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Journal articles on the topic 'TNT (Chemical)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Davel, J., M. T. Suidan, and N. Adrian. "Biodegradation of the energetic compound TNT through a multiple-stage treatment approach." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 9 (2003): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0509.

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Biodegradation of the energetic compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its intermediate 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TAT) was investigated in this study. From previous investigations, a relationship between the biological utilization of ethanol as co-substrate for the reduction of TNT under anaerobic conditions was proposed using an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor (AFBR). In this study, the theoretical co-substrate requirement for reduction of TNT to TAT was further investigated through the systematic lowering of the ethanol loading to the reactor. Near complete reduction to TAT was observed up to

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2

Liao, Chang-Yu, H. Paul Wang, and Hong-Ping Lin. "Chemical Structure of TiO2Nanotube Photocatalysts Promoted by Copper and Iron." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/243160.

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TiO2nanotubes (TNTs) promoted by copper (5%) (Cu-TNT) and iron (5%) (Fe-TNT) were prepared for visible-light photocatalysis. By X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, it is found that the enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) on Cu-TNT and Fe-TNT is associated with the predominant surface photoactive sites A2((Ti=O)O4). By extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, the dispersed copper and iron also cause increases in the Ti–O and Ti–(O)–Ti bond distances by 0.01-0.02 and 0.04-0.05 Å, respectively. The decreased Ti–O bonding energy m

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Liu, Yan, Chongwei An, Jin Luo, and Jingyu Wang. "High-density HNIW/TNT cocrystal synthesized using a green chemical method." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 74, no. 4 (2018): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520618008442.

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The main challenge for achieving better energetic materials is to increase their density. In this paper, cocrystals of HNIW (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, often referred to as CL-20) with TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) were synthesized using ethanol in a green chemical method. The cocrystal was formulated as C13H11N15O18 and possesses a higher density (1.934 g cm−3) than published previously (1.846 g cm−3). This high-density cocrystal possesses a new structure, which can be substantiated by the different types of hydrogen bonds. The predominant driving forces that co

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4

Alekseev, Sergey G. "A Brief history of the chemical transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene." Butlerov Communications 62, no. 4 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-4-1.

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The results of works published in the open press over the past 100 years on the possibilities of converting one of the most well-known and widely used blasting explosives (EX) – 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT, TOL, TNT) into "conversion" chemical products are summarized having a diverse and commercially attractive application. Examples of the first industrial use of TNT are not given as explosives, but as inexpensive and affordable chemical raw materials for the production of components of photosensitive compositions. The reasons for the second more intensive period of development of works (late 2

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Wang, Jin, Hiroki Nagata, Masaki Ando, Yuichi Yoshida, Kenji Sakai, and Toshihiko Kiwa. "Visualization of Charge-Transfer Complex for the Detection of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Using Terahertz Chemical Microscope." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 11 (2021): 117517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac3a2c.

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This study focuses on the visualization of a charge-transfer complex, namely a Meisenheimer complex, for the detection of uncharged 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosives by developing a terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) imaging system. The organic amine 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was immobilized on an SiO2-film-coated TCM sensing plate, where it interacted with TNT molecules. The surface electrical potential distribution of TNT, APTES, and the charge-transfer complex was mapped. An electrical potential shift occurred due to the formation of a charge-transfer complex between the el

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6

Li, Yanchi, Guanyu Chen, and Xiang Li. "Automated Recognition of Chemical Molecule Images Based on an Improved TNT Model." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020680.

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The automated recognition of optical chemical structures, with the help of machine learning, could speed up research and development efforts. However, historical sources often have some level of image corruption, which reduces the performance to near zero. To solve this downside, we need a dependable algorithmic program to help chemists to further expand their research. This paper reports the results of research conducted for the Bristol-Myers Squibb-Molecular Translation competition, which was held on Kaggle and which invited participants to convert old chemical images to their underlying che

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Alexander, M., R. A. Kalaivani, V. Sriraman, and U. Senthilkumar. "Electro Polymerization of o-Phenylenediamine Using Palladium Nanoparticles Coated Fabricated TiO2 Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 10 (2019): 2229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22079.

