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Journal articles on the topic 'Titanium matrix composites (TMCs)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Sung, Si Young, Bong Jae Choi, and Young Jig Kim. "Casting and Modeling of Titanium Matrix Composites." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1213.

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The aim of this study is to establish the net-shape forming of titanium matrix composites (TMCs) shot sleeve for Al alloys die-casting using a casting route. In-situ synthesis and casting of TMCs were carried out in a vacuum induction melting furnace. The synthesized (TiC+TiB) TMCs were examined using an scanning electron microscopy and electron probe micro-analyzer. The thermo-physical variables estimated by casting process were applied to the modeling of TMCs shot-sleeve casting using the Magmasoft®. The results of the investment casting and modeling of TMCs confirm that the casting route can be an effective approach for the economic net-shape forming of TMCs shot sleeve.

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2

Sung, Si Young, Keun Chang Park, Myoung Gyun Kim, and Young Jig Kim. "Investment Casting of Titanium Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2551.

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The aim of the present work is to investigate the possibility of in-situ synthesis and net-shape of the titanium matrix composites (TMCs) using a casting route. From the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermodynamic calculations, the spherical TiC and needle like TiB reinforced hybrid TMCs could be obtained by the conventional casting route between titanium and B4C. No melts-mold reaction could be possible between (TiC+TiB) hybrid TMCs and the SKKU mold, since the mold is composed of interstitial and substitutional reaction products. Not only the sound in-situ synthesis but also the economic net-shape of TMCs could be possible by conventional casting route.

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3

Choi, Bong Jae, Si Young Sung, and Young Jig Kim. "Evaluation of Interfacial Reaction between Titanium Matrix Composites and Aluminium Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.433.

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The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the interfacial reaction between titanium matrix composites (TMCs) and A380 alloy in aluminum die-casting. In-situ synthesized titanium matrix composites and H13 tool steel were immersed in molten A380 alloy in a mold at 993 K for times varying from 0 to 1200 s. In-situ synthesis TMCs and interfacial reaction between TMCs and A380 alloy were examined by X-ray diffraction, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and electron probe micro-analyzer. The reaction behavior shows that TMCs can a substitution for H13 tool steel.

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4

Sung, Si Young, Bong Jae Choi, and Sang Hwa Lee. "Interfacial Reaction between Molten Al Alloys and Titanium Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.310.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the applicability of titanium matrix composites (TMCs) sleeve to Al alloys die-casting. Ti and 1.88 mass% B4C were prepared for the synthesis of 10 vol% (TiC+TiB) hybrid TMCs. In-situ synthesis and net-shape forming of TMCs were carried out in a vacuum induction melting furnace. The synthesized (TiC+TiB) TMCs were examined using scanning electron microscopy, an electron probe micro-analyzer, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The resistance-ability of (TiC+TiB) TMCs to molten Al alloys attack was also examined. Their reactions were carried out in a furnace at 993 K for times varying from 0 to 1200 s. In the case of conventional sleeve material, H13 steel, there were severe interfacial reactions and erosion after 60 s. On the other hand, the resistance of (TiC+TiB) TMCs to interfacial reactions and erosion by molten A380 alloy was significantly increased.

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5

Yu, Qing Yu, Jing Wang, Yuan Chao Gan, Wei Dong Song, and Xiao Nan Mao. "Dynamic Constitutive Model for TiC-Particulate Reinforced Titanium Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 833 (November 2015): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.833.141.

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A coupled model of damage and plasticity is presented to describe the dynamic behaviors of TiC-particulate reinforced titanium matrix composites (TiCp/TMCs) subjected to shock loadings. The TiCp/TMCs are assumed as homogeneous continuum with pre-existing micro-cracks and micro-voids. Damage to TiCp/TMCs is caused due to micro-crack nucleation, growth and coalescence, and defined as the probability of fracture at a given crack density. In terms of crack growth model, micro-cracks are activated, and begin to propagate gradually. When crack density reaches a critical value, the smashing destroy takes place. The model parameters for TiCp/TMCs are determined using plate impact experiments. Comparison with the test results shows that the proposed model can give consistent predictions of the dynamic behaviors of TiCp/TMCs subjected to impact loadings.

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6

Sung, Si Young, Bong Jae Choi, and Young Jig Kim. "Synthesis and Forming of Titanium Matrix Composites by Casting Route." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.297.

