Academic literature on the topic 'TL emission'

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Journal articles on the topic "TL emission"

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Townsend, P. D. "Analysis of TL emission spectra." Radiation Measurements 23, no. 2-3 (1994): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-4487(94)90062-0.

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Niyonzima, P., A. O. Sawakuchi, M. Jain, et al. "Radiofluorescence of quartz from rocks and sediments and its correlation with thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence sensitivities." Ancient TL 38, no. 1 (2020): 11–21. https://doi.org/10.26034/la.atl.2020.540.

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The present study examines radiofluorescence (RF) emissions in quartz from parent rocks (igneous plutonic and volcanic) and sediments of different provenances, which represent a range of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivities observed in nature. OSL and TL (110 °C peak) sensitivities of quartz have been successfully used for sediment provenance analysis, but the considerable sensitivity variations are still poorly understood in terms of charge traps and recombination centers. In the studied samples, the RF spectra obtained at room temperature and usin
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Koul, Dileep, and Mohan Chougaonkar. "An attempt to estimate firing temperature using OSL pre-dose sensitization of quartz." Geochronometria 38, no. 3 (2011): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13386-011-0034-5.

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Abstract The estimation of firing temperature of ceramics using methods based on pre-dose sensitization of the 110°C TL peak of quartz have yielded incoherent results. Recently the fast component of the CW-OSL of quartz has been observed to have pre-dose characteristics similar to that of the 110°C TL peak. The motivation for this study has been to look into the feasibility of this signal, the OSL counter part of pre-dosed TL emission, for the firing temperature identification. The variation in the sensitization ratio of the TL and OSL emissions with different heating temperatures was also uti
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Hunter, Peter G., and Nigel A. Spooner. "Investigation of the role of the production process on the luminescence of sea salt products." Geochronometria 44, no. 1 (2017): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geochr-2015-0055.

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Abstract Luminescence dosimetry assumes samples of a given material with diverse provenances behave in a predictable manner, allowing a standardised testing protocol, such as SAR for quartz, to be employed. This article demonstrates that distinct salt products derived from a single manufacturer’s feedstock retain comparable luminescence behaviour. This is the basis of a standardised test protocol: uniting testing procedures which have been shown to be individually applicable. Generalization across samples from different manufacturers and processes is currently under investigation. Luminescent
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Dalal, M. L., Y. Kirsh, H. M. Rendell, and P. D. Townsend. "TL emission spectra of natural feldspar." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 14, no. 1-2 (1988): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(88)90042-8.

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Eswaran, P., A. Anbagi, and S. Nagarajan. "Optical Studies on KBr:Tl and KCl-Br:Tl Mixed Crystals." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 2 (2010): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/971465.

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Optical absorption spectra of KBr:Tl+(0.0125 mol%) single crystals shows A, B and C bands around 258, 220 and 210 nm respectively. In KCl0.1Br0.9:Tl+(0.0125 mol%) mixed crystals exhibit slightly broadening of the A-band towards lower wavelength side. The broadening of the absorption spectra are suggested to be due to some complex Tl+centers involving Br-and Cl-ions formed in the mixed crystals. When excited at A, B and C-bands of Tl+ions, PL of KBr:Tl+showed emission band around 320 with a prominent shoulder around 365 nm. In KCl0.1Br0.9mixed crystals the shoulder around 365 nm is not prominen
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Cipa, J., L. Trinkler, and B. Berzina. "Thermoluminescence Response of AlN+Y2O3 Ceramics to Sunlight and X-Ray Irradiation." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 58, no. 1 (2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2021-0001.

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Abstract AlN is a wide band gap material with promising properties for dosimetric applications, especially in UV dosimetry. In the present research, the thermoluminescence method is used in order to better understand sunlight and X-ray irradiation effects on yttria doped AlN ceramics. In general, the TL response is characterised by a broad TL peak with maxima around 400–450 K and a TL emission spectrum with UV (400 nm), Blue (480 nm) and Red (600 nm) bands. Compared to the X-ray irradiation, sunlight irradiation creates a wider TL glow curve peak with a maximum shifted to higher temperatures b
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Rendell, H. M., and R. A. Wood. "Quartz sample pretreatments for TL/OSL dating: Studies of TL emission spectra." Radiation Measurements 23, no. 2-3 (1994): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-4487(94)90102-3.

