Relevant bibliographies by topics / TNT (Chemical)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'TNT (Chemical)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'TNT (Chemical).'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "TNT (Chemical)"

1

Davel, J., M. T. Suidan, and N. Adrian. "Biodegradation of the energetic compound TNT through a multiple-stage treatment approach." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 9 (May 1, 2003): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0509.

Full text
Abstract:
Biodegradation of the energetic compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its intermediate 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TAT) was investigated in this study. From previous investigations, a relationship between the biological utilization of ethanol as co-substrate for the reduction of TNT under anaerobic conditions was proposed using an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor (AFBR). In this study, the theoretical co-substrate requirement for reduction of TNT to TAT was further investigated through the systematic lowering of the ethanol loading to the reactor. Near complete reduction to TAT was observed up to a critical ethanol loading point, as well as the production of methane from the limited excess available ethanol. Once ethanol deficient loading conditions were established, the increased presence of incompletely reduced degradation intermediates, such as 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene, and even TNT, was observed. The cessation of methanogenesis confirmed that no excess ethanol was available. Degradation of the TAT intermediate in the reactor effluent was investigated using two second-stage reactors under oxidizing conditions. The first was an aerobic activated sludge reactor, and the second was a denitrifying fluidized-bed reactor (DenFBR). The aerobic reactor was successful in lowering the chemical oxygen demand (COD), but complete removal of TAT was not accomplished. Because of TAT polymerization and auto-oxidation under aerobic conditions, it was difficult to confirm to what extent of TAT removal was biological. In the DenFBR, incompletely reduced TNT intermediates were not successfully degraded, but strong evidence existed for the degradation of TAT. This is the first known report of second stage degradation of TAT under denitrifying conditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Liao, Chang-Yu, H. Paul Wang, and Hong-Ping Lin. "Chemical Structure of TiO2Nanotube Photocatalysts Promoted by Copper and Iron." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/243160.

Full text
Abstract:
TiO2nanotubes (TNTs) promoted by copper (5%) (Cu-TNT) and iron (5%) (Fe-TNT) were prepared for visible-light photocatalysis. By X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, it is found that the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) on Cu-TNT and Fe-TNT is associated with the predominant surface photoactive sites A2((Ti=O)O4). By extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, the dispersed copper and iron also cause increases in the Ti–O and Ti–(O)–Ti bond distances by 0.01-0.02 and 0.04-0.05 Å, respectively. The decreased Ti–O bonding energy may lead to an increase of photoexcited electron transport. The copper- or-iron promoted TNT can thus enhance photocatalytic degradation of MB under the visible-light radiation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Liu, Yan, Chongwei An, Jin Luo, and Jingyu Wang. "High-density HNIW/TNT cocrystal synthesized using a green chemical method." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 74, no. 4 (July 23, 2018): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520618008442.

Full text
Abstract:
The main challenge for achieving better energetic materials is to increase their density. In this paper, cocrystals of HNIW (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, often referred to as CL-20) with TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) were synthesized using ethanol in a green chemical method. The cocrystal was formulated as C13H11N15O18 and possesses a higher density (1.934 g cm−3) than published previously (1.846 g cm−3). This high-density cocrystal possesses a new structure, which can be substantiated by the different types of hydrogen bonds. The predominant driving forces that connect HNIW with TNT in the new cocrystal were studied at ambient conditions using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results reveal that the structure of the new HNIW/TNT cocrystals consists of three one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded chains exploiting the familiar HNIW–TNT multi-component supramolecular structure, in which two hydrogen-bonded chains are between —NO2 (HNIW) and —CH (TNT), and one hydrogen-bonded chain is between —CH (HNIW) and —NO2 (TNT). The changes to the electron binding energy and type of element in the new cocrystal were traced using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the physicochemical characteristics alter after cocrystallization due to the hydrogen bonding. It was found that the new HNIW/TNT cocrystal is more thermodynamically stable than HNIW. Thermodynamic aspects of new cocrystal decomposition are investigated in order to explain this observation. The detonation velocity of new HNIW/TNT cocrystals is 8631 m s−1, close to that of HNIW, whereas the mechanical sensitivity is lower than HNIW.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Alekseev, Sergey G. "A Brief history of the chemical transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene." Butlerov Communications 62, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-4-1.

Full text
Abstract:
The results of works published in the open press over the past 100 years on the possibilities of converting one of the most well-known and widely used blasting explosives (EX) – 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT, TOL, TNT) into "conversion" chemical products are summarized having a diverse and commercially attractive application. Examples of the first industrial use of TNT are not given as explosives, but as inexpensive and affordable chemical raw materials for the production of components of photosensitive compositions. The reasons for the second more intensive period of development of works (late 20th – early 21st centuries) on revealing the synthetic potential of TNT are noted. The most promising areas of work are discussed: the synthesis of polyfunctional organic compounds of a carbo (hetero) cyclic structure, interesting as biologically active substances, precursors for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, original polymers and resins, etc. The article makes assumptions about the reasons for the fact that so far TNT has not found wide practical application as an almost universal starting compound for obtaining a wide range of products of small and large-tonnage organic intesa. Using examples of the results of their own work on obtaining original, effective dyes and pigments, sorption-active compounds, structural analogues of hard-to-reach, but practically significant natural substances, the authors suggest ways of involving TNT in the practice of industrial organic synthesis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Wang, Jin, Hiroki Nagata, Masaki Ando, Yuichi Yoshida, Kenji Sakai, and Toshihiko Kiwa. "Visualization of Charge-Transfer Complex for the Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Using Terahertz Chemical Microscope." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 117517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac3a2c.

