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1

FERNANDEZ-MAESTRE, Roberto. "THE IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING TITRATION CURVES IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 34 (March 20, 2020): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n34.2020.230_p34_pgs_213_219.pdf.

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Titration curves are an essential subject of an Analytical Chemistry course. The main objective of calculating titration curves is the selection of an indicator for such titrations. The calculation of titration errors is imperative because they establish if a given indicator can be used for a given titration. This study reviews the available literature on titration curves and calculating their errors. Its purpose is to draw attention to the importance of undergraduate chemistry students having competencies to determine the titration errors rather than skills to build titration curves as the ultimate purpose of these curves is to determine the failure committed when using a given indicator to assess their endpoints. It is shown that the pH and potential calculation at the equivalence point in acid-base and redox titrations, respectively, are not required to choose the titration indicator, one that yields an acceptable error according to the type of application needed. Methods to calculate these errors in the four main types of titrations are presented; those for complexometric and precipitation titrations are simpler than in the literature. Here, it is also demonstrated that calculating points immediately after and before the curve inflection are more critical for this selection in these two types of titrations. Also, it is deducted that complexometric and precipitation curves are not required to select indicators for these titrations. These demonstrations are essential because analytical chemistry teachers may disregard teaching important topics by spending time calculating unnecessary titration curves (complexometric and precipitation titrations) or additional points of titration curves (redox and acid-base titrations) when the calculation of titration errors of these reactions is more critical. Most analytical chemistry textbooks neglect this topic. Undergraduate chemistry programs should focus more on calculating titration errors than on the construction of titration curves.
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2

Meija, Juris, Anna Maria Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, and Tadeusz Michałowski. "Redox titration challenge." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 409, no. 1 (December 31, 2016): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-0020-0.

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3

Michałowski, Tadeusz, Anna Maria Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, and Juris Meija. "Solution to redox titration challenge." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 409, no. 17 (June 13, 2017): 4113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0308-8.

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4

Ullmann, G. Matthias, and Elisa Bombarda. "pKa values and redox potentials of proteins. What do they mean?" Biological Chemistry 394, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2012-0329.

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Abstract In this article, we review a microstate model that uses protonation and redox microstates in order to understand the complex pH and redox titration of proteins and other polyelectrolytes. From this model, it becomes obvious that it is impossible to assign pKa values or redox potentials to individual protonatable or redox-active sites in a protein in which many of such sites interact. Instead each site is associated with many microscopic equilibrium constants that may lead to irregular or even non-monotonic titration curves of some groups. The microstate model provides a closed theoretical framework to discuss such phenomena.
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5

Huang, Tzu-Yang, Matthew J. Crafton, Yuan Yue, Wei Tong, and Bryan D. McCloskey. "Deconvolution of intermixed redox processes in Ni-based cation-disordered Li-excess cathodes." Energy & Environmental Science 14, no. 3 (2021): 1553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee03526b.

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6

Michalowski, Tadeusz, and Andrzej Lesiak. "Acid-Base Titration Curves in Disproportionating Redox Systems." Journal of Chemical Education 71, no. 8 (August 1994): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed071p632.

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7

MOSS, DAVID A., and DEREK S. BENDALL. "Redox titration of the slow ΔA518 in chloroplasts." Biochemical Society Transactions 14, no. 1 (February 1, 1986): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0140057a.

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8

Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, Anna M., Maciej Rymanowski, Agustin G. Asuero, Marcin Toporek, and Tadeusz Michałowski. "Formulation of Titration Curves for Some Redox Systems." American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 05, no. 13 (2014): 861–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2014.513095.

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9

de Levie, Robert. "A simple expression for the redox titration curve." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 323, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(92)80022-v.

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10

Xiaobo, Sun, and Wang Jinping. "Application of Origin Software to Redox Titration Curve Plotting." University Chemistry 30, no. 4 (2015): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx20150478.

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11

Bakken, E. "Redox energetics of SrFeO3−δ — a coulometric titration study." Solid State Ionics 167, no. 3-4 (February 27, 2004): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2004.01.014.