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The aim of this study is to evaluated the possibility of the in-situ synthesized (TiC+TiB) reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) for the application of structural materials. In-situ synthesis and casting of TMCs were carried out in a vacuum induction melting furnace with Ti and B4C. The synthesized TMCs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, an electron probe micro-analyzer and transmission electron microscopy, and evaluated through thermodynamic calculations. The spherical TiC plus needle-like and large, many-angled facet TiB reinforced TMCs can be synthesized with Ti and B4C by a melting route.

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7

Huan, Hai Xiang, Jiu Hua Xu, Hong Hua Su, Yu Can Fu, and Ying Fei Ge. "Experimental Study on Milling of Titanium Matrix Composites." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.281.

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Titanium matrix composites (TMCs) possess many outstanding properties and have increasing and potential application in aerospace, automobile and other industries. However, TMCs are typical difficult-to-machining material due to the rapid tool wear rate and excessive machining induced defects. In this paper, tool wear, cutting forces, cutting temperature and surface roughness were investigated when milling TMCs with Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) and carbide tools. The results showed that the values of surface roughness obtained by carbide tools were higher than that of PCD tools under the same cutting conditions. The value of cutting temperature for PCD tool was about 75% of the carbide tools, and the main cutting force value of PCD tool was about 85% of the carbide tool. Abrasive and adhesive wear were the main wear mechanisms of PCD and carbide tools. In all, PCD tools had a better cutting performance than carbide tools during finishing milling titanium matrix composites.

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8

Choi, Bong Jae, Kyung Eui Hong, Jeong Il Youn, and Young Jig Kim. "In Situ Synthesis and Wear Resistance of Titanium Matrix Composites." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.107.

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The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the wear resistance of titanium matrix composites (TMCs). Reinforcements, TiB and TiC, were formed by in-situ reaction between boron carbide and commercial pure titanium. The confirmation of the sound synthesis of TMCs was done by phase identification. And then, sliding wear test were carried out to verify the wear resistance of TMCs by means of the coefficient of friction, wear loss and morphology wear track. The results of wear test indicate that TMCs have superior resistance than AISI H13 tool steel at the condition of severe loads.

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9

Choi, Bong Jae, Si Young Sung, and Young Jig Kim. "(TiB+TiC) Hybrid Titanium Matrix Composites Shot Sleeve for Aluminum Alloys Diecasting." Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (February 2006): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.231.

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The aim of this study is to fabricate an α-case free (TiB+TiC) hybrid titanium matrix composites (TMCs) shot sleeve for aluminum alloy diecasting by in-situ synthesis and investment casting. Granular 1.88 wt% B4C was added to a titanium matrix in a vacuum induction melting furnace. The synthesized (TiB+TiC) TMCs were examined using electron probe micro-analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The results of the in-situ synthesis and investment casting of the TMCs show that our casting route constitutes an effective approach to the economic net-shape forming of TMC sleeves.

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10

Du, Lihua, Zhusheng Shi, Yuanfei Han, Jie Shao, Kailun Zheng, Yong Li, and Weijie Lu. "Development of constitutive equations for hot working of titanium matrix composites." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 03033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032103033.

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This research is devoted to modelling the viscoplastic deformation behaviour and microstructure evolution of particle reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) at hot working conditions. A series of Gleeble hot compression tests were conducted to obtain the stress-strain curves. According to the dominant mechanisms of TMCs during deformation, a set of mechanism-based constitutive equations was developed and fitted based on the experiment data. Lamellar alpha globularisation, dynamic recrystallization and damage were considered and incorporated into the constitutive equations to describe the viscoplastic flow behaviour.

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11

Song, Wei Dong, Yi Min Yang, and Jian Guo Ning. "A Meso-Mechanical Constitutive Model of Particle Reinforced Titanium Matrix Composites Subjected to Impact Loading." Journal of Nano Research 23 (July 2013): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.23.104.

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A meso-mechanical constitutive model of TiC particle reinforced titanium matrix composites (TiC/TMCs) under impact loading is established to investigate the mechanical behavior of TiC/TMCs. Based on Eshelbys equivalent inclusion theory and Mori-Tanakas concept of average stress in the matrix, the compliance tensor is formulated. By adding nucleation and growth crack models, the influences of micro-cracks on compliance tensor and damage evolution are examined. Finally, a one-dimensional dynamic constitutive model subjected to impact loading is presented to explore the mechanical behavior of TiC/TMCs.