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Fabricated titanate nanotubes (f-TNT) are prepared by chemical deposition method using linen fiber. The f-TNTs is fabricated by TiO2 nanoparticles, the each TiO2 nanoparticles diameter has 80-100 nm in range. The Pd0 nanoparticle was coated on the surface of the f-TNT by chemical reduction method, using NaBH4 as reducing agent. The prepared Pd/f-TNTs characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM and HRTEM, the result shows that the f-TNT diameter is 1500 nm and Pd nanoparticles range in 20-50 nm. The Pd/f-TNT nanocomposite modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode shows quasi irreversible redox behaviours in cyc

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8

Jenkins, T. "Chemical signatures of TNT-filled land mines." Talanta 54, no. 3 (2001): 501–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(00)00547-6.

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9

Bowen, J., L. J. Noe, B. P. Sullivan, K. Morris, V. Martin, and G. Donnelly. "Gas-Phase Detection of Trinitrotoluene Utilizing a Solid-Phase Antibody Immobilized on a Gold Film by Means of Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 57, no. 8 (2003): 906–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370203322258850.

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A multilayered biosensor was constructed and found to detect trinitrotoluene (TNT) in ppb concentrations in air both prior to and after detonation of TNT without use of a liquid phosphate buffered saline (PBS) superstrate. The biosensor surface was fabricated from a monoclonal antibody for TNT covalently bound to an 11,11′-dithio-bis(succinimidoylundecanoate) (DSU) self-assembled monolayer immobilized on a thin gold film bonded to a BK7 glass slide. The binding between the immobilized antibody and TNT antigen was detected using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPRS). Biosensor specifici

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10

Talaat, Ahmed, Ahmed Elbeih, Hesham Tantawy, and Ahmed K. Hussein. "Thermal behavior and explosive properties of TNT/RGO." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2305, no. 1 (2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2305/1/012022.

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Abstract 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), is the most widely accessible explosive. Thanks to the melt cast characteristics (melting temperature of TNT is 80-82 °C,), lead to contribute in many applications as mortars, grenades, artillery rounds, warheads, and antipersonnel mines. TNT has high chemical stability, and moderate sensitivity. In this paper, a novel addition of nano particles of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was added to enhance the TNT characteristics. A composite TNT/RGO 98:2 wt. % was prepared. The morphology of the composite mixture was captured using scanning electron microscopy (SE

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11

Ziganshin, Ayrat M., Robin Gerlach, Thomas Borch, Anatoly V. Naumov, and Rimma P. Naumova. "Production of Eight Different Hydride Complexes and Nitrite Release from 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by Yarrowia lipolytica." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 24 (2007): 7898–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01296-07.

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ABSTRACT 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) transformation by the yeast strain Yarrowia lipolytica AN-L15 was shown to occur via two different pathways. Direct aromatic ring reduction was the predominant mechanism of TNT transformation, while nitro group reduction was observed to be a minor pathway. Although growth of Y. lipolytica AN-L15 was inhibited initially in the presence of TNT, TNT transformation was observed, indicating that the enzymes necessary for TNT reduction were present initially. Aromatic ring reduction resulted in the transient accumulation of eight different TNT-hydride complexes,

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12

Pak, Jeong W., Kyle L. Knoke, Daniel R. Noguera, Brian G. Fox, and Glenn H. Chambliss. "Transformation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by Purified Xenobiotic Reductase B from Pseudomonas fluorescensI-C." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 11 (2000): 4742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.11.4742-4750.2000.

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ABSTRACT The enzymatic transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by purified XenB, an NADPH-dependent flavoprotein oxidoreductase fromPseudomonas fluorescens I-C, was evaluated by using natural abundance and [U-14C]TNT preparations. XenB catalyzed the reduction of TNT either by hydride addition to the aromatic ring or by nitro group reduction, with the accumulation of various tautomers of the protonated dihydride-Meisenheimer complex of TNT, 2-hydroxylamino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, and 4-hydroxylamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene. Subsequent reactions of these metabolites were nonenzymatic and resulted i

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13

Nõlvak, Hiie, Jaak Truu, Baiba Limane, et al. "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY CHANGES IN TNT SPIKED SOIL BIOREMEDIATION TRIAL USING BIOSTIMULATION, PHYTOREMEDIATION AND BIOAUGMENTATION." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 21, no. 3 (2013): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2012.721784.