Full text
Abstract:
This study focuses on the visualization of a charge-transfer complex, namely a Meisenheimer complex, for the detection of uncharged 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosives by developing a terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) imaging system. The organic amine 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was immobilized on an SiO2-film-coated TCM sensing plate, where it interacted with TNT molecules. The surface electrical potential distribution of TNT, APTES, and the charge-transfer complex was mapped. An electrical potential shift occurred due to the formation of a charge-transfer complex between the electron-rich amino-silane APTES and electron-deficient TNT molecules on the surface of the sensing plate. The electrical imaging and detection of TNT explosives by using the TCM imaging system were demonstrated by measuring the amplitude of the terahertz pulse caused by this electrical potential shift. N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and N1-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine were used for further evaluation and comparison of color changes arising from the amine-TNT interactions. The results have shown that TCM imaging is a promising method for the detection of uncharged TNT explosives at a low (sub-parts-per-million) concentration.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Li, Yanchi, Guanyu Chen, and Xiang Li. "Automated Recognition of Chemical Molecule Images Based on an Improved TNT Model." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020680.

Full text
Abstract:
The automated recognition of optical chemical structures, with the help of machine learning, could speed up research and development efforts. However, historical sources often have some level of image corruption, which reduces the performance to near zero. To solve this downside, we need a dependable algorithmic program to help chemists to further expand their research. This paper reports the results of research conducted for the Bristol-Myers Squibb-Molecular Translation competition, which was held on Kaggle and which invited participants to convert old chemical images to their underlying chemical structures, annotated as InChI text; we define this work as molecular translation. We proposed a model based on a transformer, which can be utilized in molecular translation. To better capture the details of the chemical structure, the image features we want to extract need to be accurate at the pixel level. TNT is one of the existing transformer models that can meet this requirement. This model was originally used for image classification, and is essentially a transformer-encoder, which cannot be utilized for generation tasks. On the other hand, we believe that TNT cannot integrate the local information of images well, so we improve the core module of TNT—TNT block—and propose a novel module—Deep TNT block—by stacking the module to form an encoder structure, and then use the vanilla transformer-decoder as a decoder, forming a chemical formula generation model based on the encoder–decoder structure. Since molecular translation is an image-captioning task, we named it the Image Captioning Model based on Deep TNT (ICMDT). A comparison with different models shows that our model has benefits in each convergence speed and final description accuracy. We have designed a complete process in the model inference and fusion phase to further enhance the final results.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Alexander, M., R. A. Kalaivani, V. Sriraman, and U. Senthilkumar. "Electro Polymerization of o-Phenylenediamine Using Palladium Nanoparticles Coated Fabricated TiO2 Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 10 (August 30, 2019): 2229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22079.

Full text
Abstract:
Fabricated titanate nanotubes (f-TNT) are prepared by chemical deposition method using linen fiber. The f-TNTs is fabricated by TiO2 nanoparticles, the each TiO2 nanoparticles diameter has 80-100 nm in range. The Pd0 nanoparticle was coated on the surface of the f-TNT by chemical reduction method, using NaBH4 as reducing agent. The prepared Pd/f-TNTs characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM and HRTEM, the result shows that the f-TNT diameter is 1500 nm and Pd nanoparticles range in 20-50 nm. The Pd/f-TNT nanocomposite modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode shows quasi irreversible redox behaviours in cyclic voltammeter. Those Pd/f-TNTs modified electrode is utilized for electrochemical polymerization of o-phenylenediamine in acid medium.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Jenkins, T. "Chemical signatures of TNT-filled land mines." Talanta 54, no. 3 (May 10, 2001): 501–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(00)00547-6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Bowen, J., L. J. Noe, B. P. Sullivan, K. Morris, V. Martin, and G. Donnelly. "Gas-Phase Detection of Trinitrotoluene Utilizing a Solid-Phase Antibody Immobilized on a Gold Film by Means of Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 57, no. 8 (August 2003): 906–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370203322258850.

Full text
Abstract:
A multilayered biosensor was constructed and found to detect trinitrotoluene (TNT) in ppb concentrations in air both prior to and after detonation of TNT without use of a liquid phosphate buffered saline (PBS) superstrate. The biosensor surface was fabricated from a monoclonal antibody for TNT covalently bound to an 11,11′-dithio-bis(succinimidoylundecanoate) (DSU) self-assembled monolayer immobilized on a thin gold film bonded to a BK7 glass slide. The binding between the immobilized antibody and TNT antigen was detected using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPRS). Biosensor specificity for TNT was demonstrated with chemical homologues as well as against an unrelated explosive, RDX.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Talaat, Ahmed, Ahmed Elbeih, Hesham Tantawy, and Ahmed K. Hussein. "Thermal behavior and explosive properties of TNT/RGO." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2305, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2305/1/012022.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), is the most widely accessible explosive. Thanks to the melt cast characteristics (melting temperature of TNT is 80-82 °C,), lead to contribute in many applications as mortars, grenades, artillery rounds, warheads, and antipersonnel mines. TNT has high chemical stability, and moderate sensitivity. In this paper, a novel addition of nano particles of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was added to enhance the TNT characteristics. A composite TNT/RGO 98:2 wt. % was prepared. The morphology of the composite mixture was captured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity were evaluated, thermal behavior was investigated using diffeential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the characterization of the prepared composite and pure TNT was examined using an X-Ray diffractometer. Explosive characteristics were determined by detonation velocity and brisance by Kast . The results showed improvement in the sensitivity with reserving the high explosive characteristics of TNT. Interestingly, a decrease in the melting point of TNT due to the presence of RGO in the composite was observed. This addition might be an effective parameter in the melting procedure of TNT.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TNT (Chemical)"

1

Yue, Junqi. "Destruction of TNT and RDX residues and devices /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3188852.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Tsui-Bowen, Alethea. "Solid phase microextraction of amino-dinitrotoluenes in tissue." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4649/.