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12

Copper, Christine L., and Edward Koubek. "Analysis of an Oxygen Bleach: A Redox Titration Lab." Journal of Chemical Education 78, no. 5 (May 2001): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed078p652.

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13

Kaufman, Samuel, and Howard Devoe. "Iron analysis by redox titration: A general chemistry experiment." Journal of Chemical Education 65, no. 2 (February 1988): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed065p183.

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14

Suzuki, J., H. Yoshioka, and T. Tabei. "Radiometric redox titration of antimony(III) with potassium iodate." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 154, no. 6 (August 1991): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02169771.

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15

Kropotov, V. A. "Approximation of potentiometric titration curves by logarithmic functions: Factors affecting the accuracy of redox titration." Journal of Analytical Chemistry 55, no. 2 (February 2000): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02757743.

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16

Martínez-Anaya, Oliver, Jesús García-Valdés, Pablo de la Mora, and Gustavo Tavizón. "Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Oxygen-deficient Bilayer Ruthenate Sr3Ru2O7–δ." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 5 (2014): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13619.

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The structural properties of oxygen-deficient Ruddlesden–Popper-type Sr3Ru2O7–δ compounds are presented. Sr3Ru2O7–δ compounds (δ = 0.17, 0.23, 0.28, 0.40, and 0.47) were obtained by hydrogen reduction of the parent Sr3Ru2O7 ruthenate. Rietveld structure refinements were performed to determine the crystal structure of the reduced compounds. Oxygen deficiency in the samples was studied by redox titrations and the Ru3+ content was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance. Magnetisation measurements were performed to study the magnetic response of the reduced phases. Removal of the oxygen atoms from the parent compound resulted in the decrease of the c-lattice parameter and increase of the a-lattice parameter that is related to partial reduction of Ru4+, in Sr3Ru2O7, to Ru3+. Rietveld analyses showed that the apical oxygen atoms of the RuO6 octahedra were partially lost during reduction. Redox titration experiments showed a linear correlation between reduction of the compounds and the annealing time under H2.
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17

Leitch, F. A., K. R. Brown, and G. W. Pettigrew. "Complexity in the redox titration of the dihaem cytochrome c4." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 808, no. 2 (July 1985): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(85)90001-5.

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18

Yakshin, V. V., and M. N. Krokhin. "Determination of small amounts of uranium by redox potentiometric titration." Radiochemistry 53, no. 3 (June 2011): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1066362211030179.

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19

Silverstein, Todd, Lüling Cheng, and John F. Allen. "Redox titration of multiple protein phosphorylations in pea chloroplast thylakoids." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1183, no. 1 (November 1993): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(93)90022-8.

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20

Said, Khairul Anwar Mohamad, Zainab Radzi, Ibrahim Yakub, and Mohamed Afizal Mohamed Amin. "EXTRACTION AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ASCORBIC ACID FROM BANANA PEEL MUSA ACUMINATA ‘KEPOK’." IIUM Engineering Journal 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2016): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v17i1.576.

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This paper discusses the extraction of an antioxidant compound, which is ascorbic acid or vitamin C, from a banana peel using an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method. The type of banana used was Musa acuminata also known as “PisangKepok” in Malaysia. The investigation includes the effect of solvent/solid ratio (4.5, 5 g and 10  ml/g), sonication time (15, 30 and 45 mins) and temperature variation (30 , 45 and 60oC ) on the extraction of ascorbic acid compounds from the banana peel to determine the best or optimum condition of the operation. Out of all extract samples analyzed by redox titration method using iodine solution, it was found that the highest yield was 0.04939 ± 0.00080 mg that resulted from an extraction at 30oC for 15 mins with 5 ml/g solvent-to-solute ratio.KEYWORDS: Musa acuminata; ultrasound-assisted extraction; vitamin C; redox titration
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21

Karpova, S. Р., and N. Ye Blazheyevskiy. "Comparison of Three Independent Methods of Ampicillin Detection Using Hydrogen Peroxymonosulfate." Antibiotics and Chemotherapy 66, no. 1-2 (May 6, 2021): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-1-2-4-11.