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Trinitrotoluene (TNT), a commonly used explosive for military and industrial applications, can cause serious environmental pollution. 28-day laboratory pot experiment was carried out applying bioaugmentation using laboratory selected bacterial strains as inoculum, biostimulation with molasses and cabbage leaf extract, and phytoremediation using rye and blue fenugreek to study the effect of these treatments on TNT removal and changes in soil microbial community responsible for contaminant degradation. Chemical analyses revealed significant decreases in TNT concentrations, including reduction of

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14

Xu, Miao, Dong Liu, Ping Sun, et al. "Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT): Involvement of Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase (P34O) in Buttiauxella sp. S19-1." Toxics 9, no. 10 (2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100231.

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Extensive use and disposal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a primary constituent of explosives, pollutes the environment and causes severe damage to human health. Complete mineralization of TNT via bacterial degradation has recently gained research interest as an effective method for the restoration of contaminated sites. Here, screening for TNT degradation by six selected bacteria revealed that Buttiauxella sp. S19-1, possesses the strongest degrading ability. Moreover, BuP34O (a gene encoding for protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase—P34O, a key enzyme in the β-ketoadipate pathway) was upregulated

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15

Nyanhongo, Gibson S., Nina Aichernig, Marcus Ortner, Walter Steiner, and Georg M. Guebitz. "A novel environmentally friendly 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) based explosive." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 27, no. 2 (2008): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2008.230.

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A novel bioremediation technology has been developed. This technology involves the incorporation of a newly isolated Pseudomonas putida GG04 and Bacillus sp. SF into an explosive formulation to enhance biodegradation of TNT residues and explosives which fail to detonate due to technical problems. The incorporation of these microorganisms into the explosive did not affect the quality of the explosive in terms of detonation velocity while complete degradation of TNT moieties upon transfer in liquid media was observed after 4 days. The incorporated microorganisms sequentially reduced TNT leading

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16

Xue, Feng, Wu Long Zhang, Hong Zhou Yan, and Zhi Hong Zhang. "Treatment of Munitions Decomposing Wastewater Using Membrane Biological Reactor." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2363.

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Wastewater from the munitions decomposing process typically contains the widely used explosive-trinitrotoluene (TNT), which is also toxic and mutagenic. Commonly used technologies for degradation of TNT,such as activated carbon adsorption and chemical oxidation, are proved to be feasible but not cost-effective. In this study, the effectiveness of biodegradation of TNT by co-metabolism was evaluated in a hybrid hydrolysis acidification and aerobic membrane bioreactor. After six weeks acclimatization, over 90% TNT was removed with influent TNT concentration ranging between 70-85mg/L. Simultaneou

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17

Lou, Zhaoyang, Yingqi Cui, Mingli Yang, and Jun Chen. "The mechanism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene detection with amino acid-capped quantum dots: a density functional theory study." RSC Advances 5, no. 60 (2015): 48406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07088k.

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18

Wang, Fuping, Guangyan Du, Chenggen Zhang, and Qian-You Wang. "Mechanism of the Impact-Sensitivity Reduction of Energetic CL-20/TNT Cocrystals: A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study." Polymers 15, no. 6 (2023): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15061576.

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High-energy low-sensitivity explosives are research objectives in the field of energetic materials, and the formation of cocrystals is an important method to improve the safety of explosives. However, the sensitivity reduction mechanism of cocrystal explosives is still unclear. In this study, CL-20/TNT, CL-20 and TNT crystals were taken as research objects. On the basis of the ReaxFF-lg reactive force field, the propagation process of the wave front in the crystals at different impact velocities was simulated. The molecular dynamics data were used to analyze the molecular structure changes and

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19

Oxley, Jimmie C, James L Smith, Junqi Yue, and Jesse Moran. "Hypergolic Reactions of TNT." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 34, no. 5 (2009): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.200800053.

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20

GAVRILA, Ana Mihaela, Tanta Verona IORDACHE, Carmen LAZAU, et al. "Biomimetic Sensitive Elements for 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Tested on Multi-Layered Sensors." Coatings 10, no. 3 (2020): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030273.