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12

Huan, Hai Xiang, Jiu Hua Xu, Yu Can Fu, Hong Hua Su, Wei Liang Bian, and Yu Zhang. "Experimental Study on Turning of Titanium Matrix Composites with PCD Tools." Materials Science Forum 723 (June 2012): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.723.20.

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Titanium Matrix Composites (TMCs) parts usually requires high mechanical performance. The good workpiece surface quality and long tool life is the two target of finishing machining. In this paper, finishing turning tests are performed to investigate the workpiece surface roughness and tool life of machining TMCs with Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) tools at the cutting speed range 60m/min to 120m/min. The results show that the workpiece surface roughness is obtained range Ra 0.44 to Ra 0.53m. tool life reaches about 10.6min, 7.9min, 7min and 5.5min at the cutting speed of 60m/min, 80m/min, 100m/min and 120m/min, respectively.

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13

Wang, Ji Heng, Guang Fa Huang, Jiu Xiao Li, Jian Wei Mao, Xiang Long Guo, and Wei Jie Lu. "Ambient-Temperature and High-Temperature Tensile Properties of Investment Casted Titanium Matrix Composites with B₄C Additions." Materials Science Forum 849 (March 2016): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.849.443.

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Titanium matrix composites (TMCs) were prepared by investment casting in a consumable arc skull casting furnace. The effects of B4C additions on ambient-temperature and high-temperature tensile properties of TMCs were investigated. It has been found that with the addition of B4C, the microstructure of TMCs was refined and the strength improved. The strength enhancement of the TMCs is ascribed to the combined effects of the second-phase strengthening, grain refinement strengthening and the solution strengthening. The grain refinement and solution strengthening effects play a main role in the yield strength enhancement of TMCs at ambient temperature, and the second-phase strengthening of TiB whiskers and TiC particles plays a more important role at high temperature.

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14

Biedunkiewicz, Anna, Pawel Figiel, Witold Biedunkiewicz, Dariusz Grzesiak, Marta Krawczyk, and Anna Stasiukiewicz. "Microstructure and Tribocorrosion Properties of Titanium Matrix Nanocomposites Manufactured by Selective Laser Sintering/Melting Method." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.247.

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This work presents an investigation of tribocorrosion properties of titanium matrix composites (TMCs) reinforced with non-oxide ceramic nanoparticles. The evaluated materials were manufactured by selective laser melting technique (SLM). As a matrix titanium and as a reinforcing phase TiC nanoparticles were used. For SLM process the mixtures of the powders composed of 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 vol % of nanocrysalline titanium carbide (nc-TiC) were prepared. The influence of the reinforcements on the tribocorrosion properties of TMCs manufactured by SLM process was examined. Tribocorrosion “ball on disc” tests in Ringer's solution and under ambient dry conditions were carried out. It was shown that nanocomposite consisted of 20 vol.% of nc-TiC characterized by the best wear and tribocorrosion resistance.

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15

Ariza Galván, Enrique, Isabel Montealegre-Meléndez, Cristina Arévalo, Michael Kitzmantel, and Erich Neubauer. "Ti/B₄C Composites Prepared by In Situ Reaction Using Inductive Hot Pressing." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.121.

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In the present work, in situ reinforced titanium composites (TMCs) synthesized using inductive hot pressing (iHP) are studied. The effects of B4C phases and applied processing conditions, on the microstructure and properties of TMCs, are investigated. With the addition of B4C particles, the microstructure of TMCs is refined and the strength is improved.Products of reactions which occur during the manufacturing process are analysed in detail. Microstructure observation illustrates, that B4C survives - depending on the processing conditions. The reinforcing phases are homogeneously distributed in Ti matrix. Moreover, results of densification, mechanical properties and hardness measurements help to identify the most suitable processing conditions to produce this kind of TMCs.

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16

Xi, Xin Xin, Wen Feng Ding, Zheng Li, Jiu Hua Xu, and Xun Yang Wang. "A Study on Heat Transfer in High-Speed Grinding of Titanium Matrix Composites." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.1003.

