Relevant bibliographies by topics / TNT Equivalence

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'TNT Equivalence'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "TNT Equivalence"

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Ning, He, Liu Yude, Zhang Hongpeng, and Li Chunpeng. "Research on the TNT Equivalence of Aluminized Explosive." Procedia Engineering 43 (2012): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.077.

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Kleine, H., J. M. Dewey, K. Ohashi, T. Mizukaki, and K. Takayama. "Studies of the TNT equivalence of silver azide charges." Shock Waves 13, no. 2 (2003): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00193-003-0204-3.

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Dewey, J. M. "The TNT equivalence of an optimum propane–oxygen mixture." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 38, no. 23 (2005): 4245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/38/23/017.

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Xiao, Weifang, Matthias Andrae, and Norbert Gebbeken. "Air blast TNT equivalence concept for blast-resistant design." International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 185 (November 2020): 105871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2020.105871.

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Wharton, R. K., S. A. Formby, and R. Merrifield. "Airblast TNT equivalence for a range of commercial blasting explosives." Journal of Hazardous Materials 79, no. 1-2 (2000): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(00)00168-0.

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Balachandar, Kannan Gajendran, and Arumugam Thangamani. "Studies on Some of the Improvised Energetic Materials (IEMs): Detonation, Blast Impulse and TNT Equivalence Parameters." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 6 (2019): 1813–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350626.

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This work reports the computational analysis of the physicochemical, detonation, blast peak over pressure, blast impulse and TNT equivalence parameters of some of the Improvised Energetic Materials (IEMs) such as ammonium nitrate, urea nitrate, C4, hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) and triacetone triperoxide (TATP), which are used in bombing incidents all over the world in the form of Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (VBIEDs) or Person-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices (PBIEDs). The blast impulse, peak over pressure, TNT equivalence and detonation parameters reported in this
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Dewey, J. M. "Studies of the TNT equivalence of propane, propane/oxygen, and ANFO." Shock Waves 30, no. 5 (2020): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00193-020-00949-w.

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Aouad, C. J., W. Chemissany, P. Mazzali, Y. Temsah, and A. Jahami. "Beirut explosion: TNT equivalence from the fireball evolution in the first 170 milliseconds." Shock Waves 31, no. 8 (2021): 813–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00193-021-01031-9.

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AbstractThe evolution of the fireball resulting from the August 2020 Beirut explosion is traced using amateur videos taken during the first 400 ms after the detonation. Thirty-nine frames separated by 16.66–33.33 ms are extracted from six different videos located precisely on the map. Time evolution of the shock wave radius is traced by the fireball at consecutive time moments until about $$ t \approx 170$$ t ≈ 170 ms and a distance $$ d \approx 128$$ d ≈ 128 m. Pixel scales for the videos are calibrated by de-projecting the existing grain silos building, for which accurate as-built drawings a
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Aouad, C. J., W. Chemissany, P. Mazzali, Y. Temsah, and A. Jahami. "Beirut explosion: TNT equivalence from the fireball evolution in the first 170 milliseconds." Shock Waves 31, no. 8 (2021): 813–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00193-021-01031-9.

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AbstractThe evolution of the fireball resulting from the August 2020 Beirut explosion is traced using amateur videos taken during the first 400 ms after the detonation. Thirty-nine frames separated by 16.66–33.33 ms are extracted from six different videos located precisely on the map. Time evolution of the shock wave radius is traced by the fireball at consecutive time moments until about $$ t \approx 170$$ t ≈ 170 ms and a distance $$ d \approx 128$$ d ≈ 128 m. Pixel scales for the videos are calibrated by de-projecting the existing grain silos building, for which accurate as-built drawings a
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Xiao, Weifang, Matthias Andrae, and Norbert Gebbeken. "Air blast TNT equivalence factors of high explosive material PETN for bare charges." Journal of Hazardous Materials 377 (September 2019): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.078.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TNT Equivalence"

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Mendonça, Filho Letivan Gonçalves de. "Propostas de distancias de segurança para edificações com base em estudos de efeitos de explosões referenciados ao equivalente TNT." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266212.

