Relevant bibliographies by topics / Titanium – Surfaces

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Academic literature on the topic 'Titanium – Surfaces'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Titanium – Surfaces"

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Tang, Peifu, Wei Zhang, Yan Wang, Boxun Zhang, Hao Wang, Changjian Lin, and Lihai Zhang. "Effect of Superhydrophobic Surface of Titanium onStaphylococcus aureusAdhesion." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/178921.

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Despite the systemic antibiotics prophylaxis, orthopedic implants still remain highly susceptible to bacterial adhesion and resulting in device-associated infection. Surface modification is an effective way to decrease bacterial adhesion. In this study, we prepared surfaces with different wettability on titanium surface based on TiO2nanotube to examine the effect of bacterial adhesion. Firstly, titanium plates were calcined to form hydrophilic TiO2nanotube films of anatase phase. Subsequently, the nanotube films and inoxidized titaniums were treated with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl-triethoxysilane (PTES), forming superhydrophobic and hydrophobic surfaces. Observed by SEM and contact angle measurements, the different surfaces have different characteristics.Staphylococcus aureus(SA) adhesion on different surfaces was evaluated. Our experiment results show that the superhydrophobic surface has contact angles of water greater than 150∘and also shows high resistance to bacterial contamination. It is indicated that superhydrophobic surface may be a factor to reduce device-associated infection and could be used in clinical practice.
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Dearnley, Peter A. "Engineering titanium surfaces." Surface Engineering 23, no. 6 (November 2007): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174329407x260555.

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Cao, Y., Li Ping Wang, Bo Zhang, Qiang Lin, Xu Dong Li, C. Y. Bao, Ji Yong Chen, L. Yang, and Xing Dong Zhang. "The Effect of Microporous Structure on Bone-Bonding Ability of Titanium." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.211.

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The three different structures of titanium oxide film were prepared: (1) The commercial pure titanium was treated with heating in air at 700°C for half hour and gotten a dense rutile film on titanium (HS Samples); (2) The commercial pure titanium was treated by chemically treating and gotten a layer of amorphous titania gel on the Ti surface (TS Samples); (3) After chemically treating, the samples were heated in air at 700 °C for half hour, and gotten nano-particles coalesced microporous titanium oxide (rutile) film on titanium surface (XS sample). The dense rutile and amorphous titania gel did not induce apatite formation on their surfaces in SBF solution for 48 hours, whereas the nano-particles coalesced microporous rutile structure induced apatite formation on their surfaces. Mechanical test and histological examination were investigated after the samples implanted in dogs limbs for 3 months. The results of push-out test are 12.96, 29.48 and 35.83 MPa respectively for HS, TS and XS sample. Histological results showed that TS sample and XS sample contacted the bone directly, without any intervening fibrous tissue, and there was a fibrous tissue layer between the bone and HS samples.
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Say, Wen C., Chin C. Yeh, and Chih-Hwa Chen. "SURFACE MORPHOLOGIES ON THE ADDITION OF TiO2 TO CALCIUM PHOSPHATE BIO-GLASS." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 19, no. 06 (December 2007): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237207000495.

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Titanium dioxide is added into calcium phosphate bio-glass (CPG) to have crystalline phases of titanium phosphoric ( TiP 2 O 7) and calcium phosphoric ( CaP 2 O 7) on its surfaces. The bio-glass synthesis with the addition of titanium dioxide herein is denoted as TCPG. To elucidate their surface morphologies, both specimens of CPG and TCPG were immersed in Hanks' solution for two days before soaking in the mixed solutions of ( NH 4)2 HPO 4 and Ca ( NO 3)2 at 70°. Crystalline layers of titanium phosphoric were observed on the surfaces of TCPG from immersing in Hanks' solution. After which calcium pyrophosphate appeared on the second step of soaking process from the calcium ion contained solutions. Due to the absence of crystalline phases on the surfaces of CPG specimen, it can be deduced that the addition of titania ( TiO 2) causes the hydroxyapatite formation on the surface of bio-glass.
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Lee, Yang-Jin, De-Zhe Cui, Ha-Ra Jeon, Hyun-Ju Chung, Yeong-Joon Park, Ok-Su Kim, and Young-Joon Kim. "Surface characteristics of thermally treated titanium surfaces." Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science 42, no. 3 (2012): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2012.42.3.81.

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Watazu, Akira, Kay Teraoka, Hirofumi Kido, Kenzo Morinaga, Kae Okamatsu, Yoshiyuki Nagashima, Masaro Matsuura, and Naobumi Saito. "Formation of Titanium Oxide/Titanium/Plastic Composites." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.487.

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Titanium oxide/ titanium/ plastic composite implants were formed by coating commercially pure titanium thin films on the surfaces of plastic cylinders by DC magnetron sputtering method. The composite is uniformly formed and the surface of the composite implant is smooth. The implants in rat tibias were not broken and the films on the surfaces of the samples did not decompose. The samples with bone were able to cut by diamond knife and observations between bone and titanium oxide on titanium by TEM succeeded. Therefore, the composite is useful for implants or observations the interactions between titanium oxide and bone in detail.
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Komasa, Satoshi, Tetsuji Kusumoto, Yoichiro Taguchi, Hiroshi Nishizaki, Tohru Sekino, Makoto Umeda, Joji Okazaki, and Takayoshi Kawazoe. "Effect of Nanosheet Surface Structure of Titanium Alloys on Cell Differentiation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/642527.

