To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: TM2.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'TM2'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'TM2.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Koster, Sophie Amelia. "Energy Levels and Dynamics of Tm²⁺ Doped into AMX₃ Salts." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9643.
Full textAbstract:
Divalent thulium has been doped into CsCaI₃, CsCaBr₃, CsCaCl₃ and RbCaI₃- a series of AMX₃ salts. Using previously published optical spectra, a series of parameterised energy level calculations have been performed. The calculated energy levels, optimised crystal field parameters and simulated optical absorption spectra are presented. Theoretical predictions yield excellent approximation to the experimental data.
Temperature dependent fluorescent lifetimes from the (³F₄,t₂g) and (³H₆,t₂g) excited (emitting) states have been measured using a pulsed dye laser. For CsCaBr₃ and RbCaI₃ doped with Tm²⁺, visible emission for the (³F₄,t₂g) state yields 10 K and 28 K lifetimes of 1.7 μs and 0.40 μs respectively. In both cases no emission is observed at room temperature. Considering direct multiphonon relaxation to the lower lying (³H₆,t₂g) levels, a simple energy gap law well accounts for the measured data with effective phonon energies in the range 100-200 cm⁻¹ - consistent with the phonon density of states in these low phonon energy hosts. Monitoring infrared emission from the (³H₆,t₂g) states, 14 K and 10 K lifetimes of 301 μs and 250 μs are found for CsCaBr₃ and CsCaCl₃ respectively. For CsCaBr₃ this value reduces to 270 μs at 200 K and is not quenched until 300 K, whilst for CsCaCl₃ emission is quenched by 170 K. This temperature dependent behavior is interpreted in terms of internal conversion via configurational crossing between the excited and ground state potential energy surfaces. Fitting the fluorescence lifetime data to a modified Mott equation, it is inferred that the potential barrier for non-radiative relaxation is five times larger in CsCaBr₃ compared to CsCaCl₃. This explains the fact that emission is still observable in the bromide host at room temperature.
2
Freeman, Alison Mining Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "An investigation into the ignition and deflagration mechanisms relating to the testing of permitted explosives with reference to British health and safety executive???s TM2." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Mining Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44796.
Full textAbstract:
In an effort to provide the underground coal mining industry with an understanding of what governs if an explosive is classed as permitted, a preliminary research project was undertaken to investigate the scientific basis of the British Health and Safety Executives Testing Memorandum#2 (TM2). Previous literature indicates that the TM2 standard is empirical and based on comparative testing of the explosive in use at the time, nitroglycerine. Eighty Type I tests were carried out and preliminary findings were that the mechanism that causes ignition is a reflected shockwave which compresses and reheats detonation products. The origin of the reflected pressure wave changed when the primer position was altered within the cannon. With a pressure transducer and pyrometer mounted on the side of the gallery the measurements aided in identifying those maximum pressures and temperatures prior to ignition that are collectively a set of parameters that could be used to identify if an explosive would cause an ignition in the gallery. Additionally numerical modelling was employed to characterise pressure, temperature and velocity profiles within the gallery for blown out and cut off shots. Whilst the pressure and temperature results predicted by the CFD model were 1.5 to 3 times the magnitude of those measured in the field, the modelling results exhibited the behaviour of the shockwaves reflecting off the gallery walls, rebounding, gaining intensity and travelling back towards the centre axis of the gallery. This predicted behaviour reinforced the belief that re-heating of detonation gases by reflected shockwaves is the prime ignition mechanism of the Type I TM2 tests. One hundred and eight deflagration tests were conducted in the Type II cannon. The main finding was that the longer a receptor is subjected to elevated pressures due to confinement the higher the probability of deflagration. Additionally emulsion explosives were found to detonate in the cannon rather than deflagrate raising the question, ???if the explosive is consumed instantaneously, then isn???t the risk of deflagration occurring eliminated???? In reading this thesis it must be noted that all findings are preliminary and many more tests are required to confirm trends and behaviours observed in the testing to date.
3
Edwards, Emery Rose. "Illness Experience of People with Chronic Pain Resulting from Temporomandibular Disorders." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193257.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis discusses the illness experience of people living with chronic pain resulting from Temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The literature discusses various aspects of the experience of chronic pain, but there is little research reported specifically on the experience of living with TMD. Using analysis of sufferers' narratives, I discuss common explanatory models and coping strategies. I then present aspects of the bodily experience of TMD as seen in people with comorbid illnesses. The personal or mental aspects of TMD are explored, particularly in terms of fear, anxiety, and hope for the future. Lastly, the broader impacts of TMD are explored through sufferers' relationships with friends and family, and sufferers' ability to function in social contexts. It is concluded that TMD impacts many areas of sufferers' lives, and that the lived experience extends beyond diagnosis and treatment seeking to include the day to day management of TMD pain.
4
Yang, X. (Xiaojiang). "Magnetic resonance imaging of the lateral pterygoid muscle in temporomandibular disorders." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514266439.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
The fact that the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) and related symptoms play an important role in
temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is widely recognized. In the study reported here, the LPM was
investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with TMD. The visibility of the LPM in MRI
with different projections was analyzed and a new imaging projection, condyle-the lateral pterygoid muscle
projection (CLPM), for the LPM in MRI was introduced. Normal and abnormal findings of the LPM was compared
with clinical symptoms of TMD.
Compared with sagittal imaging of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), CLPM images and most of the oblique
sagittal imaging were able to show the LPM clearly. Hypertrophy, atrophy and contracture of the LPM were
found in TMJs either with disc in normal position or with disc displacements. Pathological changes of the
superior belly and hypertrophy of the inferior belly combined with various pathological changes of the
superior belly were the most frequently observed abnormal imaging findings of the LPM in TMD. The
pathological changes of the LPM were associated with the main clinical symptoms of TMD. In patients with
symptomatic condyle hypermobility, the pathological changes of the LPM and related symptoms were associated
with the clinical symptoms of TMJs with disc in normal position. The imaging abnormalities of the LPM were
common in TMJs with disc displacements and seemed to be fewer in condyle hypomobility cases in TMJs with
anterior disc displacement with non-reduction (ADDnr). However, normal imaging of the LPM was also found in
TMJs with severe osteoarthritic changes and disc displacement.
The recognition of muscle alterations may lead to a more specific diagnosis and improve the
understanding
of the clinical symptoms and disease pathophysiology of TMD.
5
Alder, Emma K. "Temporomandibular Joint Disorder: An Investigation of Masseter Muscle Activity in Response to Stressful Computer Data Entry." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339772763.
Full text
6
Harris, Darren Samuel. "Traffic management alternatives for business improvement districts." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52255.
Full textAbstract:
When a vehicle enters an intersection with insufficient space to exit on the opposite side the
result is often the obstruction of pedestrians and other vehicles, this phenomenon is usually referred to as "blocking the box." The purpose of this study was to determine different characteristics of blocking that might be considered in determining the installment of a "Don't Block the Box" (DBTB) campaign. This study identified potentially problematic intersections in Atlanta, Georgia and collected information, such as the number of vehicles that block the intersection (box junction), the amount of green time with blocking, and the percentages in which approaches were blocked.
Based on the results it was found the characteristics of the number of blockers, percentage of green time with blocking, and the percentage of lost capacity are excellent indicators for a possible DBTB campaign. Organizations interested in potentially starting a DBTB should consider these characteristics part of the determination of suitability of DBTB for an intersection. Within this study is was found that the intersections of Peachtree Road & Highland Drive, Peachtree Road & Stratford Road, Peachtree Road & Lenox Mall Entrance, and 10th Street & Williams Street showed to be potential candidates for a DBTB campaign in Atlanta, Georgia. During the study period these intersections had high percentages of lost capacity, high number of blocks, and high percentages of green time with blocking.
In conjunction with the DBTB data analysis a "DBTB survey" was developed. The objective of this survey was to help gain a better understanding of the current trends in DBTB campaigns around the United States. The "DBTB Survey" received 75 responses from 415 organizations around the nation, a 18.1% response rate. Six (60%) of the ten participants that currently have a DBTB campaign found a sufficient level of improvement in traffic operations and 46 of the total respondents (60%) proclaimed that if DBTB campaigns were shown to be an economical alternative for traffic management they would consider starting one to help congestion and safety.
