

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Some recent progress in solid state 47,49Ti NMR is described and reviewed. The metallic-state work described covers metals such as hep titanium, TiB2 , a number of intermetallics such as TiAl2 and TiAl3· The inorganic work covers the various titanium oxide based materials including the TiO2 polymorphs, anatase, rutile and brookite. The gel work covers the evolution of crystalline titania from gels formed by hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide. Some complementary data from 17O and 13C NMR and powder X-ray diffraction is also included.

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4

Manne, Rajesh, Maya Miller, Andrew Duthie, M. Fátima C. Guedes da Silva, Edit Y. Tshuva, and Tushar S. Basu Baul. "Cytotoxic homoleptic Ti(iv) compounds of ONO-type ligands: synthesis, structures and anti-cancer activity." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 1 (2019): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt03747g.

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Reacting variously substituted dianionic tridentate ONO-type acylhydrazone ligands with titanium(iv) tetra(isopropoxide) gave a new class of eight homoleptic titanium(iv) compounds showing exceptional stability and promising cytotoxicity.

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5

Cho, Seulki, Jihun Jang, Mansik Jo, et al. "Low-Temperature Processed TiO2 Nanoparticle Layer with Inorganic Binder for Perovskite Solar Cell." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 2 (2020): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3635.

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In this study, we report on the low-temperature (<120 °C) fabrication of a mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer for use in perovskite solar cells. The TiO2 layer used was produced from a solution of TiO2 nanoparticles, purified water and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) acting as a precursor of an inorganic binder network. We compared the properties of TiO2 layers resulting from different molar ratios (ranging from 0.1:1∼0.5:1) of titanium isopropoxide to TiO2 nanoparticles. Finally, perovskite solar cells were fabricated based on our optimized TiO2 molar ratio (TTIP:TiO2 = 0.1:1) and found to exhibit a short-circuit current density of ∼16.01 mA cm–2 and photoelectric conversion efficiency of ∼5.57%, respectively.

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6

Suyama, Yoko, Tatsuo Noritake, and Mitsuru Nagasawa. "Formation ofBaTiO3from a Barium Titanium Isopropoxide Complex." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 36, Part 1, No. 9B (1997): 5939–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.36.5939.

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7

Baumann, Stefan O., Maria Bendova, Michael Puchberger, and Ulrich Schubert. "Modification of Titanium Isopropoxide with Aromatic Aldoximes." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2011, no. 4 (2010): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201000881.

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8

Burungale, V. V., Hyojung Bae, A. S. Kamble, J. H. Kim, P. S. Patil, and J. S. Ha. "Studies on interstitial carbon doping from a Ti precursor in a hierarchical TiO2 nanostructured photoanode by a single step hydrothermal route." RSC Advances 10, no. 48 (2020): 28492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra04744a.

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9

Öhman, Sebastian, Ren Qiu, Tomas Edvinsson, Olof Bäcke, Tobias Törndahl, and Mats Boman. "Selective kinetic growth and role of local coordination in forming Al2TiO5-based coatings at lower temperatures." Materials Advances 2, no. 17 (2021): 5737–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00428j.

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10

Meng, Xiang Ju, Tatsuo Kimura, Tatsuki Ohji, and Kazumi Kato. "Adsorption Property of Dye Molecule over Semi-Crystalline Mesoporous Titania Films." Key Engineering Materials 388 (September 2008): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.388.145.

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Semi-crystalline mesoporous titania films were prepared by the reactions of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) in acidic aqueous solutions containing EO106PO70EO106 triblock copolymer (F127) and 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPBz). Adsorption experiments of dye molecules over the mesoporous films calcined at different temperatures and prepared with different TTIP/F127 molar ratios showed that adsorption property of the dye molecules would be related to the crystallinity of the frameworks and the macroporosity at the surfaces.

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11

Khalil, K. M. S., and M. I. Zaki. "Titania powder synthesis by hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide." Metal Powder Report 53, no. 5 (1998): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(98)85010-8.

