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Journal articles on the topic 'Titanium sulphate. Titanium dioxide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Gordienko, P. S., V. A. Dostovalov, and E. V. Pashnina. "Hydrofluoride Method of Complex Processing of Titanium-Containing Raw Materials." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.542.

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The use of titanium dioxide is so diverse that varies from food to heavy industry and it is the main substance in the titanium industry. Over 90% of the world's mined titanium concentrates are processed to produce pigments. The sources for the production of titanium dioxide are the typically used titanium-containing ores including minerals rutile, ilmenite, and others. The volume of world production of titanium dioxide pigment exceeds 5 million tons per year and it is carried out in two ways: sulphate and chlorine (in approximately equal volumes). The changed approach to the green production processes requires the improvement of existing technologies and the development of new methods for processing titanium-containing raw materials. The authors have experimentally confirmed the high efficiency of complex, waste-free processing of titanium-containing raw materials developed by hydrofluoride. Creating pigment production on the basis hydrofluoride method will meet not only the domestic needs but also offer thepigment for export, as its parameters will surpass those of the best world analogues.

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2

Grzmil, Barbara, Daniel Grela, and Bogumił Kic. "Effects of processing parameters on hydrolysis of TiOSO4." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 11, no. 3 (2009): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-009-0030-1.

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Effects of processing parameters on hydrolysis of TiOSO4 The influence of both TiOSO4 concentrations in the starting solution and a way of conducting hydrolysis on the degree of titanyl sulphate conversion to hydrated titanium dioxide were studied. Titanyl sulphate solution, an intermediate product in the commercial preparation of titanium dioxide pigments by sulphate method, was used. The continuous method of conducting hydrolysis was applied using one or two reactors connected in series. It was found that the degree of hydrolysis markedly depends on the studied parameters. It was also found that TiOSO4 hydrolysis using the continuous method should be conducted: i) at a possibly low concentration of free sulfuric acid in the solution and; ii) in two or more rectors connected in series.

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3

Sumisha, Anappara, Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Dharani Praveen Kumar, and Muthukonda V. Shankar. "Functionalized titanate nanotube–polyetherimide nanocomposite membrane for improved salt rejection under low pressure nanofiltration." RSC Advances 5, no. 49 (2015): 39464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra03520a.

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Copper functionalised titanium dioxide (Cu-TNT) nanotubes dispersed polyetherimide (PEI mixed matrix membrane showed a better salt rejection of salts solution of potassium sulphate (K₂SO₄), sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl₂).

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4

Gázquez, Manuel Jesús, Manuel Contreras, Silvia María Pérez-Moreno, Jose Luis Guerrero, Melquiades Casas-Ruiz, and Juan Pedro Bolívar. "A Review of the Commercial Uses of Sulphate Minerals from the Titanium Dioxide Pigment Industry: The Case of Huelva (Spain)." Minerals 11, no. 6 (2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060575.

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This study was focused on the historical evolution of the waste management policy carried out by the Spanish industry devoted to titanium dioxide pigments manufacturing for minimising its environmental impact. This challenge was achieved by modifying the original chemical process and converting the originally dissolved sulphate and sulphuric acid present in the final streams of the factory into sulphate minerals (melanterite FeSO4·7H2O, szomolnokite FeSO4·H2O, and gypsum CaSO4·2H2O). These by-products were physicochemically, mineralogically and radiologically characterised in order to gain basic information for its subsequent commercial use. Some of the uses summarised in this study for both ferrous sulphates are as a supplier of iron to prevent chlorosis, animal food, manufacture of cement (to reduce Cr VI), primary flocculants for ferrous sulphates, magnetite nanoparticle and nano-Fe2O3 formation, production of magnetite concentrate, remediation of polluted soils with metals, and treatment of wastewaters. Red gypsum was analysed as a substitute for natural gypsum in the manufacture of cement, construction materials, inhibitor in soil erosion, and the immobilisation of heavy metals in agricultural soils and carbonation processes.

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5

Ricceri, Riccardo. "ADSORPTION OF POLYSTYRENE SULPHONATE AND CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM ON TITANIUM DIOXIDE." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 18, no. 3 (1997): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932699708943734.

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6

Vondruska, M., V. Bednarik, and M. Sild. "Stabilization/solidification of waste ferrous sulphate from titanium dioxide production by fluidized bed combustion product." Waste Management 21, no. 1 (2001): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-053x(00)00075-1.

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7

Ginsberg, T., M. Modigell, and W. Wilsmann. "Thermochemical characterisation of the calcination process step in the sulphate method for production of titanium dioxide." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 89, no. 7 (2011): 990–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2010.11.006.

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8

Ayre, Wayne Nishio, Nicole Scully, Carole Elford, et al. "Alternative radiopacifiers for polymethyl methacrylate bone cements: Silane-treated anatase titanium dioxide and yttria-stabilised zirconium dioxide." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 35, no. 10 (2021): 1235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328220983797.