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High-speed grinding experiment of titanium matrix composites is carried out with cubic boron nitride (CBN) superabrasive wheels in this work. The heat transfer into the titanium matrix composites (TMCs) is discussed based on theoretical analysis. A calculation method of thermal ratio passing into the workpiece is represented. Results obtained show that high-speed grinding of PTMCs using vitrified CBN wheel has a greater thermal ratio passing into the workpiece than using electroplated CBN wheel. Moreover, a linear relationship is established between es and ds1/4ap-3/4vw-1/2.

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17

Ghorbani, Hassan, Ali Habibolahzadeh, Mohammad Azadeh, and Arash Kariminejad. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Matrix Composite Reinforced by Functionalized MultiWalled Carbon Nanotube." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.530.

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In this study, titanium matrix composites (TMCs) reinforced by functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) , prepared via powder metallurgy (PM) route. The powder mixture was pressed under 310 MPa (cold press), then sintered in vacuum furnace for 2h at 1300 °C . The Optimum mixing time under Ar atmosphere was 2h at mixing speed of 250 rpm. The microstructure of solid-state sintered composite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Mechanical properties of TMC were significantly improved by addition of functionalized MWCNTs compared to the pure titanium sample, due to uniform distribution of Un-bundled MWCNTs. in during mechanical alloying process, mixture powder reached ultrafine size.

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18

Fereiduni, Eskandar, Ali Ghasemi, and Mohamed Elbestawi. "Selective Laser Melting of Aluminum and Titanium Matrix Composites: Recent Progress and Potential Applications in the Aerospace Industry." Aerospace 7, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7060077.

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Selective laser melting (SLM) is a near-net-shape time- and cost-effective manufacturing technique, which can create strong and efficient components with potential applications in the aerospace industry. To meet the requirements of the growing aerospace industrial demands, lighter materials with enhanced mechanical properties are of the utmost need. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are extraordinary engineering materials with tailorable properties, bilaterally benefiting from the desired properties of reinforcement and matrix constituents. Among a wide range of MMCs currently available, aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) and titanium matrix composites (TMCs) are highly potential candidates for aerospace applications owing to their outstanding strength-to-weight ratio. However, the feasibility of SLM-fabricated composites utilization in aerospace applications is still challenging. This review addresses the SLM of AMCs/TMCs by considering the processability (densification level) and microstructural evolutions as the most significant factors determining the mechanical properties of the final part. The mechanical properties of fabricated MMCs are assessed in terms of hardness, tensile/compressive strength, ductility, and wear resistance, and are compared to their monolithic states. The knowledge gained from process–microstructure–mechanical properties relationship investigations can pave the way to make the existing materials better and invent new materials compatible with growing aerospace industrial demands.

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19

Mao, Jian Wei, Yuan Fei Han, Wei Jie Lu, and Li Qiang Wang. "Investigation of the Effect of Argon Arc Welding Parameters on Properties of Thin Plate of In Situ Titanium Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 849 (March 2016): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.849.436.

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The weldability of in-situ titanium matrix composites (TMCs) was studied using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The effects of GTAW on the microstructure of fusion zone and heat-affected zone were discussed, and the changes of TiB whisker reinforcements in the welded joint were investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD analysis and tension testing at room temperature. Research results show that the GTAW process is a suitable welding method for in-situ TMCs. Under reasonable welding parameters, the welded joints display goo weld seam formation, and TiB whiskers show distinctly smaller sizes and uniform distribution with a special network structure. The maximum tensile strength of welded joints can reach 92% of the base metal under optimum welding parameters.

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20

Yamazaki, Yasuhiro, A. Ikada, and M. Okazaki. "Normal and Abnormal Fracture Behaviors in Low-Cycle Fatigue of a Unidirectionally Reinforced SCS-6/SP-700 Composite." Key Engineering Materials 261-263 (April 2004): 1091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.261-263.1091.

