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Trieu Anh, Tuan, Viet Nguyen Xuan, and Binh Thai Thanh. "Combined effects of the farming methods and density on the survival rate, growth, yield, and economic efficiency of otter clam (Lutraria rhynchaena) in Van Don, Quang Ninh Province." Journal of Science Natural Science 66, no. 4F (November 2021): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2021-0062.
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of farming methods and density on the survival rate, growth, yeild and economic efficency of commercial otter clam in the sea waters of Van Don, Quang Ninh. The otter clams with an initial length of 18,36 mm and an average body weight of 4,12 g were used in this study. Two farming methods were arranged: cage culture (basket) hanging on the raft (including experiments TN1, TN2, TN3 and TN4) and cage culture placed on tidal flats (including experiments TN5, TN6, TN7 and TN8). For each culture, there were 4 formulas for stocking density of 25 individuals\cage (100 individuals\m2) (TN1, TN5), 35 individuals\cage (140 individuals\m2) (TN2, TN6); 45 individuals\cage (180 individuals\m2) (TN3, TN7); and 55 individuals\cage (220 individuals\m2) (TN4, TN8). Each treatment was triplicate and lasted for 12 months, the results showed that the density and farming methods had different effects on growth, survival rate and yield of commercial otter clam. The weight of the commercial otter clam ranged from 28,76 to 41,74 g\individual, the length varied from 51,17 to 72,69 mm\individual, and the survival rate fluctuated from 57,4 to 78,3%. The highest growth was recorded in the TN1 with density of 25 individuals\cage, the difference between treatments was statistically significant (p≤ 0.05). The average yield of commercial otter clam increased with the increase of stocking density, ranging from 21,7 to 38,3 tons\ha, the difference was statistically significant (p≤ 0,05). However, economic accounting showed that the economic efficiency was highest in TN2, the ottet clams were arranged in the cage hanging on rafts and stocking at a density of 35 individuals\cage (140 individuals\m2). In this experiment, the average growth in weight was 38,91 g\individual and in length was 68,47 mm\individual, the survival rate was 76,4%, and the yield was 32,9 tons\ha the economic profit reached 0,883 billion of Vietnam Dong and the profit rate reached 28,1, respectively. Based on these research results, it could be recommended to farmers to stock the otter clam with a density of 35 individuals\cage.
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Astawan, Made. "Pengaruh Konsumsi Tempe dari Kedelai Germinasi dan Non-Germinasi Terhadap Profil Darah Tikus Diabetes." JURNAL PANGAN 28, no. 2 (November 28, 2019): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33964/jp.v28i2.439.
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Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan gangguan metabolik akibat kurangnya produksi insulin atau tubuh tidak dapat menggunakan insulin secara efektif. Tempe memiliki efek hipoglikemik yang dapat memperbaiki fungsi sel pankreas. Germinasi kedelai dapat meningkatkan komponen bioaktif yang dapat mencegah penyakit DM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi ransum tepung tempe dari kedelai germinasi (TKG) dan tepung tempe dari kedelai non-germinasi (TNG) terhadap profil darah tikus DM. Profil darah yang diamati meliputi kadar glukosa darah, analisis hematologi (hemoglobin, leukosit, eritrosit, hematokrit, dan trombosit), serta analisis biokimia serum (kolesterol, trigliserida, LDL, HDL, dan albumin). Kelompok tikus DM yang mengonsumsi ransum TNG dan TKG selama 32 hari memiliki penurunan kadar glukosa darah yang lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok tikus DM yang mengonsumsi kasein (kontrol positif). Tikus kelompok TKG memiliki kadar hemoglobin sebesar 14,1 g/dL, hematokrit 37,3 persen, dan eritrosit 7,9 juta/mm3 yang mendekati nilai pada tikus normal (kontrol negatif), yaitu masing-masing sebesar 13,4 g/dL, 34,6 persen dan 7,6 juta/mm3. Tikus kelompok TKG memiliki kadar trigliserida (64,0 mg/dL) yang lebih rendah dari tikus kelompok TNG (89,4 mg/dL). Kadar LDL tikus dari kelompok TKG (9,2 mg/dL) tidak berbeda secara nyata (p>0,05) dengan kelompok kontrol negatif (3,4 mg/dL). Konsumsi TNG dan TKG tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap parameter leukosit, trombosit, kolesterol, dan HDL tikus diabetes.
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Gascho, J. A., C. Fanelli, A. Sumner, and R. Zelis. "Effects of posture on the venodilatory response to nitroglycerin." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 2585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.6.2585.
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To determine the effects of posture on the venodilatory response to nitroglycerin (TNG), the change in forearm venous volume after inflation of an upper arm cuff to 30 mmHg above cuff zero (VV[30]) was measured during control conditions and after TNG (0.8 mg spray) in 18 healthy young volunteers in the supine position and the sitting position. VV[30] was 3.24 +/- 0.98 ml/100 ml arm in the supine position and 2.46 +/- 1.32 ml/100 ml arm in the sitting position. TNG increased VV[30] by 0.56 +/- 0.19 ml/100 ml arm in supine subjects, but by only 0.38 +/- 0.17 ml/100 ml arm in sitting subjects (P = 0.013). When limb volume was measured in the forearm and calf without using a cuff to produce venous congestion, the increase in limb volume with TNG was significantly greater in the sitting than in the supine position. Because the fall in both systolic and diastolic pressure and the rise in heart rate were significantly greater after TNG was administered in the sitting position, it is suggested that a greater reflex venoconstriction occurred in this posture, which antagonized the TNG-induced increase in venous distensibility. In the seated position, the effect of gravity more than compensated for the impaired venodilatory response to TNG. These results suggest that TNG causes a greater reduction in venous return to the heart when administered in the sitting position than in the supine position.
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Kim, Hyun-Hee, Teddy G. Goetz, Victoria Grieve, and Alex S. Keuroghlian. "Psychopharmacological Considerations for Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy." Harvard Review of Psychiatry 31, no. 4 (July 2023): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hrp.0000000000000373.
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Abstract The field of transgender health has grown exponentially since the early 2010s. While this increased visibility has not been without controversy, there is growing acknowledgement of the needs of transgender, nonbinary, and gender expansive (TNG) patients and the health disparities they experience compared to the cisgender population. There is also increased interest among clinicians and trainees in providing gender-affirming care in all medical specialties. This is particularly relevant in psychiatry as mental health disparities in TNG patients have been well-documented. TNG patients experience significant minority stress and higher rates of psychiatric illness, self-harm, suicidality, and psychiatric hospitalization compared to their cisgender peers. In this review, we will cover potential interactions and side effects relevant to psychiatric medication management for the three most common medication classes prescribed as part of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT): gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonists, estradiol, and testosterone. Although no studies directly examining the efficacy of psychiatric medications or their interactions with GAHT for TNG patients have been published yet, we have synthesized the existing literature from both cisgender and TNG patients to shed light on health care disparities seen in TNG patients. Since clinicians’ lack of comfort and familiarity with gender-affirming care contributes significantly to these disparities, we hope this narrative review will help psychiatric prescribers provide TNG patients with the same quality of care that cisgender patients receive.
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Rogol, Alan D., Natalia Tkachenko, Philipp Badorrek, Jens M. Hohlfeld, and Nathan Bryson. "Phase 1 pharmacokinetics and phase 3 efficacy of testosterone nasal gel in subjects with seasonal allergies." Canadian Urological Association Journal 12, no. 7 (March 15, 2018): E349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.4898.
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Introduction: NATESTO® testosterone nasal gel (TNG) is a liquid gel that is applied in the nose for the treatment of male hypogonadism. There is a reasonable concern that administration of TNG to patients with active rhinitis could modify absorption. Results from two clinical studies are reported wherein subjects with allergic rhinitis (AR) subjects are treated with TNG.Methods: The 24-hour pharmacokinetics (PK) and relative bioavailability of serum total testosterone (sTT) from TNG (11 mg tid) were determined using a phase 1 Latin-square design with 18 eugonadal AR subjects crossed over between asymptomatic, symptomatic-untreated, and symptomatic-treated (oxymetazoline) conditions. Allergy symptoms, assessed using Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), were induced using grass pollen in an allergy challenge chamber (ACC) prior to administration of TNG. The data are discussed in relation to results from a phase 3 study in 306 hypogonadal patients which compare clinical outcomes of AR and non-AR patients treated with TNG.Results: PK analysis (Tmax, maximum observed concentration [Cmax], area under the curve [AUC]) of sTT showed no difference in the rate or extent of absorption of exogenous testosterone from TNG as a function of allergy symptoms. The relative bioavailability also showed all three conditions to be equivalent. However, pre-dose mean sTT in AR patients was 21‒25% lower when symptomatic vs. asymptomatic, which is attributed to the allergic reaction. A large phase 3 study, based predominantly on PK measures of sTT, showed that clinical outcomes for AR and non-AR patients treated with TNG were identical, including the percentage of patients in the eugonadal range, hormone profiles, and adverse events.Conclusions: AR does not affect absorption of TNG. Patient outcomes for long-term treatment with TNG for up to one year are not dependent on AR history.
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Allen, Brittany J., Zoe E. Stratman, Bradley R. Kerr, Qianqian Zhao, and Megan A. Moreno. "Associations Between Psychosocial Measures and Digital Media Use Among Transgender Youth: Cross-sectional Study." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 4, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): e25801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25801.