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12

Kelley, S. S., J. Filley, A. R. Greenberg, R. Peterson, and W. B. Krantz. "Chemical Modification of Cellulose Acetate with Titanium Isopropoxide." International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 7, no. 1-2 (2002): 162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10236660214595.

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13

Robichaud, Brian A., and Kevin G. Liu. "ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Isopropoxide/Pyridine Mediated Knoevenagel Reactions." ChemInform 43, no. 15 (2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201215022.

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14

Fei, Bin, Yi He Zhang, and J. H. Xin. "Titania Nanocrystals Mixture for Cloths Finishing." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 1217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.1217.

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In order to achieve better photocatalytic performance, rutile dispersion in anatase was obtained from titanium isopropoxide (TIP) in a highly acidic solution at room temperature. Further hydrothermal treatment at 130 oC increased the crystallinity of titania. TEM revealed that the nanosized titania particles mainly consisted of granular anatase and rodlike rutile. These nanocrystals were applied onto cotton fabrics, and achieved a durable and satisfying protection against UV radiation. Preliminary experiments convinced us on the better photocatalytic behavior than the pure anatase phase.

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15

Gesinski, Michael, Nathan Le, Aimee Rodriguez та James Alleyn. "Synthesis of 1,4-Diketones via Titanium-Mediated Reductive Homocoupling of α-Haloketones". Synlett 29, № 16 (2018): 2195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610245.

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1,4-Diketones have been synthesized via a reductive homocoupling of α-haloketones. Addition of a Grignard reagent to titanium(IV) isopropoxide affords a low-valent titanium(III) intermediate that is believed to mediate a radical dimerization reaction. The reaction works well for a variety of aromatic α-haloketones including heteroaromatic compounds.

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16

Khan, Noshena, Yousef Al-Abed, Hans-Jürgen Kohlbau, Farzana Latif-Ansari, Wolfgang Kowollik, and Wolfgang Voelter. "Regio- und Stereoselektive Ringöffnung von Epoxypyranosiden durch Isopropoxytitanreagenzien und Sml2: Ein einfacher Zugang zu Ioddesoxyzuckern / Regio- and Stereoselective Ring Opening of Epoxy Pyranosides with Titanium Isopropoxide Reagents and Sml2: A Straightforward Access to Iododeoxy Sugars." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 51, no. 12 (1996): 1781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1996-1217.

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A regioselective synthesis of 3-iodo-3-deoxy sugars is described by trans-diaxial cleavage of the oxirane ring of 2.3-anhydropyranosides with halogenated titanium isopropoxide reagents and samarium iodide.

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17

Grabis, Jānis, Anita Letlena, and Inta Sīpola. "Preparation and Properties of Photocalysts in ZnO/TiO₂ System." Key Engineering Materials 800 (April 2019): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.800.170.

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ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites with several ratio of the components were prepared by sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide and titanium butoxide as titania precursors. Phase formation and photocatalytic activity of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites depend on ratio of the components and calcination temperature. The photocatalytic activity in dependence on calcination temperasture, phase composition was determined by degradation of methylene blue solution under Hg lamp and solar light imitating illumination. The highest photocatalytic activity showed ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites containing 99 mol.% ZnO and 50 mol% ZnO when hexagonal ZnTiO3 phase was formed. ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites exhibited enhanced photoactivity under solar light with respect to Hg lamp irradiation.

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18

Akiyama, Yasunobu, Katsuya Shitanaka, and Hiroshi Murakami. "Modeling Titanium Oxide Growth by Chemical Vapor Deposition Using Titanium Tetra Isopropoxide." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 41, no. 8 (2008): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.07we118.

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19

Vinogradov, Alexandr V., Al'ena V. Ermakova, Mikhail F. Butman, Evamarie Hey-Hawkins, and Vladimir V. Vinogradov. "A facile sol–gel synthesis of impurity-free nanocrystalline titania." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 22 (2014): 10614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp00969j.