7
Jiang, Long. "TMT diversity, CEO procedural fairness, and TMT conflict." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3647.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.<br>Thesis research directed by: Business and Management. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
8
Silva, Álvaro Múcio Leite da [UNESP]. "Análise da intensidade e frequências dos ruídos articulares da articulação temporomandibular." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97068.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2007-12-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
silva_aml_me_guara.pdf: 1372198 bytes, checksum: 8bdab5df0828cfa6c6b83983a359c40b (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>O presente trabalho tem por objetivos, analisar a intensidade e freqüência dos ruídos articulares da articulação temporomandibular (A.T.M.) de indivíduos saudáveis e patológicos, auxiliar nos procedimentos clínicos e em futuras pesquisas. Para a análise dos sinais coletados foi desenvolvido um sistema para aquisição de dados, composto por um conjunto estetoscópio/microfone, equipamentos para condicionamento e aquisição de sinais e aplicativos computacionais para registro, análise e apresentação dos dados. A identificação das freqüências dominantes e o cálculo dos parâmetros considerados no domínio do tempo (valor médio, valor eficaz, desvio padrão e nível da pressão sonora – NPS) foram realizados por meio de programas computacionais específicos. Os resultados decorrentes dos cálculos e das observações em relação aos sinais obtidos, possibilitaram a determinação das faixas de freqüência, o nível da pressão sonora em decibéis (dB)* da população em estudo, além de proporcionar algumas diferenças entre os grupos patológicos e não-patológicos. Pode-se concluir que a presença da patologia influiu na amplitude dos sinais coletados, diferenciando dessa forma os casos patológicos dos não patológicos. Outra contribuição desse trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um exame não invasivo para as Disfunções das Articulações Temporomandibulares (D.T.Ms.)<br>This word has the objective of analyzing the amount and frequency of articular noise in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of both healthy and pathological individuals and aid in clinical procedures as well as in future researches. For the proposed analysis, a dada collecting system was developed comprising a stethoscope/microphone set, equipment for the signal conditioning and capturing, and computer software for data recording, analysis and presentation. The identification of dominating frequencies and the parameter calculation considered in the time period (average amount, efficient amount, linear fit, and sound pressure level) were performed through specific computer softwares. The results found through the calculations and observations in relation to the signals obtained made the determination of the frequency, the level of sound pressure (in dB) of the studied population possible besides differentiating the pathological and non-pathological groups. It can be concluded that the presence of the pathology influenced in the amplitude of the collected signals, differentiating of this form the pathological cases of the not pathological ones. Another contribution of this work was the development of a not invasive examination for the temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD)
9
Foley, Bryan Francis. "IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL GENETIC MARKERS OF FACIAL ASYMMETRY AND TMD IN ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY PATIENTS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/286577.
Full textAbstract:
Oral Biology<br>M.S.<br>Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are comorbid conditions. Most are related to anxiety-induced muscular pain, but some are associated with facial asymmetry resulting from condylar resorption (CR) or condylar hyperplasia (CH). The etiology of the most common forms of CH and CR are still unknown. CR can be caused by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or more commonly osteoarthritis (OA) of the TMJ, and inflammatory mediators have been previously implicated. Previous studies have identified pain/inflammatory genes related to chronic TMD while others have demonstrated potential genetic markers for RA. Similarly, genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified genes associated with height, some of which may participate in craniofacial growth, CH, and the development of asymmetry. Masseter muscle is frequently involved in TMD of muscular origin, and left/right fiber-type differences have been previously found in subjects with facial asymmetry. A human transcriptome microarray was used to evaluate whether genes involved with height, pain, or inflammation were differentially expressed in masseter muscle from facially asymmetric patients with and without TMD. This study evaluated orthognathic surgery patients with varying skeletal malocclusions, including subjects with and without facial asymmetry and TMD (n= 93). Masseter muscle samples were collected from ten orthognathic surgery patients treated to correct skeletal malocclusions. Two of whom were classified with facial asymmetry with or without TMD, with one of the two showing positive evidence of CR. Samples were disrupted in QIAzol Lysis Reagent, RNA was isolated using a Qiagen miRNeasy Mini Kit according to the manufacturer's instructions, and quality of the total RNA was tested by Agilent Bioanalyzer and Nanodrop spectrophotometry. Samples were used for quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and protocols for microarray analysis were conducted as described in the Ambion WT Expression Manual and the Affymetrix GeneChip Expression Analysis Technical Manual. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was completed to detect fold-changes for each transcript to determine differences in global gene expression between the two asymmetric and eight remaining subjects. To find differentially expressed transcripts step-up t-tests were performed to correct for false discovery rate (FDR) comparing the two asymmetric samples to the eight symmetric samples. Differences were considered significant if step-up p-values were ±2 between groups. This study evaluated 847 height-related genes and 551 genes associated in pain/inflammatory processes. Genes of interest were determined a priori from GWA studies and the Algynomics Pain Research Panel v.2.0 partially derived from the Orofacial Pain: Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment (OPPERA) study. Two hundred and eight transcripts of 847 height associated genes and 132 of 551 pain/inflammatory genes were significant for expression (P±2.0 fold differences in facial asymmetry and/or TMD specimens. Among genes specifically reported to be associated with pain/inflammation, NPY5R (+2.11 fold), GABRA6 (+2.14 fold), CACNA2D1 (-12.51 fold) and EREG (+2.12 fold) showed significantly different (P<0.001) expression levels in the two asymmetric versus the remaining eight symmetric patients. CACNA2D1 expression was significantly increased in symmetric male subjects versus symmetric females (P < 0.05) as well as in asymmetric females versus asymmetric males (P < 0.05). CACNA2D1 expression was also significantly increased in symmetric male subjects versus symmetric females (P <0.05) and was differentially expressed at lower levels, however not significantly, in asymmetric males (p = 0.51). Based on the results collected, the following conclusions were drawn. These methods provide a novel approach to study TMD and/or facial asymmetry in human subjects. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that significant expression variation in human height genes may contribute to facial asymmetry with or without TMD, possibly through decreased expression of CACNA2D1. These data suggest TMD patients with facial asymmetry associated with condylar resorption may show significant differential expression of certain inflammatory marker genes such as EREG and CACNA2D1. These data support that gender may play a key role in the development of TMD, possibly through increased CACNA2D1 expression providing protective effects in TMD-free males but deleterious effect in females with TMD. These results support previous findings of pain/inflammatory genes associated with TMD derived from muscular pain. Further studies are needed to understand the genetic contributions to TMD, which may play an important role in future clinical intervention.<br>Temple University--Theses
10
Bauerle, Erin Ruane. "ASSOCIATION OF MASSETER MUSCLE CACNA2D1, CACNA1S, GABARAP, AND TRPM7 GENE EXPRESSION IN TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/392863.
Full textAbstract:
Oral Biology<br>M.S.<br>A major physiological risk factor of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is sensitization of peripheral and central nervous system pain processing pathways. Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha-2/delta subunit-1 (CACNA2D1) has a crucial role in relaying nociceptive information in the spinal dorsal horn. Up-regulation of CACNA2D1 results in abnormal excitatory synapse formation and enhanced presynaptic excitatory neurotransmitter release. Blocking CACNA2D1 with gabapentinoid-class drugs relieves orofacial hypersensitivity. Drs. Foley, Horton, and Sciote previously reported that in a small sample group (n=12), CACNA2D1 expression was greater in males than females, but increased in women with TMD. The objectives of this study are to corroborate these data and investigate expression patterns of other ion channel and conducting system genes. Additionally, since the null polymorphism ACTN3-577XX associates with muscle fiber microdamage during eccentric contraction, we tested for possible gene associations with ACTN3-R577XX genotypes. Masseter muscle samples came from human subjects (n=23 male; 48 female) with malocclusions undergoing orthognathic surgery. This population had skeletal disharmony of the jaws and thus was prone to eccentric contraction. Three males and eighteen females were diagnosed with localized masticatory myalgia. Muscle total RNA was isolated and CACNA2D1, CACNA1S, GABARAP, and TRPM7 expression was quantified using RT-PCR. Expression of these genes were compared based on TMD status and various characteristics that may influence TMD including: sex, age, facial symmetry, sagittal dimension, vertical dimension, ACTN3-577 genotype and fiber type. CACNA2D1 expression differed significantly between sexes, overall (p<0.02), and without TMD (p=0.001). Women with (n=13) and without (n=23) TMD differed significantly (p<0.03). CACNA2D1 expression was also significantly higher (p=0.031) in subjects below age 25. Similarly, GABARAP expression was significantly higher (p=0.001) for patients younger than 25 and for patients less than or equal to age 18 (p=0.013). Otherwise, CACNA1S, TRPM7 and GABARAP differences were not significant. GABARAP expression differed, but not significantly by sex and for the ACTN3-577XX-null genotype. In a population of malocclusion patients, masseter muscle CACNA2D1 expression is significantly higher than CACNA1S, TRPM7, and GABARAP. CACNA2D1 expression is greater in males than females without TMD. However, CACNA2D1 expression increases significantly in females with TMD-associated myalgia. This may support evidence for calcium channel regulation of nociception differences seen between sexes in TMD. It was also found that expression of CACNA2D1 and GABARAP is significantly higher in younger subjects. Additionally, observations presented here suggest potential influence of ACTN3-null condition on function of GABARAP.<br>Temple University--Theses
11
Henne, Ingo [Verfasser]. "Schädigungsverhalten von Aluminiumgusslegierungen bei TMF und TMF/HCF-Beanspruchung / Ingo Henne." Aachen : Shaker, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1166513785/34.