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Background Transgender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse (TNG) youth encounter barriers to psychosocial wellness and also describe exploring identities and communities on the web. Studies of cisgender youth connect increased digital technology use with lower well-being, parent relationships, and body image scores as well as increased loneliness and fear of missing out (FOMO). However, little is known about the psychosocial factors associated with digital technology use among TNG compared with cisgender youth. Objective This study aims to examine the associations between psychosocial measures and digital technology use and its importance for cisgender and TNG youth. Methods We surveyed a nationally representative sample of adolescents (aged 13-18 years) about psychosocial wellness and digital technology use. Psychosocial measures included assessment of well-being, parental relationships, body image, loneliness, and FOMO. Digital media use assessments included the short Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale-3 and the Adolescent Digital Technology Interactions and Importance (ADTI) scale and subscales. We compared psychosocial measures between gender identity groups. We also compared stratified correlations for psychosocial measures (well-being, parent relationships, body image, loneliness, and FOMO) with ADTI and Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale-3 scores between gender identity groups. All comparisons were adjusted for age, race, and ethnicity. Results Among 4575 adolescents, 53 (1.16%) self-identified as TNG youth. TNG youth had lower scores for well-being (23.76 vs 26.47; P<.001), parent relationships (19.29 vs 23.32; P<.001), and body image (13.50 vs 17.12; P<.001), and higher scores for loneliness (9.28 vs 6.55; P<.001) and FOMO (27.93 vs 23.89; P=.004), compared with cisgender peers. In a pattern different from that of their cisgender peers, better well-being scores and body image for TNG youth predicted higher problematic internet use (PIU) scores (correlation coefficients of 0.32 vs −0.07; P=.004 and 0.26 vs −0.21; P=.002, respectively). FOMO was a stronger positive predictor of higher ADTI total and subscale scores for cisgender youth compared with TNG youth. Conclusions Overall, this study supports previously demonstrated disparities in the psychosocial wellness of TNG youth and adds that these disparities include loneliness and FOMO. This study shows prediction of PIU by both higher well-being and better body image, indicating that PIU may not be unilaterally driven by problematic factors among TNG youth. We suggest that this may be because of the specific digital media functions that TNG youth engage with as a disenfranchised population.
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Zhao, Ye, Zhi Bi Shen, Ji Rong Ge, Wen Gang Liu, Jun Xing Yang, Cheng Jian He, Min Lu, et al. "Efficacy and Safety of Tongning Gel for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Multicentre, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (June 11, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8707256.
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Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tongning Gel (TNG) compared to placebo-controlled (PC) for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods. A multicentre, randomized, double-blinded, parallel, placebo-controlled, clinical trial was performed in 576 patients (432 patients in the TNG group, 144 patients in the PC group), and 1 in the experimental group withdrew due to nonuse of drug. Patients were randomized to receive TNG or PC applied to knee skin at 3g per time, 2 times per day, which lasted for 3 weeks. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score was used to evaluate the primary efficacy of TNG and WOMAC stiffness and physical function and total scores were used to evaluate the secondary efficacy of TNG. All participants who received at least one dose of study drug were included in the safety analysis. This trial has been registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (no. CTR20131276). Results. Primary efficiency outcome: there were significant differences in the decreased value of WOMAC pain score between two groups (P<0.05), and the decreased value of WOMAC pain score in the TNG group were better than those in the PC group (P<0.05). Secondary efficiency outcome: the WOMAC total score, WOMAC stiffness score, WOMAC physical function score, and the decrease of the above indexes of the two groups of patients after treatment were statistically significant (P<0.05), and the improvement of the above indexes in the TNG group was better than that of the PC group (P<0.05). Safety Evaluation. A total of 42 adverse events were reported by 29 patients: 25 adverse events reported by 16 patients (3.71%) in the experimental group and 17 adverse events were reported by 13 patients (9.03%) in the control group. And 8 adverse reactions were reported by 6 patients including 2 adverse reactions by 2 patients (0.46%) in the experimental group and 6 adverse reactions by 4 patients (2.78%) in the control group. Two cases of significant adverse events occurred in the experimental group. Both groups had one serious adverse event, respectively, which were not relevant to the intervention. Conclusion. These results of the trial demonstrate that TNG is superior to placebo in the treatment of patients with KOA, and TNG can improve other symptoms of KOA, such as stiffness and physical function. TNG is safe for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis as a whole.
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Gronski, Matthew A., Ethan D. Grober, Irving S. Gottesman, Ross W. Ormsby, and Nathan Bryson. "Efficacy of Nasal Testosterone Gel (Natesto®) Stratified by Baseline Endogenous Testosterone Levels." Journal of the Endocrine Society 3, no. 9 (June 26, 2019): 1652–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/js.2019-00183.
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Abstract Objective Pharmacokinetic and efficacy data from a phase 3 testosterone nasal gel (TNG) study were stratified by baseline endogenous testosterone level in patients with testosterone deficiency. Total testosterone (TT), LH, and FSH levels, as well as erectile function, mood, and lean body mass for each group were compared. In a subset of patients with very low baseline endogenous testosterone levels (<100 ng/dL), we investigated whether TNG is a suitable treatment option. Materials and Methods Patients with testosterone deficiency (serum TT <300 ng/dL) were treated with TNG for 3 months, followed by safety extension periods of 90 and/or 180 days. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from serum hormone levels on days 30 and 90, along with efficacy measurements, which were analyzed by comparison with baseline values. Baseline and/or predose TT values were used for patient stratification. Results Prestudy and predose endogenous testosterone concentrations correlated. The maximal concentration of TT was nearly identical across all cohorts at days 30 and 90, whereas the average concentration over 24 hours had a slight positive dependence relative to predose levels. LH levels remained in the normal range but were decreased more in patients with higher starting baseline levels. These findings indicate that TNG works with an active hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that responds to each dose of TNG throughout the treatment period. Patients with the lowest endogenous testosterone levels received maximum exposure impact from each TNG dose. Patients with severe testosterone deficiency had similar efficacy improvements as the remainder of the study population. Conclusion All testosterone-deficient cohorts were successfully treated with TNG.
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Ishibashi, Y., J. Zhang, D. J. Duncker, C. Klassen, T. Pavek, and R. J. Bache. "Coronary hyperperfusion augments myocardial oxygen consumption." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): H1384—H1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.4.h1384.
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This study was performed to test the hypothesis that increases in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVo2) and myocardial contractile function during exercise are flow limited. Studies were performed in 15 chronically instrumented normal dogs. MVo2 and regional percent systolic wall thickening were measured during control conditions and during maximal vasodilation produced by infusion of adenosine (20-75 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) or adenosine combined with nitroglycerin (0.4 micrograms.kg-1.min-1; TNG) into the left anterior descending coronary artery during a three-stage graded treadmill exercise protocol. Adenosine and adenosine plus TNG significantly increased coronary blood flow by 298 +/- 26 and 306 +/- 24%, respectively, at rest and by 134 +/- 7 and 145 +/- 9%, respectively, during the heaviest level of exercise (each P < 0.01). Adenosine and adenosine plus TNG increased MVo2 at rest, but this was associated with a parallel increase in heart rate, so that MVo2 per beat was not significantly changed. Systolic wall thickening was also not changed by hyperperfusion during resting conditions. However, MVo2 per beat was increased by 12 +/- 4% with adenosine and by 13 +/- 5% with adenosine plus TNG during moderate exercise and by 23 +/- 5% with adenosine and by 27 +/- 4% with adenosine plus TNG during the heaviest level of exercise (each P < 0.05). Systolic thickening of the full left ventricular wall did not change during hyperperfusion, but thickening in the subepicardial layer was increased by 14 +/- 3% with adenosine and 18 +/- 3% with adenosine plus TNG during the heaviest level of exercise (each P < 0.05). There was no difference in wall thickening between adenosine and adenosine plus TNG. These findings imply that the increases in MVo2 which occur during exercise are limited by coronary blood flow.
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Burkhart, Blakesley, Megan Tillman, Alexander B. Gurvich, Simeon Bird, Stephanie Tonnesen, Greg L. Bryan, Lars Hernquist, and Rachel S. Somerville. "The Low-redshift Lyα Forest as a Constraint for Models of AGN Feedback." Astrophysical Journal Letters 933, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): L46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac7e49.
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Abstract We study the sensitivity of the z = 0.1 Lyα forest observables, such as the column density distribution function (CDD), flux PDF, flux power spectrum, and line-width distribution, to subgrid models of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback using the Illustris and IllustrisTNG (TNG) cosmological simulations. The two simulations share an identical ultraviolet background (UVB) prescription and similar cosmological parameters, but TNG features an entirely reworked AGN feedback model. Due to changes in the AGN radio-mode model, the original Illustris simulations have a factor of 2–3 fewer Lyα absorbers than TNG at column densities N H i < 1015.5 cm−2. We compare the simulated forest statistics to UV data from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) and find that neither simulation can reproduce the slope of the absorber distribution. Both Illustris and TNG also produce significantly smaller line-width distributions than observed in the COS data. We show that TNG is in much better agreement with the observed z = 0.1 flux power spectrum than Illustris. We explore which statistics can disentangle the effects of AGN feedback from alternative UVB models by rescaling the UVB of Illustris to produce a CDD match to TNG. While this UVB rescaling is degenerate with the effect of AGN feedback on the CDD, the amplitude and shape of the flux PDF and 1D flux power spectrum change in a way distinct from the scaling of the UVB. Our study suggests that the z = 0.1 Lyα forest observables can be used as a diagnostic of AGN feedback models.
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BRAMWELL, R. G., W. AVELING, and I. R. VERNER. "TNG AND PROFOUND HYPOTENSION." British Journal of Anaesthesia 58, no. 2 (February 1986): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bja/58.2.247.
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Mohamed, Tarek Zaghloul, Ahmed Abd El Aal Sultan, Mohamed Tag El-Din, Ahmed A. Elfattah Mostafa, Mohammed A. Nafea, Abd-Elfattah Kalmoush, Mohammed Shaaban Nassar, et al. "Incidence and Risk Factors of Thyroid Malignancy in Patients with Toxic Nodular Goiter." International Journal of Surgical Oncology 2022 (May 23, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1054297.
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Background. Although hyperfunctioning thyroid disorders were thought to be protective against malignancy, some recent studies reported a high incidence of incidentally discovered cancer in patients with hyperfunctioning benign thyroid disorders. We performed this study to estimate the incidence and predictors of malignant thyroid disease in patients with toxic nodular goiter (TNG). Patients and Methods. The data of 98 patients diagnosed with TNG were reviewed (including toxic multinodular goiter SMNG and single toxic nodule STN). The collected data included patients age, gender, systemic comorbidities, family history of thyroid malignancy, previous neck radiation, type of disease (multinodular or single), size of the dominant nodule by the US, operative time, and detection of significant lymph nodes during operation. Based on the histopathological analysis, the cases were allocated into benign and malignant groups. Results. Malignancy was detected in 21 patients (21.43%). Although age distribution was comparable between the two groups, males showed a significant increase in association with malignancy. Medical comorbidities and family history of cancer did not differ between the two groups. However, TMNG showed a statistically higher prevalence in the malignant group. Operative data, including operative time and lymph node detection, were comparable between the two groups. On regression analysis, both male gender and TMNG were significant predictors of malignancy. Conclusion. The presence of thyroid hyperfunction is not a protective factor against malignancy, as malignancy was detected in about 1/5 of cases. Male gender and TMNG were significant risk factors of malignancy in such patients.