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Tang, Qiang, Huaming Tang, Daling Luo, Chunxiang Zhang, Jingyuan Guo, and Huiping Wu. "THERMOLUMINESCENCE SPECTRA AND DOSE RESPONSES OF SrSO4 PHOSPHORS DOPED WITH RARE EARTHS (Eu, Dy, Tm) AND PHOSPHORUS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 187, no. 2 (2019): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz151.

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Abstract The thermoluminescence (TL) spectra and dose responses of strontium sulphate doped with rare earth ions show that the SrSO4:Eu2+ phosphor might reasonably be assumed a isoelectronic trap sample which has unique TL characteristics: there is only one obvious glow peak at 385 nm, 489 K in the TL 3D emission spectra and its TL dose response is linear-sublinear. However, there are several elementary glow peaks in the TL 3D emission spectra and their TL dose responses are linear-supralinear for SrSO4:RE3+ (RE = Dy, Tm). These TL peaks occurred from low to high temperature indicate that the
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Feng, He, Cheng Long Chen, Mitch Chou, Guo Hao Ren, and Jia Yue Xu. "Preparation of CsI(Tl) Scintillation Film by RF Magnetron Sputter Method and its Structural and Optical Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.628.

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Thallium-doped cesium iodide CsI(Tl) scintillation film has been manufactured by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputter method onto the quartz glass substrates. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the film shows preferable growth of the crystalline film in the (200) orientation. The optical and scintillation properties of CsI(Tl) film were investigated, including photoluminescence excitation (PLE), photoluminescence (PL), X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) spectra and decay curve. The main emission peak at about 2.28 eV is related to the radiative relaxation from the strong-off configuration
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TL emission"

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Hsu, Bai-Ling. "Attenuation and scatter correction of Tc99m-based and Tl-201 myocardial perfusion SPECT /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137711.

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Zhang, Jun. "Particle matter emission control and related issues for diesel engines." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1521/.

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The particulate matter is probably one of the most critical issues of the diesel engine emissions. After years of research, people begin to understand it further, with respect to its impact on the environment and human health, its formation mechanism inside and outside the diesel engine, and most importantly, the methods to control its formation. This study has focused on the particulate matter emission control in diesel engines. It started with the application of two closely coupled Diesel Particle Filters (DPFs), consisting of an assistant DPF and a main standard honeycomb DPF, to replace th
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Pottinger, Sabrina. "Investigation of steady state characteristics of hollow cathode internal plasmas using optical emission spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/345074/.

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Togay, Evren. "Design And Implementation Of A Luminescence Emission Spectrometer." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614144/index.pdf.

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Luminescence is the emission of light resulting from radiative transition of an atom from an excited state to a ground state. This radiative transition yields emission of photons and the luminescence is the general name which is used to classify &ldquo<br>cold emission&rdquo<br>other than the blackbody radiation. Spectroscopy involves the measurement of intensity of emitted, absorbed or scattered electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength. Thus, it is a valuable tool in the study of understanding the luminescence production mechanisms. Measurement of emission spectra gives informati
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Gill, Simaranjit Singh. "Controlling diesel NO_x & PM emissions using fuel components and enhanced aftertreatment techniques : developing the next generation emission control system." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3643/.

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The following research thesis focuses on methods of controlling nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particulate matter (PM) emissions emitted from a low temperature diesel exhaust. This involves studying the influence of hydrogen (H₂) on various aftertreatment devices such as hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) over silver-alumina (Ag-Al₂O₃) catalysts for lean NO_x reduction, platinum diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) for nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) production and passive regeneration methods for the diesel particulate filter (DPF). H₂ was implemented on-board either through diesel exhaust gas
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Tesfa, Belachew Chekene. "Investigations into the performance and emission characteristics of a biodiesel fuelled CI engine under steady and transient operating conditions." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2011. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/11072/.

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The stringent emission laws, the depletion of petroleum reserves and the relation of fuels with politics have forced the world to find alternatives to fossil fuels. Biodiesel is one of the biofuels which is renewable and environmentally friendly and can be used in diesel engines with little or no modifications. For the last two decades, many researchers have reported extensive work on the performance and emission characteristics of engines running with biodiesel during steady state operation. However, there are numbers of knowledge gaps that have been identified which include limited informati
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Baslamisli, Ufuk. "Helicopter Turboshaft Engine Ground Preformance With Alternative Fuels." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614098/index.pdf.