Full text
12
Silva, Álvaro Múcio Leite da. "Análise da intensidade e frequências dos ruídos articulares da articulação temporomandibular /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97068.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Araildo Lima da Silva<br>Banca: Mauro Pedro Peres<br>Banca: Libório José Faria Júnior<br>Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivos, analisar a intensidade e freqüência dos ruídos articulares da articulação temporomandibular (A.T.M.) de indivíduos saudáveis e patológicos, auxiliar nos procedimentos clínicos e em futuras pesquisas. Para a análise dos sinais coletados foi desenvolvido um sistema para aquisição de dados, composto por um conjunto estetoscópio/microfone, equipamentos para condicionamento e aquisição de sinais e aplicativos computacionais para registro, análise e apresentação dos dados. A identificação das freqüências dominantes e o cálculo dos parâmetros considerados no domínio do tempo (valor médio, valor eficaz, desvio padrão e nível da pressão sonora - NPS) foram realizados por meio de programas computacionais específicos. Os resultados decorrentes dos cálculos e das observações em relação aos sinais obtidos, possibilitaram a determinação das faixas de freqüência, o nível da pressão sonora em decibéis (dB)* da população em estudo, além de proporcionar algumas diferenças entre os grupos patológicos e não-patológicos. Pode-se concluir que a presença da patologia influiu na amplitude dos sinais coletados, diferenciando dessa forma os casos patológicos dos não patológicos. Outra contribuição desse trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um exame não invasivo para as Disfunções das Articulações Temporomandibulares (D.T.Ms.)<br>Abstract: This word has the objective of analyzing the amount and frequency of articular noise in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of both healthy and pathological individuals and aid in clinical procedures as well as in future researches. For the proposed analysis, a dada collecting system was developed comprising a stethoscope/microphone set, equipment for the signal conditioning and capturing, and computer software for data recording, analysis and presentation. The identification of dominating frequencies and the parameter calculation considered in the time period (average amount, efficient amount, linear fit, and sound pressure level) were performed through specific computer softwares. The results found through the calculations and observations in relation to the signals obtained made the determination of the frequency, the level of sound pressure (in dB) of the studied population possible besides differentiating the pathological and non-pathological groups. It can be concluded that the presence of the pathology influenced in the amplitude of the collected signals, differentiating of this form the pathological cases of the not pathological ones. Another contribution of this work was the development of a not invasive examination for the temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD)<br>Mestre
13
Krämer, Michael. "Nanostrukturierung von TMR-Bauelementen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973383658.
Full text
14
Bungert, Andreas. "TMS combined with fMRI." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546548.
Full text
15
(UPC), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, and Trierweiller Ana Claudia Rocker. "Portugués ti2 - TR84 201801." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623624.
Full textAbstract:
El curso Portugués TI2 es el segundo contacto del estudiante del programa de Traducción e Interpretación con
la segunda lengua electiva que desarrolla las habilidades comunicativas y lingüísticas del estudiante a través de
temas cotidianos, de baja complejidad, acorde con el conocimiento del usuario de la lengua meta en este nivel.
Representa el segundo nivel para la adquisición del idioma portugués que le permitirá, a futuro, ser un mediador
lingüístico y cultural efectivo para abordar problemáticas, crear acuerdos e implementar soluciones de manera
inmediata en dicho idioma. La temática del curso gira en torno de asuntos relacionados a la vida cotidiana, los
cuales son abordados a través de un lenguaje básico y en un nivel incipiente de conocimiento del idioma.
El curso Portugués TI2 ha sido diseñado para que el estudiante desarrolle las cuatro habilidades requeridas en
este idioma: comprensión oral, comprensión de lectura, expresión oral y producción de textos, en el nivel A2
según el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas. Al trabajar con las competencias generales
UPC de Comunicación Oral, Comunicación Escrita, a un nivel 1 y con las competencias específicas de
Segundas Lenguas de la carrera, a un nivel 1, brinda al futuro traductor-intérprete una herramienta de
continuidad en la adquisición del idioma portugués para desarrollarse en su campo profesional con eficiencia. El
curso Portugués TI 2 tiene como prerrequisito el curso Portugués TI 1.
16
(UPC), Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, and Chih Te Chang. "Chino TI2 - TR215 201801." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623670.
Full textAbstract:
El curso de Chino TI 2 es una asignatura teórica-práctica que forma parte de los cursos que integran la línea de
Segundas Lenguas en la carrera de Traducción e Interpretación Profesional. El curso Chino 3, dirigido a los
estudiantes del cuarto ciclo, se centra en las competencias de comprensión de lectura, comprensión auditiva, el
dominio de la escritura de los caracteres chinos y la expresión oral. Además incluye y presenta a la cultura china
de manera que el estudiante entenderá el idioma chino y su sociedad de manera más integrada.
17
Del, Aguila Torres Cristina, Donald Temple Sandra Elsa Mac, Vasquez Rocio Eva Oré, Saenz Regina Carolina Terry, and Bravo Iriana Milagros Valdivia. "Inglés TI2 - TR02 201801." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623340.
Full textAbstract:
Inglés TI2 es un curso de especialidad centrado en aprendizaje por competencias con enfoque en necesidades
profesionales de un Traductor. El curso trabaja las habilidades de comprensión auditiva, producción oral, así
como habilidades de comprensión lectora y producción escrita en el idioma inglés al nivel B1 según Marco
Común Europeo de Referencias para Segundas Lenguas.
El traductor interprete es una persona clave en un mundo globalizado en el que el mercado económico mundial
se encuentra en crecimiento constante y necesita de una comunicación intercultural efectiva para abordar
problemáticas, crear acuerdos e implementar soluciones de manera inmediata. Esto hace al traductor-interprete
una persona clave para que su país se desarrolle de manera exitosa. Así, el curso busca brindar al futuro
traductor-interprete una herramienta fundamental para enfrentar los retos en su campo profesional con
eficiencia. El curso de Inglés TI2 desarrolla las competencias generales de comunicación oral y escrita y la
competencia específica de segundas lenguas todas al nivel 2 y tiene como prerrequisito el curso de de Ingles TI1
o haber rendido la Prueba de Definición de Nivel de Inglés (PDN) de la carrera.
18
Arrestegui, De La Fuente Kevin Igor, Lafitte Ivette Soto, and Hernandez Luis Alberto Valladares. "Francés TI2 - TR76 201801." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623360.
Full textAbstract:
El curso Francés TI2 valida el segundo nivel de dominio de la lengua francesa (nivel A2 del Marco Europeo de
Referencia de las Lenguas) que permite a futuros traductores e intérpretes profesionales comunicarse en
términos básicos en forma oral y escrita en francés para desempeñarse en situaciones cotidianas, teniendo una
base sólida para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa en francés a lo largo de su vida.
El curso de Francés TI2 desarrolla la competencia lingüística y cultural en francés a fin de favorecer el
crecimiento cognitivo, cultural y humano necesarios para futuros traductores e intérpretes profesionales y
propias de un usuario básico que comprende y utiliza expresiones cotidianas de uso muy frecuente a fin de
satisfacer necesidades de tipo inmediato. El curso tiene como prerrequisito haber superado el curso Francés TI1.
El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de las competencias generales de Comunicación Oral y Escrita y
la competencia específica de Segundas Lenguas, a un nivel 1.
19
Albrecht, Brian Keith. "A concise total synthesis of the TMC-95A and TMC-95B proteasome inhibitors." Access citation, abstract and download form; downloadable file 12.48 Mb, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131652.
Full text
20
Mendes, Andreia Gonçalves. "Abordagem terapêutica da patologia inflamatória da articulação temporomandibular." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/3793.
Full textAbstract:
Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária<br>A patologia inflamatória da articulação temporomandibular é uma das desordens intraarticulares mais comuns. Apesar de a sua etiologia ainda não estar bem explicada, sabe-se que um dos principais factores são os traumas (microtrauma e macrotrauma), e que estes levam à formação de processos inflamatórios nas superfícies articulares. O principal sintoma que acompanha estas desordens inflamatórias é a dor, e sendo esta o principal motivo da vinda do paciente às consultas, torna-se importante que o médico dentista conheça as abordagens necessárias para tratar esta patologia. Normalmente o tratamento das desordens temporomandibulares inflamatórias passa por uma abordagem multidisciplinar, farmacológica e com ajuda de tratamentos de fisioterapia. A maior parte destas patologias resolvem-se com tratamentos reversíveis e não-invasivos, tais como: medicação sistémica e local; terapia com laser de baixa intensidade, ultrassons, iontoforese e fonoforese. Com esta revisão bibliográfica pretende-se fornecer um conhecimento mais aprofundado sobre as patologias inflamatórias da ATM e a sua abordagem terapêutica.
The temporomandibular joint inflammation is one of the most common pathology within the intra-articular disorders. Although its etiology is not yet fully explained, it is known that the major factor is trauma (microtrauma and macrotrauma) causing the formation of inflammatory processes in the articular surfaces. The main symptom that accompanies these inflammatory disorders is pain leading the patient to find a dentist. Thus, it is important that dentists know the approaches needed to treat this disorder. Normally the treatment of inflammatory temporomandibular disorders involves a multidisciplinary approach, with the help of pharmacological and physical therapy treatments. Most of these pathologies are resolved with reversible and non-invasive treatments, such as systemic and local medication, low-level laser therapy, ultrasounds, iontophoresis and phonophoresis. This bibliographic review aims to provide a deeper understanding on the inflammatory pathologies of the TMJ and its therapeutic approach.