Full text
Abstract:
TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) readily and predominantly transforms to 2ADNT (2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene) and 4ADNT (4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene) in environmental matrixes and tissues. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used to extract ADNTs (amino-dinitrotoluenes) from tissue as a potential method to investigate the recalcitrance of metabolically-generated ADNTs versus absorbed ADNTs. Tubifex tubifex was allowed to metabolize TNT into ADNTs in 24-hr static non-renewal exposure test followed by 24-hr depuration in clean reconstituted hard water. Polyacrylate-coated (PA) SPME fibers were then deployed and agitated in tissue homogenates containing metabolically-generated ADNTs for 48 hr to provide a measure of available ADNTs. Extractability of ADNTs from T. tubifex tissue containing metabolically-generated ADNTs was significantly less than extractability of ADNTs from T. tubifex tissue containing absorbed ADNTs: 50-60% and 81-90% of expected extractability based on fiber-water partition ratio. The lower SPME extractability of metabolically-generated ADNTs may stem from the unavailability of metabolically-generated ADNTs sequestered in tissue or bound to tissue macromolecules during metabolism of TNT to ADNT. Tissue extractions using SPMEs may be able to estimate such bound organic residues in tissue and serve as potential indicators of toxicological bioavailability and biomagnification potential of tissue-associated organic compounds.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Pannier, Andy Joseph. "Reductive transformation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by Yarrowia lipolytica AN-L15 under conditions of different initial pH of the culture medium or in the presence of ferrihydrite." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/pannier/PannierA0509.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
Batch and column studies were conducted to examine the difference in the transformation pathways of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) reduction by a hemiascomycetous yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica AN-L15) under conditions of different initial pH of the culture medium or in the presence or absence of ferrihydrite. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), it was observed that Y. lipolytica AN-L15 was able to transform TNT at three different initial proton concentrations of the culture medium: pH 7.0, pH 6.5, and pH 4.5. In the presence of TNT, Y. lipolytica AN-L15 showed preferential growth (OD₆₀₀) at the lower initial pH of 4.5. The increased growth (OD₆₀₀) resulted in increased reduction of TNT-metabolites in the culture medium with an initial pH of 4.5, as compared to, the culture medium with an initial pH of 6.5 or the culture medium with an initial pH of 7.0. TNT transformation via aromatic ring reduction was the major transformation pathway observed, with the major metabolite being 3-H̄ -TNT. 4-hydroxylaminodinitrotoluene (4-HADNT) was the major metabolite of the nitro-group reduction pathway. In the presence of ferrihydrite at a pH of 7.0, the transformation of TNT by Y. lipolytica AN-L15 showed a change in the transformation pathway. Nitro-group reduction was the major pathway of TNT transformation in the presence of ferrihydrite with 4-HADNT and 2-aminodinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) being the major metabolites formed. The time it took to reduce TNT was longer and the concentrations of TNT-metabolites were lower in the presence of ferrihydrite than in its absence. This may have been due to competition for available electrons between TNT and TNT-metabolites and Fe(III). It is also possible that some of the intermediate products of TNT transformation were oxidized back to TNT-metabolites by Fe(III) resulting in lower concentrations of TNT-metabolites and increased concentrations of Fe(II). This study demonstrates the complexity of the interactions of various environmental parameters, under controlled laboratory conditions, in the transformation of TNT by Y. lipolytica AN-L15.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

LIU, Fangzhu. "Integration of Chemical Oxidation and Biotreatment for Removal of TNT from Explosives Contaminated Soil." MSSTATE, 2002. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-12032002-152100/.

Full text
Abstract:
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is of environmental concern because it?s a possible human carcinogen and it also remains potentially explosive. The Department of the Army (DA) estimates that there are 540,000 cubic meters (700,000 cubic yards) of explosives-contaminated soil at over 2,000 sites that require remediation. Biological treatment of TNT results in the production of the reduced intermediates (such as aminonitrotoluenes). When using chemical oxidation processes to treat TNT, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) is produced. The by-products of both biological and oxidation treatment processes are resistant to further treatment thus they require extensive treatment times. This study evaluated the use of biotic mechanisms that can be used to reduce TNT into aminodinitrotoluenes, which then are oxidized using Fenton?s Reagent oxidation process. Integration experimental results showed that Fenton?s Reagent was capable of degrading TNT, though not as fast as ADNTs. The optimal Fe2+/H2O2 ratio appears to be less than 10:1. The TNT biodegradation rate was higher than the TNT oxidation rate and was biodegraded at a faster rate compared to the ADNTs. It was concluded that the integrated technology showed promise as an effective and innovative technology for treating TNT contaminated soil.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Dudley, Melissa B. Chambliss C. Kevin. "Accumulation of trifluralin and trinitrotoluene (TNT) in two aquatic invertebrates formation and persistence of unextractable biotransformation products /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5155.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Walker, Diane Kathryn. "Impact of a model soil on the biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its amine metabolites." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/walker/WalkerD04.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Hernandez, Rafael. "Integration of zero-valent metals and chemical oxidation for the destruction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene within aqueous matrices." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2002. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11102002-174828.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Conder, Jason M. "Bioavailability and toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in sediment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5549/.