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Ni, Yueying, Shy Genel, Daniel Anglés-Alcázar, Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro, Yongseok Jo, Simeon Bird, Tiziana Di Matteo, et al. "The CAMELS Project: Expanding the Galaxy Formation Model Space with New ASTRID and 28-parameter TNG and SIMBA Suites." Astrophysical Journal 959, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad022a.
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Abstract We present CAMELS-ASTRID, the third suite of hydrodynamical simulations in the Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning (CAMELS) project, along with new simulation sets that extend the model parameter space based on the previous frameworks of CAMELS-TNG and CAMELS-SIMBA, to provide broader training sets and testing grounds for machine-learning algorithms designed for cosmological studies. CAMELS-ASTRID employs the galaxy formation model following the ASTRID simulation and contains 2124 hydrodynamic simulation runs that vary three cosmological parameters (Ω m , σ 8, Ω b ) and four parameters controlling stellar and active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. Compared to the existing TNG and SIMBA simulation suites in CAMELS, the fiducial model of ASTRID features the mildest AGN feedback and predicts the least baryonic effect on the matter power spectrum. The training set of ASTRID covers a broader variation in the galaxy populations and the baryonic impact on the matter power spectrum compared to its TNG and SIMBA counterparts, which can make machine-learning models trained on the ASTRID suite exhibit better extrapolation performance when tested on other hydrodynamic simulation sets. We also introduce extension simulation sets in CAMELS that widely explore 28 parameters in the TNG and SIMBA models, demonstrating the enormity of the overall galaxy formation model parameter space and the complex nonlinear interplay between cosmology and astrophysical processes. With the new simulation suites, we show that building robust machine-learning models favors training and testing on the largest possible diversity of galaxy formation models. We also demonstrate that it is possible to train accurate neural networks to infer cosmological parameters using the high-dimensional TNG-SB28 simulation set.
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Tournier, Robert F., and Michael I. Ojovan. "Prediction of Second Melting Temperatures Already Observed in Pure Elements by Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Materials 14, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 6509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216509.
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A second melting temperature occurs at a temperature Tn+ higher than Tm in glass-forming melts after heating them from their glassy state. The melting entropy is reduced or increased depending on the thermal history and on the presence of antibonds or bonds up to Tn+. Recent MD simulations show full melting at Tn+ = 1.119Tm for Zr, 1.126Tm for Ag, 1.219Tm for Fe and 1.354Tm for Cu. The non-classical homogeneous nucleation model applied to liquid elements is based on the increase of the Lindemann coefficient with the heating rate. The glass transition at Tg and the nucleation temperatures TnG of glacial phases are successfully predicted below and above Tm. The glass transition temperature Tg increases with the heating rate up to Tn+. Melting and crystallization of glacial phases occur with entropy and enthalpy reductions. A universal law relating Tn+ and TnG around Tm shows that TnG cannot be higher than 1.293Tm for Tn+= 1.47Tm. The enthalpies and entropies of glacial phases have singular values, corresponding to the increase of percolation thresholds with Tg and TnG above the Scher and Zallen invariant at various heating and cooling rates. The G-phases are metastable up to Tn+ because the antibonds are broken by homogeneous nucleation of bonds.
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Singh, Shailendra Kumar, Rina Singh, Santosh Kumar Singh, Mir Asif Iquebal, Sarika Jaiswal, and Pradeep Kumar Rai. "Aetiological sub-classification of thyrotoxicosis and relevance of TT3/TT4 ratio in sub-classification of patients with thyrotoxicosis: an Indian cross-sectional study." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2023): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20233566.
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Background: Thyrotoxicosis is a common endocrine problem. Sub-classification and rapid diagnosis of disease is crucial in the management. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study from India, newly diagnosed thyrotoxicosis patients were enrolled. All patients were sub classified into Graves’ disease, (GD), sub-acute thyroiditis (SAT) and toxic nodular goiter (TNG) based on diagnostic criteria. Clinical features were noted and TT3, TT4 and TSH level were measured. A thyroid scan was also done. Results: TNG, respectively. Mean± SD age for GD, SAT and TNG were 36.88±10.55, 37.44±5.96 and 61±11.36 years, respectively. Most of patients were female (77.63%). Goiter was present in 81.25%, 55.56% and 100% of GD, SAT and TNG patients respectively. Mean TT3/TT4 ratio was higher (20.15±5.45 verses 12.72±0.77) in GD as compared to SAT patients. The area under ROC curve of the TT3/TT4 for diagnosis of GD was 0.964. Cut off level of TT3/TT4 ratio >14.1 offered best sensitivity, specificity, PPV (positive predictive value) and accuracy. Conclusions: This first report from India on sub-classification of thyrotoxicosis shows that GD is the commonest cause of thyrotoxicosis. TT3/TT4 ratio of >14.1 may help in differentiating the cause of thyrotoxicosis.
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Gordon, Samuel, Brad Dober, Adrian Sinclair, Samuel Rowe, Sean Bryan, Philip Mauskopf, Jason Austermann, et al. "An Open Source, FPGA-Based LeKID Readout for BLAST-TNG: Pre-Flight Results." Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation 05, no. 04 (December 2016): 1641003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251171716410038.
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We present a highly frequency multiplexed readout for large-format superconducting detector arrays intended for use in the next generation of balloon-borne and space-based sub-millimeter and far-infrared missions. We will demonstrate this technology on the upcoming NASA Next Generation Balloon-borne Large Aperture Sub-millimeter Telescope (BLAST-TNG) to measure the polarized emission of Galactic dust at wavelengths of 250, 350 and 500 microns. The BLAST-TNG receiver incorporates the first arrays of Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors (LeKID) along with the first microwave multiplexing readout electronics to fly in a space-like environment and will significantly advance the TRL for these technologies. After the flight of BLAST-TNG, we will continue to improve the performance of the detectors and readout electronics for the next generation of balloon-borne instruments and for use in a future FIR Surveyor.
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Rainer, M., F. Borsa, L. Pino, G. Frustagli, M. Brogi, K. Biazzo, A. S. Bonomo, et al. "The GAPS programme at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 649 (May 2021): A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039247.
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Context. Transiting ultra-hot Jupiters are ideal candidates for studying the exoplanet atmospheres and their dynamics, particularly by means of high-resolution spectra with high signal-to-noise ratios. One such object is KELT-20b. It orbits the fast-rotating A2-type star KELT-20. Many atomic species have been found in its atmosphere, with blueshifted signals that indicate a day- to night-side wind. Aims. We observe the atmospheric Rossiter-McLaughlin effect in the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-20b and study any variation of the atmospheric signal during the transit. For this purpose, we analysed five nights of HARPS-N spectra covering five transits of KELT-20b. Methods. We computed the mean line profiles of the spectra with a least-squares deconvolution using a stellar mask obtained from the Vienna Atomic Line Database (Teff = 10 000 K, log g = 4.3), and then we extracted the stellar radial velocities by fitting them with a rotational broadening profile in order to obtain the radial velocity time-series. We used the mean line profile residuals tomography to analyse the planetary atmospheric signal and its variations. We also used the cross-correlation method to study a previously reported double-peak feature in the FeI planetary signal. Results. We observed both the classical and the atmospheric Rossiter-McLaughlin effect in the radial velocity time-series. The latter gave us an estimate of the radius of the planetary atmosphere that correlates with the stellar mask used in our work (Rp+atmo∕Rp = 1.13 ± 0.02). We isolated the planetary atmospheric trace in the tomography, and we found radial velocity variations of the planetary atmospheric signal during transit with an overall blueshift of ≈10 km s−1, along with small variations in the signal depth, and less significant, in the full width at half maximum (FWHM). We also find a possible variation in the structure and position of the FeI signal in different transits. Conclusions. We confirm the previously detected blueshift of the atmospheric signal during the transit. The FWHM variations of the atmospheric signal, if confirmed, may be caused by more turbulent condition at the beginning of the transit, by a variable contribution of the elements present in the stellar mask to the overall planetary atmospheric signal, or by iron condensation. The FeI signal show indications of variability from one transit to the next.
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Fossati, L., G. Guilluy, I. F. Shaikhislamov, I. Carleo, F. Borsa, A. S. Bonomo, P. Giacobbe, et al. "The GAPS Programme at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 658 (February 2022): A136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142336.
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Context. Because of its proximity to an active K-type star, the hot Jupiter WASP-80b has been identified as a possible excellent target for detecting and measuring He I absorption in the upper atmosphere. Aims. Our aim was to look for, and eventually measure and model, metastable He I atmospheric absorption. Methods. We observed four primary transits of WASP-80b in the optical and near-infrared using the HARPS-N and GIANO-B high-resolution spectrographs attached to the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo telescope, focusing the analysis on the He I triplet. We further employed a three-dimensional hydrodynamic aeronomy model to understand the observational results. Results. We did not find any signature of planetary absorption at the position of the He I triplet with an upper limit of 0.7% (i.e. 1.11 planetary radii; 95% confidence level). We re-estimated the high-energy stellar emission, which we combined with a stellar photospheric model, to generate the input for the hydrodynamic modelling. We determined that, assuming a solar He to H abundance ratio, He I absorption should have been detected. Considering a stellar wind 25 times weaker than solar, we could reproduce the non-detection only by assuming a He to H abundance ratio about 16 times smaller than solar. Instead, considering a stellar wind ten times stronger than solar, we could reproduce the non-detection only with a He to H abundance ratio about ten times smaller than solar. We attempted to understand this result by collecting all past He I measurements and looking for correlations with high-energy stellar emission and planetary gravity, but without success. Conclusions. WASP-80b is not the only planet with an estimated sub-solar He to H abundance ratio, which suggests the presence of efficient physical mechanisms (e.g. phase separation, magnetic fields) capable of significantly modifying the He to H content in the upper atmosphere of hot Jupiters. The planetary macroscopic properties and the shape of the stellar spectral energy distribution are not sufficient for predicting the presence or absence of detectable metastable He in a planetary atmosphere, since the He abundance also appears to play a major role.