21
Muñoz, Bernardo Manuel Marcial. "Ampliación de producción de la unidad minera Chungar de 2000 TMD a 3000 TMD." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2006. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2006/munoz_bm/html/index-frames.html.
Full text
22
Chiang, Sonnig Sue Whei. "Th1/Th2 imbalance in schizophrenia." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-35074.
Full text
23
Ahmed, Omer Abdelrahim Sidig. "Relationship of TMD diagnosis and self-reported biopsychosocial status of patients attending the TMD clinic." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6638.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)<br>Background: This study aimed to investigate a possible relationship between the
diagnosis of TMD and biographical, psychological and social status of patients.
Materials and Method: All records of patients who attended the TMD clinic in the
Mitchells Plain Oral Health Centre in the period from January 2015 to July 2018, and
who were examined according to the DC/TMD protocol, were collected. All diagnostic
observations, as well as their biographical, psychological and social data were recorded.
Statistical analysis was performed by means of comparisons and association analysis
among data to evaluate if there were any statistically relevant associations or
differences.
24
Höwler, Marcel. "Präparation und Charakterisierung von TMR-Nanosäulen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-91946.
Full textAbstract:
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Nanostrukturierung von magnetischen Schichtsystemen mit Tunnelmagnetowiderstandseffekt (TMR-Effekt), welche in der Form von Nanosäulen in magnetoresistiven Speichern (MRAM) eingesetzt werden. Solche Nanosäulen können zukünftig ebenfalls als Nanoemitter von Mikrowellensignalen eine Rolle spielen. Dabei wird von der Auswahl eines geeigneten TMR-Schichtsystems mit einer MgO-Tunnelbarriere über die Präparation der Nanosäulen mit Seitenisolierung bis hin zum Aufbringen der elektrischen Zuleitungen eine komplette Prozesskette entwickelt und optimiert. Die Strukturen werden mittels optischer Lithographie und Elektronenstrahllithographie definiert, die anschließende Strukturübertragung erfolgt durch Ionenstrahlätzen (teilweise reaktiv) sowie durch Lift-off. Rückmeldung über Erfolg oder Probleme bei der Strukturierung geben Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (teilweise mit Zielpräparation per Ionenfeinstrahl, FIB), Rasterelektronenmikroskopie sowie die Lichtmikroskopie. Es können so TMR-Nanosäulen mit minimalen Abmessungen von bis zu 69 nm x 71 nm hergestellt werden, von denen Nanosäulen mit Abmessungen von 65 nm x 87 nm grundlegend magneto-elektrisch charakterisiert worden sind. Dies umfasst die Bestimmung des TMR-Effektes und des Widerstandes der Tunnelbarriere (RA-Produkt). Weiterhin wurde das Verhalten der magnetischen Schichten bei größeren Magnetfeldern bis +-200mT sowie das Umschaltverhalten der magnetisch freien Schicht bei verändertem Winkel zwischen magnetischer Vorzugsachse des TMR-Elementes und dem äußeren Magnetfeld untersucht. Der Nachweis des Spin-Transfer-Torque Effektes an den präparierten TMR-Nanosäulen ist im Rahmen dieser Arbeit nicht gelungen, was mit dem zu hohen elektrischen Widerstand der verwendeten Tunnelbarriere erklärt werden kann. Mit dünneren Barrieren konnte der Widerstand gesenkt werden, allerdings führt ein Stromfluss durch diese Barrieren schnell zur Degradation der Barrieren. Weiterführende Arbeiten sollten das Ziel haben, niederohmige und gleichzeitig elektrisch belastbare Tunnelbarrieren in einem entsprechenden TMR-Schichtsystem abzuscheiden. Eine erste Auswahl an Ansatzpunkten dafür aus der Literatur wird im Ausblick gegeben<br>This thesis deals with the fabrication of nanopillars with tunnel magnetoresistance effect (TMR-effect), which are used in magnetoresistive memory (MRAM) and may be used as nanooscillators for future near field communication devices. Starting with the selection of a suitable TMR-layer stack with MgO-tunnel barrier, the whole process chain covering the fabrication of the nanopillars, sidewall isolation and preparation of the supply lines on top is developed and optimised. The structures are defined by optical and electron beam lithography, the subsequent patterning is done by ion beam etching (partially reactive) and lift-off. Techniques providing feedback on the nanofabrication are transmission electron microscopy (partially with target preparation by focused ion beam, FIB), scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. In this way nanopillars with minimal dimensions reaching 69 nm x 71 nm could be fabricated, of which nanopillars with a size of 65 nm x 87 nm were characterized fundamentally with respect to their magnetic and electric properties. This covers the determination of the TMR-effect and the resistance of the tunnel barrier (RA-product). In addition, the behaviour of the magnetic layers under higher magnetic fields (up to +-200mT) and the switching behaviour of the free layer at different angles between the easy axis of the TMR-element and the external magnetic field were investigated. The spin transfer torque effect could not be detected in the fabricated nanopillars due to the high electrical resistance of the tunnel barriers which were used. The resistance could be lowered by using thinner barriers, but this led to a quick degradation of the barrier when a current was applied. Continuative work should focus on the preparation of tunnel barriers in an appropriate TMR-stack being low resistive and electrically robust at the same time. A first selection of concepts and ideas from the literature for this task is given in the outlook
25
Porubská, Jana. "Microstructure and properties of TMP papers." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33343.
Full textAbstract:
Paper is comprised of quasi-randomly distributed fibres, fines and different additives. The properties of paper depend on the type of fibres used, their uniformity of distribution, the amount and type of fines and fillers. It is difficult to predict how a particular component will behave in a mixture. This will depend on the form of material introduced (flocculated or dispersed) and on what kind of interactions will take place. These factors can be controlled by various wet-end strategies based on known colloidal behaviour of various additives. Thus, applying this knowledge to papermaking, one should be able to predict and control final structures of paper, which will be reflected in optical and mechanical properties.<br>A thorough understanding of the effects of different materials, such as fines and fillers, on optical and mechanical properties of paper can only be obtained from a systematic study. Therefore, this research focused on elucidating the relationship between the nature and amount of fines and fillers and paper properties. The studies were mainly limited to papers made from thermomechanical pulps (TMP), although occasionally comparisons with other pulps were made as well.
26
Kazak, Ilkay. "Th1-Th2-Zytokine bei entzündlicher Herzmuskelerkrankung." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2002/70/index.html.
Full text
27
Davies, John Q. "Functional characteristics of EGF-TM7 receptors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427874.
Full text
28
Höwler, Marcel. "Präparation und Charakterisierung von TMR-Nanosäulen." Doctoral thesis, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26102.
Full textAbstract:
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Nanostrukturierung von magnetischen Schichtsystemen mit Tunnelmagnetowiderstandseffekt (TMR-Effekt), welche in der Form von Nanosäulen in magnetoresistiven Speichern (MRAM) eingesetzt werden. Solche Nanosäulen können zukünftig ebenfalls als Nanoemitter von Mikrowellensignalen eine Rolle spielen. Dabei wird von der Auswahl eines geeigneten TMR-Schichtsystems mit einer MgO-Tunnelbarriere über die Präparation der Nanosäulen mit Seitenisolierung bis hin zum Aufbringen der elektrischen Zuleitungen eine komplette Prozesskette entwickelt und optimiert.
Die Strukturen werden mittels optischer Lithographie und Elektronenstrahllithographie definiert, die anschließende Strukturübertragung erfolgt durch Ionenstrahlätzen (teilweise reaktiv) sowie durch Lift-off. Rückmeldung über Erfolg oder Probleme bei der Strukturierung geben Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (teilweise mit Zielpräparation per Ionenfeinstrahl, FIB), Rasterelektronenmikroskopie sowie die Lichtmikroskopie.