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Orientador: Reginaldo Guirardello, Demetrio Bastos Netto<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T08:23:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MendoncaFilho_LetivanGoncalvesde_D.pdf: 5427915 bytes, checksum: 7869e5fa656a6b2cc31cdebb6074d24c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006<br>Resumo: Este trabalho utiliza o conhecimento científico relativo a explosões e efeitos associados para sugerir distâncias de segurança para proteção de edificações nas proximidades de explosivos e atmosferas inflamáveis, para aplicação nas
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Sauvan, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Etude des phénomènes physiques associés à la propagation d'ondes consécutives à une explosion et leur interaction avec des structures, dans un environnement complexe." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802429.

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Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire de thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre des études liées aux dégâts sur les structures et les blessures subies par les personnes à la suite d'explosions de charges explosives en milieu confiné et semi-confiné. Afin de mener cette étude, des expériences sont réalisées à petite échelle en laboratoire et sont complétées par des simulations numériques. Les ondes de choc sont obtenues grâce à la détonation d'une charge explosive gazeuse composée de propane-oxygène en proportion stoechiométrique. L'étude consiste donc à réaliser des expériences à petite échelle en l
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P, Vivek. "Behaviour of Granular Materials Under Shock and Blast Loading - A Shock Tube Investigation." Thesis, 2018. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4094.

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Granular and porous materials based protective layers have proven to be very good shock absorbing medium. Although sand material is widely used (as sand bags) till date in civil and military applications as a blast mitigating medium, fundamental mechanism involved during the impact of shock/blast wave on sand layers is not well understood. This study presents experimental investigations on the impulsive response of sand to extreme loading conditions. A shock tube facility is used to generate a planar shock wave and further the facility is optimized to simulate the properties of a blast wave. T
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Santos, Ângelo Emanuel Neves dos. "Design and simulation of a smart bottle with fill-level sensing based on oxide TFT technology." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19593.

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Packaging is an important element responsible for brand growth and one of the main rea-sons for producers to gain competitive advantages through technological innovation. In this re-gard, the aim of this work is to design a fully autonomous electronic system for a smart bottle packaging, being integrated in a European project named ROLL-OUT. The desired application for the smart bottle is to act as a fill-level sensor system in order to determine the liquid content level that exists inside an opaque bottle, so the consumer can exactly know the remaining quantity of the product inside. An in-h
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Book chapters on the topic "TNT Equivalence"

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Ramamurthi, K. "TNT Equivalence and Yield from Explosions." In Modeling Explosions and Blast Waves. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74338-3_12.

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Shirbhate, P. A., and M. D. Goel. "A Critical Review of TNT Equivalence Factors for Various Explosives." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8138-0_36.

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He, Ning, Cong Xiang, Bin Qin, and Qi Zhang. "Calculation of TNT Equivalence of Composite Propellant and Visualized Software Development." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11842-5_21.

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Sochet, Isabelle. "TNT Equivalency." In Shock Wave and High Pressure Phenomena. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70831-7_8.

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Rashid, Zulkifli Abdul, Azil Bahari Alias, Ku Halim Ku Hamid, M. Shahnor Bani, and Mohanad El Harbawi. "Analysis the Effect of Explosion Efficiency in the TNT Equivalent Blast Explosion Model." In ICGSCE 2014. Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-505-1_45.

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Halleux, F., C. Stennett, J. F. Pons, I. Wilson, R. Van Riet, and M. Lefebvre. "Small-Scale Characterisation of Urea Hydrogen Peroxide Explosive Performance Using Heterodyne Velocimetry." In Future Developments in Explosives and Energetics. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839162350-00084.