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A low-temperature ultrasonic-assisted method is used to prepare nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> sol–gel materials from hydrolysis products of titanium isopropoxide in aqueous medium with no addition of modifying agents.

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20

Khalil, Kamal M. S., Thomas Baird, Mohamed I. Zaki, Ahmed A. El-Samahy, and Aida M. Awad. "Synthesis and characterization of catalytic titanias via hydrolysis of titanium (IV) isopropoxide." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 132, no. 1 (1998): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(97)00156-8.

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21

Murcia Mesa, Julie Joseane, Mónica Sirley Hernández Laverde, Hugo Alfonso Rojas Sarmiento, Mayra Anabel Lara Angulo, José Antonio Navío, and María Carmen Hidalgo López. "How the Ti Precursor is Involved in the Effectiveness of Pt-TiO2 Materials in Photodegrading Methyl Orange." Revista Facultad de Ciencias Básicas 16, no. 2 (2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/rfcb.5013.

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As other studies have demonstrated, improving the effectiveness of TiO2 for environmental remediation requires that the properties of this oxide be modified using different synthesis methods. In the current study, labprepared TiO2 was synthesized using the hydrothermal method and two different Ti precursors (titanium butoxide and titanium isopropoxide). After the synthesis, the obtained titania was also modified using photodeposition by platinum nanoparticles. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the photocatalytic materials prepared in photodegrading methyl orange. The Ti precursors used in the TiO2 synthesis had a slight effect on the physicochemical properties of the oxide obtained. When titanium butoxide was used as a precursor, we observed a change in the bandgap value and some material with the largest surface area. Additionally, the addition of Pt increased the absorption of TiO2 in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum and slightly decreased the bandgap value of this oxide. The photocatalyst prepared using titanium isopropoxide as a precursor showed the most remarkable effectiveness in the degradation rate of methyl orange. This is the result of the lower band gap value of this material which leads to easier transport of the photogenerated charges during the photocatalytic reaction. We also observed that the addition of Pt has a detrimental effect on the effectiveness of TiO2 in dye degradation, which may be due to possible obstruction of the dye-photocatalyst interaction on the TiO2 surface because of the Pt nanoparticles observed by tem. The effectiveness of commercial TiO2 in methyl orange degradation is slightly higher than that observed in other evaluated solids.

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22

Pookmanee, Pusit, Hathaithip Ninsonti, Supaporn Sangsrichan, Wiyong Kangwansupamonkon, and Sukon Phanichphant. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Geosmin by Titanium Dioxide Powder Synthesized by the Hydrothermal Route." Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (January 2010): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.161.

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Titanium dioxide powder was synthesized by the hydrothermal route with the starting precursors as titanium isopropoxide, ammonium hydroxide and nitric acid. The final of pH value of mixed solution was 1 and treated in the hydrothermal PTFE vessel at 80-100 °C for 3h. The phase of titanium dioxide was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The morphology of titanium dioxide was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The chemical composition of titanium dioxide was examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer (EDXS). The photocatalytic degradation of geosmin by titanium dioxide was determined by gas chromatograph coupled with flame ionization detector (GC-FID).

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23

Yuan, Leonardo, Xupeng Wei, Jenny P. Martinez, et al. "Reaction Spinning Titanium Dioxide Particle-Coated Carbon Fiber for Photoelectric Energy Conversion." Fibers 7, no. 5 (2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7050049.