Es können so TMR-Nanosäulen mit minimalen Abmessungen von bis zu 69 nm x 71 nm hergestellt werden, von denen Nanosäulen mit Abmessungen von 65 nm x 87 nm grundlegend magneto-elektrisch charakterisiert worden sind. Dies umfasst die Bestimmung des TMR-Effektes und des Widerstandes der Tunnelbarriere (RA-Produkt). Weiterhin wurde das Verhalten der magnetischen Schichten bei größeren Magnetfeldern bis +-200mT sowie das Umschaltverhalten der magnetisch freien Schicht bei verändertem Winkel zwischen magnetischer Vorzugsachse des TMR-Elementes und dem äußeren Magnetfeld untersucht. Der Nachweis des Spin-Transfer-Torque Effektes an den präparierten TMR-Nanosäulen ist im Rahmen dieser Arbeit nicht gelungen, was mit dem zu hohen elektrischen Widerstand der verwendeten Tunnelbarriere erklärt werden kann. Mit dünneren Barrieren konnte der Widerstand gesenkt werden, allerdings führt ein Stromfluss durch diese Barrieren schnell zur Degradation der Barrieren. Weiterführende Arbeiten sollten das Ziel haben, niederohmige und gleichzeitig elektrisch belastbare Tunnelbarrieren in einem entsprechenden TMR-Schichtsystem abzuscheiden. Eine erste Auswahl an Ansatzpunkten dafür aus der Literatur wird im Ausblick gegeben.:Einleitung
I Grundlagen
1 Spinelektronik und Magnetowiderstand
1.1 Der Elektronenspin – Grundlage des Magnetismus
1.2 Magnetoresistive Effekte
1.2.1 AnisotroperMagnetowiderstand
1.2.2 Riesenmagnetowiderstand
1.2.3 Tunnelmagnetowiderstand
1.3 Spin-Transfer-Torque
1.4 Anwendungen
1.4.1 Festplattenleseköpfe
1.4.2 Magnetoresistive Random AccessMemory (MRAM)
1.4.3 Nanooszillatoren für drahtlose Kommunikation
2 Grundlagen der Mikro- und Nanostrukturierung
2.1 Belacken
2.2 Belichten
2.2.1 Optische Lithographie
2.2.2 Elektronenstrahllithographie
2.3 Entwickeln
2.4 Strukturübertragung
2.4.1 Die Lift-off Technik
2.4.2 Ätzen
2.5 Entfernen der Lackmaske
2.6 Reinigung
2.6.1 Quellen von Verunreinigungen
2.6.2 Auswirkungen von Verunreinigungen
2.6.3 Entfernung von Verunreinigungen
2.6.4 Spülen und Trocknen der Probenoberfläche
3 Ionenstrahlätzen
3.1 Physikalisches Ätzen – Sputterätzen
3.2 Reaktives Ionenstrahlätzen – RIBE
3.3 Anlagentechnik
3.3.1 Parameter
3.3.2 Homogenität
3.3.3 Endpunktdetektion
II Ergebnisse und Diskussion
4 TMR-Schichtsysteme
4.1 Prinzipielle Schichtfolge
4.2 Verwendete TMR-Schichtsysteme
4.3 Rekristallisation von Kupfer
4.4 Formierung der TMR-Schichtsysteme
4.4.1 Antiferromagnetische Kopplung an PtMn
4.4.2 Rekristallisation an der MgO-Barriere
4.5 Anpassung der MgO-Schicht – TMR-Effekt und RA-Produkt
4.6 Magnetische Charakterisierung
5 Probendesign
5.1 Beschreibung der vier lithographischen Ebenen
5.2 Layout für statische und dynamischeMessungen
5.2.1 Geometrie
5.2.2 Anforderungen für die Hochfrequenzmessung
5.3 Layout für Zuverlässigkeitsmessungen
5.3.1 Geometrie
5.3.2 Voraussetzungen für die Funktion
5.4 Chiplayout
5.4.1 Zusatzstrukturen
5.4.2 Anordnung der Elemente
6 Fertigung eines Maskensatzes für die optische Lithographie
6.1 Vorbereitung desMaskenrohlings
6.2 Strukturierung mittels Elektronenstrahllithographie
6.3 Ätzen der Chromschicht
7 Ergebnisse und Diskussion der Probenpräparation
7.1 Definition der Grundelektrode
7.1.1 Freistellen der Grundelektrode
7.1.2 Gratfreiheit der Grundelektrode
7.1.3 Oberflächenqualität nach der Strukturierung
7.2 Präparation der magnetischen Nanosäulen
7.2.1 Aufbringen einer Ätzmaske
7.2.2 Ionenstrahlätzen der TMR-Nanosäule
7.2.3 Abmessungen der präparierten Nanosäulen
7.3 Vertikale Kontaktierung
7.3.1 Seitenwandisolation
7.3.2 Freilegen der Kontakte
7.3.3 Aufbringen der elektrischen Zuleitungen
7.4 Die komplette Prozesskette und Ausbeute
8 Magneto-elektrische Charakterisierung
8.1 Messung des Tunnelmagnetowiderstandes
8.2 Stabilität der magnetischen Konfiguration
8.3 Spin-Transfer-Torque an TMR-Nanosäulen
9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Literaturverzeichnis<br>This thesis deals with the fabrication of nanopillars with tunnel magnetoresistance effect (TMR-effect), which are used in magnetoresistive memory (MRAM) and may be used as nanooscillators for future near field communication devices. Starting with the selection of a suitable TMR-layer stack with MgO-tunnel barrier, the whole process chain covering the fabrication of the nanopillars, sidewall isolation and preparation of the supply lines on top is developed and optimised.
The structures are defined by optical and electron beam lithography, the subsequent patterning is done by ion beam etching (partially reactive) and lift-off. Techniques providing feedback on the nanofabrication are transmission electron microscopy (partially with target preparation by focused ion beam, FIB), scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy.
In this way nanopillars with minimal dimensions reaching 69 nm x 71 nm could be fabricated, of which nanopillars with a size of 65 nm x 87 nm were characterized fundamentally with respect to their magnetic and electric properties. This covers the determination of the TMR-effect and the resistance of the tunnel barrier (RA-product). In addition, the behaviour of the magnetic layers under higher magnetic fields (up to +-200mT) and the switching behaviour of the free layer at different angles between the easy axis of the TMR-element and the external magnetic field were investigated. The spin transfer torque effect could not be detected in the fabricated nanopillars due to the high electrical resistance of the tunnel barriers which were used. The resistance could be lowered by using thinner barriers, but this led to a quick degradation of the barrier when a current was applied. Continuative work should focus on the preparation of tunnel barriers in an appropriate TMR-stack being low resistive and electrically robust at the same time. A first selection of concepts and ideas from the literature for this task is given in the outlook.:Einleitung
I Grundlagen
1 Spinelektronik und Magnetowiderstand
1.1 Der Elektronenspin – Grundlage des Magnetismus
1.2 Magnetoresistive Effekte
1.2.1 AnisotroperMagnetowiderstand
1.2.2 Riesenmagnetowiderstand
1.2.3 Tunnelmagnetowiderstand
1.3 Spin-Transfer-Torque
1.4 Anwendungen
1.4.1 Festplattenleseköpfe
1.4.2 Magnetoresistive Random AccessMemory (MRAM)
1.4.3 Nanooszillatoren für drahtlose Kommunikation
2 Grundlagen der Mikro- und Nanostrukturierung
2.1 Belacken
2.2 Belichten
2.2.1 Optische Lithographie
2.2.2 Elektronenstrahllithographie
2.3 Entwickeln
2.4 Strukturübertragung
2.4.1 Die Lift-off Technik
2.4.2 Ätzen
2.5 Entfernen der Lackmaske
2.6 Reinigung
2.6.1 Quellen von Verunreinigungen
2.6.2 Auswirkungen von Verunreinigungen
2.6.3 Entfernung von Verunreinigungen
2.6.4 Spülen und Trocknen der Probenoberfläche
3 Ionenstrahlätzen
3.1 Physikalisches Ätzen – Sputterätzen
3.2 Reaktives Ionenstrahlätzen – RIBE
3.3 Anlagentechnik
3.3.1 Parameter
3.3.2 Homogenität
3.3.3 Endpunktdetektion
II Ergebnisse und Diskussion
4 TMR-Schichtsysteme
4.1 Prinzipielle Schichtfolge
4.2 Verwendete TMR-Schichtsysteme
4.3 Rekristallisation von Kupfer
4.4 Formierung der TMR-Schichtsysteme
4.4.1 Antiferromagnetische Kopplung an PtMn
4.4.2 Rekristallisation an der MgO-Barriere
4.5 Anpassung der MgO-Schicht – TMR-Effekt und RA-Produkt
4.6 Magnetische Charakterisierung
5 Probendesign
5.1 Beschreibung der vier lithographischen Ebenen
5.2 Layout für statische und dynamischeMessungen
5.2.1 Geometrie
5.2.2 Anforderungen für die Hochfrequenzmessung
5.3 Layout für Zuverlässigkeitsmessungen
5.3.1 Geometrie
5.3.2 Voraussetzungen für die Funktion
5.4 Chiplayout
5.4.1 Zusatzstrukturen
5.4.2 Anordnung der Elemente
6 Fertigung eines Maskensatzes für die optische Lithographie
6.1 Vorbereitung desMaskenrohlings
6.2 Strukturierung mittels Elektronenstrahllithographie
6.3 Ätzen der Chromschicht
7 Ergebnisse und Diskussion der Probenpräparation
7.1 Definition der Grundelektrode
7.1.1 Freistellen der Grundelektrode
7.1.2 Gratfreiheit der Grundelektrode
7.1.3 Oberflächenqualität nach der Strukturierung
7.2 Präparation der magnetischen Nanosäulen
7.2.1 Aufbringen einer Ätzmaske
7.2.2 Ionenstrahlätzen der TMR-Nanosäule
7.2.3 Abmessungen der präparierten Nanosäulen
7.3 Vertikale Kontaktierung
7.3.1 Seitenwandisolation
7.3.2 Freilegen der Kontakte
7.3.3 Aufbringen der elektrischen Zuleitungen
7.4 Die komplette Prozesskette und Ausbeute
8 Magneto-elektrische Charakterisierung
8.1 Messung des Tunnelmagnetowiderstandes
8.2 Stabilität der magnetischen Konfiguration
8.3 Spin-Transfer-Torque an TMR-Nanosäulen
9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Literaturverzeichnis
29
Touma, Johannes, and Simon Kasselia. "Konstruktion av upphängningsanordning till T22 provrigg." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar produktionsutveckling (ML), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276725.