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Borsa, F., A. F. Lanza, I. Raspantini, M. Rainer, L. Fossati, M. Brogi, M. P. Di Mauro, et al. "The GAPS Programme at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 653 (September 2021): A104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140559.
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Context. Giant planets in short-period orbits around bright stars represent optimal candidates for atmospheric and dynamical studies of exoplanetary systems. Aims. We aim to analyse four transits of WASP-33b observed with the optical high-resolution HARPS-N spectrograph to confirm its nodal precession, study its atmosphere, and investigate the presence of star-planet interactions. Methods. We extracted the mean line profiles of the spectra using the least-squares deconvolution method, and we analysed the Doppler shadow and the radial velocities. We also derived the transmission spectrum of the planet, correcting it for the stellar contamination due to rotation, centre-to-limb variations, and pulsations. Results. We confirm the previously discovered nodal precession of WASP-33b, almost doubling the time coverage of the inclination and projected spin-orbit angle variation. We find that the projected obliquity reached a minimum in 2011, and we used this constraint to derive the geometry of the system, and in particular its obliquity at that epoch (ϵ = 113.99° ± 0.22°) and the inclination of the stellar spin axis (is = 90.11° ± 0.12°). We also derived the gravitational quadrupole moment of the star J2 = (6.73 ± 0.22) × 10−5, which we find to be in close agreement with the theoretically predicted value. Small systematics errors are computed by shifting the date of the minimum projected obliquity. We present detections of Hα and Hβ absorption in the atmosphere of the planet, with a contrast almost twice as small as that previously detected in the literature. We also find evidence for the presence of a pre-transit signal, which repeats in all four analysed transits and should thus be related to the planet. The most likely explanation lies in a possible excitation of a stellar pulsation mode by the presence of the planetary companion. Conclusions. A future common analysis of all available datasets in the literature will help shed light on the possibility that the observed Balmer lines’ transit depth variations are related to stellar activity and pulsation, and to set constraints on the planetary temperature–pressure structure and thus on the energetics possibly driving atmospheric escape. A complete orbital phase coverage of WASP-33b with high-resolution spectroscopic (and spectro-polarimetric) observations could help us to understand the nature of the pre-transit signal.
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Carleo, I., L. Malavolta, A. F. Lanza, M. Damasso, S. Desidera, F. Borsa, M. Mallonn, et al. "The GAPS Programme at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 638 (May 29, 2020): A5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937369.
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Context. The existence of hot Jupiters is still not well understood. Two main channels are thought to be responsible for their current location: a smooth planet migration through the protoplanetary disk or the circularization of an initial highly eccentric orbit by tidal dissipation leading to a strong decrease in the semimajor axis. Different formation scenarios result in different observable effects, such as orbital parameters (obliquity and eccentricity) or frequency of planets at different stellar ages. Aims. In the context of the GAPS Young Objects project, we are carrying out a radial velocity survey with the aim of searching and characterizing young hot-Jupiter planets. Our purpose is to put constraints on evolutionary models and establish statistical properties, such as the frequency of these planets from a homogeneous sample. Methods. Since young stars are in general magnetically very active, we performed multi-band (visible and near-infrared) spectroscopy with simultaneous GIANO-B + HARPS-N (GIARPS) observing mode at TNG. This helps in dealing with stellar activity and distinguishing the nature of radial velocity variations: stellar activity will introduce a wavelength-dependent radial velocity amplitude, whereas a Keplerian signal is achromatic. As a pilot study, we present here the cases of two known hot Jupiters orbiting young stars: HD 285507 b and AD Leo b. Results. Our analysis of simultaneous high-precision GIARPS spectroscopic data confirms the Keplerian nature of the variation in the HD 285507 radial velocities and refines the orbital parameters of the hot Jupiter, obtaining an eccentricity consistent with a circular orbit. Instead, our analysis does not confirm the signal previously attributed to a planet orbiting AD Leo. This demonstrates the power of the multi-band spectroscopic technique when observing active stars.
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Guilluy, G., V. Andretta, F. Borsa, P. Giacobbe, A. Sozzetti, E. Covino, V. Bourrier, et al. "The GAPS programme at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 639 (July 2020): A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037644.
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Context. Exoplanets orbiting very close to their parent star are strongly irradiated. This can lead the upper atmospheric layers to expand and evaporate into space. The metastable helium (He I) triplet at 1083.3 nm has recently been shown to be a powerful diagnostic to probe extended and escaping exoplanetary atmospheres. Aims. We perform high-resolution transmission spectroscopy of the transiting hot Jupiter HD 189733 b with the GIARPS (GIANO-B + HARPS-N) observing mode of the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, taking advantage of the simultaneous optical+near infrared spectral coverage to detect He I in the planet’s extended atmosphere and to gauge the impact of stellar magnetic activity on the planetary absorption signal. Methods. Observations were performed during five transit events of HD 189733 b. By comparison of the in-transit and out-of-transit GIANO-B observations, we computed high-resolution transmission spectra. We then used them to perform equivalent width measurements and carry out light-curves analyses in order to consistently gauge the excess in-transit absorption in correspondence with the He I triplet. Results. We spectrally resolve the He I triplet and detect an absorption signal during all five transits. The mean in-transit absorption depth amounts to 0.75 ± 0.03% (25σ) in the core of the strongest helium triplet component. We detect night-to-night variations in the He I absorption signal likely due to the transit events occurring in the presence of stellar surface inhomogeneities. We evaluate the impact of stellar-activity pseudo-signals on the true planetary absorption using a comparative analysis of the He I 1083.3 nm (in the near-infrared) and the Hα (in the visible) lines. Using a 3D atmospheric code, we interpret the time series of the He I absorption lines in the three nights not affected by stellar contamination, which exhibit a mean in-transit absorption depth of 0.77 ± 0.04% (19σ) in full agreement with the one derived from the full dataset. In agreement with previous results, our simulations suggest that the helium layers only fill part of the Roche lobe. Observations can be explained with a thermosphere heated to ~12 000 K, expanding up to ~1.2 planetary radii, and losing ~1 g s−1 of metastable helium. Conclusions. Our results reinforce the importance of simultaneous optical plus near infrared monitoring when performing high-resolution transmission spectroscopy of the extended and escaping atmospheres of hot planets in the presence of stellar activity.
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Benatti, S., M. Damasso, S. Desidera, F. Marzari, K. Biazzo, R. Claudi, M. P. Di Mauro, et al. "The GAPS programme at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 639 (July 2020): A50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037939.
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Context. Observations of exoplanetary systems demonstrate that a wide variety of planetary architectures are possible. Determining the rate of occurrence of Solar System analogues – with inner terrestrial planets and outer gas giants – remains an open question. Aims. Within the framework of the Global Architecture of Planetary Systems (GAPS) project, we collected more than 300 spectra with HARPS-N at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo for the bright G9V star HD 164922. This target is known to host one gas giant planet in a wide orbit (Pb ~1200 days, semi-major axis ~ 2 au) and a Neptune-mass planet with a period of Pc ~76 days. We aimed to investigate the presence of additional low-mass companions in the inner region of the system. Methods. We compared the radial velocities (RV) and the activity indices derived from the HARPS-N time series to measure the rotation period of the star and used a Gaussian process regression to describe the behaviour of the stellar activity. We then combined a model of planetary and stellar activity signals in an RV time series composed of almost 700 high-precision RVs, both from HARPS-N and literature data. We performed a dynamical analysis to evaluate the stability of the system and the allowed regions for additional potential companions. We performed experiments on the injection and recovery of additional planetary signals to gauge the sensitivity thresholds in minimum mass and orbital separation imposed by our data. Results. Thanks to the high sensitivity of the HARPS-N dataset, we detected an additional inner super-Earth with an RV semi-amplitude of 1.3 ± 0.2 m s−1 and a minimum mass of md sin i = 4 ± 1 M⊕. It orbits HD 164922 with a period of 12.458 ± 0.003 days. We disentangled the planetary signal from activity and measured a stellar rotation period of ~ 42 days. The dynamical analysis shows the long-term stability of the orbits of the three-planet system and allows us to identify the permitted regions for additional planets in the semi-major axis ranges 0.18–0.21 au and 0.6–1.4 au. The latter partially includes the habitable zone of the system. We did not detect any planet in these regions, down to minimum detectable masses of 5 and 18 M⊕, respectively. A larger region of allowed planets is expected beyond the orbit of planet b, where our sampling rules out bodies with minimum mass >50 M⊕. The planetary orbital parameters and the location of the snow line suggest that this system has been shaped by a gas disk migration process that halted after its dissipation.
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Barbato, D., M. Pinamonti, A. Sozzetti, K. Biazzo, S. Benatti, M. Damasso, S. Desidera, et al. "The GAPS programme at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 641 (September 2020): A68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037954.
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Context. With the growth of comparative exoplanetology, it is becoming increasingly clear that investigating the relationships between inner and outer planets plays a key role in discriminating between competing formation and evolution models. To do so, it is important to probe the inner region of systems that host long-period giants in search of undetected lower-mass planetary companions. Aims. In this work, we present our results on the K-dwarf star BD-11 4672, which is already known to host a long-period giant planet, as the first output of a subsample of the GAPS programme specifically aimed at assessing the impact of inefficient migration of planets formed beyond the snowline by searching for Neptune-mass and super-Earth planetary companions of known longer-period giants. Methods. We used the high-precision HARPS-N observations of BD-11 4672 in conjunction with time series taken from the literature in order to search for additional inner planetary signals to be fitted using differential evolution Markov chain Monte Carlo. The long-term stability of the new orbital solutions was tested with N-body dynamical simulations. Results. We report the detection of BD-11 4672 c, a new Neptune-mass planet with an orbital period of 74.20−0.08+0.06 d, eccentricity of 0.40−0.15+0.13, semimajor axis of 0.30 ± 0.01 au, and minimum mass 15.37−2.81+2.97 M⊕, orbiting slightly outside the inner edge of the optimistic circumstellar habitable zone. In order to assess its impact on the dynamical stability of the habitable zone, we computed the angular momentum deficit of the system, showing that planet c has a severe negative impact on the stability of possible additional lower-mass temperate planets. The BD-11 4672 system is notable for its architecture, hosting both a long-period giant planet and an inner lower-mass planet, the latter being one of the most eccentric Neptune-mass planets known at similar periods.