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In recent years, extensive studies on alternative fuels have been conducted to find environmentally friendly, economically feasible fuels due to finite petroleum sources, environmental and economical reasons. In this thesis, effects of alternative fuels on engine performance and exhaust emission are studied experimentally. Cold and reacting tests have been performed. Volumetric flow rate, discharge pressure are measured according to different pump speed. Droplet diameters, droplet distribution, spray cone angle and two dimensional velocity distribution from combustor fuel nozzle are determined
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Brown, Nicholas M. "Characterisation of emissions and combustion stability of a port fuelled spark ignition engine." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10821/.

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The chemical and physical limits of cycle-to-cycle combustion variability and engine out emissions of a gasoline port fuelled spark ignition engine have been investigated. The experimental investigations were carried out on a V8 engine with port fuel injection and variable intake valve timing. The chemical limits of stable combustion have been shown to be a function of burned gas, fuel and air mixture. The widest limit, gas fuel ratio of <24, burned gas fraction <0.27 and AFR >9 was found at maximum brake torque spark timing. Retarding the spark timing by 10oCA caused a small reduction in the
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Ing, Koh. "Variations in carbon emissions from vehicles at signalised intersections." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/349003/.

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Carbon emissions from road transport make up 20% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the UK. Therefore, reducing carbon emissions from road transport is significant in reaching carbon reduction targets. In urban areas where signal controlled intersections are common, carbon emissions from vehicular traffic can be aggravated by aggressive driving and interruptions induced by traffic control. Considerable variations in speed and acceleration profiles could be observed between high carbon and low carbon driving. In view of the immediate effects that changing driving behaviour could have on c
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Kumar, Ravindra. "Modelling motorcycles driving cycles and emissions in Edinburgh." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2009. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3047.

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The level of ownership and use of motorcycling has increased rapidly in Edinburgh and the UK in the last ten years. In this study, motorcycle driving cycles (rural and urban) were developed for Edinburgh (Edinburgh Motorcycle Driving cycle-EMDC). The analysis of EMDC demonstrates that motorcycles‘ driving behaviour differs between urban and rural areas. EMDC shows a typical transient nature of speed, acceleration and deceleration, which is also different from regulatory driving cycles (Economic Commission for Europe-ECE and World Motorcycle Test Cycle-WMTC) and examples from Asia (Taiwan, Bang
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Book chapters on the topic "TL emission"

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Husseini Orabi, Mahmoud, Ahmed Husseini Orabi, and Timothy C. Lethbridge. "Umple-TL: A Model-Oriented, Dependency-Free Text Emission Tool." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37873-8_6.

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Kohzuki, Yohichi. "New Peak on Thermoluminescence Glow Curve of X-Ray-Irradiated Single Crystal after Heat Treatment." In Ionizing Radiation - Insights into Chemistry, Biology, and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1007612.

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The information on solid-state (internal defect) can be contactlessly obtained from the phenomenon that light emission occurs from X-ray-irradiated KCl:Eu2+ single crystals. A new peak appears around 330 K on the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve of the X-ray-irradiated crystals after the quenching from 473 to 773 K to room temperature. The peak is termed 330 K peak here. It is considered that the electrons released from F-centres (trapped electrons) lying in the dislocation segments are captured in the dislocation (linear crystal defect) zone and move along the dislocation line in the crysta
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"Luminescence of the isoelectronic impurities in garnet compounds under X-ray and synchrotron radiation excitations." In Book of Abstracts - RAD 2025 Conference. RAD Centre, Niš, Serbia, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21175/rad.abstr.book.2025.16.11.

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The regularities of the luminescence centers formation by the La3+ and Sc3+ isoelectronic impurities (IsIm) in oxides with garnet structure A3B5O12 (A=Y, Lu, Gd; B =Al, Ga) have been investigated. Such regularities have been revealed also for the antisite defects (AD) (YAl in YAG and LuAl in LuAG) as special kinds of IsIm. Creation of such type of ADs in the 0.05-0.25 at.% concentration is an irrevocable consequence of the single crystal (SC) growth of garnets at 1900-2000oC from high- temperature melt. At the same time, the single crystalline films (SC) of these garnets grown by the liquid ph
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"Scientific and technical solution of the device for mini- gamma-quantum diagnostics of body tissues." In Book of Abstracts - RAD 2025 Conference. RAD Centre, Niš, Serbia, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21175/rad.abstr.book.2025.7.4.