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Titanium alloy matrix composites (TMCs) have received considerable interest as structural materials for aeronautical applications, because of their higher specific strength and stiffness. When applying TMCs at elevated temperatures, high temperature isothermal low-cycle fatigue (LCF)failure is one of critical issues to be concerned. A unidirectionally reinforced SCS-6/ SP-700 composite is a tentative target in this work, where the matrix alloy, SP-700 is a new generation high strength Titanium alloy developed by NKK Inc., and the SCS-6 is a beta-SiC fiber developed by Textron Specially Materials, respectively. A merit to employ the SP-700 is that this alloy enables to reduce a fabrication temperature, because of its capability for superplasticity at relatively lower temperatures. The 7-plies composite specimen was produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 800°C for 0.5 hrs. in vacuum, alternating layers of thin-foils of the SP-700 and the green tapes of the SCS-6 fibers, so that the fibers were uniformly distributed as a hexagonal array in the matrix. The volume fraction of the fibers in the composite is about 28 %. In this work, the following articles in a unidirectionally reinforced SCS-6/SP-700 composite have been studied and evaluated: (i)mechanical properties of the SCS-6/SP-700 composite and the matrix alloy at temperatures ranged between room temperature and 450°C; (ii) LCF lives and the failure modes of the composite and the matrix alloy at room temperature and 450°C; (iii) fiber push-out tests at elevated temperatures ranged between room temperature and 600°C, to represent the fiber/matrix interfacial strength; and (iv) observation and the characterization of the interfacial reaction zone by means of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). Based on these experimental results, the effects of temperature and the loading frequency on LCF failure of the SCS-6/SP-700 composite were discussed.

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21

Johnson, WS, JE Masters, TK O'Brien, and WS Johnson. "Introduction to Workshop on Crack Growth Behavior of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Titanium Matrix Composites (TMCs)." Journal of Composites Technology and Research 15, no. 3 (1993): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/ctr10371j.

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22

Zheng, Yi Feng, Xun Yao, Yong Jun Su, and De Liang Zhang. "Fabrication of In Situ TiC Reinforced Ti Matrix Composites by Thermomechanical Consolidation of TiH₂/CNTs Powder Mixtures." Key Engineering Materials 704 (August 2016): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.704.55.

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In this work, in-situ TiC reinforced Ti matrix composites (TMCs) have been fabricated via blending TiH2 powder and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) followed by thermomechanical consolidation of the TiH2/CNTs powder mixture. The dehydrogenation, in situ reaction and consolidation occurred simultaneously and took less than 15 minutes in total. The effect of CNTs content (1 and 3 vol.% (0.56 and 1.69 wt.%)) on the evolution of microstructures and mechanical performances of the extruded samples has been investigated. The results showed that the extruded TMCs had a duplex microstructure consisting of coarse alpha titanium grains and ultrafine grained (UFG) regions, and the in-situ formed TiC particles had a near-spherical shape. The extruded sample with 1 vol.% (0.56 wt.%) CNTs reinforced exhibited a yield strength of 807.3 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 1085.9 MPa and elongation to fracture of 3.3% at room temperature. The mechanism of microstructural evolution and material failure are discussed.e are discussed.

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23

García de Cortázar, M., Javier Goñi, J. Coleto, I. Agote, P. Egizabal, and Y. Lepetitcorps. "Development of New Low Cost Discontinuously Reinforced Titanium Composites for Commercial Applications." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.763.

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A new cost effective process to produce discontinuously reinforced (TiB) TMCs has been developed. The article presents general features of the composites, microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties. The production and characterization of two potential commercial applications are also discussed.

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24

Motyka, Maciej. "Titanium Alloys and Titanium-Based Matrix Composites." Metals 11, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091463.

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25

Morsi, K., V. V. Patel, S. Naraghi, and J. E. Garay. "Processing of titanium–titanium boride dual matrix composites." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 196, no. 1-3 (January 2008): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.05.047.

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26

Lederich, Richard J., Wolé O. Soboyejo, and T. S. Srivatsan. "Preparing damage-tolerant titanium-matrix composites." JOM 46, no. 11 (November 1994): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03222639.

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27

Hayat, Muhammad D., Harshpreet Singh, Zhen He, and Peng Cao. "Titanium metal matrix composites: An overview." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 121 (June 2019): 418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.04.005.

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28

Warrier, S. G., C. A. Blue, and R. Y. Lin. "Infiltration of titanium alloy-matrix composites." Journal of Materials Science Letters 12, no. 11 (1993): 865–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00278000.

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29

Yang, J. M., and S. M. Jeng. "Interfacial reactions in titanium-matrix composites." JOM 41, no. 11 (November 1989): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03220385.

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30

Hall, I. W., J. L. Lirn, and J. Rizza. "Interfacial reactions in titanium matrix composites." Journal of Materials Science Letters 10, no. 5 (1991): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00735652.

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31

Thompson, M. S., and V. C. Nardone. "In-situ-reinforced titanium matrix composites." Materials Science and Engineering: A 144, no. 1-2 (October 1991): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(91)90216-a.