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Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is widely used for anchoring joint arthroplasties. In cement brands approved for these procedures, micron-sized particles (usually barium sulphate, BaSO4) act as the radiopacifier. It has been postulated that these particles act as sites for crack initiation and subsequently cement fatigue. This study investigated whether alternative radiopacifiers, anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) and yttria-stabilised zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), could improve the in vitro mechanical, fatigue crack propagation and biological properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement and whether their coating with a silane could further enhance cement performance. Cement samples containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%w/w TiO2 or ZrO2 and 10%w/w silane-treated TiO2 or ZrO2 were prepared and characterised in vitro in terms of radiopacity, compressive and bending strength, bending modulus, fatigue crack propagation, hydroxyapatite forming ability and MC3T3-E1 cell attachment and viability. Cement samples with greater than 10%w/w TiO2 and ZrO2 had a similar radiopacity to the control 10%w/w BaSO4 cement and commercial products. The addition of TiO2 and ZrO2 to bone cement reduced the bending strength and fracture toughness and increased fatigue crack propagation due to the formation of agglomerations and voids. Silane treating TiO2 reversed this effect, enhancing the dispersion and adhesion of particles to the PMMA matrix and resulted in improved mechanical properties and fatigue crack propagation resistance. Silane-treated TiO2 cements had increased nucleation of hydroxyapatite and MC3T3-E1 cell attachment in vitro, without significantly compromising cell viability. This research has demonstrated that 10%w/w silane-treated anatase TiO2 is a promising alternative radiopacifier for PMMA bone cement offering additional benefits over conventional BaSO4 radiopacifiers.

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9

Krysenko, G. F., D. G. Epov, M. A. Medkov, and E. B. Merkulov. "Studying of possibility for breakdown of ilmenite concentrate with ammonium sulphate." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 4, no. 312 (2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2020/6445.03.

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The data on investigation of the possibility of breakdown of ilmenite concentrate of the Ariadnensky deposit in Primorsky Krai with ammonium sulfate are presented in the article. For study the ilmenite concentrate and ammonium sulfate interaction, the concentrate and (NH4)2SO4 were mixed based on the formation of sulfates of the main components of the concentrate and then double sulfates of the components of the concentrate and ammonium. The interaction was carried out in glassy carbon crucibles, which were placed in a muffle furnace controller company Nabertherm GmbH (Germany). The weight of sample was 10–40 g. Thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction and atomic absorption analyses were used in the study. It was found that when the temperature of thermal decomposition of (NH4)2SO4 (3000С) is reached, the interaction of the main components of the concentrate with (NH4)2SO4 begins and proceeds in the temperature range of 300-3600С with the formation of a mixture of double salts well soluble in water - ammonium sulfate and iron compounds (NH4)2Fe2(SO4)3 and NH4Fe(SO4)2 and ammonium sulfate and titanyl of the composition (NH4)2TiO(SO4)2. The interaction at a temperature above 3600С leads to thermal decomposition of the formed double sulfates of ammonium and titanyl and ammonium and iron to sulfates and then oxides. It was shown that water leaching of the product of the interaction of ilmenite concentrate with (NH4)2SO4 at 3600С allows to extract practically all titanium and the bulk of iron to water in the form of well soluble double salts. The conditions for the titanium dioxide separation in the form of anatase from the water leaching solution were found.

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10

Suppiah, S., and D. L. Burns. "Hydrogen sulphide oxidation over teflon treated activated alumina and titanium dioxide catalysts." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 71, no. 5 (1993): 704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450710508.

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11

Patil, Ganesh C., Vijayasri Kristaparapu, Suyog T. Ingle, Sutripto Majumder, and Babasaheb R. Sankapal. "Approach for fabricating JLT using chemically deposited cadmium sulphide and titanium dioxide." Micro & Nano Letters 14, no. 10 (2019): 1060–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2019.0018.

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12

Fridrichová, Marcela, Karel Dvořák, and Iveta Hájková. "Alternative Preparation of Sulphated Binders from Secondary Raw-Material Resources." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2338.

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The insufficient occurrence of raw material resources on our territory was one of the historical reasons for marginal production of sulphated binders from secondary raw-material resources. Also the unprofitability of material production based on calcium sulphate was related to this fact. This was changed in the end of the last century when formation of waste raw materials increased with industrial development. Secondary gypsums became basic raw material for production of plaster boards, plaster mixtures and anhydrite self-levelling mixtures. Wet flue gas cleaning desulphation process during which the energogypsum is formed is nowadays realised in major part of our power stations. Annual production of the energogypsum produced in this way in particular power stations is about 250 kt. The energogypsum is generally stored in stock piles as a so called stabilisate and partially is delivered to cement works as a solidification regulator. Chemogypsum is produced in chemical works where waste waters with content of SO42- occur, which must be desulphated with lime in water ambient. Further it is formed in citric acid productions where also sulphated waters occur. Last but no least it is also produced in industrial production of phosphates. Production of titanium dioxide is another example of the industry where the possibility of gypsum formation exists.

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13

SALARI, MARYAM, MASIH REZAEE, S. M. MOUSAVI KOIE, P. MARASHI, and H. ABOUTALEBI. "EFFECT OF MILLING TIME ON MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF TiO2 NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 18n19 (2008): 2955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208047808.

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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have great potential for use in photocatalytic applications, cosmetics, white pigments and so on. In this paper, the effect of milling time on particle size, morphology and phase composition of TiO 2 nanoparticles, prepared by mechanochemical method, was investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). TiO 2 nanoparticles were prepared by the use of high energy ball milling of titanyl sulphate ( TiOSO 4) and NaCl powders as the starting mixture in different milling durations. The milled powder was annealed at 700°C for 30 min. The NaCl powder, used as the diluent phase, was removed by washing the annealed powder with distilled water. It was found that with increasing milling time, decrease in the size of equiaxed spherical particles and increase in temperature of anatase to rutile transformation ( A → R ) can be observed.