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Di Maio, C., C. Argiroffi, G. Micela, S. Benatti, A. F. Lanza, G. Scandariato, J. Maldonado, A. Maggio, L. Affer, and R. Claudi. "The GAPS programme at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (October 2020): A53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038011.
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Context. Understanding stellar activity in M dwarfs is fundamental to improving our knowledge of the physics of stellar atmospheres and for planet search programmes. High levels of stellar activity (also frequently associated with flare events) can cause additional variations in the stellar emission that contaminate the signal induced by a planet and that need to be corrected. The study of activity indicators in active stars can improve our capability of modelling the signal generated by magnetic activity. Aims. In this work we present measurements of activity indicators at visible wavelength for a star with a high activity level, AD Leonis, observed with HARPS in 2006, and HARPS-N in 2018. Our aim is to understand the behaviour of stellar chromospheres of M stars, studying the more sensitive chromospheric activity indicators. We also focus on characterising their variability and on finding the correlations among these indicators to obtain information on the origin of the magnetic activity in low-mass stars. Methods. We performed a study of the main optical activity indicators (Ca II H&K, Balmer lines, Na I D1,2 doublet, He I D3, and other helium lines) measured for AD Leonis using the data provided by the HARPS-N high-resolution spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo in 2018, and by the HARPS instrument at La Silla observatory in 2006. Spectra were flux-calibrated in units of flux at the stellar surface. We measured excess flux of the selected activity indicators. The correlations between the different activity indicators as well as the temporal evolution of fluxes were analysed. A stellar flare was identified during the 2018 observing run and the Hα, Hβ, He I 4471 Å, and He I 5876 Å lines were analysed in detail by fitting the line profiles with two Gaussian components. Results. We found that the Ca II H&K flux excesses are strongly correlated with each other, but the Ca II H&K doublet is generally less correlated with the other indicators. Moreover, Hα is correlated with Na I doublet and helium lines. Analysing the time variability of flux of the studied lines, we found a higher level of activity of the star during the observations in 2018 than in 2006, while Ca II H&K showed more intense emission on spectra obtained during the observations in 2006. Thanks to a detailed analysis of selected line profiles, we investigated the flare evaluating the mass motion during the event.
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Baratella, M., V. D’Orazi, K. Biazzo, S. Desidera, R. Gratton, S. Benatti, A. Bignamini, et al. "The GAPS Programme at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 640 (August 2020): A123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038511.
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Context. The detailed chemical composition of stars is important in many astrophysical fields, among which is the characterisation of exoplanetary systems. Previous studies seem to indicate an anomalous chemical pattern of the youngest stellar population in the solar vicinity that has sub-solar metal content. This can influence various observational relations linking the properties of exoplanets to the characteristics of the host stars, for example the giant planet-metallicity relation. Aims. In this framework, we aim to expand our knowledge of the chemical composition of intermediate-age stars and understand whether these peculiarities are real or related to spectroscopic analysis techniques. Methods. We analysed high-resolution optical and near-infrared spectra of intermediate-age stars (<700 Myr) that have been observed simultaneously with HARPS-N and GIANO-B spectrographs in GIARPS mode. To overcome issues related to the young ages of the stars, we applied a new spectroscopic method that uses titanium lines to derive the atmospheric parameters, in particular surface gravities and microturbulence velocity parameter. We derived abundances of C I, Na I, Mg I, Al I, Si I, Ca I, Ti I, Ti II, Cr I, Cr II, Fe I, Fe II, Ni I, and Zn I. Results. The lack of systematic trends between elemental abundances and effective temperatures validates our methods. However, we observed that the coolest stars in the sample, where Teff < 5400 K, display higher abundances for the ionised species, in particular Cr II, and for high-excitation potential C I lines. Conclusions. We found a positive correlation between the higher abundances measured of C I and Cr II and the activity index log RHK′. Instead, we found no correlations between the C abundances obtained from CH molecular band at 4300 Å and both effective temperatures and activity. Thus, we suggest that these are better estimates for C abundances in young and cool stars. Finally, we found an indication of an increasing abundance ratio [X/H] with the condensation temperature for HD 167389, indicating possible episodes of planet engulfment.
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Damasso, M., A. F. Lanza, S. Benatti, V. M. Rajpaul, M. Mallonn, S. Desidera, K. Biazzo, et al. "The GAPS Programme at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 642 (October 2020): A133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038864.
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Context. Detecting and characterising exoworlds around very young stars (age ≤10 Myr) are key aspects of exoplanet demographic studies, especially for understanding the mechanisms and timescales of planet formation and migration. Any reliable theory for such physical phenomena requires a robust observational database to be tested. However, detection using the radial velocity method alone can be very challenging because the amplitude of the signals caused by the magnetic activity of such stars can be orders of magnitude larger than those induced even by massive planets. Aims. We observed the very young (~2 Myr) and very active star V830 Tau with the HARPS-N spectrograph between October 2017 and March 2020 to independently confirm and characterise the previously reported hot Jupiter V830 Tau b (Kb = 68 ± 11 m s−1; mb sin ib = 0.57 ± 0.10 MJup; Pb = 4.927 ± 0.008 d). Methods. Because of the observed ~1 km s−1 radial velocity scatter that can clearly be attributed to the magnetic activity of V830 Tau, we analysed radial velocities extracted with different pipelines and modelled them using several state-of-the-art tools. We devised injection-recovery simulations to support our results and characterise our detection limits. The analysis of the radial velocities was aided by a characterisation of the stellar activity using simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic diagnostics. Results. Despite the high quality of our HARPS-N data and the diversity of tests we performed, we were unable to detect the planet V830 Tau b in our data and cannot confirm its existence. Our simulations show that a statistically significant detection of the claimed planetary Doppler signal is very challenging. Conclusions. It is important to continue Doppler searches for planets around young stars, but utmost care must be taken in the attempt to overcome the technical difficulties to be faced in order to achieve their detection and characterisation. This point must be kept in mind when assessing their occurrence rate, formation mechanisms, and migration pathways, especially without evidence of their existence from photometric transits.
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Sozzetti, A., M. Pinamonti, M. Damasso, S. Desidera, K. Biazzo, A. S. Bonomo, D. Nardiello, et al. "The GAPS Programme at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 677 (September 2023): L15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347329.
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The nearby mid-K dwarf HIP 66074 was recently identified as host to a candidate super-Jupiter companion on a ∼300 day, almost edge-on, orbit, based on Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) astrometry. Initial attempts at confirming the planetary nature of the signal based on publicly available radial-velocity (RV) observations uncovered an intriguing conundrum: the inferred RV semi-amplitude appears to be a factor of 15 smaller than the one predicted based on the Gaia solution (corresponding to a 7-MJup companion on a close to edge-on orbit). We present the results of intensive RV monitoring of HIP 66074 with the HARPS-N spectrograph. We detected the companion at the Gaia period, but with an extremely eccentric orbit (e = 0.948 ± 0.004), a semi-amplitude K = 93.9−7.0+9.4 m s−1, and a minimum mass mb sin ib = 0.79 ± 0.05 MJup. We used detailed simulations of Gaia astrometry with the DR3 time-span to show that the conundrum can be fully resolved by taking into account the combination of the initially sub-optimal RV sampling and systematic biases in the Gaia astrometric solution, which include an underestimation of the eccentricity and incorrect identification of orbital inclination, which has turned out to correspond to a close to face-on configuration (i ≲ 13°). With an estimated mass in the approximate range of 3 − 7 MJup, we find that HIP 66074b (≡Gaia-3b) is the first exoplanet candidate astrometrically detected by Gaia to be successfully confirmed based on RV follow-up observations.
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Molinaro, Annette, John Wiencke, Gayathri Warrier, JiYoon Lee, Devin Koestler, Helen Hansen, Terri Rice, et al. "EPCO-25. AN IMMUNOMETHYLOMIC PLATFORM INTEGRATING SYSTEMIC IMMUNE PROFILES AND EPIGENETIC AGE IN NEURO-ONCOLOGY." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.304.
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Abstract Lineage-specific DNA methylation marks differentiate leukocyte cell types while individual biological aging mechanisms impact other methylation alterations. Human glioma incidence and survival times have been shown to be associated with aberrant immune profiles and have a strong dependency on age. Here we developed a single epigenetic analysis framework to evaluate both immune cell fractions and epigenetic age in peripheral blood. We examined these measures in archived blood from 197 triple-negative glioma patients (TNG; IDH wildtype, 1p19q intact and TERT wildtype) and 312 frequency-matched controls from the SF Bay Area Adult Glioma Study (AGS). Significant differences were observed with TNG cases having lower CD4 and CD8 T cell, natural killer, and B cell fractions, and higher neutrophil fractions than controls. TNG cases were significantly older than controls in two of three epigenetic age estimates; however, there was no difference in epigenetic age acceleration once immune cell proportions were considered. For the TNG cases, we augmented results from several machine learning methods to delineate risk groups of TNG patients with significantly different overall survival. We compared survival models built by recursive partitioning, random forest, and elastic net methods. The final model was chosen by repeated bootstrap sampling via the Brier score loss function and validated in an independent set of 72 IDH-mutant only or TERT-mutant only glioma patients also from the AGS. The final model indicated important interactions between immune cell fractions (including CD4 and CD8 T cells and neutrophils) and treatment, age, and dexamethasone status when adjusted for the main effects of epigenetic age, glioblastoma status, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The capacity of immunomethylomics to capture diverse, clinically relevant information and the simplicity of its implementation make this a powerful tool for personalized patient evaluation in the neuro-oncology clinic.
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Sivalingam, Suvanjaa, Marianne Thvilum, Thomas Heiberg Brix, Laszlo Hegedüs, and Frans Brandt. "No link between season of birth and subsequent development of Graves’ disease or toxic nodular goitre. A nationwide Danish register-based study." Endocrine Connections 7, no. 10 (October 2018): 1090–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-18-0185.