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32

Dudek, H. J., A. Werner, and R. Leucht. "Graded titanium boride fibre protective coatings for titanium matrix composites." Materials Science and Engineering: A 212, no. 2 (July 1996): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(96)10220-3.

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33

TAGAWA, Tetsuya, Jung Hwan HWANG, Eisuke WADAHARA, Hirohito HIRA, and Takashi MIYATA. "Fatigue Behavior in Titanium Alloy Matrix Composites." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 48, no. 5 (1999): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.48.501.

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34

Kondoh, Katsuyoshi, Masashi Kawakami, Junko Umeda, and Hisashi Imai. "Magnesium Matrix Composites Reinforced with Titanium Particles." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.371.

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In fabricating metal matrix composites, it is important to evaluate the coherence at the interface between the reinforcements and the matrix metal. Titanium particulates were selected as suitable reinforcements in this study because they had high hardness and Young’s modulus compared to the magnesium alloys used as the matrix, and also showed better ductility than those of ceramic particles. The wettability in the combination of pure magnesium and pure titanium was investigated in this study. The sessile drop method indicated that the contact angle in the case of Mg-Ti was 40°at 1073K in argon gas atmosphere, and showed an excellent wettability of pure titanium by molten pure magnesium. No intermetallic compound at the interface between them was detected. Titanium particulate could be effective reinforcements of magnesium composite materials. Water-atomized magnesium composite powders including titanium particles were used as raw materials, and consolidated by cold compaction and hot extrusion. When including about 3 mass% Ti particles, the magnesium composites reinforced with them showed significantly improved yield stress and tensile strength, while having good elongation.

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35

Yamada, Takeshi, Takayuki Tsuzuku, and Hiroaki Sato. "Development of Superplastic-Formable Titanium Matrix Composites." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 65, no. 3 (2001): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.65.3_207.

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36

Vancheeswaran, Ravi, David G. Meyer, and Haydn N. G. Wadley. "Optimizing the consolidation of titanium matrix composites." Acta Materialia 45, no. 10 (October 1997): 4001–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(97)00104-3.

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37

Nicholas, T. "Fatigue Life Prediction in Titanium Matrix Composites." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 117, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2804737.

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Methods used for life prediction of titanium matrix composites under isothermal and thermomechanical (TMF) fatigue are reviewed. Models containing a single parameter are shown to have applicability only under limited conditions. Two models, a dominant damage and a life fraction model, demonstrate predictive capabilities over a broad range of loads, frequencies, temperatures, and TMF parameters. Relationships between the underlying fatigue mechanisms and the individual terms in the models are illustrated.

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38

Neubauer, Erich, Lilla Vály, Michael Kitzmantel, David Grech, Ana Rovira Ortega, Isabel Montealegre-Meléndez, and Cristina Arévalo. "Titanium Matrix Composites with High Specific Stiffness." Key Engineering Materials 704 (August 2016): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.704.38.

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Materials with specific stiffness value above 100 [GPa/(g/cm3)] are typically fiber‑reinforced materials. These materials suffer from the fact that they have anisotropic behavior which means high specific stiffness values can only be obtained in the direction parallel to the fiber. In order to obtain materials with a specific stiffness >60 in all directions, several Titanium based composites have been screened. Fillers based on B4C particles have been identified as most promising to reinforce a Titanium or Titanium alloy matrix for this purpose. For the manufacturing of the composites a rapid hot pressing technique (similar to Spark Plasma Sintering) was used. Besides the assessment and characterization of the Young´s Modulus and the hardness the impact of processing parameters on the microstructure was also investigated.

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39

Kao, W. H., and H. A. Katzman. "MgO DIFFUSION BARRIER FOR TITANIUM MATRIX COMPOSITES." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 7, no. 2 (January 1992): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426919208947409.

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40

Yamada, T., T. Tsuzuku, Y. Kawachi, and K. Yasuhira. "Blade Fabrication Process for Titanium Matrix Composites." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 15, no. 3 (May 2000): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910008912992.

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41

Lissenden, Cliff J., and Carl T. Herakovich. "Interfacial debonding in laminated titanium matrix composites." Mechanics of Materials 22, no. 4 (April 1996): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6636(95)00031-3.

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42

Froes, F. H. "Titanium metal matrix composites by plasma spraying." Metal Powder Report 45, no. 10 (October 1990): 661–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0657(90)90931-6.