Full textAbstract:
Detta examensarbete går ut på att konstruera en upphängningsanordning för en provrigg på Scania. Scania har i dagsläget ett flertal olika provriggar, en provrigg de har är T22. Syftet med detta arbete är att utveckla en fixtur som har egenskapen att stödja en tung växellåda så den utgående axeln på växellådan kan provas i provriggen T22. Metoden som används för denna utveckling består av flera moment där den första delen är att mäta nuvarande mått på växellådan och modellera en fixtur med hjälp av de mått som tagits i CAD-programmet CATIA. Därefter kan fixturen som konstruerats i CATIA sammanställas ihop med växellådan för att se om dimensionerna stämmer. När sammanställningen har genomförts kan mekaniska analyser utföras och sedan avslutas med tester. Resultatet av projektet blev en upphängningsanordning som monteras på Scanias växellådor som i sin tur kopplas ihop med provrigg T22. Scanias befintliga komponenter som lyftbalk och cirkulär konsol användes och kompletterades med armar som möjliggör att montera växellådan bakifrån i provrigg T22. Av det här resultatet kan vi dra slutsatsen att Scania kan montera fixturen på de allra flesta GW växellådorna och utföra mätningar via provriggen T22.<br>This thesis is about designing a suspension device for a test rig at Scania. Scania currently has several different test rigs, one test rig they have is T22. The purpose of this work is to develop a fixture that has the property of supporting a large gearbox so that the output shaft of the gearbox can be tested in the test rig T22. The method used for this development consists of several parts where the first part is to measure the current dimensions of the gearbox and then create a fixture in the CAD program CATIA V5 adapted to the dimensions taken before on the gearbox. Then the fixture constructed in CATIA V5 can be assembled with the gearbox to check if the dimensions are correct and fits together. Once the compilation has been completed, mechanical analyzes can be performed and then conclude with tests.The result of the project was a suspension device that is mounted on Scania's gearboxes which in turn are connected to test rig T22. Scania's existing components such as lifting beam and circular adapter were used and supplemented with arms that allow the gearbox to be mounted from behind in test rig T22.From this result we can conclude that Scania can mount the fixture on most GW gearboxes and perform measurements using the test rig T22.
30
Rezvani, Mahya. "Förekomsten av whiplashtrauma hos TMD patienter." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19719.
Full textAbstract:
Syfte Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva förekomst av whiplashtrauma hos TMD patienter. Metod En systematisk litteratursökning av PubMed, CochraneLibrary och Bandolier databaser genomfördes för artiklar publicerade från 1 januari 1966 till 11 november 2011. Den systematiska sökningen identifierade121 artiklar. Efter borttagning av brev till redaktion och författarinlägg, utfördes en initial screening av abstract på 108 artiklar. Efter den initiala screeningen lästes 32 artiklar i fulltext med tillämpning av inklusions- och exklusionskriterier. Två av författarna utvärderade den metodologiska kvaliteten på de inkluderade studierna. Resultat Sex studier mötte inklusionskriterierna och inkluderades i rapporten. Den rapporterade förekomsten av whiplashtrauma hos TMD populationerna varierade mellan 8,4 % och 70 % (median 35 %). Förekomst av whiplashtrauma hos kontrollgrupperna varierade mellan 1,7 % och 18 %. TMD patienter med historik av whiplashtrauma rapporterade gravare TMD symptom och mer smärta jämfört med TMD patienter utan nackskada.Konklusion Resultaten från denna litteraturöversikt visar en högre förekomst av whiplashtrauma hos TMD patienter vilket tyder på att whiplashtrauma kan vara en riskfaktor för TMD. Stora variationer sågs mellan de olika inkluderade studierna och i samtliga studier fanns också brister gällande diagnoskriterier. Sammantaget så gör dessa begränsningar det svårt att bedöma traumaförekomst hos TMD patienter och i vilken utsträckning whiplashskada kan bidra till utvecklingen av TMD. Fler väldesignade studier som använder tydligt definierade diagnostiska kriterier med hög reliabilitet och validitet som t.ex RDC/TMD behövs för att kunna dra en säkrare slutsats om TMD vid whiplashtrauma.<br>Aim The aim ofthis systemic literature review was to describe the prevalence of whiplash trauma in TMD populations. Method A systemic literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Bandolier databases was carried out for articles published from 1 January 1966 to 11 November 2011. This systemic search identified 121 articles. After exclusion of letters to editor and author replies, an initial screening of the abstracts of 108 articles was carried out. After the initial screening 32 articles were read in full text applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two of the authors evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies. Result Six studies matched the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The reported prevalence of whiplash trauma in the TMD populations varied from 8.4% to 70% (median 35%). The prevalence of whiplash trauma in the control groups varied from1.7% to 18%.TMD patients with a history of whiplash trauma reported more TMD symptom and more pain compared to TMD patient without a neck injury.Conclusion The results from this literature review show a higher prevalence of whiplash trauma in TMD patients which indicate that whiplash trauma could be risk factor for TMD. A large variation could be seen between the included studies and there were also weaknesses with regard to the diagnostic criteria. In summery we suggest that these limitations make it difficult to assess the prevalence of neck trauma in TMD patients and to which extent a whiplash injury can contribute to the development of TMD. More well designed studies using the RDC/TMD criteria and well-defined criteria with high reliability and validity for whiplash trauma are needed in order to make a more reliable conclusion.
31
Rao, Venkata Lakshmi Prakruthi. "Epigenetic Reprogramming at the Th2 Locus." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1543838686940608.
Full text
32
Sosnová, Pavla. "Strategická analýza podniku TMT CZECH, a.s." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17229.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis targets the elaboration of external and internal analyses of the company TMT CZECH. I stress out the trends in society and the precise survey of direct competitive surrounding in external analysis. I focus on the key factors that indicate conditions in the company and the quality of offered services. According to realized outcomes, I identify present company strategies, suggest the possible changes and evaluate the attainability of company's goals.
33
Baldú, Fernando, Carlos Fuentes, Ronaldo Galleguillos, and Mario Lagos. "TMC Consultores Ltda.: plan de negocios." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113827.
Full textAbstract:
Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Administración<br>Las pequeñas y medianas empresas chilenas, cuenta con ventajas comparativas en la producción de bienes y servicios y no quieren perder la oportunidad de ver aumentada sus ventas y de mitigar el riesgo de eventuales crisis económicas al diversificar los envíos a diferentes países. Los tratados de libre comercio que nuestro país ha suscrito, son el antecedente más concreto de esta carrera por ganar mercados. Sin embargo, las exigencias de los tratados y la de los países de destino las conmina a efectuar una serie de cambios a sus procesos a fin de poder insertarse exitosamente. Dichas optimizaciones a su cadena de valor dicen relación a aspectos; financieros, marketing, normas de calidad e incorporación de tecnologías de información que les permita competir internacionalmente y desarrollar un negocio fructífero y rentable cuyo fin es consolidar una relación de largo plazo con sus clientes extranjeros.
En este escenario, TMC es una empresa de consultaría que a través de un servicio excepcional ofrece a sus clientes concretar la posibilidad de exportar y aumentar las ventas. Queremos ser reconocidos como una empresa líder, que permite a todos nuestros clientes ingresar a mercados internacionales aumentando las ventas y su margen de contribución por medio del mejoramiento continuo de los procesos internos. Nuestros clientes son empresas o agrupaciones con facturación anual sobre las 15.000 UF, provenientes de los sectores industriales: alimentos, productos de madera, Agrícolas, silvícola y ganadería.
El precio de la consultoría, considera fundamentalmente una estructura de comisiones la cual está dada en función del aumento efectivo en las ventas el cual debe ser de al menos un 10%. De esta forma sólo si el cliente obtiene éxito, TMC logrará beneficios. Para finales del año 2, nuestra empresa planea tener 9 clientes, llegando para el año 5 tener hasta 15.
Dado que los socios consultores actualmente tienen obligaciones laborales en sus actuales trabajos y no requieren de mayores sumas de capital para invertir, se ha definido un plan de implementación que considera inversiones programadas y retiro de los socios en forma metódica de sus actuales empleos toda vez que los ingresos percibidos por TMC representen un costo de oportunidad mayor al que actualmente tienen en sus empleos.
Nuestra empresa confía que con inversión aportada a través de horas hombres mediante el esfuerzo de sus socios, logrará un valor de mercado al término del quinto año de 256 millones de pesos, con un punto de equilibrio operativo de 4 consultarías en plena producción. Se espera que los primeros ingresos sean para el doceavo mes.
Los riesgos asociados al proyecto son: riesgos operacionales, por el no cumplimiento del aumento en las ventas con los consecuentes menores ingresos para nuestra compañía y riesgos de mercado que significaría el eventual ingresos de competidores a los mismos nichos de TMC.