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14

Shvadchina, Yu O., M. K. Cherepivskaya, V. F. Vakulenko, A. N. Sova, I. V. Stolyarova, and R. V. Prikhodko. "The study of properties and catalytic activity of titanium dioxide doped with sulphure." Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology 37, no. 6 (2015): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1063455x15060041.

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15

Hidaka, Hisao, Hayashi Kubota, Michael Graätzel, Ezio Pelizzetti, and Nick Serpone. "Photodegradation of surfactants II: Degradation of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate catalysed by titanium dioxide particles." Journal of Photochemistry 35, no. 2 (1986): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2670(86)85030-4.

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16

da Silva Andrade Neto, José, Diana Dayse Mariano de Albuquerque, Nilson Santana Amorim Júnior, and Daniel Véras Ribeiro. "Effect of the Addition of Unreacted Ilmenite (UOW) on the Hydration of White Portland Cement - Hydrated Lime Pastes." Key Engineering Materials 803 (May 2019): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.803.289.

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This paper evaluates the effect of the incorporation of unreacted ilmenite (UOW), waste from the production of titanium dioxide, on the hydration of white Portland cement – hydrated lime pastes. For this, after the physical and mineralogical characterization of the raw materials, pastes with additions of 5%, 10% and 15% of UOW, in relation to cement weight, besides a reference paste (without UOW), were molded. Tests of setting time determination by Vicat needle and semi-adiabatic calorimetry tests were carried out, as well as thermogravitry analysis of pastes at 7 days of curing. The addition of UOW, due to the presence of anhydrite (calcium sulphate) in its composition, is responsible for delaying the hydration of the white Portland cement – hydrated lime pastes, increasing the setting time and reducing the heat release. Despite the influence in the first hours, the waste did not influence significantly the contents of combined water and portlandite formed in the pastes at 7 days.

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17

Lindner, M., D. W. Bahnemann, B. Hirthe, and W. D. Griebler. "Solar Water Detoxification: Novel TiO2 Powders as Highly Active Photocatalysts." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, no. 2 (1997): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2887890.

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The photocatalytic activity of a novel anatase titanium dioxide powder, namely Sachtleben Hombikat UV 100, has been investigated and compared with that of a well-studied material (i.e., Degussa P25). Laboratory experiments using dichloroacetate (DCA) as the model pollutant have been carried out showing a very high photonic efficiency (ζ) reaching almost unity at low-light intensities. The effect of pH, substrate concentration, catalyst concentration, and addition of various inorganic salts has been thoroughly investigated. The inhibiting effect of anions such as chloride, nitrate, sulphate, and phosphate was completely reversible upon washing the catalyst powder with pure water or diluted base, respectively. The overall photonic efficiency of the DCA degradation was found to decrease with increasing illumination intensity. Various kinetic and mechanistic models are proposed to explain this effect as well as the results of the other experiments. Implications of these laboratory results for “real world” applications, e.g., for the design of appropriate photoreactors, are discussed.

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18

Mohd Tadza, Mohd Yuhyi, Nurmazuria Mazelan, Nur Farahana Yusri, and Amizatulhani Abdullah. "Some Geotechnical Properties of Pure and Waste Gypsum for Geoelectrical Grounding Applications." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 29, no. 3 (2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2019-0027.

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Abstract Natural occurring gypsum is a soft mineral consists of hydrated calcium sulphate, mainly used in cement industry. On the other hand, red gypsum (RG) is a waste generated from a sulphate process of ilmenite ore to acquire titanium dioxide. Due to the gypsum content in both materials are similar, it is expected that both gypsum type can be used for similar engineering applications. In this study, RG was tested and compared to pure gypsum for geoelectrical grounding applications. The geotechnical properties and plasticity characteristics were carefully measured and tested. In addition, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was employed to study the chemical constituents of the materials. Test results showed that, the geotechnical properties of RG is different to that of white gypsum. The plasticity index (PI) of RG was 239.6% greater due to the presence of Fe ions. Surprisingly, the electrical resistivity of both material were found to be similar. It was also noted that, although the plasticity of pure gypsum is high, the plasticity of pure gypsum was found to be short lived primarily due to instantaneous exothermic reaction between water and semi-hydrated gypsum. The change in the plasticity also affected the resistivity as gypsum hardened after short duration. Based on the geotechnical and plasticity characteristics determined, RG was found to be a better as grounding material as compared to gypsum.

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19

Salari, Mary, Masih Rezaee, and Pirooz Marashi. "Solid State Preparation of TiO₂ Nanoparticles in Optimal NaCl: TiOSO₄ Weight Ratio and Milling Time." Journal of Nano Research 6 (June 2009): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.6.15.