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43

Jiao, Yang, Lujun Huang, and Lin Geng. "Progress on discontinuously reinforced titanium matrix composites." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 767 (October 2018): 1196–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.07.100.

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44

Zhang, Di, Jun Qiang Lu, Wei Jie Lu, and Ji Ning Qin. "Study on In Situ Synthesized Titanium Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.751.

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In the present work, titanium matrix composites reinforced with TiB, TiC, and Re2O3 (Nd2O3 or Y2O3) were fabricated via common casting and hot-forging technology utilizing the chemical reaction between Ti, B4C (or C), rare earth (Re) and B2O3 through homogeneously melting in a non-consumable vacuum arc remelting furnace. In this work, Nd and Y were chosen as rare earth (Re) added in the in situ reaction. The thermodynamics of in situ synthesis reactions was studied. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that no other phases appeared except for TiB, TiC and Re2O3. The microstructures of the composites were examined by optical microscopy (OM). The results showed that there were mainly three kinds of reinforcements: TiB whiskers, TiC particles and Re2O3 particles. The reinforcements were fine and were homogeneously distributed in the matrix. The interfaces of TiB-Ti and Y2O3-Ti have been examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM).Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area diffraction (SAD) were used to analyze the orientation relationships of TiB-Ti, Nd2O3-Ti, and Y2O3-Ti. The mechanical properties at room temperature improved with the addition of TiB whiskers and TiC particles although some reduction in ductility was observed. The (TiB+TiC)/Ti6242 composite with TiB:TiC=1:1 shows higher tensile strength and ductility.

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45

Warrier, S. G. "Developments in the Processing of Titanium Matrix Composites." Key Engineering Materials 104-107 (July 1995): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.104-107.475.

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46

Escaich, Cécile, Zhongde Shi, Luc Baron, and Marek Balazinski. "Machining of Titanium Metal Matrix Composites: Progress Overview." Materials 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 5011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13215011.

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The TiC particles in titanium metal matrix composites (TiMMCs) make them difficult to machine. As a specific MMC, it is legitimate to wonder if the cutting mechanisms of TiMMCs are the same as or similar to those of MMCs. For this purpose, the tool wear mechanisms for turning, milling, and grinding are reviewed in this paper and compared with those for other MMCs. In addition, the chip formation and morphology, the material removal mechanism and surface quality are discussed for the different machining processes and examined thoroughly. Comparisons of the machining mechanisms between the TiMMCs and MMCs indicate that the findings for other MMCs should not be taken for granted for TiMMCs for the machining processes reviewed. The increase in cutting speed leads to a decrease in roughness value during grinding and an increase of the tool life during turning. Unconventional machining such as laser-assisted turning is effective to increase tool life. Under certain conditions, a “wear shield” was observed during the early stages of tool wear during turning, thereby increasing tool life considerably. The studies carried out on milling showed that the cutting parameters affecting surface roughness and tool wear are dependent on the tool material. The high temperatures and high shears that occur during machining lead to microstructural changes in the workpiece during grinding, and in the chips during turning. The adiabatic shear band (ASB) of the chips is the seat of the sub-grains’ formation. Finally, the cutting speed and lubrication influenced dust emission during turning but more studies are needed to validate this finding. For the milling or grinding, there are major areas to be considered for thoroughly understanding the machining behavior of TiMMCs (tool wear mechanisms, chip formation, dust emission, etc.).

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Dudek, H. J., and K. Weber. "Artificial silicide barrier coatings in titanium matrix composites." Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 93, no. 11 (November 2002): 1172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.021172.

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Doǧan, Ö. N., J. A. Hawk, J. H. Tylczak, R. D. Wilson, and R. D. Govier. "Wear of titanium carbide reinforced metal matrix composites." Wear 225-229 (April 1999): 758–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(99)00030-7.

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Alman, D. E. "Abrasive wear of PM titanium-metal matrix composites." Metal Powder Report 53, no. 5 (May 1998): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(98)85073-x.

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Johnson, WS, JE Masters, TK O'Brien, SM Jeng, T.-HB Nguyen, O. Dana, and J.-M. Yang. "Fatigue Cracking of Fiber-Reinforced Titanium Matrix Composites." Journal of Composites Technology and Research 15, no. 3 (1993): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/ctr10373j.

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