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Urea Hydrogen Peroxide (UHP) is widely available in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. UHP exhibits the behaviour of a tertiary explosive and previous research from the same authors has highlighted its detonability at small-scale under heavy confinement. In this work, UHP performance parameters are further investigated by heterodyne velocimetry. A detonation pressure of 2.5 GPa for UHP at a mean density of 0.75 g/cm3 has been determined using the impedance window method, corresponding to a 13% TNT equivalence for brisance. This result is consistent with calculation from empirical correlations. An average 3200 m/s detonation velocity was recorded using contact probes, in excellent agreement with measurements from passive optical probes. This small-scale experimental campaign, which is complementary to and consistent with previous research, has proven useful to characterise the performances of non-ideal explosives for risk assessment purposes.
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Halleux, F., C. Stennett, J. F. Pons, I. Wilson, R. Van Riet, and M. Lefebvre. "Small-Scale Characterisation of Urea Hydrogen Peroxide Explosive Performance Using Heterodyne Velocimetry." In Future Developments in Explosives and Energetics. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788017855-00084.

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Urea Hydrogen Peroxide (UHP) is widely available in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. UHP exhibits the behaviour of a tertiary explosive and previous research from the same authors has highlighted its detonability at small-scale under heavy confinement. In this work, UHP performance parameters are further investigated by heterodyne velocimetry. A detonation pressure of 2.5 GPa for UHP at a mean density of 0.75 g/cm3 has been determined using the impedance window method, corresponding to a 13% TNT equivalence for brisance. This result is consistent with calculation from empirical correlations. An average 3200 m/s detonation velocity was recorded using contact probes, in excellent agreement with measurements from passive optical probes. This small-scale experimental campaign, which is complementary to and consistent with previous research, has proven useful to characterise the performances of non-ideal explosives for risk assessment purposes.
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Buri, Pushpa, MM Verma, and Harbans Lal. "Evaluation of damage and TNT equivalent of ammunition, explosive and pyrotechnics." In Structural Failure and Plasticity. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043875-7/50174-x.

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Eisenberg, Carolyn Woods. "“I See Death Coming Up the Hill”." In Fire and Rain. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197639061.003.0004.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the decision by Nixon and Kissinger to wiretap selected officials and journalists because news of the secret Cambodia bombing was leaked. The chapter also investigates how, during the earliest months of the Nixon presidency, the number of American deaths was equivalent to the losses sustained during the Tet offensive. Yet in contrast to the previous year, the Vietnam War had ceased to dominate the news, with the result that significant military developments were unexplained or ignored. Across the United States, the still-climbing American casualties were being experienced as family and community tragedies. The spiking casualty rate was due in part to local enemy attacks and General Abrams’ aggressive military strategy. The chapter describes the American attempt to secure Dong Ap Bia Mountain at the Laotian border. This pointless enterprise, with its costly forays up Hill 937, resulted in many deaths and injuries. Survivors called the mountain “Hamburger Hill” because of the many chopped-up soldiers. It triggered significant protest in the United States, including denunciations by Senator Ted Kennedy.
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Laverdure, Eliane. "Das Spiel des Übersetzens. Grundzüge einer komparativen Studie." In Cognition and Comprehension in Translational Hermeneutics. Zeta Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/zeta-cognition202116.

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This article seeks to shed some light on the experience of interpretation and translation from a hermeneutical point of view, more precisely on how the subjectivity of the translator plays an essential mediation role in the process of rendering the meaning of a text in a new language, a role that certainly goes beyond the sole linguistic transfer, without being per se subjective. This idea can best be understood through the concept of “game” as developed by the philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer and introduced in translation theory by Fritz Paepcke, because it offers a model in which the participation of the individual is necessary without being arbitrary, since the players have to abide by the rules of the specific game they are playing – in this case, the text itself. However, the aim of this article is not to offer a method of translation, but is rather an attempt to consider the adequacy of translation on the basis of subjective and intersubjective factors – including the translator’s own prior knowledge and experience, his openness towards the text and his critical self-awareness – and therefore to propose an alternative to the overly normative and restrictive theoretical framework strictly focused on linguistic equivalence between ST and TT.
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Conference papers on the topic "TNT Equivalence"

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Crocker, Robert W., Brent L. Haroldsen, and Jerome H. Stofleth. "EDS Containment Vessel TNT Equivalence Testing." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65391.