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In spite of technological progress, most of the current techniques for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) detection are time consuming due to laborious sensor preparation. Thereby, the aim of this work was to enlarge the knowledge for preparing sensitive elements for TNT with the aid of molecular imprinting; a known technique used to deliver biomimetic materials. The study first depicts the auto-assembly mechanism of (TNT) with functional diamino-silanes (i.e., N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl methyl dimethoxysilane), via “double” Meisenheimer complexes. This mechanism is being described herein for the

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21

Gumuscu, Burcu, Deniz Cekmecelioglu, and Turgay Tekinay. "Complete dissipation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by in-vessel composting." RSC Advances 5, no. 64 (2015): 51812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07997g.

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22

Briggs, M. M., and F. Schachat. "Physiologically regulated alternative splicing patterns of fast troponin T RNA are conserved in mammals." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 270, no. 1 (1996): C298—C305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1996.270.1.c298.

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NH2-terminal isoforms of fast troponin T (TnT) are generated by alternative splicing of fast TnT RNA transcripts. Significantly different estimates for the number of isoforms have been obtained by nucleic acid and protein chemical studies. To resolve this controversy and to determine whether specific 5'-splicing patterns correlate with fiber phenotype, we generated representative populations of 5'-TnT cDNAs from the TnT mRNAs expressed in a set of physiologically and anatomically diverse skeletal muscles. Sequencing and restriction enzyme analyses revealed a total of nine cDNAs that encode the

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23

Nhan, Vu Duy, Nguyen Van Tu, Nguyen Thi Nhan, et al. "TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS USING THE A2O-MBBR METHOD." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 9-10 (2018): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20186109-10.5541.

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2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is widely used in explosives production. Since it is toxic and mutagenic to humans and animals, decontamination of TNT wastewater is necessary. Wastewater, containing TNT, from four factories in Vietnam producing industrial explosives were collected. The samples had different characteristics and varied widely, especially in terms of TNT concentration, depending on the technology and production management method at each plant. The TNT concentration ranged from 25 to 128 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 128 to 650 mg/l, BOD5 ranged from 28 to 67 mg/l, NH

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Niu, Shi-Jie, and Fu-De Ren. "Finite Temperature String with Order Parameter as Collective Variables for Molecular Crystal: A Case of Polymorphic Transformation of TNT under External Electric Field." Molecules 29, no. 11 (2024): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112549.

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An external electric field is an effective tool to induce the polymorphic transformation of molecular crystals, which is important practically in the chemical, material, and energy storage industries. However, the understanding of this mechanism is poor at the molecular level. In this work, two types of order parameters (OPs) were constructed for the molecular crystal based on the intermolecular distance, bond orientation, and molecular orientation. Using the K-means clustering algorithm for the sampling of OPs based on the Euclidean distance and density weight, the polymorphic transformation

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Li, Yan, Wen-Li Yu, and Huang Huang. "CL-20/TNT decomposition under shock: cocrystalline versus amorphous." RSC Advances 12, no. 11 (2022): 6938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra09120d.

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26

Kiroy, V. N., P. O. Kosenko, I. E. Shepelev, et al. "Biohybrid Technology for the Detection of Ultralow Concentrations of Trinitrotoluene in Air." Журнал аналитической химии 78, no. 8 (2023): 736–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044450223080091.

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The technology is based on recording the focal activity (FA) of the olfactory bulb (OB) of rats upon the exposure rats to trinitrotoluene (TNT) vapors in the concentration 4.7 × 10–15 g/cm3, separately and in a mixture with saturated vapors of a complex interference composed of spices. The focal activity of the rat olfactory bulb was recorded using an array of 16 special electrodes implanted in the dorsal part of the rat olfactory bulb. The setup contained a box with a rat, sources of vapors (odorants), a multichannel digital system for recording electrical signals from an electrode array, and

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Crellin, Kevin C., M. Widmer, and J. L. Beauchamp. "Chemical Ionization of TNT and RDX with Trimethylsilyl Cation." Analytical Chemistry 69, no. 6 (1997): 1092–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac961003q.

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Kröger, Mario, and Gregor Fels. "Combined biological–chemical procedure for the mineralization of TNT." Biodegradation 18, no. 4 (2006): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-006-9076-4.