Full text
Abstract:
TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) is a persistent contaminant at many military installations and poses a threat to aquatic ecosystems. Data from environmental fate and toxicity studies with TNT revealed that sediment toxicity test procedures required modification to accurately assess sediment TNT toxicity. Key modifications included aging TNT-spiked sediments 8-14 d, basing lethal dose on measured sediment concentrations of the molar sum of TNT and its main nitroaromatic (NA) transformation products (SNA), basing sublethal dose on average sediment SNA concentrations obtained from integration of sediment SNA transformation models, avoiding overlying water exchanges, and minimizing toxicity test durations. Solid phase microextraction fibers (SPMEs) were investigated as a biomimetic chemical measure of toxicity and bioavailability. Both organism and SPME concentrations provided measures of lethal dose independent of exposure scenario (TNT-spiked sediment or TNT-spiked water) for Tubifex tubifex. Among all benthic organisms tested (Chironomus tentans, Ceriodaphnia dubia, T. tubifex) and matrixes, median lethal dose (LC50) estimates based on SPME and organism concentrations ranged from 12.6 to 55.3 mmol SNA/ml polyacrylate and 83.4 to 172.3 nmol SNA/g tissue, ww, respectively. For Tubifex, LC50s (95% CI) based on SNA concentrations in sediment and SPMEs were 223 (209-238) nmol SNA/g, dw and 27.8 (26.0-29.8) mmol SNA/ml, respectively. Reproductive effects occurred at slightly lower exposures. Median effective dose (EC50) estimates (95% CI) for Tubifex cocoon production, based on sediment and SPME concentrations, were 118 (114-122) nmol SNA/g, dw and 21.8 (21.2-22.4) mmol SNA/ml, respectively. Bioconcentration experiments with Tubifex revealed that compound hydrophobicity predicted the toxicokinetics and bioconcentration of these compounds from water, however, there was a large discrepancy between the toxicokinetics of absorbed versus metabolically-generated aminodinitrotoluenes. A large portion of bioconcentrated, radiolabeled TNT transformation products could not be identified. In addition to their ability to provide matrix-independent measures of dose, SPME concentrations were more accurate indicators of bioavailable NAs than were sediment concentrations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

King, Stephanie. "Capillary Electrophoresis Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis for Monitoring Bacteria during the Remediation of TNT-Contaminated Soil." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1108061640.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Han, Sungsoo. "In situ bioremediation and natural attenuation of dinitrotoluenes and trinitrotoluene." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24700.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Dr. Joseph B. Hughes; Committee Member: Dr. Jian Luo; Committee Member: Dr. Jim C. Spain; Committee Member: Dr. Patricia Sobecky; Committee Member: Dr. Spyros G. Pavlostathis
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "TNT (Chemical)"

1

Michael, Braedt, ed. Die Sprengstoffabrik "Tanne" in Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Geschichte und Perspektive einer Harzer Rüstungsaltlast. Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Papierflieger, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Felt, Deborah R. UV-VIS spectroscopy of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-hydroxide reaction. [Vicksburg, Miss: US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory], 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Protection. The effects of the chemical tributyltin (TBT) on the marine environment: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Environmental Protection of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One hundredth Congress, first session, April 29, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Molnar, Jennifer L. Corporations valuing nature. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0026.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter highlights the importance of not just focusing on win-wins for nature and business, but also where nature doesn’t provide economic benefits, in order to build a stronger case for companies to invest in conservation. Using the collaboration between The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and the Dow Chemical Company as a case study, it describes how a “negative” result in one pilot—where coastal habitats did not provide sufficient storm risk reduction benefits for a Dow site in Texas—helped raise the credibility of naturebased solutions. For engineers and planners to consider using nature-based strategies, they need evidence on where and how they are effective and where they are not. By not overselling nature, TNC gained trust from Dow. It was both the economical solutions found in other pilots and confidence in the objectivity of the analyses that helped make a case for Dow’s corporate-wide commitment to valuing nature.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "TNT (Chemical)"