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Titanium alloys are the most frequently used dental implants partly because of the protective oxide coating that spontaneously forms on their surface. We fabricated titania nanosheet (TNS) structures on titanium surfaces by NaOH treatment to improve bone differentiation on titanium alloy implants. The cellular response to TNSs on Ti6Al4V alloy was investigated, and the ability of the modified surfaces to affect osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow cells and increase the success rate of titanium implants was evaluated. The nanoscale network structures formed by alkali etching markedly enhanced the functions of cell adhesion and osteogenesis-related gene expression of rat bone marrow cells. Other cell behaviors, such as proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin deposition, and mineralization, were also markedly increased in TNS-modified Ti6Al4V. Our results suggest that titanium implants modified with nanostructures promote osteogenic differentiation, which may improve the biointegration of these implants into the alveolar bone.
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Li, Yun Cang, Jian Yu Xiong, C. S. Wong, Peter D. Hodgson, and Cui E. Wen. "Bioactivating the Surfaces of Titanium by Sol-Gel Process." Materials Science Forum 614 (March 2009): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.614.67.

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In the present study, titanium (Ti) samples were surface-modified by titania (TiO2), silica (SiO2) and hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings using a sol-gel process. The bioactivity of the film-coated Ti samples was investigated by cell attachment and morphology study using human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. Results of the cell attachment indicated that the densities of cell attachment on the surfaces of Ti samples were significantly increased by film coatings; the density of cell attachment on HA film-coated surface was higher than those on TiO2 and SiO2 film-coated surfaces. Cell morphology study showed that the cells attached, spread and grew well on the three kinds of film-coated surfaces. It can be concluded that the three kinds of film coatings can bioactivate the surfaces of Ti samples effectively. Overall, Ti sample with HA film-coated surface exhibited the best bioactivity.
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Okubo, Takahisa, Takayuki Ikeda, Juri Saruta, Naoki Tsukimura, Makoto Hirota, and Takahiro Ogawa. "Compromised Epithelial Cell Attachment after Polishing Titanium Surface and Its Restoration by UV Treatment." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2020): 3946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13183946.

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Titanium-based implant abutments and tissue bars are polished during the finalization. We hypothesized that polishing degrades the bioactivity of titanium, and, if this is the case, photofunctionalization-grade UV treatment can alleviate the adverse effect. Three groups of titanium disks were prepared; machined surface, polished surface and polished surface followed by UV treatment (polished/UV surface). Polishing was performed by the sequential use of greenstone and silicon rubber burs. UV treatment was performed using a UV device for 12 min. Hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity was examined by the contact angle of ddH2O. The surface morphology and chemistry of titanium were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Human epithelium cells were seeded on titanium disks. The number of cells attached, the spreading behavior of cells and the retention on titanium surfaces were examined. The polished surfaces were smooth with only minor scratches, while the machined surfaces showed traces and metal flashes made by machine-turning. The polished surfaces showed a significantly increased percentage of surface carbon compared to machined surfaces. The carbon percentage on polished/UV surfaces was even lower than that on machined surfaces. A silicon element was detected on polished surfaces but not on polished/UV surfaces. Both machined and polished surfaces were hydrophobic, whereas polished/UV surfaces were hydrophilic. The number of attached cells after 24 h of incubation was 60% lower on polished surfaces than on machined surfaces. The number of attached cells on polished/UV surfaces was even higher than that on machined surfaces. The size and perimeter of cells, which was significantly reduced on polished surfaces, were fully restored on polished/UV surfaces. The number of cells remained adherent after mechanical detachment was reduced to half on polished surfaces compared to machined surfaces. The number of adherent cells on polished/UV surfaces was two times higher than on machined surfaces. In conclusion, polishing titanium causes chemical contamination, while smoothing its surface significantly compromised the attachment and retention of human epithelial cells. The UV treatment of polished titanium surfaces reversed these adverse effects and even outperformed the inherent bioactivity of the original titanium.
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Elias, Carlos Nelson. "Titanium dental implant surfaces." Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) 15, no. 2 (2010): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-70762010000200008.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Titanium – Surfaces"

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Lu, Xiong. "Engineering titanium surfaces for improving osteointegration /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202004%20LU.

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Pegueroles, Neyra Marta. "Interactions between titanium surfaces and biological components." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6066.

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El conocimiento de las interacciones entre célula/proteína/biomaterial es fundamental para la ingeniería de superficies debido a las numerosas aplicaciones biomédicas y biotecnológicas que se están desarrollando así como al éxito clínico que han alcanzado muchos implantes. La respuesta biológica final inducida por los implantes está fuertemente influenciada por las interacciones superficiales entre los componentes biológicos y el material sintético. Las propiedades físicas y químicas de la superficie de un biomaterial, en lugar de las propiedades en su masa, influyen directamente en la capa de proteínas que se adsorben sobre el biomaterial y, como consecuencia de ello, en la respuesta celular a la misma, tanto in vitro como in vivo.

El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es profundizar en el conocimiento de las interacciones material-biosistema, con el énfasis en el descubrimiento de relaciones entre las propiedades superficiales de las superficies de titanio y su respuesta biológica in vitro.