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In this paper, a titanium dioxide particle coated carbon fiber was prepared by reaction spinning. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as the precursor to generate a continuous carbon nanofiber. A solution containing 10% wt PAN polymer dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) was made as the core fluid. The sheath fluid contains 10% titanium (IV) isopropoxide, 85% ethanol, and 5% acetic acid. The two solutions were co-spun onto an aluminium plate covered with a layer of soft tissue paper. A titanium hydroxide layer formed at the surface of the PAN fiber through the hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide due to the moisture absorption in the co-spinning process. The reaction spun fiber was converted to a partially carbonized nanofiber by the heat treatment in air at 250 °C for two hours, then in hydrogen at 500 °C for two hours. During the early stage of the heat treatment, the titanium hydroxide decomposed and produced titanium dioxide nanoparticles at the surface of the carbon fiber. The structure and composition of the carbonized fiber were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photosensitivity of the particle-containing fiber was characterized by measuring the open circuit voltage under visible light excitation. The photoelectric energy conversion behavior of the fiber was confirmed by open circuit potential measurement. The potential applications of the composite fiber for photovoltaics and photonic sensing were discussed.

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24

Zainurul, A. Z., M. F. Achoi, Mohamad Rusop, and Saifollah Abdullah. "Effect of Concentration TTIP on Size Nano-Powder Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂)." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.649.

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In this work, titanium Dioxide (TiO2) powder was prepared by sol gel method using Titanium (IV) Isopropoxide (TTIP) as precursor and Ethanol (C2H5OH) as solvent. The sol-gel was heated at temperature 150°C in 1 hour. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) powder was milled with constant ball to powder ratio (BPR) of 10:1 with speed 600 rpm. Then the sample was characterized using Particle Size Analyzer, Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) powder was prepared with three different concentration of TTIP to the size of Titanium Dioxide (TTIP) powder. Titanium Dioxide (TTIP) powder was milled with ball milling to produce nanopowder of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2).

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25

Rice, Gary W. "Laser-Driven Pyrolysis: Synthesis of TiO2 from Titanium Isopropoxide." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 70, no. 5 (1987): C—117—C—120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1987.tb05020.x.

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26

Ramanjulu, Joshi M., Michael P. DeMartino, Yunfeng Lan, and Robert Marquis. "Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide Mediated Synthesis of Pyrimidin-4-ones." Organic Letters 12, no. 10 (2010): 2270–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol100624p.

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27

Srinivasan, S., A. K. Datye, M. H. Smith, and C. H. F. Peden. "Interaction of Titanium Isopropoxide with Surface Hydroxyls on Silica." Journal of Catalysis 145, no. 2 (1994): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1994.1068.

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28

Saidi, Wassila, Nasreddine Hfaidh, Mohammed Rasheed, Mihaela Girtan, Adel Megriche, and Mohamed EL Maaoui. "Effect of B2O3addition on optical and structural properties of TiO2as a new blocking layer for multiple dye sensitive solar cell application (DSSC)." RSC Advances 6, no. 73 (2016): 68819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra15060h.

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29

Wang, Jian Feng, Jin Hai Zhao, Xue Xue Liu, Shou Heng Zhang, Dong Yan Wei, and Li Han. "Photo-Degradation of Acid Red 18 by Using TiO₂/SO₄^2- Nanoparticles under UV Light." Applied Mechanics and Materials 189 (July 2012): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.189.52.

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Photocatalyst TiO2/SO42- nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method via hydrolysis of pure titanium isopropoxide in n-propanol and acetylacetone solution. The hydrolysis rate and condensation rate of titanium isopropoxide were controlled by concentrated sulfuric acid. Its catalytic activities on the photo-degradation of acid red 18 which is acid azo dyes were studied experimentally and theoretically. The catalysts were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), IR (infrared radiation), BET surface area and SEM (scanning electron microscope). The effects of various catalytic degradation factors of nanocrystalline TiO2/SO42- were discussed in the present paper, which included solution pH, initial concentration of acid red 18, UV irradiation time and the reaction temperature. The results showed that the photo-catalytic activity of this material was obvious signiﬁcantly when pH is 7.0; degradation temperature is 25 °C and irradiation time is 90 minutes for different concentration acid red 18 solutions.

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30

Nishizawa, Kaori, Takeshi Miki, Eiji Watanabe, and Hiroshi Taoda. "A New Preparation Method of Visible Light Responsive Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Films by Sol-Gel Method." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.675.