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A solid-state reaction of TiOSO4.xH2SO4.yH2OTiO2 + (x+y)H2O + (x+1)SO3 was induced during milling to synthesis the titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Titanyl sulphate (TiOSO4.xH2O.yH2SO4) and NaCl powders were used as the reactant and diluent phases, respectively. Annealing the as-milled powder at 700°C along with diluent phase and the removal of the NaCl through washing resulted in fairly equiaxed anatase and rutile TiO2 nanoparticles with the mean size in the range of 15-55 nm. The effect of volume fraction of diluent phase (NaCl) and milling time on the particle size distribution, agglomeration and anatase to rutile phase transformation (AR) of TiO2 nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Investigations showed that increasing the NaCl: TiOSO4 weight ratio (NTR) leads to the formation of nanocrystalline anatase and rutile particles with more uniform size distribution, lower weight ratio of rutile phase and lower agglomeration of particles. Also, it was found that increasing the milling time can effectively decrease the nanocrystalline size of TiO2 down to 16nm and impede A  R transformation

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20

Gerasimidis, Konstantinos, Katie Bryden, Xiufen Chen, et al. "The impact of food additives, artificial sweeteners and domestic hygiene products on the human gut microbiome and its fibre fermentation capacity." European Journal of Nutrition 59, no. 7 (2019): 3213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02161-8.

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Abstract Purpose This study investigated the effect of food additives, artificial sweeteners and domestic hygiene products on the gut microbiome and fibre fermentation capacity. Methods Faecal samples from 13 healthy volunteers were fermented in batch cultures with food additives (maltodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, polysorbate-80, carrageenan-kappa, cinnamaldehyde, sodium benzoate, sodium sulphite, titanium dioxide), sweeteners (aspartame-based sweetener, sucralose, stevia) and domestic hygiene products (toothpaste and dishwashing detergent). Short-chain fatty acid production was measured with gas chromatography. Microbiome composition was characterised with 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Acetic acid increased in the presence of maltodextrin and the aspartame-based sweetener and decreased with dishwashing detergent or sodium sulphite. Propionic acid increased with maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener, sodium sulphite and polysorbate-80 and butyrate decreased dramatically with cinnamaldehyde and dishwashing detergent. Branched-chain fatty acids decreased with maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener, cinnamaldehyde, sodium benzoate and dishwashing detergent. Microbiome Shannon α-diversity increased with stevia and decreased with dishwashing detergent and cinnamaldehyde. Sucralose, cinnamaldehyde, titanium dioxide, polysorbate-80 and dishwashing detergent shifted microbiome community structure; the effects were most profound with dishwashing detergent (R2 = 43.9%, p = 0.008) followed by cinnamaldehyde (R2 = 12.8%, p = 0.016). Addition of dishwashing detergent and cinnamaldehyde increased the abundance of operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) belonging to Escherichia/Shigella and Klebsiella and decreased members of Firmicutes, including OTUs of Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum. Addition of sucralose and carrageenan-kappa also increased the abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and sucralose, sodium sulphite and polysorbate-80 did likewise to Bilophila. Polysorbate-80 decreased the abundance of OTUs of Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum. Similar effects were observed with the concentration of major bacterial groups using qPCR. In addition, maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener and sodium benzoate promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium whereas sodium sulphite, carrageenan-kappa, polysorbate-80 and dishwashing detergent had an inhibitory effect. Conclusions This study improves understanding of how additives might affect the gut microbiota composition and its fibre metabolic activity with many possible implications for human health.

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21

Dworniczek, Ewa, Gustav Plesch, Alicja Seniuk, Ryszard Adamski, Róbert Michal, and Mária Čaplovičová. "Photo-catalytic inactivation of anEnterococcusbiofilm: the anti-microbial effect of sulphated and europium-doped titanium dioxide nanopowders." FEMS Microbiology Letters 363, no. 7 (2016): fnw051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnw051.

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22

Miguel, Natividad, María P. Ormad, Rosa Mosteo, and José L. Ovelleiro. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Pesticides in Natural Water: Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/371714.

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of photocatalytic treatment with titanium dioxide in the degradation of 44 organic pesticides analyzed systematically in the Ebro river basin (Spain). The effect of the addition of hydrogen peroxide in this treatment is studied, and a monitoring of effectiveness of photocatalytic processes is carried out by measurements of physical-chemical parameters of water. The application of photocatalytic treatment with 1 g L−1of TiO2during 30 minutes achieves an average degradation of the studied pesticides of 48%. Chlorine demand, toxicity, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of water are reduced. If hydrogen peroxide is added with a concentration of 10 mM, the average degradation of pesticides increases up to 57%, although chlorine demand and toxicity of water increase while DOC concentration remains unchanged with this treatment. The application of either photocatalytic treatments does not produce variations in the physical-chemical parameters of water, such as pH, conductivity, colour, dissolved oxygen, and hardness. The pesticides which are best degraded by photocatalytic treatments are parathion methyl, chlorpyrifos, α-endosulphan, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 4-isopropylaniline, and dicofol while the worst degraded are HCHs, endosulphan-sulphate, heptachlors epoxide, and 4,4′-dichlorobenzophenone.

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Trebše, Polonca, and Mladen Franko. "Laser-induced degradation of organophosphorus compounds." International Journal of Photoenergy 4, no. 1 (2002): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x02000077.