El titanio comercialmente puro (Ti c.p.) está siendo ampliamente utilizado con éxito durante muchos años como biomaterial para implantes en cirugía ósea. Su excelente biocompatibilidad se basa en sus adecuadas propiedades mecánicas y, con mayor importancia, en su excelente resistencia a la corrosión. Esta última se debe principalmente a la formación espontanea de una fina película de óxido de titanio que le confiere protección natural contra los ataques degradativos. La modificación de la topografía de la superficie del titanio ha sido objeto de investigación en el pasado con el fin de mejorar la osteointegración. El granallado de partículas es una de las tecnologías más utilizadas para conferir rugosidad a las superficies del titanio. La rugosidad óptima y el tipo de partículas abrasivas del granallado para una respuesta óptima in vitro e in vivo fue previamente determinada en nuestro laboratorio. Sin embargo, todavía están por determinar cuáles son las causas últimas que llevan al biomaterial a su exitosa respuesta biológica.

En este trabajo se han estudiado superficies pulidas y rugosas de Ti c.p. obtenidas mediante el granallado con partículas abrasivas de diferente composición química(Al2O3 y SiC) y diferentes tamaños (212-300μm; 425-600μm; 1000-1400μm). La completa caracterización de las propiedades física y química de la superficie, incluyendo la rugosidad, la composición química, la mojabilidad/energía libre y la carga eléctrica de las superficies ensayadas ha llevado a una serie de relevantes conclusiones. Entre ellas, cabe destacar que a) la composición química de las partículas de granallado, así como el método de esterilización fueron los principales factores que influyeron en la mojabilidad y la energía libre superficial de las superficies de titanio estudiadas, b) el método de esterilización cambió en la energía superficial el carácter de donante de electrones de las superficies mediante el cambio de la cantidad y la naturaleza de las sustancias adsorbidas, y c) la composición química de las partículas de granallado no influyó en la carga eléctrica a pH fisiológico ni en el punto isoeléctrico de las superficies.

Un segundo paso consistió en el uso de una microbalanza de cristal de cuarzo con monitorización de la energía de disipación, para el estudio de la cinética de adsorción (cantidad y conformación) y de los procesos de adsorción competitiva de tres proteínas de especial interés en los procesos de curación del hueso - la albúmina de suero bovino (BSA), el fibrinógeno (Fbg), y la fibronectina (Fn)- en sensores lisos recubiertos de TiO2. Se determinaron diferentes modelos de procesos de adsorción con una, dos o múltiples pasos distinguibles en función de las proteínas en solución. La capa adsorbida de BSA mostró los cambios más significativos en sus propiedades mecánicas, de conformación y de incorporación de agua hasta que se alcanzaron las condiciones estables de adsorción de proteínas. La BSA, la más pequeña de las proteínas ensayadas, desplazó la Fn y el Fbg cuando se ensayó en condiciones de la competencia por la adsorción, indicando su mayor afinidad por las superficies de TiO2. También se emplearon técnicas de marcaje fluorescente para el estudio de la adsorción proteica en superficies rugosas granalladas. En este estudio, por un parte, se pudo determinar que la cantidad de Fn y BSA adsorbidas en las superficies granalladas está directamente correlacionada con su energía superficial. Por otra parte, se visualizó la adsorción de fibronectina en solución sobre muestras granalladas rugosas de Ti. La Fn formó un patrón irregular de adsorción con una mayor cantidad de proteína adsorbida en los picos que en los valles de la topografía.

También se evaluó la organización espacial de la matriz extracelular de los osteoblastos, ECM, sobre superficies de Ti lisas y rugosas por medio de la visualización de las fibrillas de Fn teñidas con marcador fluorescente. Las células osteoblásticas depositaron las fibrillas de Fn con un determinado patrón organizado dentro de la matriz total secretada. Aparecen como una película que cubre la parte superior de las diferentes superficies rugosas de titanio. Un resultado relevante es que el espesor de esta capa aumentó con la rugosidad de la topografía subyacente. Sin embargo no más de la mitad de la máxima distancia pico-valle se cubrió con la proteína secretada y/o reorganizada.

Por último, teniendo en cuenta las diferencias en la organización de la ECM y la
adsorción de Fn en las superficies ensayadas de Ti, se realizó un estudio de qRT-PCR para determinar la influencia de las propiedades superficiales del titanio, con y sin preadsorción de Fn, en la respuesta osteoblástica. La expresión génica de la subunidad 5 de la integrina celular, como marcador de la adhesión celular, se incrementó en las superficies granalladas con SiC en comparación con las granalladas con alúmina. Este resultado fue correlacionado con la mayor cantidad de Fn adsorbida debido a la mayor energía superficial de las superficies granalladas con SiC. El aumento de la rugosidad, así como la presencia de partículas de alúmina en las superficies rugosas incrementó la actividad de ALP y la expresión génica de ALP mRNA por los osteoblastos, y por lo tanto su diferenciación.
The understanding of cell/protein/biomaterial interactions is critical to the engineering of substrates for numerous biomedical and biotechnological applications and to the clinical success of implants. The final biological response induced by implants is strongly influenced by the biological-components/synthetic-material surface interactions. It is well accepted that the physical and chemical surface properties of a biomaterial rather than its bulk properties will influence the protein adlayer and then the cell response to it, both in vitro and in vivo.