1

Matsumura, Hideki, Akira Izumi, and Atsushi Masuda. "Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition of a-Si:H TFT." In Thin Film Transistors, 377–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0397-2_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Holla, A. Ravishankar, Ananth Noorithaya, and M. Uttarakumari. "Characterisation of TFT Sensors for Chemical Sensing Applications." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 215–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2999-8_17.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Kraft, M., M. O. Westendorp, P. H. Krammer, O. Schuckert, P. Bayer, P. Rösch, and R. W. Frank. "HIV-1 Tat protein: Chemical synthesis and structural characterisation." In Peptides 1994, 349–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1468-4_155.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Torchinsky, A., U. R. Markert, and V. Toder. "TNF-&agr;-Mediated Stress-Induced Early Pregnancy Loss:A Possible Role of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor." In Chemical Immunology and Allergy, 62–71. Basel: KARGER, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000087913.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Hilerio, I., M. A. Barron, R. T. Hernandez, and A. Altamirano. "Surfaces Improvement by Mecano-Chemicals Processes." In T.T. Chen Honorary Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, Electrometallurgy and Materials Characterization, 681–88. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118364833.ch63.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Neri, M. A., A. Martinez -Villafafie, C. Carrefio, A. D. Gonzalez Escarcega, and O. Cobarrubias-Alvarado. "Metallurgical Characterization of Waspaloy Presenting Variations on Chemical Composition, Grain Size, and Hardness." In T.T. Chen Honorary Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, Electrometallurgy and Materials Characterization, 641–50. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118364833.ch59.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Seo, Jong Hyun. "Corrosion Protection of Aluminum Data Line in TFT-LCD Using Chemical Conversion Coating." In Solid State Phenomena, 1553–56. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-31-0.1553.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Zhang, Lei, Gaifeng Xue, J. Y. Hwang, Lina Wang, and Aimin Duan. "An Experimental Study of Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal from the Coking Wastewater Using Three-Dimensional Electrode Reactor." In T.T. Chen Honorary Symposium on Hydrometallurgy, Electrometallurgy and Materials Characterization, 479–87. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118364833.ch43.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Fabbricino, Massimiliano, Roberto Andreozzi, Laura Clarizia, Alessandra Cesaro, Grazia Policastro, and Concetta di Giovanni. "Consequences of Heterogeneous Explosions and Fires." In Safety in Chemical and Process Industries: A Comprehensive Assessment, 137–69. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815165760123010009.

Full text
Abstract:
Heterogeneous explosions may occur in confined systems, thus leading to confined explosions. In the present chapter, mechanical and chemical explosions in confined and unconfined systems are considered, focusing the attention on their consequences by adopting the TNT-Equivalency method. Additional incidental typologies, such as Pool fire and BLEVE, are also described.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

"Classification of Explosive Materials." In The Chemistry of Explosives, 28–63. 4th ed. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781839164460-00028.

Full text
Abstract:
The main focus of this chapter is on the chemical data of primary and secondary explosives. For this 4th edition the data has been up-dated using recent publications and databases. For primary explosives the chemical data on mercury fulminate, lead styphnate, tetrazene, lead and silver azide is presented and for secondary explosives the chemical data is given for nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, picric acid, tetryl, TNT, nitroguandine, PETN, RDX and HMX, TATB, HNS, NTO, TNAZ, CL-20, FOX-7 and FOX-12, DNAN, LLM-105, DAF, DAAF, ADN, HNF, DNAZ-DN, TATP and HMTD. Chemical data on ammonium nitrate is also included. The classification of explosives is also introduced together with comparisons between primary and secondary explosives, and propellants.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "TNT (Chemical)"

1

Lu, Chi-Yuan, Shin-Hsien Chang, Yu-Tsai Pan, Wei-Cheng Wang, and Kun-Jheng Fan Jiang. "Study of the synthesis of TNT and Pt/TNT catalyst for CO photocatalytic oxidaiton." In 2010 International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (ICCCE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccceng.2010.5560358.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Crocker, Robert W., Brent L. Haroldsen, and Jerome H. Stofleth. "EDS Containment Vessel TNT Equivalence Testing." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65391.

Full text
Abstract:
The V26 containment vessel was procured by the Project Manager, Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel (PMNSCM) for use on the Phase-2 Explosive Destruction Systems. It was fabricated under Code Case 2564 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which provides rules for the design of impulsively loaded vessels [1]. The explosive rating for the vessel, based on the Code Case, is nine (9) pounds TNT-equivalent for up to 637 detonations. This report documents the results of tests that were performed on the vessel at Sandia National Laboratories to qualify the vessel for explosive use [2]. Three of these explosive tests consisted of: (1) 9lbs bare charge of Composition C-4 (equivalent to 11.25lbs TNT); (2) a 7.2lbs bare charge of Composition C-4 (equivalent to 9lbs TNT); (3) a bare charge of 9lbs cast TNT. The results of these tests are compared in order to provide an understanding of how varying charge size affects vessel response when the ratio of free volume to charge volume is small, and in making direct comparisons between TNT and Composition C-4 for TNT equivalency calculations. In a previous paper [3], the 7.2lbs bare charge of Composition C-4, (2) above, was compared to 7.2lbs of Composition C-4 distributed into 6 charges.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Preece, Dale S., Jerome H. Stofleth, David L. Cole, and Paul W. Cooper. "Design of Conical Shaped Charges for Prompt Initiation of TNT Chemical Munition Bursters." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1151.