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Three unified procedures have been developed. The possibility of quantitative determination using the methods of kinetiс spectrophotometry, voltammetry, and redox titration of ampicillin (Amp) as a pure substance and in a drug using potassium hydrogen peroxomonosulfate (KHSO5) as an analytical reagent has been shown.
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22

Kardash-Strochkova, E., Ya I. Tur'yan, and I. Kuselman. "Redox-potentiometric determination of peroxide value in edible oils without titration." Talanta 54, no. 2 (April 12, 2001): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(00)00649-4.

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23

Myers, Nicholas M., Mercy W. Maina, Phelix Makoto Were, Rakhi Karwa, Sonak D. Pastakia, Jalen C. Sharp, Jamie L. Luther, et al. "Lab on paper: assay of beta-lactam pharmaceuticals by redox titration." Analytical Methods 11, no. 37 (2019): 4741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01547g.

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24

Haensch, Mareike, Julian Behnken, Luis Balboa, Alexander Dyck, and Gunther Wittstock. "Redox titration of gold and platinum surface oxides at porous microelectrodes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 34 (2017): 22915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp04589a.

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25

Moss, D. A., M. Leonhard, M. Bauscher, and W. Mäntele. "Electrochemical redox titration of cofactors in the reaction center fromRhodobacter sphaeroides." FEBS Letters 283, no. 1 (May 20, 1991): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(91)80547-g.

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26

Waniek, Sven D., Jan Klett, Christoph Förster, and Katja Heinze. "Polysubstituted ferrocenes as tunable redox mediators." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (May 7, 2018): 1004–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.86.

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A series of four ferrocenyl ester compounds, 1-methoxycarbonyl- (1), 1,1’-bis(methoxycarbonyl)- (2), 1,1’,3-tris(methoxycarbonyl)- (3) and 1,1’,3,3’-tetrakis(methoxycarbonyl)ferrocene (4), has been studied with respect to their potential use as redox mediators. The impact of the number and position of ester groups present in 1–4 on the electrochemical potential E 1/2 is correlated with the sum of Hammett constants. The 1/1 + –4/4 + redox couples are chemically stable under the conditions of electrolysis as demonstrated by IR and UV–vis spectroelectrochemical methods. The energies of the C=O stretching vibrations of the ester moieties and the energies of the UV–vis absorptions of 1–4 and 1 + –4 + correlate with the number of ester groups. Paramagnetic 1H NMR redox titration experiments give access to the chemical shifts of 1 + –4 + and underline the fast electron self-exchange of the ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couples, required for rapid redox mediation in organic electrosynthesis.
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27

Zhang, Chong-Liang, and Yoshio Narusawa. "A New Titration Method Based on Concentration-Variable Patterns. Principles and Applications to Acid–Base and Redox Titrations." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 70, no. 3 (March 1997): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.70.593.

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28

Graf, H., V. Reichenbach, and B. Beyme. "Oxidation of Structural Ferrous Iron in Vermiculites: I. Oxidation by Fe3+." Clay Minerals 23, no. 3 (September 1988): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1988.023.3.03.

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AbstractVermiculite prepared from biotite by interlayer cation exchange was reacted with solutions exhibiting redox potentials between 625 and 765 mV. The redox potential was controlled by the Fe2+/Fe3+ activity ratio, measured with a Pt electrode, and kept constant by addition of hydrogen peroxide to balance electron transfer from structural Fe2+ to Fe3+ in solution. Oxidation of structural Fe2+ was followed by Eh-stat titration and the rate of oxidation was shown to depend on the amount of Fe3+ penetrating into interlayer positions. Consequently, it was affected not only by the redox potential, but also by the activity between Fe3+ and all other cations present in solution or in an exchangeable state. Oxidation and cation exchange are coupled reactions. In contrast to the redox potential in solution, the effective redox potential controlling the oxidation of structural Fe2+ was increased by preferential sorption of the Fe3+ ion.
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29

Sousa, R. A. de, F. S. Semaan, J. A. F. Baio, and E. T. G. Cavalheiro. "Fast determination of minoxidil by photometric flow titration." Eclética Química 30, no. 3 (September 2005): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-46702005000300010.