The aim of this PhD thesis is to gain an increased understanding of the materialbiosystem interactions, with an emphasis on establishing correlations between surface properties of titanium surfaces and its in vitro biological response.

Commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) is being widely and successfully used implant biomaterial in bone surgery over many years. Its excellent biocompatibility is based in its appropriate mechanical properties and, more importantly, in its excellent corrosion resistance, which is mainly due to the presence of a naturally-occurring thin protective titanium oxide film. Modification of titanium surface topography has been a subject of research in the past with the purpose of improving its osseointegration. Grit blasting is one of the most used technologies to roughen titanium surfaces for this purpose. The optimal roughness and type of abrasive blasting-particles for a better in vitro and in vivo response was previously determined in our lab. However, which and how different relevant surface properties of the blasted titanium surfaces induce that optimal biological behavior is still poorly understood.

Smooth/polished and rough c.p. Ti surfaces obtained by blasting with abrasive
particles of different chemical composition (Al2O3 and SiC) and different sizes (212-300μm; 425-600μm; 1000-1400μm) were studied. The comprehensive characterization of physical and chemical surface properties, including roughness, chemical composition, wettability/free energy and electrical charge of the tested surfaces led to a series of relevant conclusions. Among them, it is worth noting that a) the chemical composition of the grit-blasting particles as well as the method of sterilization were found the main factors influencing wettability and surface free energy of the titanium surfaces; b) the sterilization method changed the electron donor character of the surfaces by changing the amount/nature of physisorbed substances on the surfaces, and c) the chemical composition of the blasting particles did not influence on the electrical charge at physiological pH and the isoelectric point of the surfaces.

A second step consisted in the use of a quartz crystal microbalance with monitoring of the energy dissipation to study the adsorption kinetics (amount and conformation) and adsorption competition processes of three proteins of special interest in the healing processes of bone -bovine serum albumin (BSA), fibrinogen (Fbg), and fibronectin (Fn)-on smooth TiO2-coated sensors. Different patterns of adsorption with processes in one, two or multiple distinguishable steps were determined depending of the protein in solution. The BSA adlayers showed the most significant changes in their mechanical properties/conformation/incorporation of water until steady protein-adsorption conditions were reached. BSA, the smallest of the tested proteins, displaced Fn and Fbg when in competition for adsorption, which is an indication of its higher affinity for TiO2 surfaces. Fluorescent labelling techniques where used to study protein adsorption on blasted rough surfaces. Most significantly, the amount of Fn and BSA adsorbed on blasted surfaces was positively correlated with their surface energy. The adsorption of fibronectin from solution on shot-blasted rough titanium surfaces resulted in an irregular pattern of adsorption with a higher amount of protein adsorbed on peaks than on valleys of the topography.

Further, the spatial organization of the osteoblast extracellular matrix, ECM, on smooth and rough Ti surfaces was evaluated by visualizing fluorescently-stained Fn-fibrils. Osteoblast-like cells deposited Fn- fibrils in a specific facet-like pattern that was organized within the secreted total matrix. It appeared as a film overlying the top of the different rough titanium surfaces. Interestingly, the thickness of this layer increased with the roughness of the underlying topography, but no more than half of the total maximum peak-to-alley distance was covered.

Finally, taking into consideration the differences in ECM organization and Fn adsorption on the tested Ti surfaces a qRT-PCR study was carried out to elucidate the influence of titanium surface properties with and without Fn-precoatings on the osteoblast response. The expression of 5 integrin subunit gene, as a marker for cell adhesion, was increased in SiC-blasted surfaces compared to alumina-blasted surfaces. This was related to the higher amount of adhesive-protein Fn adsorbed caused by the higher surface energy of SiC-blasted surfaces. The increase of roughness as well as the presence of alumina particles on blasted surfaces increased ALP activity and ALP mRNA gene expression by osteoblasts, and so their differentiation.

This research work contribute to increase our knowledge on the interactions taking place at the bio/non-bio interface between different biological components -water, proteins, cells- and materials of clinical relevance, such as rough titanium. The
intertwined effects of the different properties of the synthetic surfaces appear as a challenge to unravel the ultimate causes that determine the fate of cells on synthetic biomaterials.
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Lu, Shanshan. "Immobilization of antimicrobial peptides onto titanium surfaces." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12622.