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The object of our research has been laser-induced photo-oxidation of organophosphorus compounds in aqueous media. A XeCl excimer laser with a pulse energy of up to 150 mJ and wavelength of 308 nm has been used as a light source. The research comprised the influence of irradiation conditions on pesticide degradation (number of laser pulses, pulse energy) and decomposition efficiency. The time between irradiation and sample isolation ranged from 5 min to 24 hrs. Rapid decomposition has been achieved within two hours following the irradiation for the range of concentrations limited by the solubility of pesticide (up to 40 mgL-1). 1 mL samples required less than 120 mJ of total irradiation energy at 308 nm, which was delivered to the sample in time intervals shorter then 1 second when catalysts, such as titanium dioxide and hydrogen peroxide were applied. Similar degradation efficiency was also obtained without the addition of catalysts when higher irradiation energies were used. The compounds detected in the irradiated samples suggest that diazinon is converted directly into 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine without the formation of more toxic diazoxon. This transformation involves oxidation of the sulphur atom to the sulphate anion.

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Conde, Javier, Marlene Schwarzfischer, Egle Katkeviciute, et al. "Titanium Dioxide Presents a Different Profile in Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Experimental Colitis in Mice Lacking the IBD Risk Gene Ptpn2 in Myeloid Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (2021): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020772.

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Environmental and genetic factors have been demonstrated to contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies suggested that the food additive; titanium dioxide (TiO2) might play a causative role in the disease. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to explore the interaction between the food additive TiO2 and the well-characterized IBD risk gene protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (Ptpn2) and their role in the development of intestinal inflammation. Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced acute colitis was performed in mice lacking the expression of Ptpn2 in myeloid cells (Ptpn2LysMCre) or their wild type littermates (Ptpn2fl/fl) and exposed to the microparticle TiO2. The impact of Ptpn2 on TiO2 signalling pathways and TiO2-induced IL-1β and IL-10 levels were studied using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Ptpn2LysMCre exposed to TiO2 exhibited more severe intestinal inflammation than their wild type counterparts. This effect was likely due to the impact of TiO2 on the differentiation of intestinal macrophages, suppressing the number of anti-inflammatory macrophages in Ptpn2 deficient mice. Moreover, we also found that TiO2 was able to induce the secretion of IL-1β via mitogen-activated proteins kinases (MAPKs) and to repress the expression of IL-10 in bone marrow-derived macrophages via MAPK-independent pathways. This is the first evidence of the cooperation between the genetic risk factor Ptpn2 and the environmental factor TiO2 in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. The results presented here suggest that the ingestion of certain industrial compounds should be taken into account, especially in individuals with increased genetic risk

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Krichevskaya, M., A. Kachina, T. Malygina, S. Preis, and J. Kallas. "Photocatalytic oxidation of fuel oxygenated additives in aqueous solutions." International Journal of Photoenergy 5, no. 2 (2003): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x03000175.

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Experimental research of photocatalytical oxidation (PCO) of aqueous solutions of de-icing agents (ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether) and methyltert-butyl ether (MTBE) was undertaken. These chemicals are water-soluble components of jet and motor fuels accidentally disposed to the environment. Titanium dioxide (Degussa P25) under near-UV irradiation was selected as a photocatalyst. A slightly acidic medium was preferable for the process efficiency for MTBE, whereas a neutral medium was beneficial for de-icing agents and jet fuel aqueous extracts.TiO2suspension fractional composition was found to be dependent on pH and the presence of organic admixtures: the minimum size ofTiO2particles at their maximum uniformity was established in an acidic medium, where the efficiency of PCO of de-icing agents was the poorest. On the other hand, neutral and slightly acidic media, beneficial for PCO efficiency, were favourable for particle agglomeration, which indicates a minimal role for photocatalyst particle size in PCO efficiency. PCO efficiency increased with increasing MTBE and icing inhibitor concentration. The biodegradability of aqueous solutions of oxygenated additives increased as PCO proceeded. The influence of mineral additives—sulphate, calcium, ferric and manganese ions—on the process efficiency was found to be complex. Special attention was paid to energy-saving PCO with a photocatalyst attached to buoyant glass micro-spheres and reduced intensity of stirring of the slurry.

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Wawrzyniak, Beata, Antoni Waldemar Morawski, and Beata Tryba. "Preparation of TiO2-nitrogen-doped photocatalyst active under visible light." International Journal of Photoenergy 2006 (2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijp/2006/68248.

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This study examined the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and azo dyes such as Reactive Red 198 and Direct Green 99 by photocatalysis over amorphous hydrated titanium dioxide (TiO2· H2O) obtained directly from the sulphate technology installation modified in gaseous ammonia atmosphere. The photocatalysts were used in the solution and coated on the glass plate after sandblasting. The highest rate of phenol degradation in the solution was obtained for catalysts calcinated at 700°C (6.5% wt.), and the highest rate of dye decolorization was found for catalysts calcinated at 500°C and 600°C (ca. 40%–45%). Some TOC measurements of dye solutions were performed to check the rate of mineralization. On the glass plate, the decomposition of DG99 on TiO2/N 500 contrary to TiO2-P25 proceeded completely after 120 hours of visible light irradiation. The prolongation of the time of irradiation did not enhance DG99 degradation on TiO2-P25. The decomposition of the Direct Green 99 on TiO2/N 500 coated on the glass plate covered with liquid glass took place up to 24 hours of irradiation. The liquid layer on the glass plate which was covered with the photocatalyst reduced its activity. The nitrogen doping during calcinations under ammonia atmosphere is a new way of obtaining a photocatalyst which could have a practical application in water treatment system under broadened solar light spectrum as well as self-cleaning coatings.