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A photometric flow titration based on the redox reaction between KMnO4 and minoxidil is described. The best titration results were observed at 3.20 x 10-4 mol L-1 KMnO4 and 1.00 x 10-3 mol L-1 minoxidil, using the minoxidil solutions as titrant. The flow rate was fixed at 17 mL min-1 and the titrant was added to the system in aliquots of 500 µL, the color changes were monitored at 550 nm. The method was applied to commercial samples and compared with the results from a chromatographic procedure. Recoveries from 97.6 to 102.8 % were observed depending on the sample. Comparison with the chromatographic procedure reveled relative errors of 3.5 - 4.0 %.
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30

Geiser, Jan, Harald Natter, Rolf Hempelmann, Bernd Morgenstern, and Kaspar Hegetschweiler. "Photometrical Determination of the State-of-Charge in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Part I: In Combination with Potentiometric Titration." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 233, no. 12 (December 18, 2019): 1683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2019-1379.

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AbstractThe stepwise oxidation of vanadium ions in electrolytes, as used in all vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), is studied offline by a combination of potentiometric titration and simultaneous UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy. Eight different total vanadium concentrations between 0.2 mol L−1 and 1.6 mol L−1 have been investigated. The analyte (titrand, V2+ solution) is the anolyte (V2+/V3+ side) of a fully charged laboratory vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Absorption maxima are observed at λ = 850 nm for V2+ and at λ = 400 nm for V3+, the corresponding absorption coefficients are determined. In the former case an extrapolation procedure is necessary because during transfer from the VRFB to the titration cell, oxidation to V3+ by ambient oxygen cannot completely be avoided. Based on the knowledge of the absorption coefficients, via simultaneous photometry of V2+ and V3+, the state-of-charge of the anolyte of a VRFB can be determined. In the catholyte (V4+/V5+ side) of a VRFB the formation of an intermediate mixed valence VIV–VV complex at large vanadium concentration prevents a simple photometric SOC determination.
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31

Auwal Balarabe, Muhammad, and Aliyu Zainab Folashade. "Determination of Iron in Some Selected Iron Containing Tablets Using Redox Titration." World Journal of Applied Chemistry 4, no. 3 (2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.13.

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32

Vaidya, Santosh K., Chandrika Damodaran, and Krishna K. Verma. "Determination of bromide and nitrite by indirect redox titration using phenyl iodosoacetate." Mikrochimica Acta 106, no. 3-6 (May 1992): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01242092.

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33

Helburn, Robin S., and Patrick MacCarthy. "Determination of some redox properties of humic acid by alkaline ferricyanide titration." Analytica Chimica Acta 295, no. 3 (September 1994): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(94)80231-9.

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34

White, Nicholas G., and Paul D. Beer. "A ferrocene redox-active triazolium macrocycle that binds and senses chloride." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (February 13, 2012): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.25.

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A ferrocene bis(triazole) macrocycle was synthesised in good yield by the Eglinton coupling of an acyclic bis(alkyne) precursor and characterised in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. Alkylation gives the corresponding triazolium macrocycle, which binds chloride and benzoate strongly in CD3CN solution through favourable charge-assisted C–H···anion interactions, as evidenced by 1H NMR titration experiments. Preliminary electrochemical studies reveal that the redox-active macrocycle is capable of sensing chloride in CH3CN solution.
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35

Hupatz, Henrik, Marius Gaedke, Hendrik V. Schröder, Julia Beerhues, Arto Valkonen, Fabian Klautzsch, Sebastian Müller, et al. "Thermodynamic and electrochemical study of tailor-made crown ethers for redox-switchable (pseudo)rotaxanes." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (October 20, 2020): 2576–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.209.