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Two types of titanium dioxide sol solutions were prepared using titanium tetra-isopropoxide, urea, 2-methoxyethanol and water. The prepared sol solutions were dip-coated onto fused silica plates. These as-prepared films were dried at 100 °C and then annealed at 650 °C. The annealed films were anatase type titanium dioxides. Visible light absorption by the films was observed in wavelengths longer than 400 nm. Also, photodegradation of methylene blue by visible light irradiation was accelerated in the presence of the films prepared by these methods.

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31

Rahtu, Antti, Mikko Ritala, and Markku Leskelä. "Atomic Layer Deposition of Zirconium Titanium Oxide from Titanium Isopropoxide and Zirconium Chloride." Chemistry of Materials 13, no. 5 (2001): 1528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm0012062.

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32

Weber, A., R. Poeckelmann, and C. P. Klages. "Plasma CVD of high quality titanium nitride using titanium(IV)isopropoxide as precursor." Microelectronic Engineering 33, no. 1-4 (1997): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9317(96)00055-x.

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33

Kemmitt, T., N. I. Al-Salim, and G. J. Gainsford. "N-Methyldiethanolamine-Modified Titanium Isopropoxide: X-Ray Crystal Structure of [Ti2(μ2-(OCH2CH2)2NCH3)(μ2-OPri)(OPri)5]." Australian Journal of Chemistry 55, no. 8 (2002): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch02087.

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A highly fluxional dititanium N-methyldiethoxoamine hexaisopropoxide complex was isolated from reactions of N-methyldiethanolamine with Ti(OPri)4. X-ray crystallography identified the solid state compound as the unsymmetrical complex Ti2(μ2-(OCH2CH2)2NCH3)(μ2-OPri)(OPri)5. In solution, the time-averaged structure was shown by NMR to be symmetrical. The amine function coordinates to both titanium atoms alternately, while the isopropoxide ligands exchange to maintain equal coordination numbers on both titaniums. Variable temperature NMR demonstrates that the exchange processes slow on cooling, and a spectrum consistent with the solid-state structure is apparent at –50�C.

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34

Azim Araghi, M. E., N. Shaban, and M. Bahar. "Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline barium strontium titanate powder by a modified sol-gel processing." Materials Science-Poland 34, no. 1 (2016): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2016-0020.

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AbstractIn this research work, nanocrystalline BST (Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3) powders were synthesized through a modified sol-gel process, using barium acetate, strontium acetate and titanium isopropoxide as the precursors. In this process, stoichiometric proportions of barium acetate and strontium acetate were dissolved in acetic acid and titanium (IV) isopropoxide was added to form BST gel. The as-formed gel was dried at 200 °C and then calcined in the temperature range of 600 to 850 °C for crystallization. The samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy method (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. EDS analysis of these samples confirmed the formation of the final phase with the special stoichiometry. The formation of a cubic perovskite crystalline phase with nanoscale dimension was detected using the mentioned techniques. The results showed that the obtained crystallite sizes were 33 and 37 nm for BST powder calcined at 750 and 850 °C, respectively.

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35

Kulinkovich, O. G. "Titanacyclopropanes as versatile intermediates for carbon-carbon bond formation in reactions with unsaturated compounds." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 9 (2000): 1715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072091715.

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Dialkoxytitanacyclopropane intermediates [or titanium (II)-olefin complexes] generated in situ from ethylmagnesium bromide and titanium (IV) isopropoxide react with allylic alcohols and allylic ethers to afford SN2' allylic ethylation products. The reaction proceeds with high regioselectivity and with low to high trans-/cis-stereoselectivity. This observation and others suggest a reaction mechanism involving an EtMgBr-initiated formation of titanacyclopentane ate complex 10 from titanacyclopropane-olefin complex 7 as a key step. Based on this assumption, a modified mechanism of titanium-mediated cyclopropanation of esters with Grignard reagents is proposed.