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The V26 containment vessel was procured by the Project Manager, Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel (PMNSCM) for use on the Phase-2 Explosive Destruction Systems. It was fabricated under Code Case 2564 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which provides rules for the design of impulsively loaded vessels [1]. The explosive rating for the vessel, based on the Code Case, is nine (9) pounds TNT-equivalent for up to 637 detonations. This report documents the results of tests that were performed on the vessel at Sandia National Laboratories to qualify the vessel for explosive use [2]. Three of t
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LOCKING, PAUL M. "TNT EQUIVALENCE, BERTHELOT THEORY AND THE TRAUZL LEAD BLOCK TEST." In 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36049.

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An experimental measure of explosive performance is the Trauzl Lead Block Test. This paper assesses Trauzl, examining results against detonation parameters, including TNT Equivalence (TNTe) and Berthelot theory, attempting to find correlations. Power Index is shown to fit Trauzl, with a linear correlation, zero intercept and a near unity gradient, with an error of 4%. Trauzl is shown to be a good measure of the effectiveness of Explosive Power (EP). The Heat of Detonation (Q) and TNTe Q have a weak correlation with the Trauzl. Berthelot theory is simplified, becoming a product of Heat of Deton
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King, Kim W., and Chris R. Vaught. "Determining TNT Equivalency for Confined Detonations." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61699.

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Explosive containment vessels are typically designed and rated to contain a specified amount of trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosive charge weight. However, in application, these units typically contain explosive materials other than TNT. Additionally, proof testing of explosive containment chambers with TNT explosive is rare due to the availability of TNT commercially. Therefore, it is desirable to determine the capacity of an explosive containment vessel using an equivalent charge weight with respect to the TNT capacity of the vessel. Traditional wisdom suggests detonation chambers with large cha
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PANDELANI, THANYANI, DAVID REINECKE, and SILUMKO HAMILTON. "EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF TNT EQUIVALENCE TO PE4 CHARGES USING A BLAST TEST DEVICE." In 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36119.

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A considerable amount of scientific effort has been expended over many decades on developing means of predicting the loading generated when a blast wave impact structures. The energetic output and the blast load associated with the detonation of a mass of high explosive will differ depending on the chemical composition of the explosive itself. It is therefore convenient to equate the effects of an explosive to TNT. The “TNT equivalent (TNTeq) ratio” refers to the mass ratio of the explosive in question that will produced equal peak overpressure to that equivalent mass of TNT. There is vast ran
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Stofleth, Jerome H., Megan K. Tribble, John Ludwigsen, and Robert W. Crocker. "Analysis of EDS Vessel Clamping System and Door Seal." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93755.

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Abstract The V26 containment vessel was procured by the Project Manager, Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel (PMNSCM) for use on the Phase-2 Explosive Destruction Systems. The vessel was fabricated under Code Case 2564 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which provides rules for the design of impulsively loaded vessels. The explosive rating for the vessel, based on the Code Case, is nine (9) pounds TNT-equivalent for up to 637 detonations, limited only by fatigue crack growth calculations initiated from a minimum detectable crack depth. The vessel consists of a cylindrical cup, a flat cov
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Pinhasi, G. A., Y. Dahan, A. Dayan, and A. Ullmann. "Modeling of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE): Plane, Cylindrical and Spherical 1D Model." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59333.

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A 1D plane, cylindrical and spherical numerical model was developed for estimating the thermodynamic and the dynamic state of the boiling liquid during a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) event. The model predicts, simultaneously, the flow properties of the expanding two-phase flashing mixture and its surrounding air. The possible presence of a shock wave formed by the fluid expansion through the air is accounted for in the model. Model predictions of the shock wave strengths, in terms of TNT equivalence for the various coordinate systems, were compared against those obtained by
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Jaansalu, Kevin M., Christelle Collet, Ernest L. Baker, and Martijn van der Voort. "TNT equivalency testing for energetic materials." In SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2019: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/12.0000808.