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Crown ethers are common building blocks in supramolecular chemistry and are frequently applied as cation sensors or as subunits in synthetic molecular machines. Developing switchable and specifically designed crown ethers enables the implementation of function into molecular assemblies. Seven tailor-made redox-active crown ethers incorporating tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) or naphthalene diimide (NDI) as redox-switchable building blocks are described with regard to their potential to form redox-switchable rotaxanes. A combination of isothermal titration calorimetry and voltammetric techniques reveals correlations between the binding energies and redox-switching properties of the corresponding pseudorotaxanes with secondary ammonium ions. For two different weakly coordinating anions, a surprising relation between the enthalpic and entropic binding contributions of the pseudorotaxanes was discovered. These findings were applied to the synthesis of an NDI-[2]rotaxane, which retains similar spectroelectrochemical properties compared to the corresponding free macrocycle. The detailed understanding of the thermodynamic and electrochemical properties of the tailor-made crown ethers lays the foundation for the construction of new types of molecular redox switches with emergent properties.
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36

Devries, Jonathan W., Hoon Ge, Frank J. Ebert, Joel M. Magnuson, and Mark K. Ogawa. "Analysis for Total Sulfite in Foods By Using Rapid Distillation Followed By Redox Titration." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 5 (September 1, 1986): 827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.5.827.

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Abstract A rapid and accurate analysis for total sulfite as sulfur dioxide has been developed for foods and food products. The method, which combines a selective distillation cleanup procedure with the selective redox titration of sulfite ion by iodine, has been applied to a variety of foods and food products over a period of time with no significant interference encountered in any matrixes other than garlic and leeks. For the foods analyzed, the method typically shows a detection limit of 10 ppm, a relative standard deviation of 7.5% (compared with 10.4% for similar matrixes by the Monier-Williams method), and recoveries of 97.9 ± 6.4%. Comparison of results for this method with those obtained using the Monier-Williams method showed a mean value for the distillation/ titration method of 241 ppm compared with 242 ppm for the Monier- Williams method. A correlation of 0.991 and odds of a difference between methods of 10.7% (Student's paired t-test(1- α) × 100) were obtained for those matrixes where no interferences were encountered with either method.
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37

MOODY, A. JOHN, and PETER R. RICH. "Redox titration of haem a in cyanide-liganded cytochrome-c oxidase: simulation studies on interacting, pH-dependent, redox centres." Biochemical Society Transactions 17, no. 5 (October 1, 1989): 896–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0170896.

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38

Zarrabi, Niloofar, Noah Holzer, Brandon J. Bayard, Sairaman Seetharaman, Benjamin G. Boe, Francis D’Souza, and Prashanth K. Poddutoori. "Fluorinated aluminum(III) porphyrins: Synthesis, spectroscopy, electrochemistry and photochemistry." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 25, no. 05n06 (April 6, 2021): 456–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424621500267.

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A series of fluorinated free-base porphyrins (H2TPPF[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] = 0, 8, 12, 20, 24) and the corresponding aluminum(III) porphyrin (AlTPPF[Formula: see text]-Ph, [Formula: see text] = 0, 8, 12, 20, 24) derivatives have been synthesized and their spectroscopic, redox and optical properties were investigated. The absorption studies show that the spectral shapes of investigated porphyrins are sensitive to the degree of fluorination on the meso-phenyl units. Analogously, the fluorescence quantum yields and singlet-state lifetimes depend on the number of fluorine atoms, and decrease by increasing the number of fluorine atoms. The H2TPPF[Formula: see text] and AlTPPF[Formula: see text]-Ph ([Formula: see text] = 8, 12, 20, 24) derivatives exhibited lower fluorescence intensities compared to the H2TPP and AlTPP, respectively. However, the AlTPPF[Formula: see text]-Ph ([Formula: see text] = 0, 8, 12, 20, 24) derivatives yield relatively a strong fluorescence compared to the well-known ZnTPP. As predicted, the redox potentials are shifted to the more positive side by increasing the fluorine atoms. The Lewis acidity of AlTPPF[Formula: see text]-Ph was quantified by using the absorption and fluorescence titrations with the Lewis base [Formula: see text]-methylimidazole (Me-Im). The titration data suggests that the Lewis acidity of the Al center rises when increasing the number of fluorine atoms on the porphyrin. Together, the high fluorescence quantum yields, high-potentials, unique optical and redox properties suggest that the investigated porphyrins could be potential sensitizers to mimic various components of artificial photosynthetic systems for the production of solar fuels.
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39

Gorbikova, Elena A., Kai Vuorilehto, Mårten Wikström, and Michael I. Verkhovsky. "Redox Titration of All Electron Carriers of CytochromecOxidase by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy†." Biochemistry 45, no. 17 (May 2006): 5641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi060257v.