Full text
Abstract:
The Explosive Destruction System (EDS) has been designed at Sandia National Laboratories for the disposal of chemical munitions (phosgene, mustard gas, sarin etc.), many dating back to World War I. EDS is a portable system that is trailer mounted and consists of a vessel into which a chemical munition can be loaded and neutralized with linear and conical shaped charges. Gases are contained within the sealed chamber. The linear shaped charges split the munition in two and the conical is aimed at the explosive burster, in each munition, which is detonated by the shaped charge jet. Toxic chemicals remaining in the vessel following detonation are neutralized and disposed of. This paper documents the development of a new conical shaped charge (CSC) needed to reliably detonate explosive bursters in an expanding array of chemical munitions that are beyond what the device was originally designed to neutralize. Design of this new CSC was controlled by the need to deliver energy above the detonation threshold into the explosive after penetrating the outer steel casing, fluid, the burster casing and finally the explosive. Design considerations were driven by jet conditions at the steel/explosive interface inside the burster. Parameters to consider in CSC design include: 1) diameter, 2) liner thickness, 3) liner position in body, 4) explosive weight, and 5) liner shape or interior angle. The effects of these parameters on final CSC performance are examined in detail. CSC’s meeting the design specifications have been manufactured and tested. The performance of these charges is compared with the original design requirements.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Irrazábal, Maik, Vivian Florián, Miguel Castro, S. P. Hernández-Rivera, and J. G. Briano. "Effect of environmental parameters on the chemical signature of TNT in soil." In Defense and Security Symposium, edited by Russell S. Harmon, J. Thomas Broach, and John H. Holloway, Jr. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.719840.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Wemhoff, Aaron P., Richard Becker, and Alan K. Burnham. "Calibration of Chemical Kinetic Models Using Simulations of Small-Scale Cookoff Experiments." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56108.

Full text
Abstract:
Establishing safe handling limits for explosives in elevated temperature environments is a difficult problem that often requires extensive simulation. The largest influence on predicting thermal cookoff safety lies in the chemical kinetic model used in these simulations, and these kinetic model reaction sequences often contain multiple steps. Several small-scale cookoff experiments, notably Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), One-Dimensional Time-to-Explosion (ODTX), and the Scaled Thermal Explosion (STEX) have been performed on various explosives to aid in cookoff behavior determination. Past work has used a single test from this group to create a cookoff model, which does not guarantee agreement with the other experiments. In this study, we update the kinetic parameters of an existing model for the common explosive 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) using DSC and ODTX experimental data at the same time by minimizing a global Figure of Merit based on hydrodynamic simulated data. We then show that the new kinetic model maintains STEX agreement, reduces DSC agreement, and improves ODTX and TGA agreement when compared to the original model. In addition, we describe a means to use implicit hydrodynamic simulations of DSC experiments to develop a reaction model for TNT melting.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

PANDELANI, THANYANI, DAVID REINECKE, and SILUMKO HAMILTON. "EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF TNT EQUIVALENCE TO PE4 CHARGES USING A BLAST TEST DEVICE." In 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36119.

Full text
Abstract:
A considerable amount of scientific effort has been expended over many decades on developing means of predicting the loading generated when a blast wave impact structures. The energetic output and the blast load associated with the detonation of a mass of high explosive will differ depending on the chemical composition of the explosive itself. It is therefore convenient to equate the effects of an explosive to TNT. The “TNT equivalent (TNTeq) ratio” refers to the mass ratio of the explosive in question that will produced equal peak overpressure to that equivalent mass of TNT. There is vast range of equivalency ratios for PE4 in the literature. However, there appears to be no research that determines effect of TNT equivalency of spherical shape of PE4 charge detonated on rigid ground surface This paper presents experimental measurements of reflected pressure-time histories from a series of well-controlled small scale blast tests. An investigation of TNT equivalent ratio of spherical PE4 charge detonation on rigid ground was performed using the Blast Test Device (BTD). Our results presented here clearly demonstrates that the TNTeq ratio of 1.37 is higher in the near field environment and TNTeq of 1.2 will be the best to produce blast wave by the hemispherical PE4 detonations on rigid surface. It is also better to compare the peak pressure rather that the injury caused by the pressure profile.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Veignal, Florian, Eric Pasquinet, Céline Frenois, Sarah Golém, Christelle Barthet, Pierre Montméat, and Myriam Bouhadid. "6.4.3 Selection of a sensitive material for the detection of explosive, application to the detection of traces of TNT." In 14th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors - IMCS 2012. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5162/imcs2012/6.4.3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

DYLONG, A. "Impact of TNT Storage Time on Its Physicochemical and Explosives Properties." In Terotechnology XII. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902059-21.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. The Polish Armed Forces have very sizable stocks of explosive ordnance, of which some have exceeded the allowable service life. From the point of view of ageing and acceptable ways of disposal, some high explosives cannot be used if they have been stored for years. That is why studies are performed on the safety of utilizing such kinds of explosive ordnance. During the storage period, high explosives' physical and chemical parameters deteriorate. For example, the sensitivity of such materials increases, resulting in them becoming dangerous. Therefore, diagnostic tests to determine the quality of high explosives for further use (extending the exploitation period or referral for disposal) are conducted. The main goal of this work was to compare how the effect of the ageing process impacts the physical and chemical properties of high explosives and those containing 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in particular. Many factors effectuate the quality of the stored high explosives, e.g. acidity, melting point, decomposition temperature, friction- and impact sensitivity. The authors investigated high explosives from selected mines produced in different periods and compared these results with those obtained from testing mines of previous years.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Báez, Bibiana, Vivian Florián, Samuel P. Hernández-Rivera, Andrea Cabanzo, Sandra Correa, Maik Irrazabal, Julio G. Briano, and Miguel E. Castro. "Detection of chemical signatures from TNT buried in sand at various ambient conditions: phase II." In Defense and Security Symposium, edited by J. Thomas Broach, Russell S. Harmon, and John H. Holloway, Jr. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.666012.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Lee, Juhyeong, Bin Yang, and KunKun Fu. "Exploring Alternative Methods for Simulating Lightning Mechanical Damage Effects on Carbon/Epoxy Laminates." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-88057.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This study introduces three relatively simple predictive material models simulating lightning mechanical damage effects on carbon/epoxy laminates. The alternative lightning mechanical damage models proposed in this work are (1) the conventional weapons effects program (CONWEP) model, (2) the coupled eulerian-lagrangian (CEL) model, and (3) the smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model. These models are developed for 100∼500 kA peak current amplitudes based on total chemical potential energy equivalent to lightning shock wave energy. More specifically, assuming that all lightning shock wave energy is instantaneously converted to chemical potential energy in explosive TNT, two primary factors — an TNT explosive weight and stand-off distance (referring to the distance from the explosion center to the target structure) — are determined to develop CONWEP, CEL, and SPH models. The lightning shock wave model previously published by the authors is considered as a baseline. The predicted dynamic responses (i.e., pressures, displacements, strain rates, and dynamic pressures) and corresponding failure modes are compared with those from the baseline and relevant models available in open literature.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "TNT (Chemical)"