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Radko, Marcelina, Andrzej Kowalczyk, Paweł Mikrut, et al. "Catalytic and photocatalytic oxidation of diphenyl sulphide to diphenyl sulfoxide over titanium dioxide doped with vanadium, zinc, and tin." RSC Advances 10, no. 7 (2020): 4023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09903d.

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Phase transitions of rutile and anatase were directed by V, Zn and Sn admixtures. Rutile containing catalysts were more active in Ph₂S oxidation than pure anatase samples. Efficiency of Ph₂S oxidation was significantly improved under UV radiation.

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Nezafati, Nader, Saeed Hesaraki, and Mostafa Shahrezaee. "Preparation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Paste-Paste Calcium Hydroxide Based Dental Cement and the Effect of Replacement of Glycol Disalicylate by Methyl Salicylate on its Basic Properties." Advanced Composites Letters 21, no. 3 (2012): 096369351202100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351202100303.

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Dycal® is a paste-paste calcium hydroxide dental cement uses as pulp capping and liner in dentistry. First paste (base paste) contains titanium dioxide and barium sulphate in glycol disalicylate and second paste (catalyst paste) contains calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide and zinc stearate in ethyl toluene sulphonamide. Equal amounts of base and catalyst paste were mixed together and a hard mass is obtained after a certain time. The set material consists of TiO2, ZnO (fillers), BaSO4 (radiopacifier) and free unreacted Ca(OH)2 dispersed in an amorphous calcium phenolate matrix. This unreacted calcium hydroxide is responsible for biological properties of Dycal® (antibacterial and formation of reparative dentin). In this research Dycal® has been fabricated and furthermore glycol disalicylate was gradually replaced by methyl salicylate up to 20 % in base paste. Cements were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also effect of the replacement was investigated on setting time, water solubility, pH and compressive strength of the cement. Results showed that unreacted calcium hydroxide decreased in set cement when methyl salicylate increase in base paste and therefore, and pH of distilled water containing cement decrease by this replacement. Setting time and water solubility also decreased when methyl salicylate increased in base paste (from 5.5 to 3 min and 4.5% to 2.5% respectively). The compressive strength showed no changes by this replacement.

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Sadikin, S. N., M. Y. A. Rahman, and A. A. Umar. "Zinc sulphide-coated titanium dioxide films as photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells: Effect of immersion time on its performance." Superlattices and Microstructures 130 (June 2019): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2019.04.026.

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Sarathchandran, S., K. Prashanthan, and P. Ravirajan. "Role of Poly(Ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(Styrene Sulphonate) on the Performance of Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide/Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) Polymer Solar Cells." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 6, no. 3 (2011): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2011.1167.

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Antonijevic, Djordje, Dragan Ilic, Vesna Medic, Slobodan Dodic, Kosovka Obradovic-Djuricic, and Zoran Rakocevic. "Evaluation of conventional and digital radiography capacities for distinguishing dental materials on radiograms depending on the present radiopacifying agent." Vojnosanitetski pregled 71, no. 11 (2014): 1006–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1411006a.

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Bacgroun/Aim. The radiopacity of an endodontic material can considerably vary as measured on film and a digital sensor. Digital radiography offers numerous advantages over convential film-based radiography in dental clinical practice regarding both diagnostic capabilities and postintervention procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of conventional and charge-conpled device (CCD) based digital radiography to detect material on radiograph depending on the radio-pacifying agent present in the material. Methods. Experimental cements were formulated by mixing Portland cement with the following radiopacifying agents: zinc oxide (ZnO), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), barium sulphate (BaSO4), iodoform (CHI3), bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and ytterbium trifluoride (YbF3). In addition, 5 endodontic materials comprising Endomethasone?, Diaket?, N2?, Roth 801? and Acroseal? were investigated to serve as control. Per three specimens of each material were radiographed alongside an aluminum step wedge on film (Eastman Kodak Company?, Rochester, NY) and a CCD-based digital sensor (Trophy Radiologie?, Cedex, France). Radiopacity values were calculated by converting the radiographic densities of the specimens expressed as a mean optical densities or mean grey scale values into equivalent thickness of aluminum. Results. Twoway ANOVA detected no significant differences with respect to the imaging system (p > 0.05), but the differences were significant with respect to radiopacifier (p < 0.001) and the interaction of the two factors (p < 0.05). Paired ttest revealed significant differences between the methods used for pure Portland cement, all concentrations of BaSO4 and CHI3, 10% and 20% additions of ZrO2 and Bi2O3 and 10% and 30% addition of YbF3 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The materials which incorporate CHI3 or BaSO4 as radiopacifying agents are expected to be significantly more radiopaque on a digital sensor than on film. During clinical practice one should concern to the quality of contrast assessement obtained by digital according to conventional radiography.

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Arfiansyah, Edwin, and A. L. Juwono. "Thermal Modification by High Speed In Situ Mixing for Nanoparticles TiO₂ and SDS Surfactant to Paraffin Based PCM Nano Enhanced Composite." Materials Science Forum 1028 (April 2021): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1028.240.