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36

Zeng, Min, Naofumi Uekawa, Takashi Kojima, and Kazuyuki Kakegawa. "Formation process of BaTiO3 particles by reaction between barium hydroxide aqueous solution and titania obtained by hydrolysis of titanium alkoxide." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 9 (2007): 2631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0337.

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BaTiO3 particles were prepared by heating a suspension of titania derived from the hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide in a barium hydroxide [Ba(OH)2] aqueous solution. Well-crystallized cubic phase BaTiO3 fine particles were obtained by heating at a temperature >328 K for 24 h. The morphology and size of the obtained particles were affected by the reaction temperature and the Ba(OH)2/titanium alkoxide molar ratio. The secondary particles with a larger size were obtained at a lower reaction temperature. The nucleation process of BaTiO3 depended on the reaction temperature. The formation mechanism of BaTiO3 and the formation kinetics were investigated by measuring the concentrations of Ba2+ ions in the solution during the heating process. The BaTiO3 particle formation occurred on the surface of the titania particles after strong adsorption of the Ba2+ ions from the solution. The experimental results showed that the heterogeneous nucleation of BaTiO3 occurred on the titania surface.

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37

Dobrzański, L. A., M. M. Szindler, M. Szindler, K. Lukaszkowicz, A. Drygała, and M. Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz. "Nanocrystalline TiO2 Powder Prepared by Sol-Gel Method for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (2016): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0140.

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Abstract In this study titanium dioxide nanopowder has been manufactured and examined. Nanocrystalline TiO2 powder has been obtained by hydrolysis and peptization of a solution of titanium isopropoxide and isopropanol. Subsequently, produced powder has been subjected to structural analysis by using a transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and Raman spectrometer. For comparison purposes, a commercially available titanium dioxide powder (i.e. titanium white) was also used. Thin layers have been made from this powder and further have been examined by using a UV/VIS spectrometer. Completed research shows the nanocrystalline structure of obtained layers and their good properties such as absorbance at the range of wavelength equal 200 - 1000 nm.

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38

Asiah, Mohd Nor, M. F. Achoi, Saifollah Abdullah, and M. Rusop. "Solvothermal Synthesized of TiO₂ Microspheres and their Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 576 (October 2012): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.345.

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In this paper, we have successfully synthesized TiO2 microsperes by solvothermal method using titanium (IV) isopropoxide as titanium source and ethanol as a solvent. The solution was thermally treated at relatively low temperature of 150 °C for 3 hours. The as-prepared and annealed of TiO2 microsphere were characterized using FESEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The diameter of the microspheres was 1-6 µm. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies show that the microspheres has anatase phase.

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39

Dediu, Violeta, Viorica Musat, Bogdan Jurca, and Nicolae Ionut Cristea. "Thermal Decomposition of Some Sol-Gel Precursors for Mesoporous TiO2-Based Thin Films for Chemorezistive Environmental Sensors." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 8 (2017): 1703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.8.5748.

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This paper presents a comparative study on the thermal decomposition in air and FTIR analyses of complex sol-gel precursors used for the deposition of three titania based mesoporous thin films: TiO2, Nb-doped TiO2 and carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-doped TiO2. The effect of doping with Nb or adding MWCNT on the thermal decomposition of titanium isopropoxide-based precursor and crystallization of TiO2 was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) data. TG-DTA results showed two main exothermic peaks were observed in all samples for the temperature range 280-300 oC and 429-444 oC, corresponding to isopropoxide oxidative decomposition and anatase crystallization. In case of Nb doped TiO2 an oxidative decomposition of Nb ethoxide appears at 198 �C. The acidified MWCNT are thermally stable up to 500�C. Doping TiO2 causes peaks shift to higher temperatures. Also, the effect of heating rate on thermal decomposition for precursors was studied. FTIR analyses were conducted on precursor systems thermally treated at different temperature to track the chemical transformations during the films formation.