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Prosthetic-associated infections are one of the most challenging postoperative complications for orthopedic implants. The consequences that infections may lead to include patient pain, high cost, prolonged hospitalization time, and usually the revision of the implant. Current prophylaxis and therapy utilizing antibiotics are facing an emergency of increasing bacterial resistance; the design of a novel anti-infectious implant surface is therefore required. Among the potential antimicrobial alternatives are the antimicrobial peptides (AMP). AMPs are a family of natural defense peptides that has not received enough recognition until recently. The complex killing mechanisms of these cationic peptides make them very unlikely to encounter resistant mutants, and their broad-spectrum activity offers them great opportunity in possible clinical applications. In this study, a novel short AMP Tet213 with prominent bactericidal activity was chosen as the antimicrobial candidate and was covalently attached to titanium surfaces through a short bifunctional linker. This designed routine was confirmed with single cysteine before being applied to the 9-mer AMP candidate. The surface density of the immobilized AMP was determined by detecting its arginine residues after a reaction with 9,10-phenanthrequenon (PHQ). The reaction between arginine and PHQ generates a fluorescent product, by the emission of which the quantity of the arginine-containing peptide can be calculated. The density of the surface-attached Tet213 was measured to be 1.30±0.55 μg/cm². A relatively large proportion of physically adsorbed Tet213 was also observed, with the net adsorbed quantity to be 0.74±0.20 μg/cm². The affinity of the cationic AMP to the bare titanium surface is believed to be a result of electrostatic interactions. Both the covalently immobilized and the physically adsorbed Tet213 showed bactericidal activities of generally > 50% against a Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strain which constitutively expresses luminescence when alive. The inhibition rate was calculated by the luminescence reduction and confirmed by the colony counts of the surviving bacteria. Several parameters were found to be influential to the overall inhibition rate, including the selection of the AMP candidate, the dilution of the bacterial culture and the bacterial incubation time.
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Bartlett, Lynne. "Variability in coloured titanium surfaces for jewellery." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2009. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/5451/.

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Sheeran, Conor P. "Biological responses to nanostructured titanium dioxide surfaces." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526963.

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Mihoc, R. I. "Functional studies of calcium enriched titanium surfaces." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444841/.

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There exists a clinical requirement for dental implants which will enhance the speed of achievement of osseointegration, its maintenance, and biological and physical properties. Whilst commercially pure titanium remains the material of choice for implant fabrication, a promising approach to enhancing its performance is the surface incorporation of metallic ions, or alkali modification of titanium. Osteoblast behaviour adjacent to the implant is a key factor in osseointegration and it is known that the response of these cells can be modified by the surface implantation of Ca ions. This process may modify cellular behaviour via a number of physicochemical parameters, three of which were examined in this study using commercially pure titanium, into which Ca ions had been implanted: -topography, calcium ion release, and molecular adsorption. Surface topography can mediate cellular responses and may be modified by ion implantation. Laser profilometry and white light interferometry were used to measure the roughness of cp Ti surfaces implanted with either biologically active Ca or chemically inert Ar, together with the effects of nitric acid treatment, which is routinely used in implant manufacture. Ca-ion implantation may also influence cellular responses via accelerated precipitation of calcium phosphate, providing a surface with a chemical composition more similar to that of bone. This may be at least partially due to ion release from the implanted surface. Ion release into water was therefore investigated using ion chromatography and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption of organic molecules (e.g. proteins and peptides) is also important in mediating cellular responses. The effects of Ca-implantation on these processes were investigated using XPS to study the surface adsorption of small model biomolecules (amino acids) from an aqueous solution. Ion implantation had little effect on surface topography, however, the implanted Ca ions were readily released into an aqueous solution and the surfaces became more receptive to the absorption of certain amino acids. It is concluded that Ca ion implantation is a potentially valuable technique for the surface enhancement of titanium dental implants.
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Plaisance, Marc Charles. "Cellular Response to Surface Wettability Gradient on Microtextured Surfaces." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53730.

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Objective: Topography, chemistry, and energy of titanium (Ti) implants alter cell response through variations in protein adsorption, integrin expression, and downstream cell signaling. However, the contribution of surface energy on cell response is difficult to isolate because altered hydrophilicity can result from changes in surface chemistry or microstructure. Our aim was to examine a unique system of wettability gradients created on microstructured Ti on osteoblast maturation and phenotype. Method: A surface energy gradient was created on sand-blasted/acid-etched (SLA) Ti surfaces. Surfaces were treated with oxygen plasma for 2 minutes, and then allowed to age for 1, 12, 80, or 116 hours to generate a wettability gradient. Surfaces were characterized by contact angle and SEM. MG63 cells were cultured on SLA or experimental SLA surfaces to confluence on TCPS. Osteoblast differentiation (IBSP, RUNX2, ALP, OCN, OPG) and integrin subunits (ITG2, ITGA5, ITGAV, ITGB1) measured by real-time PCR (n=6 surfaces per variable analyzed by ANOVA/Bonferroni’s modified Student’s t-test). Result: After plasma treatment, SLA surface topography was retained. A gradient of wettability was obtained, with contact angles of 32.0° (SLA116), 23.3° (SLA80), 12.5° (SLA12), 7.9° (SLA1). All surfaces were significantly more hydrophilic than the original SLA surface (126.8°). Integrin expression was affected by wettability. ITGA2 was higher on wettable surfaces than on SLA, but was highest on SLA1. ITGAV and ITGB1 were decreased on hydrophilic surfaces, but ITGA5 was not affected. IBSP, RUNX2, and ALP increased and OPG decreased with increasing wettability. OCN decreased with increasing wettability, but levels on the most wettable surface were similar to SLA. Conclusion: Here we elucidated the role of surface energy on cell response using surfaces with the same topography and chemistry. The results show that osteoblastic maturation was regulated in a wettability-dependent manner and suggest that the effects are mediated by integrins.
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Harte, Sean Paul. "Surface EXAFS studies of chromium and titanium upon #alpha#-quartz (0001) surfaces." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263901.