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Background Season of birth, an exogenous indicator of early life environment, has been linked with a higher risk of adverse health outcomes such as autoimmune thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia later in life. Whether the development and cause of hyperthyroidism is influenced by season of birth is unclarified. We aimed, at a nationwide level, to investigate whether season of birth influences the risk of hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease (GD) and/or toxic nodular goitre (TNG). Method Register-based nationwide cohort study. By record-linkage between Danish health registers, 36,087 and 20,537 patients with GD and TNG, respectively, were identified. Each case was matched with four controls without thyroid disease, according to age and sex. Differences in month of birth across the year were evaluated by the Walter–Elwood test. Hazard ratios, for the risk of GD and TNG in individuals born in a certain month or season of the year, were calculated using Cox regression models. Results Neither for GD nor for TNG could we demonstrate a significant difference in birth rate across months or seasons of the year (Walter–Elwood’s test; X2 = 5.92 and X2 = 1.27, P = 0.052 and P = 0.53, respectively). Conclusion Irrespective of its cause, our findings do not support the hypothesis that season of birth is significantly related to the development of hyperthyroidism.
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EL MAHDY, Cristina, Silvana POPESCU, Blaga Petrean Anamaria, and Cristin BORDA. "Evaluating some Quality Parameters of a Surface Water Source by Applying Simple Treatment Processes." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 76, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:2018-0012.
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The purpose of the research was to identify the most convenient treatment applied to a surface water source which is permanently under the influence of contamination, in order to reduce organic matter, temporary hardness and TNG/ml water. Following the sedimentation process, temporary hardness values are close to those of the control samples (raw water) but, reductions and extremely significant differences (*** P <0.001) were found after coagulation. The same, extremely significant differences are found in the CCOMn parameter after the same process, coagulation. Applying just a single treatment like: sedimentation, coagulation of raw water without being followed by disinfection does not guarantee the removal or reduction of the total number of germs in water. Disinfection with UV dose (3.40-3.88 mj/cm2) of control samples indicates a significant reduction in bacterial load depending on exposure time, with the best values obtained at the 30 minute exposure. The same positive results were obtained from samples subjected to sedimentation where, compared to the initial values (4159.2±1860.0 TNG/ml water), bacterial load is reduced by 78-99.82%. In 60% of samples coagulated and after that exposed to 30 minutes of UV irradiation, was found 0 TNG / ml water. In conclusion, the best option for reducing TNG/ml water is coagulation using alum, followed by UV disinfection for 30 minutes.
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Husmann, K., A. Faissner, and M. Schachner. "Tenascin promotes cerebellar granule cell migration and neurite outgrowth by different domains in the fibronectin type III repeats." Journal of Cell Biology 116, no. 6 (March 15, 1992): 1475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.116.6.1475.
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The extracellular matrix molecule tenascin has been implicated in neuron-glia recognition in the developing central and peripheral nervous system and in regeneration. In this study, its role in Bergmann glial process-mediated neuronal migration was assayed in vitro using tissue explants of the early postnatal mouse cerebellar cortex. Of the five mAbs reacting with nonoverlapping epitopes on tenascin, mAbs J1/tn1, J1/tn4, and J1/tn5, but not mAbs J1/tn2 and J1/tn3 inhibited granule cell migration. Localization of the immunoreactive domains by EM of rotary shadowed tenascin molecules revealed that the mAbs J1/tn4 and J1/tn5, like the previously described J1/tn1 antibody, bound between the third and fifth fibronectin type III homologous repeats and mAb J1/tn3 bound between the third and fifth EGF-like repeats. mAb J1/tn2 had previously been found to react between fibronectin type III homologous repeats 10 and 11 of the mouse molecule (Lochter, A., L. Vaughan, A. Kaplony, A. Prochiantz, M. Schachner, and A. Faissner. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 113:1159-1171). When postnatal granule cell neurons were cultured on tenascin adsorbed to polyornithine, both the percentage of neurite-bearing cells and the length of outgrowing neurites were increased when compared to neurons growing on polyornithine alone. This neurite outgrowth promoting effect of tenascin was abolished only by mAb J1/tn2 or tenascin added to the culture medium in soluble form. The other antibodies did not modify the stimulatory or inhibitory effects of the molecule. These observations indicate that tenascin influences neurite outgrowth and migration of cerebellar granule cells by different domains in the fibronectin type III homologous repeats.
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Blidar, Ramona, Rodica Someșan, Sergiu Adrian Muntean, Alina Nasalean, and Laurent Ognean. "Correlative analysis of the freezing point and of the microbial content of milk produced by indigenous cows bred in a sub-Carpathian mountain area." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 73, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:12256.
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Introduction: Mountainous geo-climatic conditions exert major beneficial influences on the health and welfare of lactating cows and by default on the compositional and microbiological parameters of milk and also on the sensory characteristics of traditional milk products from those areas. Aims: Through research in this paper we propose to analyze new criteria for evaluation of freshness and health of milk obtained in conditions of sub-Carpathian mountain areas, based on the freezing point - TNG (total number of germs) correlation. Materials and methods: During a time of 2 years there were investigated physicochemical (analyzer Ekomilk M) and microbiological (with automatic system Soleris) milk samples commodity from the mountain area Gurghiu Valley. Milk samples were taken from cows of indigenous breed belonging to traditional households (n=650), to microfarms (n=11) and commercial farms (n=2). From each source were analyzed 10 samples of milk each month, having a total of 240 sample/lot or 720 per entire amount of processed milk. According to the followed objectives, the interpretations were mainly focused on development of the freezing point and of TNG. Statistical analysis was focused on the correlations between these parameters and seasonal influences. Results: The evolution of the freezing point was characterized by insignificant statistically differences (p = 0.071) and very close mean values (between - 0.5660C and - 0.5650 C) among 3 samples and by significant statistically differences (p = 0.0001) between winter seasons with the highest values (- 0.5600C) and autumn, with the lowest levels (-0.5710C). Regarding the evolution of the microbial content of raw milk is important to note the oscillations of TNG, which are influenced by variables: sampled and season. At the level of the lot, TNG has reached higher levels (71.210 CFU/mL) in the case of milk from individual farms. The evolution of the seasonal influences revealed minimal levels (64.300 CFU/mL) in summer and the maximum levels in the autumn (76.720 CFU/mL), with statistically significant differences (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: We believe that seasonal patterns, with statistically significant differences, marked by significant decreases of the freezing point during autumn, associated with minimum values of TNG in summer and maximal in autumn, support the implementation of the freezing point - TNG correlation in the evaluation of the freshness and health of milk obtained in mountainous areas.
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Galitzki, Nicholas, Peter A. R. Ade, Francesco E. Angilè, Peter Ashton, James A. Beall, Dan Becker, Kristi J. Bradford, et al. "The Next Generation BLAST Experiment." Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation 03, no. 02 (November 2014): 1440001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251171714400017.
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The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry (BLASTPol) was a suborbital experiment designed to map magnetic fields in order to study their role in star formation processes. BLASTPol made detailed polarization maps of a number of molecular clouds during its successful flights from Antarctica in 2010 and 2012. We present the next-generation BLASTPol instrument (BLAST-TNG) that will build off the success of the previous experiment and continue its role as a unique instrument and a test bed for new technologies. With a 16-fold increase in mapping speed, BLAST-TNG will make larger and deeper maps. Major improvements include a 2.5-m carbon fiber mirror that is 40% wider than the BLASTPol mirror and ~3000 polarization sensitive detectors. BLAST-TNG will observe in three bands at 250, 350, and 500 μm. The telescope will serve as a pathfinder project for microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) technology, as applied to feedhorn-coupled submillimeter detector arrays. The liquid helium cooled cryostat will have a 28-day hold time and will utilize a closed-cycle 3 He refrigerator to cool the detector arrays to 270 mK. This will enable a detailed mapping of more targets with higher polarization resolution than any other submillimeter experiment to date. BLAST-TNG will also be the first balloon-borne telescope to offer shared risk observing time to the community. This paper outlines the motivation for the project and the instrumental design.
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Donnari, Martina, Annalisa Pillepich, Dylan Nelson, Mark Vogelsberger, Shy Genel, Rainer Weinberger, Federico Marinacci, Volker Springel, and Lars Hernquist. "The star formation activity of IllustrisTNG galaxies: main sequence, UVJ diagram, quenched fractions, and systematics." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 485, no. 4 (March 12, 2019): 4817–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz712.
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Abstract We select galaxies from the IllustrisTNG hydrodynamical simulations ($M_{\rm stars}\gt 10^9 \, {\rm M}_\odot$ at 0 ≤ z ≤ 2) and characterize the shapes and evolutions of their UVJ and star formation rate–stellar mass (SFR–Mstars) diagrams. We quantify the systematic uncertainties related to different criteria to classify star-forming versus quiescent galaxies, different SFR estimates, and by accounting for the star formation measured within different physical apertures. The TNG model returns the observed features of the UVJ diagram at z ≤ 2, with a clear separation between two classes of galaxies. It also returns a tight star-forming main sequence (MS) for $M_{\rm stars}\lt 10^{10.5} \, ({\rm M}_\odot)$ with a ∼0.3 dex scatter at z ∼ 0 in our fiducial choices. If a UVJ-based cut is adopted, the TNG MS exhibits a downwardly bending at stellar masses of about 1010.5−10.7 M⊙. Moreover, the model predicts that ${\sim }80\, (50)$ per cent of 1010.5−11 M⊙ galaxies at z = 0 (z = 2) are quiescent and the numbers of quenched galaxies at intermediate redshifts and high masses are in better agreement with observational estimates than previous models. However, shorter SFR-averaging time-scales imply higher normalizations and scatter of the MS, while smaller apertures lead to underestimating the galaxy SFRs: overall we estimate the inspected systematic uncertainties to sum up to about 0.2−0.3 dex in the locus of the MS and to about 15 percentage points in the fraction of quenched galaxies. While TNG colour distributions are clearly bimodal, this is not the case for the SFR logarithmic distributions in bins of stellar mass (SFR ≳ 10−3 M⊙yr−1). Finally, the slope and z = 0 normalization of the TNG MS are consistent with observational findings; however, the locus of the TNG MS remains lower by about 0.2−0.5 dex at 0.75 ≤ z < 2 than the available observational estimates taken at face value.