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40

Nishizawa, Kaori, Eiji Watanabe, and Masaki Maeda. "A New Preparation Method of Visible Light Responsive Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Films by Ultraviolet Irradiation." Materials Science Forum 658 (July 2010): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.487.

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Titanium dioxide sol solution was prepared using titanium tetra-isopropoxide, urea, 2-methoxyethanol. After that, ultraviolet light was irradiated to the sol solution, then, H2O was added to the solution. The prepared sol solution was dip-coated onto fused silica plates. The as-prepared films were dried at 100 °C and then annealed at 650 °C. The annealed films were anatase type titanium dioxides. Visible light absorption by the films was observed in wavelengths longer than 380 nm. Also, photodegradation of methylene blue by visible light irradiation was accelerated in the presence of the films prepared by these methods.

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Reinke, Michael, Evgeniy Ponomarev, Yury Kuzminykh, and Patrik Hoffmann. "Combinatorial Characterization of TiO2 Chemical Vapor Deposition Utilizing Titanium Isopropoxide." ACS Combinatorial Science 17, no. 7 (2015): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acscombsci.5b00040.

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Gourinchas Courtecuisse, Valérie, Khay Chhor, Jean-François Bocquet, and Claude Pommier. "Kinetics of the Titanium Isopropoxide Decomposition in Supercritical Isopropyl Alcohol." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 35, no. 8 (1996): 2539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie950584r.

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Athanasiou, A., A. Mitsionis, G. Skouras, N. Todorova, C. Trapalis, and T. Vaimakis. "Thermogravimetric study of the surfactant–diethanolamine–titanium isopropoxide system behavior." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 116, no. 1 (2013): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-013-3407-6.

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Ritala, Mikko, Markku Leskela, Lauri Niinisto, and Pekka Haussalo. "Titanium isopropoxide as a precursor in atomic layer epitaxy of titanium dioxide thin films." Chemistry of Materials 5, no. 8 (1993): 1174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00032a023.

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45

Ding, Jin Cheng, Zeng Dian Zhao, Jie Lu, and Yun Quan Sun. "Appearance of Mechanical Zinc Coatings and Superficial Pore Sealing Treatment." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.750.

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By using SnSO4 water solution to activate global granular Zn powders of 325 screen mesh, Zn-Sn composite coverage is formed under the action of mechanical impact of the tiny glass beads and work pieces. During and after the formation of coating, acid water liquor will react with metal basal body, and hydrogen gas is bound to emit from the pathway and form micro pores. In addition, there are bond areas between the new and the primary coverage, which may lead to the emergence of micro crack on the coating owing to such causes as too big or uneven impact during plating process, little distortion of global granular zinc dust inside the plating coat, less tight coalescent of the zinc dust flecks. These problems can be confirmed by SEM scanning coating surface and cross section pictures of plating coat. In our study, methyl hydrogen silicone fluid, titanium isopropoxide and benzinum are used as the basal components. This compound has such features as better osmosis for micro pores and cracks formed in the process of dual coverage, strong adhesive force, anti-contraction, high transparence and water proof property. The impact of titanium isopropoxide dosage on the solidifying speed of methyl hydrogen silicone fluid, and that of mechanical plating zinc coating on corrosion proof are studied. Through tests, the proper compound ratio is determined as 11:10:79 of methyl hydrogen silicone fluid to titanium isopropoxide to benzinum(90-120 Centigrade degree). Experiments indicate that when the coating thickness is 0.2 micron, the emergence time of white corrosion on the plating coat doubles, accordingly, that of red rust prolongs, this shows that the anticorrosion of the coverage can be significantly improved through superficial pore sealing in zinc plating coat.

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Zhang, Bo Ping, Jing Feng Li, Li Min Zhang, Jun Zeng, and Yan Dong. "Chemical Solution Deposition Process and Characterization of Li and Ti Doped NiO Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 1595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.1595.