TMC, se constituirá como sociedad limitada, en que cada socio realizará su aporte en horas hombre lo que se traducirá en el capital aportado por cada uno. Adicionalmente se confeccionó un plan de transición que considera el retiro programado de los socios de sus actuales trabajos para integrarse plenamente a sus funciones en la empresa
34
Bock, Cristin Nadine [Verfasser]. "Identification and characterization of murine and human Th2/1 hybrid cells in Th2-driven diseases / Cristin Nadine Bock." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1199343862/34.
Full text
35
Kinyanjui, Margaret. "Targeting Th2 transcription factors in experimental asthma." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18717.
Full textAbstract:
Antigen specific CD4+ T cells adoptively transfer airway inflammation comprised mainly of lymphocytes and eosinophils. The ability of these transferred T cells to induce inflammation is dependent on the cytokines they express particularly Th2 cytokines. In order to better understand the mechanism by which adoptively transferred T cells induce airway inflammation, we chose to modulate the expression (GATA-3) and activity (STAT-6) of two key regulators of Th2 cytokine production. To modify expression of GATA-3, we used a bicistronic retroviral vector encoding GATA-3 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). As a control, we used a retrovector encoding EGFP alone. By coupling in vitro antigen stimulation with retroviral transduction we generated antigen specific CD4+ T cells expressing EGFP alone or GATA-3 and EGFP. When transferred into naïve recipients that were subsequently challenged, these transduced CD4+ T cells induced lung inflammatory responses with an increase in both CD4+ lymphocytes and eosinophils. This antigen specific inflammatory response was enhanced in animals receiving T cells overexpressing GATA-3. Analysis of the infiltrating cells also revealed that the EGFP+ T cells were present in the lung following antigen challenge, comprising only a small fraction of the CD4+ T cells recruited to the lung during the antigen response. Thus, GATA-3 amplifies antigen-specific inflammatory responses in the airways by augmenting the ability of antigen specific T cells to recruit inflammatory cells to the lung following antigen challenge. To modify the activity of STAT-6 we used chimeric cell penetrating peptides containing a poly-arginine protein transduction domain (PTD) coupled to a sequence predicted to bind and inhibit STAT-6 activity (SIP-1). Using fluorescein-tagged SIP-1, we demonstrate that the poly-arginine PTD efficiently translocates to the cytoplasm within an hour. In vitro, antigen-induced IL-4 production was inhibited in SIP-1-treated spleno<br>Les cellules CD4+ T à antigènes spécifiques transfèrent par adoption l'inflammation pulmonaire constituées principalement de lymphocytes et d'éosinophiles. L'habileté de celles-ci à transférer des cellules T pour induire l'inflammation est dépendante de leur expression de cytokines Th2. De manière à mieux comprendre le mécanisme par lequel les cellules T transmises par adoption induisent l'inflammation pulmonaire, nous avons choisi de moduler l'expression de GATA-3) ou l'activité de (STAT-6) des deux régulateurs-clés de production de cytokine Th2. Afin de modifier l'expression de GATA-3 dans les cellules T destinées au transfert par adoption, nous avons utilisé un rétrovirus recombinant concentré avec une filtration par centrifugeuse. Ce procédé a dramatiquement augmenté leurs titres et ainsi leur habileté à transduire les cellules CD4+ T en culture primaire. Nous avons utilisé un rétrovirus recombinant qui encode la GATA-3 et / ou la protéine fluorescente verte (EGFP). En couplant in vitro la stimulation d'antigènes avec la transduction par vecteur viral, nous avons généré des cellules CD4+ T à antigènes spécifiques exprimant de l'EGFP seul ou bien de la GATA-3 et de l'EGFP. Lorsque transféré dans un rat qui avait subséquemment été provoqué avec des antigènes, ces cellules CD4+ T induisent une réaction aux inflammations pulmonaires avec une augmentation des lymphocytes et éosinophiles. Cette réaction inflammatoire fut accrue chez les animaux recevant les cellules T surexprimant la GATA-3. L'analyse des cellules infiltrantes a aussi révélé que bien que les cellules EGFP+ étaient présentes dans les poumons suivant la provocation par antigènes, elles étaient constituées seulement d'une petite fraction de cellules CD4+ T recrutées dans les poumons. Ainsi, la GATA-3 amplifie la réaction inflammatoire des poumons induite par antigènes en augmentant l'habileté des cellules T à antigènes spécifiques à recruter
36
Nebbe, Brian. "Adolescent facial morphology and TMJ internal derangement." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/NQ29085.pdf.
Full text
37
Du, Huaijing. "Multivariable predictive control of a TMP plant." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0011/NQ34520.pdf.
Full text
38
Stock, Philippe [Verfasser]. "Immunregulation bei Th2 gerichteten Erkrankungen / Philippe Stock." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/102349468X/34.
Full text
39
Aguiar, Ayrton Carvalho. "TMN : uma metodologia para modelos de informação." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259776.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Rege Scarabucci, Hermano Tavares<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T18:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Aguiar_AyrtonCarvalho_M.pdf: 5166781 bytes, checksum: 4b02ea0b39d0f4c9419d40b1b8581391 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1997<br>Resumo: Este trabalho foi fruto de uma cooperação entre a Embratel e a Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação da Unicamp. No primeiro semestre de 1995 o setor de Telefonia da Embratel-São Paulo, mais especificamente o responsável pela área de Comutação, estava começando a implantar um Centro de Supervisão das centrais trânsito da cidade de São Paulo. Havia o interesse da empresa em desenvolver um trabalho de pesquisa em conjunto com a universidade, tendo como assunto um tema ligado a este Centro de Supervisão. Nesta época, a Embratel já havia dado início ao processo de licitação de sua TMN. Numa primeira etapa, as quatro centrais trânsito digitais da cidade de São Paulo, nos bairros de Morumbi, Penha, Lapa e Bela Vista tiveram seus terminais de operação e manutenção duplicados e centralizados no Centro de Supervisão na sede da empresa. Ou seja, este centro passou a receber as mesmas informações que as equipes de operação alocadas nas centrais, além também de poder enviar comandos para cada uma delas. A etapa seguinte consistiu na implementação de um banco de dados e uma rede de gerência. Os terminais PC, que antes eram dedicados a cada uma das centrais, passaram a ser ligados em rede, o que possibilitou o acesso às centrais de qualquer computador que estivesse conectado a esta rede. Com o banco de dados, começaram a se estabelecer rotinas de software que acionavam alarmes face à ocorrência de determinadas mensagens de falha ou outros eventos importantes. A experiência proporcionada por este ambiente deixou muito clara a importância da gerência e seus problemas intrínsecos, como a interoperabilidade e a dificuldade em centralizar informações. Era de se esperar assim que este trabalho resultasse em um tema ligado aos problemas de gerência e à TMN. Os capítulos seguintes, de certa forma, ordenam o caminho seguido para a realização do trabalho. Esta seqüência estabelecida representa quase um guia de auto-aprendizado sobre TMN e Modelos de Informação. A TMN não é fruto de idéias mirabolantes ou meras concepções teóricas, existem razões práticas, para que o ITU esteja investindo tanto tempo e dinheiro nela. A ausência de uma bibliografia em português voltada para o ambiente de Telecomunicações, em muito contribuiu para uma certa falta de clareza dos objetivos de uma TMN.
Apesar da extensa quantidade de normas publicadas pelo ITU, esta documentação é muito confusa e às vezes permite interpretações ambíguas. Por ser muito genérica, realizar muitas referências cruzadas e nem sempre ter sido originada para e pelo ambiente de Telecomunicações, sua leitura não é das mais simples. Muitas das idéias da TMN estão mais ligadas à Informática do que às Telecomunicações, ou pelo menos, sempre foram mais importantes neste primeiro ambiente. E agora, mais do que nunca, o profissional de Telecomunicações terá que se aproximar de idéias como Banco de Dados Centralizado, Orientação Objeto, Modelo de Informação e protocolos de gerência. O profissional de telecomunicações, responsável pela operação da rede, não precisa ser especialista nestes temas, porém deve conhece-los o suficiente a ponto de ser capaz de especificar e/ou discutir as necessidades de gerência do equipamento. Só desta forma um Sistema de Gerência pode ser implantado de forma eficaz, pois dificilmente haverá outro profissional que conheça melhor o equipamento e suas necessidades de gerência. As normas do ITU ligadas à TMN e utilizadas no presente trabalho são por demais genéricas e um dos objetivos do trabalho é exemplificar e interpretar alguns de seus pontos, sempre procurando abordar aspectos práticos. No ambiente de operação, muito cedo percebe-se a importância das mensagens de falhas do equipamento. Em parte por esta razão, e também por ser a gerência mais madura em termos de recomendações do ITU, foi dada maior atenção à Gerência de Falhas e Alarmes<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
40
Vallabh, Sushmitha. "Targeted Epigenetic Suppression of Th2 Cytokines Expression." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1505131225205869.
Full text
41
Pitcher, D. J. "TMS studies of the occipital face area." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446317/.