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The novelty of the scientific and technical solution in the developed small-sized device for mini-gamma-quantum express diagnostics of tissues of the human body in the verification of oncological diseases is that the device is a portable medical device for non-invasive and non- contact differential express diagnostics of normal diseases and pathologically changed tissues of the human body based on the study of biopsies directly during surgical intervention. The main novelty of the development is that the construction of the proposed device is based on the gamma absorption method - a method of
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"GAMMA-MRI: Revolutionizing medical imaging with radioactive hyperpolarized xenon." In Book of Abstracts - RAD 2025 Conference. RAD Centre, Niš, Serbia, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21175/rad.abstr.book.2025.19.7.

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Introduction: GAMMA-MRI aims to bring innovation in clinical molecular imaging by developing a new imaging modality based on the physical principle of anisotropic gamma emission from hyperpolarized isomers of xenon. To mitigate the low signal detection sensitivity of MRI, a radioactive gamma-emitting isotope is used as a contrast agent, with gamma energy comparable to that of 99mTc (Eγ=140 keV), a widely used medical radioisotope in nuclear medicine imaging techniques. Methods: The GAMMA-MRI relies on detecting the asymmetric gamma emission from long-lived isomers of a radioactive noble gas nu
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Karakaş, M. Gürcan. "Rules of the Game are Changing: Automotive Turns Into Mobility Ecosystem." In National Technology Initiative: Social Reflections and Türkiye's Future. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Yayınları, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-17-7.ch16.

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Türkiye’s Automobile Initiative Group was launched by bringing together the country’s leading or prominent groups in their fields under the leadership of the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye (TOBB), Türkiye’s largest non-governmental organization. With the aim of creating a globally competitive mobility brand, of which the intellectual and industrial property rights would be owned by Türkiye, Togg was officially established on June 25, 2018, with Anadolu Group, BMC, Kök Group, Turkcell, Zorlu, and the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye joining forces.
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Finkelman, Robert B., and Harvey E. Belkin. "Geological Epidemiology: Coal Combustion in China." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0012.

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In a recent report, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has concluded that, with the possible exception of mercury, there is no compelling evidence that emissions from U.S. based coal-burning electric utility generators cause human health problems (EPA 1998). However, worldwide, the use of poor quality coal and/or the improper use of coal may cause or contribute to significant widespread human health problems. Health problems caused by impurities in coal, such as arsenic and fluorine, have been reported from the former Czechoslovakia (Bencko 1997) and from China. The World Bank (199
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Conference papers on the topic "TL emission"

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Pani, Roberto, Paolo Bennati, Rosanna Pellegrini, et al. "LaBr3(Ce) and NaI(Tl) performance comparison for single photon emission imaging." In 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2011 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2011.6153854.

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Valentine, John, William W. Moses, Stephen E. Derenzo, David K. Wehe, and Glenn F. Knoll. "Temperature dependence of CsI(Tl) gamma-ray scintillation decay time constants and emission spectrum." In San Diego '92, edited by Elena Aprile. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.138604.

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Downer, M. C., D. M. Riffe, X. Y. Wang, et al. "Femtosecond Thermionic-Emission: Experiment, Analytical Theory, and Particle Simulations." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1992.tha3.

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High-intensity femtosecond (fs) light pulses provide the means to excite, on a subpicosecond time scale, the electrons in a solid to temperatures Te greatly in excess of the lattice vibrational temperature Tl.[1] As shown in an earlier experiment on Ag,[2] for excitation of the electron gas to temperatures kTe approaching ϕ (ϕ is the workfunction of the metal), subpicosecond thermionic emission supersedes multiphoton photoemissioni[3] as the major electron-emission process and is thus a candidate for evaluating the temperature Te under intense fs radiation. However, the space-charge potential
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Zevenhoven, Maria, Rainer Backman, Bengt-Johan Skrifvars, and Mikko Hupa. "Appearance of Trace Elements in Co-Firing Fuels." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78107.