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Lithium and titanium co-doped NiO ceramics have been found to exhibit a giant low-frequency dielectric constant (ε～105), however, the same system thin films is not yet study. In the present study, Lithium and titanium co-doped NiO thin films were prepared by a chemical solution deposition method using 2-methoxyethanol as a solvent, nickel actate tetrahydrate, lithium acetate dihydrate and titanium isopropoxide as starting materials. The complex oxides such as NiO, Ni0.2O0.8 and NiTiO3 were formed for the Ni0.98Ti0.02O and Ni0.686Li0.294Ti0.02O thin films, and the addition of the lithium lead to the formation of Li2NiO2.888. The dielectric constant of Lithium and titanium co-doped Ni0.686Li0.294Ti0.02O thin films is about 426 at 100 Hz and much higher than that of the titanium-doped Ni0.98Ti0.02O.

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Zhu, Hong, Zhi Jun Guo, Wein Duo Yang, and Wein Feng Chang. "Synthesis and Properties of Highly Oriented Lead Barium Titanate Thin Film on MgO(100) by a Nonaqueous Sol-Gel Process." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.514.

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This study investigated the structure, microstructure and optical properties of the highly-oriented lead barium titanate (Pb1-xBaxTiO3, PBT) thin films prepared on MgO (100) substrate by a nonaqueous sol-gel process. The film precursor was synthesized by the modified sol-gel processing from lead acetate, barium acetate, and titanium isopropoxide, acetylacetone as chelating agent, and ethylene glycol as solvent. This stable precursor was formed by acetylacetone chelating with titanium isopropoxide and then mixing the solution of the acetates. The spin-coating technique was used to deposit the PBT films on MgO (100) substrate with different barium contents and various spin-coating numbers, respectively. X-ray diffraction was employed to study the crystal structure of the thin film and field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the microstructure of the films. Optical properties of the thin films were investigated by Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. All films exhibited a (100) preferred orientation, especially the PB0.5T (3-coating layers) thin film. In the optical properties, the adsorption wavelength shifted to the ultraviolet region with increasing barium.

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Kahattha, Chokchai, Naratip Vittayakorn, and Wisanu Pecharapa. "Effect of Sonication Time and Calcination Temperature on Physical Properties of Titanium Dioxide Synthesized via Sonochemical-Assisted Process." Advanced Materials Research 802 (September 2013): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.802.252.

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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were successfully synthesized via a sonochemical-assisted process using titanium isopropoxide as the titanium sources and calcination process at 300-500 °C. The effect of sonication time and heat treatment temperature on structural and nanostructure properties of the nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The XRD and Raman results indicated that the crystalline of as-sonochemically synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles corresponded to anatase phase of TiO2 after sonication for 30 mim. The high quality crystalline anatase phase and increasing of crystalline size can be obtained after calcinations process.

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Kartini, Indriana, and Gao Qing Lu. "STUDY OF THE FORMATION OF MESOPOROUS TiO₂ USING ISOPROPOXIDE PRECURSORS UNDER LESS WATER CONDITIONS." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2010): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21833.

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The role of the synthesis parameters (the molar ratio of template, isopropyl alcohol, acetylacetone, and water with respect to titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide) has been thoroughly investigated to understand their effects on the mesostructures and the formation of crystalline phases of mesoporous titania xerogels in less water condition (no added water) at 60 oC. The resultant mesoporous titania are more likely to have worm-hole like structure as the dominant stable structure. The template appears to play no significant role in structure directing at mesophase level. However, increasing the amount of the template delays the formation of anatase crystalline phase Keywords: mesoporous titania, templating synthesis, anatase, evaporation-induced self-assembly

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Aarik, Jaan, Aleks Aidla, Teet Uustare, Mikko Ritala, and Markku Leskelä. "Titanium isopropoxide as a precursor for atomic layer deposition: characterization of titanium dioxide growth process." Applied Surface Science 161, no. 3-4 (2000): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(00)00274-9.

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