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The use of liquid-solid type phase change material (PCM) is increasing due to the importance of having a good storage for latent heat, which can be attributed to its wide range of application, such as electronics, buildings, textiles, and the automotive sector. This study employed an experimental procedure through in situ mechanical mixing of paraffin-based PCM and 4Wt% Titanium dioxide (TiO2) rutile to form nanocomposite PCM with high-speed agitation (900 rpm at 90°C for 60 minutes) and mixed with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) as the dispersant. It was conducted by applying premixing of polar solution (distilled H20 + 4Wt% SDS dispersant) to the aforementioned non-polar paraffin-based solution (paraffin wax + 4Wt% TiO2) in a 1:4 ratio, then cooled naturally. The Fourier Transient Infrared (FTIR) spectrum and the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated a characteristic typical of composite systems, in which. there is no new material system composed. The typical wavenumbers of composite PW+TiO2 (2918 cm-1, 2851cm-1, 1471 cm-1, 720cm-1 and 469 cm-1) were also seen in the FTIR, while high intensity peaks 2θ = 21.4°, 23.8 and low intensity peaks 27.4°, 36.074°, XRD patterns could be tied to monoclinic paraffin crystal with the typical plane diffractions of (110) and (200) and TiO2. The thermal properties of the composite were measured using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The findings showed that the paraffin based PCM comprised a higher thermal storage capacity of 144.3 J/g compared to its common 104.5 J/g typology. Scanning Electron Microscope observation showed a better dispersion of TiO2 clusters (smooth, spherical, and spreading). The results ultimately showed that optimizing the agitation speed at the prompt temperature contributes to the increase of the crystallite size and the capacity to isolate the temperature of nanoparticles, which may elicit a growing interest for more practical applications of the nanocomposites PCM.

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Ciapina, E. G., A. O. Santini, P. L. Weinert, M. A. Gotardo, H. R. Pezza, and L. Pezza. "Spectrophotometric determination of diclofenac in pharmaceutical preparations assisted by microwave oven." Eclética Química 30, no. 1 (2005): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-46702005000100004.

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In this work, an effective and low-cost method for the determination of sodium or potassium diclofenac is proposed in its pure form and in their pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the reaction between diclofenac and tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (p-chloranil), in methanol medium. This reaction was accelerated by irradiating of reactional mixture with microwave energy (1100 W) during 27 seconds, producing a charge transfer complex with a maximum absorption at 535 nm. The optimal reaction conditions values such as reagent concentration, heating time and stability of the reaction product were determined. Beer's law is obeyed in a concentration range from of 1.25x10-4 to 2.00x10-3 mol l-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9993 and molar absorptivity of 0.49 x10³ l mol-1 cm-1. The limit of detection (LOD) was 1.35x10-5 mol l-1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 4.49x10-5 mol l-1. In the presence of the common excipients, such as glucose, lactose, talc, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium sulphite, titanium dioxide, polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpirrolidone, mannitol and benzilic alcohol no interferences were observed. The analytical results obtained by applying the proposed method compare very favorably with those given by the United States Pharmacopeia standard procedure. Recoveries of diclofenac from various pharmaceutical preparations were within 95.9% to 103.3%, with standard deviations ranging from 0.2% to 1.8%.

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Chyliński, Filip, Jan Bobrowicz, and Paweł Łukowski. "Undissolved Ilmenite Mud from TiO2 Production—Waste or a Valuable Addition to Portland Cement Composites?" Materials 13, no. 16 (2020): 3555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163555.

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This paper presents a method of utilising ilmenite MUD created during the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2) according to the sulphate method as an additive for Portland cement composites. After the production process, undissolved MUD was additionally rinsed with water and filtrated in the factory to make it more useful (R-MUD) for implementation and also to turn back some of the by-products of the production of TiO2. R-MUD is less hazardous waste than MUD. It has a lower concentration of sulphuric acid and some heavy metals. The rinsing process raised the concentration of SiO2, which is a valuable part of R-MUD because of its potential pozzolanic activity. This means that the R-MUD might be a reactive substitute of part of Portland cement in building composites. The article presents the results of research on the pozzolanic activity of R-MUD and other materials with proved pozzolanic activity, such as silica fume, fly ash and natural pozzolana (trass). Tests were performed using thermal analysis techniques. The tests showed that the pozzolanic activity or R-MUD after three days is at the same level as silica fume and after 28 days it is twice as high as the activity of fly ash. Beyond the 180th day of curing, R-MUD had the same level of activity as fly ash. The summary is supplemented by calorimetric tests, which confirm the high reactivity of R-MUD compared to other commonly used concrete additives, already in the initial hydration period. In summary, heat of hydration after 72 h of Portland cement with R-MUD is at the same level as the heat of hydration of Portland cement with silica fume and also pure Portland cement grout. The results confirm that the process of formation of micro-silica contained in R-MUD react with calcium hydroxide to form the C-S-H phase, which is responsible for the microstructure of cement composites.

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Nyamukamba, Pardon, Makwena Justice Moloto, and Henry Mungondori. "Visible Light-Active CdS/TiO2 Hybrid Nanoparticles Immobilized on Polyacrylonitrile Membranes for the Photodegradation of Dyes in Water." Journal of Nanotechnology 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5135618.