1

Asrat'ev, A. A., V. A. Marchukov, V. G. Suschev, A. V. Aleksandrov, V. V. Semenov, A. C. Buchanan, and A. A. Gakh. Chemical Conversion of TNT: Production of 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzoic Acid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/769293.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Clausen, Jay, Richard Hark, Russ Harmon, John Plumer, Samuel Beal, and Meghan Bishop. A comparison of handheld field chemical sensors for soil characterization with a focus on LIBS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43282.

Full text
Abstract:
Commercially available handheld chemical analyzers for forensic applications have been available for over a decade. Portable systems from multiple vendors can perform X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, and recently laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Together, we have been exploring the development and potential applications of a multisensor system consisting of XRF, Raman, and LIBS for environmental characterization with a focus on soils from military ranges. Handheld sensors offer the potential to substantially increase sample throughput through the elimination of transport of samples back to the laboratory and labor-intensive sample preparation procedures. Further, these technologies have the capability for extremely rapid analysis, on the order of tens of seconds or less. We have compared and evaluated results from the analysis of several hundred soil samples using conventional laboratory bench top inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for metals evaluation and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Raman spectroscopy for detection and characterization of energetic materials against handheld XRF, LIBS, and Raman analyzers. The soil samples contained antimony, copper, lead, tungsten, and zinc as well as energetic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), nitroglycerine (NG), and dinitrotoluene isomers (DNT). Precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of the handheld field sensor technologies were compared against conventional laboratory instrumentation to determine their suitability for field characterization leading to decisional outcomes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Greinert, Jens. Mine Monitoring in the German Baltic Sea 2020; Dumped munition monitoring AL548, 03rd – 16th November 2020, Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany) „MineMoni-II 2020“. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al548.

Full text
Abstract:
ALKOR cruise AL548 took place as part of the EMFF (European Maritime and Fisheries Fund)-funded project BASTA (Boost Applied munition detection through Smart data inTegration and AI workflows; https://www.basta-munition.eu) and as continuation of the munition monitoring started within the BMBF-funded project UDEMM (Environmental Monitoring for the Delaboration of Munition in the Sea; https://udemm.geomar.de/). In October 2018, a first cruise (POS530 MineMoni2018) was conducted, to gather data for a broad baseline study in the German Baltic Sea. Results show a moderate contamination level on regional and coastal scale, but indicate higher levels for specific local areas. Within UDEMM, expertise was developed to detect, exactly locate and monitor munition (e.g. torpedoes, sea mines, ground mines) on the seafloor using optical and hydroacoustic means. In addition, chemical analyses of dissolved contaminants in the water and sediments was performed. Data acquired during this cruise are used in BASTA, which aims for enhanced munition detection via AUV-based artificial intelligence applied on multi-sensor datasets. At the same time, the project ExPloTect (Ex-situ, near-real-time exPlosive compound deTection in seawater) (also EMFF-funded) addresses the need for an innovative approach to detect explosive compounds in seawater. A prototype system was used and successfully tested for the first time during this cruise. The main focus was placed onto the two already known dumpsites Kolberger Heide and Lübeck Bight. Additionally, new areas Falshöft (Schleswig-Holstein) and Cadet Channel, Trollegrund and Großklützhöved (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) were explored. In each area high-resolution multibeam mapping was performed and contact lists, indicating potential munition objects were produced on board. AUV surveys were conducted to ground-truth possible contacts via detailed photograph and magnetometer mapping. This was complemented with towed video (TV)-CTD profiles. The transits to and between those sites were planned along former constraint routes during WWII. These routes were main targets of the British Air Force and mines and bombs can be expected along these ways. During transits water samples were taken with on a CTD- (conductivity, temperature, depth) rosette-mounted Niskin bottles in regular distances, in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding munition compounds (inter alia trinitrotoluene (TNT)) measurements across the German Baltic Sea.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

McMurry, Peter, and James Smuth. Collaborative Project: Understanding the Chemical Processes tat Affect Growth rates of Freshly Nucleated Particles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1242486.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Greenwood, Michael Scott, Askin Guler Yigitoglu, Jordan D. Rader, Whitney Tharp, Mike Poore, Randy Belles, Bob Zhang, Riley Cumberland, and Mike Muhlheim. Integrated Energy System Investigation for the Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, TN Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1643929.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Specht, W. L. Results of toxicity tests and chemical analyses conducted on sediments collected from the TNX Outfall Delta Operable Unit, July 1999. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/751287.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Mudge, Christopher, Glenn Suir, and Benjamin Sperry. Unmanned aircraft systems and tracer dyes : potential for monitoring herbicide spray distribution. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47705.