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Tarasi, Somayeh, Alireza Azhdari Tehrani, Ali Morsali, and Pascal Retailleau. "Fabrication of amine and imine-functionalized isoreticular pillared-layer metal–organic frameworks for the highly selective detection of nitro-aromatics." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 18 (2018): 14772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj02407c.

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DALTON, LOUISA. "SEAWEEDS HAVE AN APPETITE FOR TNT." Chemical & Engineering News 83, no. 9 (2005): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n009.p014a.

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Klapötke, Thomas M. "Casting TNT as an explosive." Nature Chemistry 15, no. 10 (2023): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41557-023-01337-4.

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Xuan, Yi, Cong Wang, Subhadip Ghatak, and Chandan K. Sen. "Tissue Nanotransfection Silicon Chip and Related Electroporation-Based Technologies for In Vivo Tissue Reprogramming." Nanomaterials 14, no. 2 (2024): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14020217.

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Tissue nanotransfection (TNT), a cutting-edge technique of in vivo gene therapy, has gained substantial attention in various applications ranging from in vivo tissue reprogramming in regenerative medicine, and wound healing to cancer treatment. This technique harnesses the advancements in the semiconductor processes, facilitating the integration of conventional transdermal gene delivery methods—nanoelectroporation and microneedle technologies. TNT silicon chips have demonstrated considerable promise in reprogramming fibroblast cells of skin in vivo into vascular or neural cells in preclinical

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Mastrikov, Yuri A., Roman Tsyshevsky, Fenggong Wang, and Maija M. Kuklja. "Recruiting Perovskites to Degrade Toxic Trinitrotoluene." Materials 14, no. 23 (2021): 7387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237387.

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Everybody knows TNT, the most widely used explosive material and a universal measure of the destructiveness of explosions. A long history of use and extensive manufacture of toxic TNT leads to the accumulation of these materials in soil and groundwater, which is a significant concern for environmental safety and sustainability. Reliable and cost-efficient technologies for removing or detoxifying TNT from the environment are lacking. Despite the extreme urgency, this remains an outstanding challenge that often goes unnoticed. We report here that highly controlled energy release from explosive m

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She, Chongchong, Min Li, Yunhui Hou, Lizhen Chen, Jianlong Wang, and Duanlin Cao. "Near infrared spectroscopy as an alternative method for rapid determination of the solidification point of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in production." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 27, no. 4 (2019): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033519845080.

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The solidification point is a key quality parameter for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The traditional solidification point measurement method of TNT is complicated, dangerous, not environmentally friendly and time-consuming. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) analysis technology has been applied successfully in the chemical, petroleum, food, and agriculture sectors owing to its characteristics of fast analysis, no damage to the sample and online application. The purpose of this study was to study near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods to develop a fast and accurate quantitat

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Raza, Waseem, Alexander B. Tesler, Mazare Anca, and Patrik Schmuki. "Solar Light-Induced Photoelectrochemical H₂ Generation Over Hierarchical TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays Decorated with CdS Nanoparticles." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171, no. 6 (2024): 066506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad52f2.

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The process of converting solar energy into chemical energy through photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting holds significant promise for hydrogen and oxygen gas production. In the current study, we have demonstrated the feasibility of designing a high-performance heterojunction photoanode in a scalable manner. This photoanode sensitizes visible light active CdS onto hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs), thereby enhancing H2 generation. To achieve this, we initially employed an electrochemical anodization technique to fabricate vertically aligned self-organized TNT on a titanium (Ti) substrat

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Yang, Hong, Mi Zhou, Huarong Li, Liu Liu, Yang Zhou, and Xinping Long. "Collective absorption of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene into lipid membranes and its effects on bilayer properties. A computational study." RSC Advances 9, no. 67 (2019): 39046–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra08408h.

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Portman, Scott L., Gary W. Felton, Rupesh R. Kariyat, and James H. Marden. "Host plant defense produces species-specific alterations to flight muscle protein structure and flight-related fitness traits of two armyworms." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 16 (2020): jeb224907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.224907.