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In this thesis two studies of reactive metal adsorption upon a low index single crystal silicon dioxide surface are presented in addition to a study of sulphur adsorption upon a low index single crystal nickel surface. Chromium growth upon the a-quartz Si02(0001) (J84xJ84) Rll 0 surface is studied at three coverages, 0.25±O.08 ML, 0.5±O.16 ML and 1.0±0.33 ML, using surface extended x-ray absorption fine structure (SEXAFS). SEXAFS measurements, from the chromium K-edge, recorded at both grazing and normal incidence show that chromium growth proceeds via the formation of mesoscopic particles with a body centred cubic (b.c.c.) like structure having an average nearest neighbour Cr-Cr distance of 2.36±O.03 A. This represents a contraction of 5.6 % from the bulk b.c.c. lattice spacing of 2.49 A. There is no evidence of a surface reaction between chromium and the surface oxygen. SEXAFS was used to study titanium reactional growth on a-quartz (0001) (J84xJ84) Rll 0 and (lx1). Three nominal coverages were studied, 0.25±O.08 ML, 0.5±O.16 ML and 1.0±O.33 ML. Both normal and grazing incidence SEXAFS data were recorded and show the formation of a spatially extensive region in which an interfacial reaction has occurred between surface oxygen and adsorbate titanium atoms. Coupled with this is the formation of subnanometre titanium clusters. The metal oxide has nearest neighbour Ti-O distances close to those of both the anatase and rutile forms of titania with the metallic titanium clusters having a Ti-Ti distance within experimental error that of bulk hexagonal close packed (h.c.p.) titanium, 2.89 A. A re-examination of the surface geometry of Ni(1l0)c(2x2)S using SEXAFS has been performed. Data out to an electron wavevector of 9 A-I are analysed with a new code to assess the influence of multiple scattering. The first shell S-Ni distance is determined to be 2.20±O.02 A with the next nearest neighbour distance being 2.29±O.02 A, giving a top-layer Ni expansion of 14±3% relative to the bulk. The influence of multiple scattering does not significantly alter these values from earlier studies.
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Park, Jung Hwa. "The role of surface chemistry and wettability of microtextured titanium surfaces in osteoblast differentiation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44732.

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Biomaterial surface energy, chemical composition, charge, wettability and roughness all play an important role in determining the degree of the direct bone-to-implant interface, termed osseointegration. Surface chemistry, which is influenced by surface energy, wettability, and composition, is another factor that determines osteoblast phenotype and regulates osteoblast maturation. Increased surface energy is desirable for bone implants due to enhanced interaction between the implant surface and the biological environment. The extent of bone formation in vivo is also increased with increasing water wettability of implants. The physiological role of implant surface chemistry is important in determining the success of implant osseointegration because of molecular rearrangements, surface reactions, contamination, and release of toxic or biologically active ions that are determined by the starting chemistry. However, the role of surface chemistry on osteoblast response is not fully studied. Therefore, the overall goal of this dissertation is to understand how the surface chemistry, including wettability, chemical composition, and charge density, of titanium biomaterials impacts osteoblast maturation (in vitro). This study focuses on the general hypothesis that modifications of surface chemistry of titanium surfaces with sterilization or polyelectrolyte coating on titanium surfaces regulate osteoblast response.
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Zhu, Bo, and lswan@deakin edu au. "Tribology of lubricated nitrocarburised and titanium carbonitride surfaces." Deakin University. School of Engineering and Technology, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061024.112959.

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In the current work, two different coatings, nitrocarburised (CN) and titanium carbonitride (TiCN) on M2 grade high speed tool steel, were prepared by commercial diffusion and physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques, respectively. Properties of the coating were characterised using a variety of techniques such as Glow-Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GD-OES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Three non-commercial, oil-based lubricants with simplified formulations were used for this study. A tribological test was developed in which two nominally geometrically-identical crossed cylinders slide over each other under selected test conditions. This test was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a pre-applied lubricant film and a surface coating for various conditions of sliding wear. Engineered surface coatings can significantly improve wear resistance of the tool surface but their sliding wear performances strongly depend on the type of coating and lubricant combination used. These coating-lubricant interactions can also have a very strong effect on the useful life of the lubricant in a tribological system. Better performance of lubricants during the sliding wear testing was achieved hen used with the nitrocarburised (CN) coating. To understand the nature of the interactions and their possible effects on the coating-lubricant system, several surface analysis techniques were used. The molecular level investigation of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that oxidative degradation occurred in all used oil-based lubricants during the sliding wear test but the degradation behaviour of oil-based lubricants varied with the coating-lubricant system and the wear conditions. The main differences in the carbonyl oxidation region of the FTIR spectra (1900-1600 cm-1) between different coating-lubricant systems may relate to the effective lifetime of the lubricant during the sliding wear test. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling shows that the CN coating has the highest lubricant absorbability among the tested tool surfaces. Diffusion of chlorine (C1), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) into the surface of subsurface of the tool suggested that strong interactions occurred between lubricant and tool surface during the sliding wear test. The possible effects of the interactions on the performance of whole tribological system are also discussed. The study of Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) indicated that the envelope of hydrocarbons (CmHn) of oil lubricant in the positive TOF-SIMS spectra shifted to lower mass fragment after the sliding wear testing due to the breakage of long-chain hydrocarbons to short-chain ones during the degradation of lubricant. The shift of the mass fragment range of the hydrocarbon (CmHn) envelope caries with the type of both tool surface and lubricant, again confirming that variation in the performance of the tool-lubricant system relates to the changes in surface chemistry due to tribochemical interactions at the tool-lubricant interface under sliding wear conditions. The sliding wear conditions resulted in changes not only in topography of the tool surface due to mechanical interactions, as outlined in Chapter 5, but also in surface chemistry due to tribochemical interactions, as discussed in Chapters 6 and 7.
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Books on the topic "Titanium – Surfaces"