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Dang Quoc, Huu, Loc Nguyen The, Cuong Nguyen Doan, and Naixue Xiong. "Effective Evolutionary Algorithm for Solving the Real-Resource-Constrained Scheduling Problem." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (October 14, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8897710.
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This paper defines and introduces the formulation of the Real-RCPSP (Real-Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem), a new variant of the MS-RCPSP (Multiskill Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem). Real-RCPSP is an optimization problem that has been attracting widespread interest from the research community in recent years. Real-RCPSP has become a critical issue in many fields such as resource allocation to perform tasks in Edge Computing or arranging robots at industrial production lines at factories and IoT systems. Compared to the MS-RCPSP, the Real-RCPSP is supplemented with assumptions about the execution time of the task, so it is more realistic. The previous algorithms for solving the MS-RCPSP have only been verified on simulation data, so their results are not completely convincing. In addition, those algorithms are designed only to solve the MS-RCPSP, so they are not completely suitable for solving the new Real-RCPSP. Inspired by the Cuckoo Search approach, this literature proposes an evolutionary algorithm that uses the function Reallocate for fast convergence to the global extremum. In order to verify the proposed algorithm, the experiments were conducted on two datasets: (i) the iMOPSE simulation dataset that previous studies had used and (ii) the actual TNG dataset collected from the textile company TNG. Experimental results on the iMOPSE simulation dataset show that the proposed algorithm achieves better solution quality than the existing algorithms, while the experimental results on the TNG dataset have proved that the proposed algorithm decreases the execution time of current production lines at the TNG company.
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Casali, G., L. Magrini, A. Frasca, A. Bragaglia, G. Catanzaro, V. D’Orazi, R. Sordo, et al. "Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 643 (October 27, 2020): A12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039176.
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Context. Open clusters are excellent tracers of the chemical evolution of the Galactic disc. The spatial distribution of their elemental abundances, through the analysis of high-quality and high-resolution spectra, provides insight into the chemical evolution and mechanisms of element nucleosynthesis in regions characterised by different conditions (e.g. star formation efficiency and metallicity). Aims. In the framework of the Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) project, we present new observations and spectral analysis of four sparsely studied open clusters located in the solar neighbourhood, namely Collinder 350, Gulliver 51, NGC 7044, and Ruprecht 171. Methods. We exploit the HARPS-N spectrograph at the TNG telescope to acquire high-resolution optical spectra for 15 member stars of four clusters. We derive stellar parameters (Teff, log g, [Fe/H] and ξ) using both the equivalent width (EW) analysis and the spectral fitting technique. We compute elemental abundances for light, α-, iron-peak, and n-capture elements using the EW measurement approach. We investigate the origin of the correlation between metallicity and stellar parameters derived with the EW method for the coolest stars of the sample (Teff < 4300 K). The correlation is likely due to the challenging continuum setting and to a general inaccuracy of model atmospheres used to reproduce the conditions of very cool giant stars. Results. We locate the properties of our clusters in the radial distributions of metallicity and abundance ratios, comparing our results with clusters from the Gaia-ESO and APOGEE surveys. We present the [X/Fe]−[Fe/H] and [X/Fe]−RGC trends for elements in common between the two surveys. Finally, we derive the C and Li abundances as a function of the evolutionary phase and compare them with theoretical models. Conclusions. The SPA survey, with its high-resolution spectra, allows us to fully characterise the chemistry of nearby clusters. With a single set of spectra, we provide chemical abundances for a variety of chemical elements, which are comparable to those obtained in two of the largest surveys combined. The metallicities and abundance ratios of our clusters fit very well in the radial distributions defined by the recent literature, reinforcing the importance of star clusters to outline the spatial distribution of abundances in our Galaxy. Moreover, the abundances of C and Li, modified by stellar evolution during the giant phase, agree with evolutionary prescriptions (rotation-induced mixing) for their masses and metallicities.
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Gordon, Sam, Adrian Sinclair, Philip Mauskopf, Gabriele Coppi, Mark Devlin, Bradley Dober, Laura Fissel, et al. "Preflight Detector Characterization of BLAST-TNG." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 200, no. 5-6 (April 24, 2020): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-020-02459-6.
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Bortoletto, Fabio. "The commissioning of the TNG telescope." New Astronomy Reviews 45, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-6473(00)00124-x.
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Carolo, Elena, Silvano Desidera, Raffaele Gratton, Aldo Martinez Fiorenzano, Michael Endl, Rosario Cosentino, Mauro Barbieri, et al. "Planet candidates from the SARG visual binary survey." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S276 (October 2010): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311020539.
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Rivasi, Giulia, Parisa Torabi, Gianmarco Secco, Andrea Ungar, Richard Sutton, Michele Brignole, and Artur Fedorowski. "Age-related tilt test responses in patients with suspected reflex syncope." EP Europace 23, no. 7 (February 10, 2021): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euab024.
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Abstract Aims Tilt testing (TT) is recognized to be a valuable contribution to the diagnosis and the pathophysiology of vasovagal syncope (VVS). This study aimed to assess the influence of age on TT responses by examination of a large patient cohort. Methods and results Retrospective data from three experienced European Syncope Units were merged to include 5236 patients investigated for suspected VVS by the Italian TT protocol. Tilt testing-positivity rates and haemodynamics were analysed across age-decade subgroups. Of 5236 investigated patients, 3129 (60%) had a positive TT. Cardioinhibitory responses accounted for 16.5% of positive tests and were more common in younger patients, decreasing from the age of 50–59 years. Vasodepressor (VD) responses accounted for 24.4% of positive tests and prevailed in older patients, starting from the age of 50–59. Mixed responses (59.1% of cases) declined slightly with increasing age. Overall, TT positivity showed a similar age-related trend (P = 0.0001) and was significantly related to baseline systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001). Tilt testing was positive during passive phase in 18% and during nitroglycerine (TNG)-potentiated phase in 82% of cases. Positivity rate of passive phase declined with age (P = 0.001), whereas positivity rate during TNG remained quite stable. The prevalence of cardioinhibitory and VD responses was similar during passive and TNG-potentiated TT, when age-adjusted. Conclusions Age significantly impacts the haemodynamic pattern of TT responses, starting from the age of 50. Conversely, TT phase—passive or TNG-potentiated—does not significantly influence the type of response, when age-adjusted. Vagal hyperactivity dominates in younger patients, older patients show tendency to vasodepression.
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Yang, Hua-Yu, Yun Wang, Ping He, Weishan Zhu, and Long-Long Feng. "The spatial distribution deviation and the power suppression of baryons from dark matter." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 509, no. 1 (October 22, 2021): 1036–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3062.
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ABSTRACT The spatial distribution between dark matter and baryonic matter of the Universe is biased or deviates from each other. In this work, by comparing the results derived from IllustrisTNG and WIGEON simulations, we find that many results obtained from TNG are similar to those from WIGEON data, but differences between the two simulations do exist. For the ratio of density power spectrum between dark matter and baryonic matter, as scales become smaller and smaller, the power spectra for baryons are increasingly suppressed for WIGEON simulations; while for TNG simulations, the suppression stops at $k=15-20\, {h {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$, and the power spectrum ratios increase when $k\gt 20\, {h {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$. The suppression of power ratio for WIGEON is also redshift-dependent. From z = 1 to z = 0, the power ratio decreases from about 70 per cent to less than 50 per cent at $k=8\, {h {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$. For TNG simulation, the suppression of power ratio is enhanced with decreasing redshifts in the scale range $k\gt 4\, {h {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$, but is nearly unchanged with redshifts in $k\lt 4\, {h {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$. These results indicate that turbulent heating can also have the consequence to suppress the power ratio between baryons and dark matter. Regarding the power suppression for TNG simulations as the norm, the power suppression by turbulence for WIGEON simulations is roughly estimated to be 45 per cent at $k=2\, {h {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$, and gradually increases to 69 per cent at $k=8\, {h {\rm Mpc}^{-1}}$, indicating the impact of turbulence on the cosmic baryons are more significant on small scales.
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Okuno, Mitsuru, Masayuki Torii, Hideto Naruo, Yoko Saito-Kokubu, and Tetsuo Kobayashi. "AMS 14C Dates and Major Element Composition of Glass Shards of Late Pleistocene Tephras on Tanegashima Island, Southern Japan." Radiocarbon 54, no. 3-4 (2012): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047135.
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Four late Pleistocene tephra layers—Tane I (Tn1), II (Tn2), III (Tn3), and IV (Tn4) in ascending order—are intercalated between widespread tephras, Kikai-Tozurahara (K-Tz: 95 ka) and Aira-Tn (AT: 30 cal kBP), on Tanegashima Island, in southern Japan. Paleolithic ruins such as the Yokomine C and Tatikiri archaeological sites were excavated from the loam layer between the Tn4 and Tn3 tephras. To refine the chronological framework on the island, we conducted accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating for 2 paleosol and 6 charcoal samples related with the late Pleistocene tephras and the Yokomine C archaeological site. The obtained 14C dates are consistent with the stratigraphy in calendar years, 33 cal kBP for Tn4, 40 cal kBP for Tn3, and >50 cal kBP for Tn2 and Tn1. The charcoal dates from Yokomine C, 32–38 cal kBP, not only constrain the age of Tn4 and Tn3 ashes, but also serve as a possible date for the site. We also measured the major element compositions of volcanic glass shards with EDS-EPMA to characterize these tephras. Although we could not find a possible correlative for Tn3 and Tn4 ashes using major element oxides of the glass shards, i.e. 75–76 wt% in SiO2, the glass chemistry obtained in this study will be valuable in correlating these tephras with their source volcanoes in the near future.
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Astawan, Made. "The Effect of Soybeans Germination on Nutrition Potentials and Bioactive Components of Fresh and Semangit Tempe." JURNAL PANGAN 29, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33964/jp.v29i1.460.