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ABSTRACTInsects manifest phenotypic plasticity in their development and behavior in response to plant defenses, via molecular mechanisms that produce tissue-specific changes. Phenotypic changes might vary between species that differ in their preferred hosts and these effects could extend beyond larval stages. To test this, we manipulated the diet of southern armyworm (SAW; Spodoptera eridania) and fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda) using a tomato mutant for jasmonic acid plant defense pathway (def1), and wild-type plants, and then quantified gene expression of Troponin t (Tnt) and flig

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Sun, Mei, Ping Chen, Aiwu Zhao, and Fangtao Zuo. "Ultrasensitive detection of trinitrotoluene by Fe3O4@mTiO2/P-ATP-TNT/Au@Ag SERS sensor via synergetic effect." Analytical Methods 11, no. 14 (2019): 1923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay02811g.

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Regmi, Chhabilal, Saeed Ashtiani, Zdeněk Hrdlička, and Karel Friess. "CO2/CH4 and H2/CH4 Gas Separation Performance of CTA-TNT@CNT Hybrid Mixed Matrix Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 11 (2021): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110862.

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This study explored the underlying synergy between titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) and carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid fillers in cellulose triacetate (CTA)-based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for natural gas purification. The CNT@TNT hybrid nanofillers were blended with CTA polymer and cast as a thin film by a facile casting technique, after which they were used for single gas separation. The hybrid filler-based membrane depicted a higher CO2 uptake affinity than the single filler (CNT/TNT)-based membrane. The gas separation results indicate that the hybrid fillers (TNT@CNT) are strongly selecti

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Liao, Jian Jun, Shi Wei Lin, Neng Qian Pan, Xian Kun Cao, and Jian Bao Li. "Facile Fabrication of Open-Ended High Aspect-Ratio Anodic TiO₂ Nanotube Films and their Applications." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 1659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.1659.

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In the present work, we demonstrated a facile process to prepare an open-ended high aspect-ratio TiO2 nanotube films through separating the anodic TNT array from the Ti substrate by a small reverse bias and opening the tube bottom by a chemical etching. The possible mechanisms of film detachment and pore opening processes have been briefly discussed. Such a process allows controlling the open-ended morphology by the straightforward chemical etching, which shows great potential in many applications, such as flow-through photocatalytic reactions, biofiltration, and diffusion controlling, and so

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Lim, Ying-Chin, Zulkarnain Zainal, Wee-Tee Tan, and Mohd Zobir Hussein. "Anodization Parameters Influencing the Growth of Titania Nanotubes and Their Photoelectrochemical Response." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/638017.

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TiO2nanotubes (TNTs) were fabricated by electrochemical oxidation of Ti foil in a standard two-electrode cell-containing NH4F. The effects of bath temperature, voltage ramp prior to constant voltage held during anodization and present of complexing agent on the crystalline phase, nanotube growth, and dimensional change of TNT were investigated using XRD and FESEM. The results show that tube length decreases with bath temperature attributed to faster chemical dissolution rate at high temperature. However, nanotubes growth rate was enhanced by ~260% with the addition of EDTA as the complexing ag

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Vujančević, Jelena, Pavao Andričević, Veljko Djokić, et al. "Effect of the Deposition of Vanadium-Oxide on the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanotubes and Its Photodiode Performance Interfaced with CH3NH3PbI3 Single Crystal." Catalysts 13, no. 2 (2023): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13020352.

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In this study, we report the influence of vanadium oxide (VO), as a photosensitive component, on the photoactivity of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs). A series of TNTs of varying tube diameter were synthesized by the anodization of titanium foils at different voltages, while vanadium oxide was deposited on TNTs by wet chemical deposition. An improvement in the optical properties of nanotubes was observed after the deposition of vanadium oxide. An improvement in the optical properties (redshift in UV-Vis spectra) of TNTs and TNT/VO was noted. The photocatalytic activity was improved with increasing tube

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Masoumi, Saeid, Hassan Hajghassem, Alireza Erfanian, and Ahmad Molaei Rad. "Design and manufacture of TNT explosives detector sensors based on GFET." Sensor Review 38, no. 2 (2018): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-08-2017-0167.