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With the implementation of new EU guidelines the levels of maximum allowable emission levels of Cd, Tl, Hg, Sb, As, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, V will be further restricted. This may have implications for co-combustion of coal with waste derived fuels. In this study chemical fractionation, i.e. a stepwise leaching procedure has been applied on coal, peat, sewage sludge, bark, impregnated wood and forest residue. With this method fuels are leached in three steps, i.e. leached with water, ammonium acetate and hydro chloric acid, respectively. Both solubility in different leaching agents of main ash
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Lavrentjev, Jüri, and Hans Rämmal. "Design and Performance of Acoustic Metamaterial Structure for Inlet Duct Noise Attenuation." In JSAE/SAE Small Engine Technologies Conference & Exhibition. Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2017-32-0066.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To control noise emission from internal combustion inlet, designers often choose small chamber type silencers at the inlet. In order to improve the inlet acoustic efficiency, inlet ducts with improved acoustic attenuation can be used. One potentially applicable material is acoustic metamaterial rapidly gaining popularity in different fields of engineering application. Small engine inlet duct, designed by using acoustic metamaterial structure comprising an array of resonators inside the wall of a rigid duct is investigate
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Herrlander, Bo. "Novel Gas Cleaning With Integrated Energy Recovery." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5415.

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High-energy recovery combined with low emissions to air and water was targeted when Jo¨nko¨ping Energi planned their new Waste to Energy plant at Torsvik in Sweden. The plant is compliant with the new EU Industry Directive and the Waste Frame Directive R-formula, which defines energy recovery levels for recycle of energy. In total about 160 000 tons of municipal (40%) and commercial waste (60%) is annually converted into usable energy. The average heat value is 11,7 MJ/kg. The energy produced is a combination of electricity (14 MWe) and heat (42–56 MWth, depending on electricity production). T
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Selc¸uk, Nevin, Yusuf Gogebakan, and Zuhal Gogebakan. "Partitioning of Trace Elements During Fluidized Bed Combustion of High Ash Content Lignite." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78068.

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The behavior of 20 trace elements (As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Tl, V, Zn) and 8 major and minor elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si, Ti) during the combustion of high ash content lignite with and without limestone addition have been investigated in the 0.3 MWt Middle East Technical University (METU) Atmospheric Bubbling Fluidized Bed Combustor (ABFBC) Test Rig. Experiments were performed without fines recycle. Inert bed material utilized in the experiments was bed ash obtained previously from the combustion of the same lignite without limestone addition in
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Wei, Xiao, Fabian Jochmann, Anna Lena Demmerling, and Dirk Söffker. "Application of Transfer Learning in Metalworking Fluid Distinction." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89452.

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Abstract This contribution introduces a Transfer Learning (TL) approach for the diagnostic task to distinguish the ingredients of a typical production machine element: metalworking fluid (MWF). Metalworking fluids are oil or water-based fluids used during machining and shaping of metals to provide lubrication and cooling. Additives in MWF affect their performance in different metalworking processes. Performance evaluation of MWF is of relevance for product development as well as for condition monitoring. In this contribution, for the first time, Transfer Learning is adapted for MWF distinction
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Forysiak, W., and J. V. Moloney. "Mode-Locking Dynamics of Synchronously Pumped Color-Center Lasers." In Nonlinear Dynamics in Optical Systems. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nldos.1992.mc2.

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Numerical simulations of the mode-locking dynamics of synchronously pumped KCl:Tl°(1) and L i F : F 2 + colour-centre lasers [1,2] in Fabry-Perot and ring geometries are presented. The response of each laser to variation of cavity mismatch is discussed and in particular, their pulse-shaping properties and the conditions required for pulse optimisation and stabilisation. Each of the cavity tuning curves consists of a narrow region of quasi-stationary pulsation, bounded by regions in which the presence of spontaneous emission noise generates episodic phase-wave perturbations, leading to a fundam
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Irving, Clare, Pete Burgess, and Keith Stevens. "Dealing With a Pa-231 Contaminated Ventilation Duct." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59248.

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Cambridge University had worked in the 1960s and 1970s with Pa-231, a decay product of U-235. The fume cupboards discharged into ventilation ducting made from asbestos cement. The university wished to refurbish the laboratory and the RPA had negotiated over many years with the Environment Agency to set up a project to remove the ducting both to reduce the radiological hazards and as part of a programme to remove unwanted circuits and upgrade the ventilation system to modern standards. Contamination levels were significant and low dose rates were measurable on the external surface. The aim was
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