1

Symposium, on Surface Performance of Titanium (1996 Cincinnati Ohio). Surface performance of titanium: Proceedings of a Symposium on Surface Performance of Titanium sponsored by the Titanium Committee of TMS, held at the 1996 Fall TMS Meeting in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 7-9, 1996. Warrendale, Pa: Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1996.

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Surface engineering of light alloys: Aluminium, magnesium and titanium alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2010.

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Musil, Jindřich. Tenké vrstvy nitridu titanu. Praha: Academia, 1989.

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Vadiraj, Aravind. Surface modified biochemical titanium alloys. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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5

Vadiraj, Aravind. Surface modified biochemical titanium alloys. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Vadiraj, Aravind. Surface modified biochemical titanium alloys. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Lanagan, John. Plasma surface engineering of titanium alloys. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1988.

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Rezai-Tabrizi, M. R. Surface treatments of titanium and its alloys. Manchester: UMIST, 1989.

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(Ramaswamy), Narayanan R., and Rautray Tapash R, eds. Surface modification of titanium for biomaterial applications. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Salehi, Mehdi. Tribological characterisation of surface engineered titanium alloys. Birmingham: University ofBirmingham, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Titanium – Surfaces"

1

Young, F. A., and J. C. Keller. "Titanium Implant Surfaces." In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Interfaces in Medicine and Mechanics, 143–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7477-0_14.

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Vörös, Janos, Marco Wieland, Laurence Ruiz-Taylor, Marcus Textor, and Donald M. Brunette. "Characterization of Titanium Surfaces." In Engineering Materials, 87–144. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56486-4_5.

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Xiao, Shou-Jun, Gregory Kenausis, and Marcus Textor. "Biochemical Modification of Titanium Surfaces." In Engineering Materials, 417–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56486-4_13.

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Schmidt, M. "Chemical Reactions at Titanium Surfaces." In The Thrust Plate Hip Prosthesis, 133–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60502-4_12.

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Morra, Marco, Clara Cassinelli, Giovanna Cascardo, and Daniele Bollati. "Collagen I-Coated Titanium Surfaces for Bone Implantation." In Biological Interactions on Materials Surfaces, 373–96. New York, NY: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-98161-1_19.

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Shkrebtii, A., F. Filippone, and A. Fasolino. "Clean surfaces of titanium dioxide TiO2 and other rutile structures." In Physics of Solid Surfaces, 111–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53908-8_21.

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7

Bickley, R. I., R. K. M. Jayanty, V. Vishwanathan, and J. A. Navio. "Photo-Induced Processes at Titanium Dioxide Surfaces." In Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis, 555–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4642-2_32.

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Wang, Jiangxue, Ying Hou, and Jiawei Ma. "Titanium surfaces, biochemical modification by peptides and ECM proteins." In Encyclopedia of Metalloproteins, 2248. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1533-6_200001.

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9

Buser, Daniel. "Titanium for Dental Applications (II): Implants with Roughened Surfaces." In Engineering Materials, 875–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56486-4_25.

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An, Yuehuei H., Melissa Farino, Qian K. Kang, Marina V. Demcheva, and John Vournakis. "Glucosamine Coating for Inhibiting Bacterial Adhesion to Titanium Surfaces." In Advanced Biomaterials VI, 343–46. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-967-9.343.

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Conference papers on the topic "Titanium – Surfaces"

1

D'Anna, Emilia, M. L. De Giorgi, Armando Luches, Maurizio Martino, Valentin Craciun, Ion N. Mihailescu, and Paolo Mengucci. "Titanium nitride: titanium silicide structures obtained by multipulse excimer laser irradiation." In LAMILADIS '91: International Workshop--Laser Microtechnology and Laser Diagnostics of Surfaces, edited by Nikolai I. Koroteev and Vladislav Y. Panchenko. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.58628.

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Hoover, Brian G., Jonathan H. Turner, Brian J. Ritter, Joseph R. Michael, and Michael D. Uchic. "Polarized reflectivity for quantitative crystallography of alpha-Titanium." In Reflection, Scattering, and Diffraction from Surfaces VI, edited by Leonard M. Hanssen. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2321601.

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Teraoka, K., T. Nonami, Y. Doi, H. Taoda, K. Naganuma, Y. Yokogawa, and T. Kameyama. "HYDROXYAPATITE IMPLANTATION IN TITANIUM IMPLANT’S SURFACES." In Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814291064_0141.

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Henning Laurindo, Carlos augusto, fred lacerda amorim, Paulo Soares, and Bruna Michelle de Freitas. "Tribological studies of EDM modified titanium surfaces." In 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-2467.