Full textAbstract:
Considerable evidence suggests that the visual system processes faces differently from other objects. Neuroimaging techniques have been utilized to identify face selective cortical areas such as the fusiform face area (FFA), the superior temporal sulcus (STS), and the occipital face area (OFA) and to further link these areas together in a specialised and distributed cortical face network. Of these three areas the OFA is the least studied and the least understood. To better understand the neural operations of the OFA and its role in the larger face network I have used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to disrupt normal functioning in the area. This approach to study the role of OFA first required demonstration that the area was capable of being targeted with TMS and furthermore that any induced disruption was face- selective. Having established this I further demonstrated the spatial and temporal precision with which TMS is capable of disrupting the OFA. In a second series of TMS experiments the role of the OFA in the discrimination of facial expressions was demonstrated. This finding was further enhanced by demonstrating that another functionally distinct cortical area, the right somatosensory cortex, is also involved in facial expression discrimination. In the final series of experiments I further demonstrated the face selectivity of the OFA by targeting the area with TMS during discrimination tasks involving faces, objects and human bodies. TMS was shown to impair face processing only when targeting the OFA. In conclusion my PhD has demonstrated the importance of the OFA in the processing of both face parts and facial expressions and has furthermore suggested at what stage of the face processing stream this occurs.
42
Hermsen, Anke Maria [Verfasser], and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwarting. "Transkranielle Magnetstimulation (TMS) - Einflussfaktoren auf die kortikale Erregbarkeit und Retest-Reliabilität der TMS / Anke Maria Hermsen. Betreuer: Rainer Schwarting." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1073247511/34.
Full text
43
Crosbie, Elaine. "Alkali-metal-mediated alumination : development of bis-TMP chemistry of [(THF)AM(TMP)₂Al(iBu)₂] with emphasis on lithium." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22543.
Full textAbstract:
Deprotonation, the exchange of an inert carbon-hydrogen bond for a more chemically useful carbon-metal bond, has long been one of the methods of choice for constructing substituted aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. Organolithium reagents have been the standard for this purpose for many years; however, their many limitations mean that new reagents for deprotonative metallation are sought. Alkali-Metal-Mediated Metallation (AMMM) was developed as an alternative vehicle to functionalising a plethora of substrates. This project focuses on the synergic alumination chemistry generated by combining lithium amide LiTMP with low polarity aluminium reagent exhibiting the reaction concept of Alkali-Metal-Mediated Alumination (AMMAl). AMMAl reactions of lithium bis-TMP aluminate [(THF)Li(TMP)Deprotonation, the exchange of an inert carbon-hydrogen bond for a more chemically useful carbon-metal bond, has long been one of the methods of choice for constructing substituted aroma tic and heteroaromatic compounds. Organolithium reagents have been the standard for this purpose for many years; however, their many limitations mean that new reagents for deprotonative metallation are sought. Alkali-Metal-Mediated Metallation (AMMM) was developed as an alternative vehicle to functionalising a plethora of substrates. This project focuses on the synergic alumination chemistry generated by combining lithium amide LiTMP with low polarity aluminium reagent iBu2AlTMP exhibiting the reaction concept of Alkali-Metal-Mediated Alumination (AMMAl). AMMAl reactions of lithium bis-TMP aluminate [(THF)Li(TMP)2Al(iBu)2] were explored to learn more about the reactivity of this bis-amido base. Several functionalised aromatic substrates including anisole and N,N-diisopropylbenzamide were effectively ortho-aluminated in hexane solution at ambient temperature and quenched with iodine to generate the corresponding metal-free products in excellent yield. DFT calculations and DOSY NMR experiments were conducted to elucidate a possible structure for the base as it could not be isolated. A mechanism was proposed showing an open-structure with a pseudo-terminal TMP. This allowed a rationale for the intramolecular reactivity observed with a series of donor molecules including THF which could be deprotonated and the resulting anion trapped without ring opening. Several key differences were observed between our bis-amido base [Li(TMP)2Al(iBu)2] and Uchiyama's mono-amido base [Li(TMP)Al(iBu)3]. THF was deprotonated and its anion captured with the former; whereas the latter was found to be more stable in THF solution. Other donor molecules such as 1-methoxy-2-dimethylaminoethane (MDAE) and bis-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]ether (Me4AEE) were deprotonated with the bis-amido base; whereas they were found to merely solvate lithium when the mono-amido base was employed. An investigation into the mono-amido base in THF solution revealed some interesting facts concluding us to believe that this base disproportionates to give our mono-amido base in THF solution.
44
Xiao, Yanping. "APRIL (TNFSF13) in Th1, Th2 and Th17 Responses." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/335.
Full textAbstract:
The T cell function of a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL or TNFSF13) remains unclear. By comparing APRIL-/- mice with wild type (WT) mice, we have investigated the roles of APRIL in Th1, Th2 and Th17 responses. With regard to APRIL in Th1 responses, cultured APRIL-/- CD4+ T cells showed increased IFN-gamma production under non-polarizing, but not under Th1 polarizing, conditions. No difference in antigen-specific IgG2a levels existed between APRIL-/- and WT mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) which induces Th1 polarization. Our data indicate that APRIL represses Th1 responses only under non-polarizing conditions. As for APRIL in Th2 responses, cultured APRIL-/- CD4+ T cells exhibited enhanced Th2 cytokine production under non-polarizing conditions, and augmented IL-13 production under Th2 polarizing conditions. Upon immunization with OVA and aluminum potassium sulfate (alum) which induces Th2 polarization, APRIL-/- mice responded with an increased antigen-specific IgG1 response. In the OVA-induced allergic lung inflammation model which is mediated by Th2 responses, APRIL-/- mice had significantly aggravated allergic lung inflammation. Accordingly, a decoy receptor-Ig fusion protein, TACI-Ig, treatment to block APRIL in WT mice enhanced allergic lung inflammation. In agreement with the role of APRIL in CD4+ T cells, the transfer of APRIL sufficient, OVA-specific, TCR transgenic CD4+ T (OT-II) cells to APRIL-/- mice restored the suppressive effect of APRIL on allergic lung inflammation. Mechanistically, the expression of c-maf, the IL-4 gene transcription factor, was markedly enhanced in APRIL-/- CD4+ T cells under non-polarizing and Th2 polarizing conditions. Our data suggest that APRIL inhibits Th2 responses and allergic lung inflammation by suppressing IL-4 production in CD4+ T cells via diminished c-maf expression, and by suppressing IL-13 production in CD4+ T cells via an IL-4 independent, IL-13 specific pathway. Regarding APRIL in Th17 responses, the incidence of Th17-mediated collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in APRIL-/- mice was reduced, in parallel with diminished levels of antigen-specific IgG2a autoantibody and IL-17 production. Our data indicate that APRIL promotes IL-17 production, and that APRIL-triggered signals contribute to arthritis. Our data clearly show that APRIL is important in T cell immunity, inhibitory in Th2 responses and costimulatory in Th17 responses.
45
Kaiser, Markus. "Synthese von TMC-95A-verwandten Strukturklassen als Proteasominhibitoren." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96753271X.
Full text
46
Williams, Gregory R. "Polymer fibre-reinforced thermomechanical pulp (TMP) based papers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0015/NQ45705.pdf.
Full text
47
Pearson, Joanne. "The pathological role of Th2 cytokines in artherosclerosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419321.
Full text
48
Liddiard, Kate. "Macrophage Th2 cytokine-indiced gene expression in atherosclerosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289266.
Full text
49
Wan, Zakaria Wan Nurshazwani. "Force-controlled Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) robotic system." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1517.
Full textAbstract:
The use of robots to assist neurologists in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has the potential to improve the long term outcome of brain stimulation. Although extensive research has been carried out on TMS robotic system, no single study exists which adequately take into account the control of interaction of contact force between the robot and subject’s head. Thus, the introduction of force feedback control is considered as a desirable feature, and is particularly important when using an autonomous robot manipulator. In this study, a force-controlled TMS robotic system has been developed, which consists of a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) articulated robot arm, a force/torque sensor system to measure contact force and real-time PC based control system. A variant of the external force control scheme was successfully implemented to carry out the simultaneous force and position control in real-time. A number of engineering challenges are addressed to develop a viable system for TMS application; simultaneous real-time force and position tracking on subject’s head, unknown/varies environment stiffness and motion compensation to counter the force-controlled instability problems, and safe automated robotic system. Simulation of a single axis force-controlled robotic system has been carried out, which includes a task of maintaining contact on simulated subject’s head. The results provide a good agreement with parallel experimental tests, which leads to further improvement to the robot force control. An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Force Controller has been developed to provide stable and robust force control on unknown environment stiffness and motion. The potential of the proposed method has been further illustrated and verified through a comprehensive series of experiments. This work also lays important foundations for long term related research, particularly in the development of real-time medical robotic system and new techniques of force control mainly for human-robot interaction. KEY WORDS: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Robotic System, Real-time System, External Force Control Scheme, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Force Controller
50
Schulz, Kerstin Ingrid. "Modulation of Th1 and Th2 type immune responses." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390690.
Full text