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Purpose Smart sensors based on graphene field effect transistor (GFET) and biological receptors are regarded as a promising nanomaterial that could be the basis for future generation of low-power, faster, selective real-time monitoring of target analytes and smaller electronics. So, the purpose of this paper is to provide details of sensors based on selective nanocoatings by combining trinitrotoluene (TNT) receptors (Trp-His-Trp) bound to conjugated polydiacetylene polymers on a graphene channel in GFET for detecting explosives TNT. Design/methodology/approach Following an introduction, this p

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Al-Senani, Ghadah M., Mervat Nasr, Mohamed Zayed, et al. "Fabrication of PES Modified by TiO2/Na2Ti3O7 Nanocomposite Mixed-Matrix Woven Membrane for Enhanced Performance of Forward Osmosis: Influence of Membrane Orientation and Feed Solutions." Membranes 13, no. 7 (2023): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13070654.

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Water treatment is regarded as one of the essential elements of sustainability. To lower the cost of treatment, the wastewater volume is reduced via the osmotic process. Here, mixed-matrix woven forward osmosis (MMWFO) PES membranes modified by a TiO2/Na2Ti3O7 (TNT) nanocomposite were fabricated for treating water from different sources. Various techniques were used to characterize the TNT nanocomposite. The crystal structure of TNT is a mix of monoclinic Na2Ti3O7 and anorthic TiO2 with a preferred orientation of (2−11). The SEM image shows that the surface morphology of the TNT nanocomposite

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Pattaweepaiboon, Supak, Varuntorn Pimpakoon, Nattida Phongzitthiganna, Weekit Sirisaksoontorn, Kannika Jeamjumnunja, and Chaiya Prasittichai. "Impedimetric detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene using surface-functionalized halloysite nanotubes." RSC Advances 12, no. 28 (2022): 17794–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra02482a.

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Tabagari, Inga, Maritsa Kurashvili, Tamar Varazi, et al. "Application of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis against Chemical Pollution of Water." Water 11, no. 9 (2019): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091759.

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The basis of phytoremediation technology for cleaning chemically polluted water was developed in the framework of the presented work. This technology is based on the ability of blue-green alga Arthrospira platensis to eliminate different environmental toxicants from water. This technological approach was conducted for the following pollutants: 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and cesium ions. The effectiveness of the technology was tested in model experiments, which were carried out in glass containers (volume 40 L). In particular, the different

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Tsyshevsky, Roman V., Sergey N. Rashkeev, and Maija M. Kuklja. "Control of Explosive Chemical Reactions by Optical Excitations: Defect-Induced Decomposition of Trinitrotoluene at Metal Oxide Surfaces." Molecules 28, no. 3 (2023): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28030953.

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Interfaces formed by high energy density materials and metal oxides present intriguing new opportunities for a large set of novel applications that depend on the control of the energy release and initiation of explosive chemical reactions. We studied the role of structural defects at a MgO surface in the modification of electronic and optical properties of the energetic material TNT (2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, also known as trinitrotoluene, C7H5N3O6) deposited at the surface. Using density functional theory (DFT)-based solid-state periodic calculations with hybrid density functionals, we

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Negrescu, Andreea-Mariana, Valentina Mitran, Wanda Draghicescu, et al. "TiO2 Nanotubes Functionalized with Icariin for an Attenuated In Vitro Immune Response and Improved In Vivo Osseointegration." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 2 (2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13020043.

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Due to their superior mechanical and chemical properties, titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used as orthopedic implantable devices. However, their bioinertness represents a limitation, which can be overcome by employing various surface modifications, such as TiO2 nanotube (TNT) fabrication via electrochemical anodization. Anodic TNTs present tunable dimensions and unique structures, turning them into feasible drug delivery platforms. In the present work, TNTs were loaded with icariin (Ica) through an adhesive intermediate layer of polydopamine (DP), and their in vitro and in vivo b

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Rusanov, A. L., L. G. Komarova, M. P. Prigozhina, V. A. Tartakovsky, S. A. Shevelev, and M. D. Dutov. "CHEMICAL CONVERSION OF 2.4.6-TRINITROTOLUENE (TNT) TO NEW HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS." International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 5, no. 1-6 (2002): 1031–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.v5.i1-6.1060.

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Toal, Sarah J., Douglas Magde, and William C. Trogler. "Luminescent oligo(tetraphenyl)silole nanoparticles as chemical sensors for aqueous TNT." Chemical Communications, no. 43 (2005): 5465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b509404f.

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