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Truong, Vi Khanh, James Y. Wang, Wang Shurui, Francois Malherbe, Christopher C. Berndt, Russell J. Crawford, and Elena P. Ivanova. "Bacterial attachment response to nanostructured titanium surfaces." In 2010 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconn.2010.6045205.

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Mwenifumbo, Steven, Mingwei Li, and Wole Soboyejo. "Cell/surface interactions on laser-micro-textured titanium-coated silicon surfaces." In Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering, edited by Peter R. Herman, Jim Fieret, Alberto Pique, Tatsuo Okada, Friedrich G. Bachmann, Willem Hoving, Kunihiko Washio, et al. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.531643.

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Sartini de Oliveira, Lidiane, Cleudmar Amaral de Araújo, Fernando Lourenço de Souza, Gustavo Mendonça, Daniela B. S. Mendonça, and Sonia A. Goulart Oliveira. "Influence of Surface Energy in the Osteogenesis Process of Treated Titanium Surfaces." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52476.

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In the 1960’s, Brånemark and colleagues developed a dental implant system using a direct attachment to bone structure without generating soft tissue. This phenomenon called osseointegration involves biomechanical behavior of materials. In several studies it has been verified that the surface treatment on titanium implant has been the main factor for the osteogenesis process and, consequently, osseointegration [1, 2, 3]. Treated titanium surfaces have better conditions for cell adhesion that can lead to load application in the shortest time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface energy and the cell osteogenesis on titanium discs under different conditions of blasting and acid attack. Osteoblastic cells Hfob 1.19 were used to measure cell culture parameters like cell viability and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation. Osteogenesis cell was defined through a mathematical model proposed by a similitude in engineering with osteogenic parameters analyzed in culture cells. Fowkes Theory was used to calculate the surface energy by measuring contact angles between liquid sensors (Deionized Water, Chloroform) on different titanium surfaces. Significant difference (P < 0,01) was observed for surface energies ranging between 26,76 a 33,81 mJ/m^2 using ANOVA and Bonferroni test. It was noted that the highest surface energies are related with osteogenesis levels.
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Samusev, Ilia, Anna V. Tcibulnikova, Vasily A. Slezhkin, Karina Matveeva, Maxim V. Demin, Artemiy Khankaev, Ivan Lyatun, and Valery V. Bryukhanov. "Transformation of refractive index spectra for titanium rough surfaces." In Metamaterials XII, edited by Kevin F. MacDonald, Anatoly V. Zayats, and Isabelle Staude. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2556727.

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Millot, Marie-Claude, Francoise Martin, Juliette Omont, Bernard Sebille, and Yves Levy. "Immobilization of antibodies onto gold and titanium oxide surfaces." In European Symposium on Optics for Environmental and Public Safety, edited by Annamaria V. Scheggi. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.221728.

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Satsangi, Neera, Arpan Satsangi, Joo L. Ong, and Rajiv V. Satsangi. "Optimization of Phosphatidylserine-Modified Titanium Surfaces for Enhanced Osteoblast Response." In ASME 2006 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2006-21053.

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This report is part of a continued effort to evaluate the in vitro osteoblast responses on different phospholipid coatings on Titanium (Ti) implant materials. It has been established that, among analogous phopholipids, the Ti surfaces coated with calcium phosphate (CaP) complex of phosphatidylserine induce the best calcium deposition and osteoblast growth and metabolism. This communication describes an effort to optimize the chemical structure of phosphatidylserine at its position−1 and −2, as Ti surface coating relative to enhancement in osteoblast differentiation and growth in culture. Four synthetic phosphatidylserine analogs with varying fatty acyl chain length and unsaturation were converted to CaP complex, coated on Ti discs, and the osteoblast progenitor cells were cultured on them for up to 14 days to study their differentiation, growth and biochemistry as marked by the expression of alkaline phosphatase specific activity and protein production. In a separate experiment, the topography of the glass surface (glass Petri-dishes) coated the analogous phosphatidylserines, after immersion in simulated body fluid, was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of calcium and phosphate ions in this deposit was also confirmed. The inclusion of unsaturation in fatty acyl chain in phosphatidylserine enhanced the Total protein production (TPP) as well as the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) specific activity.
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Reports on the topic "Titanium – Surfaces"

1

Mizuno, Yoshiyuki. Temperature Dependence of Oxide Decomposition on Titanium Surfaces in UHV. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/798917.

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2

Jervis, T. R., T. G. Zocco, J. R. Tesmer, and J. P. Hirvonen. Tribology and surface mechanical properties of excimer laser nitrided titanium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10194306.

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3

Brown, J. R., and L. E. Galbraith. Characterization of titanium supported precious metal films by direct surface spectroscopy methods. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304454.

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4

Bedrossian, P. J. Surface topographies of two-year coupons of titanium grade 16 from long-term testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15005559.

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5

Blau, Peter J., Kevin M. Cooley, Melanie J. Kirkham, and Dinesh G. Bansal. Investigation of Surface Treatments to Improve the Friction and Wear of Titanium Alloys for Diesel Engine Components. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1148409.

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6

Man, Chi-Sing, and Tongguang Zhai. Residual Stress, Micro- and Macrotexture in Surface-Enhanced Titanium Alloys: Their Nondestructive Inspection and Effects on High-Cycle Fatigue Properties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada448675.

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