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Tempe is a traditional food from Indonesian made from soybeans fermented with Rhizopus spp. Based on the fermentation time, tempeh is divided into fresh tempeh and semangit tempe. Purpose of this study to determine the difference in chemical composition between fresh tempe flour from germination soybean (SG) and non-germination (SNG) and semangit tempe flour made from germination soybean (TG) and non-germination (TNG). Stage of the research include soybean germination process for 24 hours, making fresh tempe (48 hours fermentation), making semangit tempeh (120 hours fermentation), the process of making fresh tempe flour and semangit tempe flour. Analysis carried out on all tempeh flour includes yield, proximate, crude fiber, antioxidants and isoflavones. The process of germination of soybean as a raw material and the addition of fermentation time had no significant effect (p> 0,05) on the nutritional component, but had a significant effect (p <0,05) on the isoflavone levels and antioxidant activity of fresh tempe flour and semangit tempe flour produced. TNG has the highest levels of isidlavone daidzein and genistein, which are 432,8 and 707,8 μg / g, respectively. TNG has the highest antioxidant capacity (IC50 value of 2109 ppm) which is significantly better than SG and SNG, but not significantly different from TG.
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Smith, Brent M. "“Children are not allowed on the bridge!”." Science Fiction Film & Television 17, no. 2 (June 2024): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sfftv.2024.8.
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This article explores the relationship between sf and narratives of technological progress through a reading of Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–94), examining the series within the historical context of the growing use of home Internet during the late 1980s and 1990s. I argue that TNG highlights the ways in which narratives about the Internet and its use were structured by neoconservative “family values” and by ideas about technological development rooted in Enlightenment narratives of historical evolution, and shaped by heteronormative, patriarchal, and Eurocentric power relations. TNG ’s construction of familial relationships within the series is partially organized by this heteronormative logic, which dominated discourses around the family and Internet technology during the era, while simultaneously subverting this logic and illuminating the utopian potential of queer kinship. Particularly central to the logic undergirding discussions about the promise and threat of home Internet was the figure of the child. Building on Lee Edelman’s (2004) notion of “reproductive futurity,” I mobilize the concept of “reproductive techno-futurity” to explore how TNG , through the character of Lt. Cmdr. Data (Brent Spiner), highlights the inter-articulation of reproductive futurity with evolutionary concepts of technological progress while also gesturing to the limits of these figurations through queer re-imaginings of the technological child.
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Lv, Hongming, Wenzhi Ren, Yuwei Zheng, Lidong Wang, Gejin Lu, Pengfei Yi, and Xinxin Ci. "Tenuigenin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB and inducing Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in macrophages." Food & Function 7, no. 1 (2016): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fo00807g.
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Tenuigenin (TNG), isolated from the root of the Chinese herb Polygala tenuifolia, possesses various biological and pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation activities.
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Fanelli, C., L. Origlia, E. Oliva, E. Dalessandro, A. Mucciarelli, and N. Sanna. "Stellar population astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 660 (March 30, 2022): A7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142492.
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Context. The Perseus complex in the outer disk of the Galaxy hosts a number of clusters and associations of young stars. Gaia is providing a detailed characterization of their kinematic structure and evolutionary properties. Aims. Within the SPA Large Program at the TNG, we secured HARPS-N and GIANO-B high-resolution optical and near-infrared (NIR) spectra of the young red supergiant (RSG) stars in the Perseus complex in order to obtain accurate radial velocities, stellar parameters, and detailed chemical abundances. Methods. We used spectral synthesis to best fit hundreds of atomic and molecular lines in the spectra of the observed 27 RSGs. We obtained accurate estimates of the stellar temperature, gravity, micro- and macroturbulence velocities, and chemical abundances for 25 different elements. We also measured the 12C/13C abundance ratio. Results. Our combined optical and NIR chemical study provides homogeneous half-solar iron with a low dispersion, about solar-scaled abundance ratios for the iron-peak, alpha-, and other light elements, and a low enhancement of Na, K, and neutron-capture elements. This is consistent with the thin-disk chemistry traced by older stellar populations at a similar galactocentric distance of about 10 kpc. We inferred an enhancement of N and a depletion of C and of the 12C/13C isotopic abundance ratio that are consistent with mixing processes in the stellar interiors during the RSG evolution.
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Alonso-Santiago, J., A. Frasca, G. Catanzaro, A. Bragaglia, G. Andreuzzi, R. Carrera, E. Carretta, et al. "Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 656 (December 2021): A149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141747.
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Stock 2 is a little-studied open cluster that shows an extended main-sequence turnoff (eMSTO). In order to investigate this phenomenon and characterise the cluster itself, we performed high-resolution spectroscopy in the framework of the Stellar Population Astrophysics project. We employed the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher in the Northern hemisphere spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG). We completed our observations with additional spectra taken with the Catania Astrophysical Observatory Spectropolarimeter. We observed 46 stars (dwarfs and giants). They represent by far the largest sample collected for this cluster to date. We provide the stellar parameters, the extinction, and the radial and projected rotational velocities for most of the stars. Chemical abundances for 21 species with atomic numbers up to 56 have also been derived. We note a differential reddening in the cluster field with an average value of 0.27 mag. This appears the main cause for the observed eMSTO because it cannot be explained as the result of different rotational velocities, as found in other clusters. We estimate an age for Stock 2 of 450 ± 150 Ma, which corresponds to a MSTO stellar mass of ≈2.8 M⊙. The cluster mean radial velocity is about 8.0 km s−1. We find a solar-like metallicity for the cluster, [Fe/H] = −0.07 ± 0.06, compatible with its galactocentric distance. The chemical abundances of main-sequence stars and giants are compatible within the errors. The exceptions are barium and strontium, which are clearly overabundant in giants, and cobalt, which is only marginally overabundant. Finally, the chemical composition of Stock 2 is fully compatible with the composition observed in other open clusters of the Galactic thin-disc population.
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Origlia, L., E. Dalessandro, N. Sanna, A. Mucciarelli, E. Oliva, G. Cescutti, M. Rainer, A. Bragaglia, and G. Bono. "Stellar population astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 629 (September 2019): A117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936283.
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Aims. The Scutum complex in the inner disk of the Galaxy hosts a number of young clusters and associations of red supergiant stars that are heavily obscured by dust extinction. These stars are important tracers of the recent star formation and chemical enrichment history in the inner Galaxy. Methods. Within the SPA Large Programme at the TNG, we secured GIANO-B high-resolution (R ≃ 50 000) YJHK spectra of 11 red supergiants toward the Alicante 7 and Alicante 10 associations near the RSGC3 cluster. Taking advantage of the full YJHK spectral coverage of GIANO in a single exposure, we were able to measure several hundreds of atomic and molecular lines that are suitable for chemical abundance determinations. We also measured a prominent diffuse interstellar band at λ1317.8 nm (vacuum). This provides an independent reddening estimate. Results. The radial velocities, Gaia proper motions, and extinction of seven red supergiants in Alicante 7 and three in Alicante 10 are consistent with them being members of the associations. One star toward Alicante 10 has kinematics and low extinction that are inconsistent with a membership. By means of spectral synthesis and line equivalent width measurements, we obtained chemical abundances for iron-peak, CNO, alpha, other light, and a few neutron-capture elements. We found average slightly subsolar iron abundances and solar-scaled [X/Fe] abundance patterns for most of the elements, consistent with a thin-disk chemistry. We found depletion of [C/Fe], enhancement of [N/Fe], and relatively low 12C/13C < 15, which is consistent with CN cycled material and possibly some additional mixing in their atmospheres.
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Ryde, N., H. Hartman, E. Oliva, L. Origlia, N. Sanna, M. Rainer, B. Thorsbro, E. Dalessandro, and G. Bono. "Stellar population astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 631 (October 23, 2019): L3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936594.
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Context. In the advent of new infrared high-resolution spectrometers, accurate and precise atomic data in the infrared are urgently needed. Identifications, wavelengths, strengths, broadening, and hyper-fine splitting parameters of stellar lines in the near-infrared are in many cases not accurate enough to model observed spectra, and in other cases, these parameters do not even exist. Some stellar features are unidentified. Aims. The aim with this work is to identify a spectral feature at λvac = 1063.891 nm or λair = 1063.600 nm that is visible in spectra of stars of different spectral types that are observed with the GIANO-B spectrometer. Methods. The search for spectral lines to match the unidentified feature in line lists from standard atomic databases was not successful. However, by investigating the original published laboratory data, we were able to identify the feature and solve the problem. To confirm its identification, we modelled the presumed stellar line in the solar intensity spectrum and found an excellent match. Results. We find that the observed spectral feature is a stellar line originating from the 4s′–4p′ transition in S I, and that the reason for its absence in atomic line databases is a neglected air-to-vacuum correction in the original laboratory measurements from 1967 for this line only. From interpolation we determine the laboratory wavelength of the S I line to be λvac = 1063.8908 nm or λair = 1063.5993 nm, and the excitation energy of the upper level to be 9.74978 eV.
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D’Orazi, V., E. Oliva, A. Bragaglia, A. Frasca, N. Sanna, K. Biazzo, G. Casali, et al. "Stellar population astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 633 (January 2020): A38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936651.
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Context. Open clusters exquisitely track the Galactic disc chemical properties and its time evolution; a substantial number of studies and large spectroscopic surveys focus mostly on the chemical content of relatively old clusters (age ≳ 1 Gyr). Interestingly, the less studied young counterpart populating the solar surrounding has been found to be solar (at most), with a notable surprising lack of young metal-rich objects. While there is wide consensus about the moderately above-solar composition of the Hyades cluster, the metallicity of Praesepe is still controversial. Recent studies suggest that these two clusters share identical chemical composition and age, but this conclusion is disputed. Aims. With the aim of reassessing the metallicity of Praesepe, and its difference (if any) with the Hyades cluster, we present in this paper a spectroscopic investigation of ten solar-type dwarf members. Methods. We exploited GIARPS at the TNG to acquire high-resolution, high-quality optical and near-IR spectra and derived stellar parameters, metallicity ([Fe/H]), light elements, α- and iron-peak elements, by using a strictly differential (line-by-line) approach. We also analysed in the very same way the solar spectrum and the Hyades solar analogue HD 28099. Results. Our findings suggest that Praesepe is more metal-rich than the Hyades, at the level of Δ[Fe/H] = +0.05 ± 0.01 dex, with a mean value of [Fe/H] = +0.21 ± 0.01 dex. All the other elements scale with iron, as expected. This result seems to reject the hypothesis of a common origin for these two open clusters. Most importantly, Praesepe is currently the most metal-rich, young open cluster living in the solar neighbourhood.