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40

Pinhas, Allan R. "A Redox Titration for a General−Organic−Biochemistry (GOB) Course Using Povidone Iodine." Journal of Chemical Education 87, no. 9 (September 2010): 985–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed1002948.

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41

Coutinho, Isabel B., David L. Turner, Jean Legall, and António V. Xavier. "NMR Studies and Redox Titration of the Tetraheme Cytochrome c3 from Desulfomicrobium baculatum." European Journal of Biochemistry 230, no. 3 (June 28, 2008): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.1007g.x.

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42

Askerlund, Per, Christer Larsson, and Susanne Widell. "Cytochromes of plant plasma membranes. Characterization by absorbance difference spectrophotometry and redox titration." Physiologia Plantarum 76, no. 2 (June 1989): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1989.tb05621.x.

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43

Raju, K. "Iron(II) titration of some metal ions, with oxazine dyes as redox indicators." Talanta 35, no. 6 (June 1988): 490–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(88)80114-0.

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44

Hollingsworth, Scott A., Dipanwita Batabyal, Brian D. Nguyen, and Thomas L. Poulos. "Conformational selectivity in cytochrome P450 redox partner interactions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 31 (July 20, 2016): 8723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606474113.

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The heme iron of cytochromes P450 must be reduced to bind and activate molecular oxygen for substrate oxidation. Reducing equivalents are derived from a redox partner, which requires the formation of a protein–protein complex. A subject of increasing discussion is the role that redox partner binding plays, if any, in favoring significant structural changes in the P450s that are required for activity. Many P450s now have been shown to experience large open and closed motions. Several structural and spectral studies indicate that the well-studied P450cam adopts the open conformation when its redox partner, putidaredoxin (Pdx), binds, whereas recent NMR studies indicate that this view is incorrect. Given the relevance of this discrepancy to P450 chemistry, it is important to determine whether Pdx favors the open or closed form of P450cam. Here, we have used both computational and experimental isothermal titration calorimetry studies that unequivocally show Pdx favors binding to the open form of P450cam. Analyses of molecular-dynamic trajectories also provide insights into intermediate conformational states that could be relevant to catalysis.
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45

Richardson, John N., Mark T. Stauffer, and Jennifer L. Henry. "Microscale Quantitative Analysis of Hard Water Samples Using an Indirect Potassium Permanganate Redox Titration." Journal of Chemical Education 80, no. 1 (January 2003): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed080p65.

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46

Frébortova, Jitka, Kazunobu Matsushita, Hiroyuki Arata, and Osao Adachi. "Intramolecular electron transport in quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase of Acetobacter methanolicus: a redox-titration study." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1363, no. 1 (January 1998): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-2728(97)00090-x.

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47

Deal, S. Todd, and Sandi R. Pope. "Improved End Point Detection in the Redox Titration of Vitamin C in Green Peppers." Journal of Chemical Education 73, no. 6 (June 1996): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed073p547.

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48

Szabó, S., F. Nagy, and J. Gyimesi. "The determination of dispersity and metal content of supported palladium catalysts with redox titration." Applied Catalysis A: General 238, no. 2 (January 2003): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-860x(02)00369-1.

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49

MOODY, A. JOHN, ROY MITCHELL, and PETER R. RICH. "Redox titration of haem a in cyanide-liganded cytochrome-c oxidase: effect of pH." Biochemical Society Transactions 17, no. 5 (October 1, 1989): 895–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0170895.

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50

SADIQ, MUHAMMAD, and W. L. LINDSAY. "ELECTRON TITRATION AS A TECHNIQUE TO STUDY IRON AND MANGANESE REDOX TRANSFORMATIONS IN SOILS." Soil Science 147, no. 5 (May 1989): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198905000-00005.

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