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Reusable photocatalytic polyacrylonitrile membrane-supported cadmium sulphide/titanium dioxide hybrid nanoparticles (CdS/TiO2-PAN) were prepared using a dry-wet phase inversion technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the photocatalytic membranes had a porous sublayer, a compact top layer, and that, some of the nanoparticles were not encapsulated by the membranes. The average crystallite sizes of the CdS, TiO2, and CdS/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles were 3.41 nm, 10.47 nm, and 12.17 nm, respectively. The combination of CdS and TiO2 nanoparticles led to a red shift (band gap; ca. 2.6 eV) of the absorption band and extended the optical absorption spectrum into the visible region relative to TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of CdS/TiO2-PAN membranes was explored in the degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation, and the results revealed that the best photocatalytic performance was achieved by 0.1 g CdS/TiO2-PAN photocatalytic membrane with 5% loading of the CdS/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles, which degraded 66.29% of methylene blue in 210 minutes at 25°C and pH 8.5. It was found that the optimum loading of nanoparticles in the membranes was 0.1 g. All the photocatalytic membranes showed an insignificant decrease in the photocatalytic activity when used repeatedly. According to literature, CdS/TiO2-PAN photocatalytic membranes have not been prepared before for the purpose of treating simulated wastewater.

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ISOBE, Kaoru. "Titanium Dioxide." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 84, no. 3 (2011): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.84.104.

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THAYER, ANN M. "TITANIUM DIOXIDE." Chemical & Engineering News 76, no. 10 (1998): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v076n010.p010.

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Dal Santo, Vladimiro, and Alberto Naldoni. "Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (2018): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120591.

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Fujishima, Akira, Tata N. Rao, and Donald A. Tryk. "Titanium dioxide photocatalysis." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews 1, no. 1 (2000): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-5567(00)00002-2.

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Sharma, Madhur, Kalpit Shaha, Hemant Sharma, and Amit Maheshwari. "Titanium dioxide coating on nickel-titanium archwire." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 159, no. 5 (2021): 560–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.01.015.

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Wilkinson, H., and A. G. Tyler. "Stability of Titanium Sulphate Solutions." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 43, no. 7 (2008): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1927.tb01446.x.

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42

Krzyżewska, Iwona, Joanna Kyzioł-Komosińska, Czesława Rosik-Dulewska, Justyna Czupioł, and Patrycja Antoszczyszyn-Szpicka. "Inorganic nanomaterials in the aquatic environment: behavior, toxicity, and interaction with environmental elements." Archives of Environmental Protection 42, no. 1 (2016): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2016-0011.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present characteristics, toxicity and environmental behavior of nanoparticles (NPs) (silver, copper, gold, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, iron oxide) that most frequently occur in consumer products. In addition, NPs are addressed as the new aquatic environmental pollutant of the 21stcentury. NPs are adsorbed onto particles in the aquatic systems (clay minerals, fulvic and humic acids), or they can adsorb environmental pollutants (heavy metal ions, organic compounds). Nanosilver (nAg) is released from consumer products into the aquatic environment. It can threaten aquatic organisms with high toxicity. Interestingly, copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) demonstrate higher toxicity to bacteria and aquatic microorganisms than those of nanosilver nAg. Their small size and reactivity can cause penetration into the tissues and interfere with the metabolic systems of living organisms and bacterial biogeochemical cycles. The behavior of NPs is not fully recognized. Nevertheless, it is known that NPs can agglomerate, bind with ions (chlorides, sulphates, phosphates) or organic compounds. They can also be bound or immobilized by slurry. The NPs behavior depends on process conditions, i.e. pH, ionic strength, temperature and presence of other chemical compounds. It is unknown how NPs behave in the aquatic environment. Therefore, the research on this problem should be carried out under different process conditions. As for the toxicity, it is important to understand where the differences in the research results come from. As NPs have an impact on not only aquatic organisms but also human health and life, it is necessary to recognize their toxic doses and know standards/regulations that determine the permissible concentrations of NPs in the environment.

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Asif Mammadov, Asif Mammadov, Gunel Pashazade, Afarida Gasymova, and Ulviya Sharifova. "Production of Iron, Titanium Dioxide Modofocations and Titanium." Chemistry and Chemical Technology 14, no. 2 (2020): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.02.227.

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Osarinmwian, C., I. M. Mellor, and E. P. L. Roberts. "Electro-deoxidation modelling of titanium dioxide to titanium." Electrochimica Acta 209 (August 2016): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.05.050.

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Xu, Ji-Chuan, Wei-Min Liu, and Hu-Lin Li. "Titanium dioxide doped polyaniline." Materials Science and Engineering: C 25, no. 4 (2005): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2004.11.003.

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Roman, Ioan, Roxana Doina Trusca, Maria-Laura Soare, et al. "Titanium dioxide nanotube films." Materials Science and Engineering: C 37 (April 2014): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.01.036.

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Nad, Suddhasattwa, Parvesh Sharma, Indrajit Roy, and Amarnath Maitra. "Anomalous nanostructured titanium dioxide." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 264, no. 1 (2003): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00459-4.

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Dahl, Michael, Yiding Liu, and Yadong Yin. "Composite Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials." Chemical Reviews 114, no. 19 (2014): 9853–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr400634p.

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Ponaryadov, Aleksei V., Olga B. Kotova, Mohammed Tihtih, and Shiyong Sun. "Natural titanium dioxide nanotubes." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 72, no. 5 (2020): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2020.25.

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Kinsinger, Nichola, Anthony Tantuccio, Minwei Sun, Yushan Yan, and David Kisailus. "Photocatalytic Titanium Dioxide Composite." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 11, no. 8 (2011): 7015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2011.4877.

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