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Rongpeng, Li, Li Yumin, Sui Chunguang, and Jiang Di. "Numerical Analysis of Nuclear Facility Reinforced Concrete Wall and Roof Slab Behavior Under Close-in Explosions." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16957.

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Abstract With the change of anti-terrorism situation, civil unmanned aerial vehicles carrying small equivalent of explosives may cause damage to the reinforced concrete wall or roof of nuclear facilities at close range. Existing research has mostly focused on the overall damage caused by large equivalent explosives at medium and long distances. In this paper, the air overpressure peak curve and behavior of reinforced concrete slabs under small equivalent TNT close-in explosion conditions are calculated by numerical simulation methods and compared with empirical formulas and experimental result
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Crocker, Robert W., Brent L. Haroldsen, Jerome H. Stofleth, and Mien Yip. "EDS Containment Vessel Explosive Test and Analysis." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63832.

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This report documents the results of two of tests that were performed on an explosive containment vessel at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico in July 2013 to provide some deeper understanding of the effects of charge geometry on the vessel response [1]. The vessel was fabricated under Code Case 2564 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, which provides rules for the design of impulsively loaded vessels [2]. The explosive rating for the vessel, based on the Code Case, is nine (9) pounds TNT-equivalent. One explosive test consisted of a single, centrally located, 7.2
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Han, Bumsoo, Matthew D. Egberg, Pung-Pung Haung, David J. Swanlund, and John C. Bischof. "Cryoinjury Enhancement of Breast Cancer Cells by Use of a Molecular Adjuvant (TNF-alpha)." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61593.

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Cryoinjury of human breast cancer cells (MCF7) in engineered tissue equivalents and the enhancement of the cryoinjury by use of a molecular adjuvant (tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α) was studied. Tissue equivalents (TEs) were constructed by seeding MCF7 cells in collagen solutions at the concentration of 100,000 cells/ml. After cultured in vitro for 2 days, the TEs were exposed with 100ng/ml TNF-α and cultured for 24 hours, and then underwent a single freeze-thaw cycle by a cryosurgery simulator. With the concentration and duration of TNF-α treatment studied, no apoptotic or necrotic cell d
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Reports on the topic "TNT Equivalence"

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Baker, Wilfred E., and Donna W. O'Kelley. TNT Equivalence of Two Plastic-Bonded Explosives for Internal Blast and Gas Pressures. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adp005387.

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Mars, L., R. Kukuvka, and J. Caltagirone. TNT Equivalency of M31A1E1 Slotted Stick Propellant. Defense Technical Information Center, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada162945.

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Waisner, Scott, Victor Medina, Charles Ellison, et al. Design, construction, and testing of the PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PETS), a mobile ion exchange–based system for the treatment of per-, poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated water. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43823.

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Poly-,Per-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are versatile chemicals that were incorporated in a wide range of products. One of their most important use was in aqueous film-forming foams for fighting liquid fuel fires. PFAS compounds have recently been identified as potential environmental contaminants. In the United States there are hundreds of potential military sites with PFAS contamination. The ERDC designed and constructed a mobile treatment system to address small sites (250,000 gallons or less) and as a platform to field test new adsorptive media. The PFAS Effluent Treatment System (PE
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Vocabulari multilingüe de càncer de mama per a pacients. IULA, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31009/iula.2022.01.

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El projecte Vocabulari multilingüe de càncer de mama per a pacients és un dels resultats de la col·laboració entre l’Institut de Lingüística Aplicada (IULA-CER) de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra i l’Institut Català d’Oncologia (ICO), vinculat a la Generalitat de Catalunya. La versió del vocabulari que publiquem aquí té com a llengua principal el català, amb definicions i equivalents en anglès i castellà. Una de les peculiaritats més significatives d’aquest diccionari és que, tal com indica el seu nom, està destinat a pacients (i també a familiars i cuidadors de pacients) de càncer de mama. El fet
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