Full text
Abstract:
Chemical control of nuisance aquatic vegetation has long been the most widely utilized management tool due to its high level of efficacy, limited environmental impacts, and relatively low cost. However, unprecise application of herbicides can lead to uncontrolled invasive plants and unintended management costs. Therefore, precision herbicide delivery techniques are being developed to improve invasive plant control and minimize impacts to non-target plants. These technological advancements have the potential to enhance aquatic ecosystem protection from invasive species while reducing associated management costs. Despite the benefits of using registered herbicides for aquatic plant control in efforts to restore aquatic habitats, their use is often misunderstood and opposed by public stakeholders. This can lead to significant challenges related to chemical control of nuisance aquatic vegetation. Thus, US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Districts seek improved methods to monitor and quantify the distribution (i.e., amount of herbicide retained on plant foliage compared to those deposited into the water column) of herbicides applied in aquatic systems. Monitoring herbicide movement in aquatic systems can be tedious and costly using standard analytical methods. However, since the inert fluorescent tracer dye Rhodamine WT (RWT) closely mimics product movement in the aquatic environment it has been used as a cost-effective surrogate for herbicides tracing. The use of RWT (or other inert tracer dyes) can be an efficient way to quantify herbicide retention and deposition following foliar treatments. However, the collection of operational spray deposition data in large populations of invasive floating and emergent plant stands is labor intensive and costly. One proposed solution is the use of remote sensing methods as an alternative to traditional in situ samples. Specifically, using unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in conjunction with RWT could provide more efficient monitoring and quantification of herbicide spray distribution and in-water concentrations when using RWT in combination with herbicides. A better understanding of UAS capabilities and limitations is key as this technology is being explored for improved and integrated management of aquatic plants in the U.S. This technical note (TN) provides a review of literature to assess the state of knowledge and technologies that can assist USACE Districts and partners with tracking herbicide movement (using RWT as a surrogate or additive), which could improve operational monitoring, thus reducing the level of uncertainty related to chemical applications and non-target impacts, and thus improve management in aquatic systems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Blohm, Lindsey, Alicia Farrell, and John Kelley. Performance Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP)Free Chemical Paint Strippers on Military Coatings for Validation to Federal Specification TT-R-2918A. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1005115.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Waisner, Scott, Victor Medina, Charles Ellison, Jose Mattei-Sosa, John Brasher, Jacob Lalley, and Christopher Griggs. Design, construction, and testing of the PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS), a mobile ion exchange–based system for the treatment of per-, poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated water. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43823.

Full text
Abstract:
Poly-,Per-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are versatile chemicals that were incorporated in a wide range of products. One of their most important use was in aqueous film-forming foams for fighting liquid fuel fires. PFAS compounds have recently been identified as potential environmental contaminants. In the United States there are hundreds of potential military sites with PFAS contamination. The ERDC designed and constructed a mobile treatment system to address small sites (250,000 gallons or less) and as a platform to field test new adsorptive media. The PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS) has cartridge filters to remove sediments and a granular activated carbon (GAC) media filter to remove organic compounds that might compete with PFAS in the ion exchange process, although it may also remove PFAS too. The last process is an ion exchange resin specifically designed to remove PFAS to a target level of 70 ng/L or less (equivalent to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Drinking Water Health Advisory). The system was tested at Hurlburt Field, a US Air Force facility in Florida and at Naval Support Activity (NSA) Mid-South in Millington, TN.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kennedy, Alan, Andrew McQueen, Mark Ballentine, Brianna Fernando, Lauren May, Jonna Boyda, Christopher Williams, and Michael Bortner. Sustainable harmful algal bloom mitigation by 3D printed photocatalytic oxidation devices (3D-PODs). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43980.

Full text
Abstract:
The impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB), often caused by cyanobacteria (Figure 1), on water resources are increasing. Innovative solutions for treatment of HABs and their associated toxins are needed to mitigate these impacts and decrease risks without introducing persistent legacy contaminants that cause collateral ecosystem impacts. This technical note (TN) identifies novel opportunities enabled by Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, to produce high surface area advanced material composites to rapidly prototype sustainable environmental solutions for aquatic nuisance species control. This innovative research explores deployment of 3D-printable polymer composite structures containing nano-scale photocatalysts for targeted open water treatment of HABs that are customizable to the site-of-concern and also retrievable, reusable, and sustainable. The approach developed to control cyanobacteria HAB events has the potential to augment or replace broadcast, non-specific chemical controls that otherwise put non-target species and ecological resources at long-term risk. It can also augment existing UV-treatment HAB treatment control measures. The expected research outcome is a novel, effective, and sustainable HAB management tool for the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and resource managers to deploy in their HAB rapid response programs. The research will provide a framework for scale-up into other manufacturing methods (e.g., injection molding) to produce the devices in bulk (quickly and efficiently). Research for this project title “Mitigation of Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins using 3D Printed Photocatalytic Materials (FY21-23)” was sponsored by the US Army Engineer Research Development Center’s (ERDC) Aquatic Nuisance Species Research Program (ANSRP).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'TNT (Chemical)' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography