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1
Paul, G. M., and A. N. Sherwin-White. "Roman Foreign Policy in the East 168 B. C. to A. D. 1." Phoenix 40, no. 2 (1986): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1088522.
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Müller, G., M. Lutz, and S. Harder. "Methyl group conformation-determining intermolecular C–H...O hydrogen bonds: structure of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 52, no. 6 (1996): 1014–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768196008300.
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The structure of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP; 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) was determined at 168 K. Crystal data: m.p. 249 K, monoclinic P21/c, a = 6.221 (3), b = 12.076 (2), c = 7.529 (4) Å, β = 111.03 (2)°, V = 527.9 (4) Å3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.247 Mg m−3, μ = 0.082 mm−1, R = 0.058 for 1190 unique reflections. It adopts a slightly puckered ring conformation in the solid state, which is intermediate between a twist and an envelope conformation. The N-methyl group takes part in two almost linear intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds to neighbouring keto groups [d(H...O) = 2.57 (2)/ 2.65 (2) Å, d(C...O) = 3.552 (2)/3.482 (2) Å, angle (C—H...O) = 160 (1)/148 (2)°], which cause a notable deviation from its usually preferred conformation with one C—H bond being almost eclipsed to the adjacent N—C amide bond. These findings are substantiated by force-field and high-level ab initio calculations on isolated NMP molecules.
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Zeng, Zihuan, Hao Zhang, Jianwu Wu, Liangfeng Wei, Weiqiang Chen, and Shousen Wang. "Effects and Mechanism of Mouse Nerve Growth Factor on Diffuse Brain Injury in Rats with Traumatic Brain Injury Combined with Seawater Drowning." Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 11, no. 12 (2021): 2321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2021.2832.
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To investigate the effect of mouse nerve growth factor (mNGF) on axonal injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) combined with seawater drowning (SWD) in rats and the possible mechanism, we assigned 78 SD rats by random into sham group (Group A, n = 14), TBI+SWD group (Group B, n = 32), and mNGF group (Group C, n = 32). The compound injury model of rats was established by Marmarou method (450 g×1.5 m) and intratracheal pumping seawater (3 ml/kg). Rats in Group C were subject to intraperitoneal injection of mNGF (3 ug/kg) immediately after injury, and Group A as well as Group B were intraperitoneally injected the same amount of normal saline. Modified neurological severity scores(mNSS) was performed on rats at 12 h, 24 h, 72 h as well as 168 h, respectively after injury. HE staining showed that 24 h after injury, the swelling of nerve cells in Group C was relatively milder and the tissue edema was similar to that in Group B. At 72 h and 168 h after injury, the matrix looseness, cell swelling, and nuclear condensation in Group C were improved in comparison with Group B. (2) Compared with group B, mNSS of group C decreased signally at 72 h and 68 h after injury (P <0.05). (3) IHC staining showed that the protein expressions of β-APP, NF-L, and AQP4 were decreased in Group C in comparison with Group B at 12 h, 24 h, 72 h and 168 h after injury. (4) Brain water content in Group C was similar to that in Group B (P >0.05). (5) At 12 h after injury, the expression of TNF-α in Group C was signally lower than that in Group B (P < 0.05). Our reseache showed that mNGF might play a neuroprotective role by reducing cerebral edema and inflammatory response after TBI+SWD injury in rats, thereby restoring part of the injured axons in TBI+SWD rats.
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Utomo, Nur Bambang Priyo, Ing Mokoginta, and Lia Nurmalia. "PENGARUH PERBEDAAN KANDUNGAN ASAM LEMAK N-3 DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PENAMPILAN REPRODUKSI IKAN ZEBRA (Brachydanio rerio)." Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada 8, no. 1 (2006): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jfs.168.
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This experiment was conducted to determine the dietary n-3 fatty acid requirement for reproduction of broodstock zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio. Three isonitrogenous (39% crude protein) and isocaloric (3,260 kcal digestible energy/kg diet) practical diets, namely diets A, B, and C, with different levels of fatty acids were fed to zebrafish broodstock. The broodstock were cultivated in aquaria. Diet A contained low dosage of n-3 fatty acids (0.4%) and 2% n-6 fatty acids, while diets B and C contained 2% n-6 fatty acids, combined respectively with 1% and 1.5% n-3 fatty acids. Fish were fed ad satiation for 60 days using these diets. During feeding periode, gonade maturation stages were examined. The n-3 and n-6 fatty acids affected fecundity, fertilization rate, and hatching rate. On the other hand, fish fed on diets A, B, or C did not show any significance differences in the gonade somatic index and total Survival Rate (SR) of larvae produced. Fish fed on diet B produced the highest fecundity (616 eggs/g of fish), fertilization rate (94.6%), and hatching rate (93.8%). The total lipid content of eggs were significant, ranging from B (29.7%), C (23.7%), and A (16.1%). At a dosage of 2% n-6 fatty acids, zebrafish require 1% of dietary n-3 fatty acids in the diet for reproduction. Excess dosage of n-3 fatty acid in the diet adversely affected fecundity, fertilization rate, and hatching rate.
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McManus, Concepta Margaret, Edgard Franco Gomes, Tiago Prado Paim, et al. "Effect of supplementary milk feeding on growth and survival of Santa Inês lambs." Ciência Animal Brasileira 15, no. 4 (2014): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1089-6891v15i48725.
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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of alternative methods of feeding on the performance and mortality rate of suckling lambs. Eighty-four Santa Inês lambs, twins and singles, half male and half female, were used. The animals were divided into three groups: A (control), B (bovine milk) and C (bovine milk plus Multi-mixture). The experiment began when lambs were three weeks old and finished at weaning at 2 months of age. Each animal from group B received 200 mL of bovine milk daily; group C received 200 mL of bovine milk plus 20g of Multi-mixture daily. Weaning Weight (WW) was 10.90, 13.20 and 13.59 kg, respectively for groups A, B and C. Daily Weight Gain (DWG) was 126, 163 and 168 g.day-1 respectively. The mortality rate was higher (p<0.05) in group A than in group B and C. Gender influenced significantly (p<0.05) the DWG and WW. DWG and WW were lower for the animals that died compared to the animals that survived: 7.94 kg against 13.51 kg (WW) and 77 g against 165 g (DWG) respectively. The twins had lower (P<0.05) WW and DWG when compared to the singles. The use of milk-replacers with or without Multi-mixture is effective and it can increase the productivity of the system.
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Szewczyk, Kamila A., Ewa A. Drzazga-Szczȩśniak, Marcin W. Jarosik, Klaudia M. Szczȩśniak, and Sandra M. Binek. "Characteristics of the s–Wave Symmetry Superconducting State in the BaGe3 Compound." Symmetry 11, no. 8 (2019): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11080977.
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Thermodynamic properties of the s–wave symmetry superconducting phase in three selected structures of the BaGe 3 compound ( P 6 3 / m m c , A m m 2 , and I 4 / m m m ) were discussed in the context of DFT results obtained for the Eliashberg function. This compound may enable the implementation of systems for quantum information processing. Calculations were carried out within the Eliashberg formalism due to the fact that the electron–phonon coupling constant falls within the range λ ∈ 0 . 73 , 0 . 86 . The value of the Coulomb pseudopotential was assumed to be 0 . 122 , in accordance with the experimental results. The value of the Coulomb pseudopotential was assumed to be 0 . 122 , in accordance with the experimental results. The existence of the superconducting state of three different critical temperature values, namely, 4 . 0 K, 4 . 5 K and 5 . 5 K, depending on the considered structure, was stated. We determined the differences in free energy ( Δ F ) and specific heat ( Δ C ) between the normal and the superconducting states, as well as the thermodynamic critical field ( H c ) as a function of temperature. A drop in the H c value to zero at the temperature of 4.0 K was observed for the P 6 3 / m m c structure, which is in good accordance with the experimental data. Further, the values of the dimensionless thermodynamic parameters of the superconducting state were estimated as: R Δ = 2 Δ ( 0 ) / k B T c ∈ { 3 . 68 , 3 . 8 , 3 . 8 } , R C = Δ C ( T c ) / C N ( T c ) ∈ { 1 . 55 , 1 . 71 , 1 . 75 } , and R H = T c C N ( T c ) / H c 2 ( 0 ) ∈ { 0 . 168 , 0 . 16 , 0 . 158 } , which are slightly different from the predictions of the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer theory ( [ R Δ ] B C S = 3 . 53 , [ R C ] B C S = 1 . 43 , and [ R H ] B C S = 0 . 168 ). This is caused by the occurrence of small retardation and strong coupling effects.
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Tsuge, Kenji, Takashi Ano, Mitsuyo Hirai, Yoshiyuki Nakamura, and Makoto Shoda. "The Genes degQ, pps, and lpa-8(sfp) Are Responsible for Conversion of Bacillus subtilis 168 to Plipastatin Production." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 9 (1999): 2183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.9.2183.
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ABSTRACT Bacillus subtilis YB8 produces the lipopeptide antibiotic plipastatin. B. subtilis MI113, which is a derivative of strain 168, was converted into a new plipastatin producer, strain 406, by competence transformation with the chromosomal DNA of YB8. Transposon mini-Tn10 insertional mutagenesis was applied to strain 406, which revealed that lpa-8(sfp) (encoding 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase) and thepps operon (located between 167 and 171°) are essential for plipastatin production. The pps operon was previously suggested to encode putative peptide synthetases (A. Tognoni, E. Franchi, C. Magistrelli, E. Colombo, P. Cosmina, and G. Grandi, Microbiology 141:645–648, 1995) and was thought to be the fengycin operon (V. Tosato, A. M. Albertini, M. Zotti, S. Sonda, and C. V. Bruschi, Microbiology 143:3443–3450, 1997). We claim that the pps operon is the pli operon, encoding plipastatin synthetase. By using a new high-performance liquid chromatography system, we revealed that strain 168 expressing onlylpa-8 can also produce plipastatin, although the yield is very low. However, the introduction of the pleiotropic regulatordegQ of strain YB8 into strain 168 expressinglpa-8 resulted in a 10-fold increase in the production of plipastatin.
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Weil, Matthias. "The Mixed-valent Mercury(I/II) Compounds Hg3(HAsO4)2 and Hg6As2O10." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 69, no. 6 (2014): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2014-4063.
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The mixed-valent mercury compounds Hg3(HAsO4)2 (= HgIIHgI 2(HAsO4)2) and Hg6As2O10 (= HgI 2HgII 2(AsO4)2·2HgIIO) were obtained from the reaction of (Hg3)3(AsO4)4 with arsenic acid (60 wt-%) carried out at 65 ºC and as a by-product under hydrothermal conditions, respectively. The crystal structure of Hg3(HAsO4)2 (Z = 2, C2/c, a = 13:010(3), b = 8:149(2), c = 9:496(3) Å, b = 126:864(4)º, 1427 structure factors, 64 parameters, R[F2 > 2 s(F2)] = 0:0272; wR (all F2) = 0.0490) contains a centrosymmetric O-Hg-Hg-O unit (d(Hg-Hg) = 2.5226(8) Å, d(Hg-O) = 2.141(5) Å), ∠(Hg-Hg-O) = 167:68(13)º) and an Hg2+ cation that is located on a twofold rotation axis showing an almost linear coordination to two O atoms (d(Hg-O) = 2.059(5) Å; ∠(O-Hg-O) = 177:3(2)º). The O-Hg-Hg-O and O-Hg-O units are linked by AsO3OH tetrahedra resulting in the formation of chains extending parallel to [102]. Strong hydrogen bonding (d(O···O) = 2.523(6) Å) between AsO3OH tetrahedra of neighbouring chains is observed. The crystal structure of Hg6As2O10 (Z = 2, P21=n, a = 6:94750(10), b = 8:9837(2), c = 8:9966(2) Å, b = 98:1630(10)º, 4842 structure factors, 83 parameters, R [F2 > 2 s(F2)] = 0:0269, wR (all F2) = 0.0577) contains an O-Hg-Hg-O unit (d(Hg-Hg) = 2.5337(3) Å, d(Hg-O) = 2.181(3) Å, ∠(Hg-Hg-O) = 168:05(10)º) and two O- Hg-O units (d(Hg-O) = 2.048(3), 2.072(3) Å, ∠(O-Hg-O) = 168:78(15)º; 2.149(4), 2.150(3) Å, 166:65(12)º) that are linked into a three-dimensional framework structure with As atoms of the AsO4 tetrahedra in the voids. An alternative structural description of Hg6As2O10 is presented under consideration of oxygen-centred [OHg4] tetrahedra.
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Wang, Jiangshui, Dianchun Wang, Kaixuan Li, et al. "Effects of First Feed Administration on Small Intestinal Development and Plasma Hormones in Broiler Chicks." Animals 10, no. 9 (2020): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091568.
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(1) Background: Under practical conditions, newly hatched chicks were usually withheld feed and water for 48 to 72 h. It was shown that early feeding after hatch promoted gastrointestinal development of broiler chicks. However, the mechanism of early feeding affecting intestinal development in chicks needs further research. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of first feed administration on intestinal morphology, barrier function, and plasma hormones in broilers during the initial 168 h posthatch. (2) Methods: A total of 720 one-day-old chicks (newborn chick, Lingnan Yellow) were placed 2 h after hatch and randomly assigned to three treatments: Group A (feed immediately after placement), Group B (fasting for 24 h after placement), and Group C (fasting for 48 h after placement). The trial lasted for 168 h and water ad libitum all the time. Sampling was performed at 0, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 168 h. (3) Results: Higher (p < 0.05) absolute weight and relative weight of the small intestine were observed in Group A. Moreover, the villus height, crypt depth, and ratio of the jejunum and ileum were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Groups A and B than those in Group C. Microvilli of the duodenum were closely packed in Group A but sparse and disorganized in Groups B and C. The expression levels of mRNA and protein of tight junction genes (occludin and claudin-1) were upregulated (p < 0.05) in Group A. The levels of gastrin and insulin in plasma were decreased (p < 0.05) significantly in the Groups B and C. However, chicks in Groups B and C had higher (p < 0.05) plasma glucagon levels at 24 and 48 h after placement. (4) Conclusions: These results suggested that early feeding posthatch had a positive effect on small intestinal growth increasing weight and improving intestinal morphology and barrier function.
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IQBAL, MUHAMMAD ZAFAR, MUHAMMAD AZEEM, and MUHAMMAD RAZZAQ MALIK. "HEPATITIS 'B' AND 'C'." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 01 (2011): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.01.1861.
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Background: Hepatitis B and C is a global problem. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C in orthopedic patients is quite high with the common risk factors: previous history of surgery or blood transfusion. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to, "Find out the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C and their risk factors in patients admitted in Orthopedic Unit of Sheikh Zayed Medical College Hospital Rahim Yar Khan.”. Design & Duration: This was a prospective cohort study. The duration was from July 2009 to December 2009. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in Orthopedic Department of Sheikh Zayed Medical College Hospital Rahim Yar Khan. Patients of either sex and of all ages who were undergoing orthopedic surgery were included in the study. All patients underwent screening for Hepatitis-B and Hepatitis-C and confirmed by Elisa method in positive patients. Data regarding age, sex, HBV, HCV was noted and analyzed by SPSS version 14. Results: Among 745 patients. 581 (77.98%) were male and 164 (22.02%) were female. Hepatitis B and C was present in 165 (22.15) patients. Out of these positive cases 125 (75.76%) were suffering from hepatitis C and 36 (21.81%) were suffering from hepatitis B, and 4 (2.43%) patients were positive for both HBV & HCV. Among the predisposing factors previous history of surgery was positive in 39 patients; history of blood transfusion in 27 patients, dental procedure was in 17 patients’ and 123 patients having injection therapy in the past. Conclusions: All the patients who need surgery should be properly screened for HBV and HCV. It is also necessary that separate operation theaters and instruments should be used for HBV and HCV positive cases.
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Obekpa, A. S., A. O. Malu, R. Bello, and M. Duguru. "Risk of Exposure, Perception and Vaccination Status of Chronic Viral Hepatitis among Health Care Workers in Benue State, North Central Nigeria." JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN BASIC AND CLINICAL SCIENCES 2, no. 1 (2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jrbcs.102.
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Health care workers are high-risk group for contracting hepatitis B and C virus infections. Hepatitis B and C can be contracted in the hospital setting by needle prick injury, contact with blood (and body fluids) and during invasive medical procedures. This study aims to assess the risk of exposure, the concern or perception of healthcare workers about getting infected (with HBV and/or HCV) from the workplace and the level of HBV vaccination uptake among them. The study was carried out during a capacity building workshop organized for health care workers from all the Local Government Areas in Benue State. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 168 participants in attendance, after obtaining verbal consent. One hundred and thirty-eight (138) questionnaires were properly filled and returned, 115 (83.3%) have had needle prick injury, 127 (92%) have had blood spilling on them and 118 (85.5%) have been involved in the management of hepatitis patients. One hundred and nineteen (86.2%) were afraid of contracting hepatitis infection from their place of work, 133 (96.4%) were aware of hepatitis B vaccine for adult, 87 (63%) had received at least one dose of hepatitis B vaccine but only 56 (40.6%) received the complete three doses. Health care workers in Benue State are aware of the risk of contracting viral hepatitis at their workplace and are concerned about this risk. However, the uptake of hepatitis B vaccination among them remains poor.
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Jansen, M., and J. Bredthauer. "Einfluß der Dotierung von BaPb0,75Bi0,25O3 mit K, Rb und Cs auf dessen supraleitende Eigenschaften." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, no. 1 (1991): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-0113.
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xIn the series with nominal stoichiometry Ba1-xAxPb0,75Bi0,25O3 (A = K, Rb with = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and A = Cs with x = 0.1) solid solutions were prepared. The composition of the samples obtained was verified by X -ray techniques. All compounds crystallize tetragonally with a 3-dimensional array of Pb(Bi) - O6 octahedra and Pb(Bi) -O -Pb(Bi) bonding angles of 180° (c-axis) and 165° (xK = 0.3) 168° (xRb = 0.3 and xCs = 0.1) within the a/b plane. Superconducting transition temperatures o f Ba1-xAxPb0,75Bi0,25O3 with Te = 12 (“onset”) were determined using a SQUID magnetometer.
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Martinez Hernandez, Heriberto, Marielle Gueguen Minerbe, Yoan Pechaud, and Thierry Sedran. "Evaluation of the ability of alkalophilic bacteria to form a biofilm on the surface of Portland cement-based mortars." Matériaux & Techniques 108, no. 3 (2020): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2020032.
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This paper investigates bacteria colonisation through biofilm formation, based on the premise that biofilm helps bacteria to have a better development. The aim is to homogenize bacterial growth on recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) to obtain a homogeneous precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). In previous studies, Bacillus halodurans C-125 was selected to perform biocarbonation on RCA to generate a coat of CaCO3 and diminish water absorption. Contrary to expectations, its poor development led to an heterogeneous CaCO3 precipitation, resulting in an inefficient treatment. Within the framework of this criterion the genetic information of B. halodurans C-125 was compared with a homologous specie “Bacillus subtilis str. 168” to know if it possessed the genes to encode Tas A and Tap A proteins. These proteins consolidate a robust biofilm in Bacillus subtilis str. 168, which promotes bacterial development and adhesion to a surface. Remarkably, B. halodurans C-125 lacks the genes to produce Tas A and Tap A. B. halodurans C-125 was also compared with a group of bacteria isolated from RCA to produce biofilm on MSgg media. Curiously, B. halodurans C-125 did not form a robust biofilm while the bacteria isolated from RCA did. Because of the capacity of the isolated bacteria to form biofilm, they were inoculated on a mortar disk with nutrient and MSgg broth. The results showed traces of bacterial development and precipitation of CaCO3 in form of calcite.
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Halimah, Giri, Mazarina Devi, and Issutarti Issutarti. "Pengaruh Suhu Pasteurisasi terhadap Warna, Kandungan Vitamin C dan Betakaroten pada Sari Buah Belimbing Nanas." Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi dan Edukasi Teknik 1, no. 3 (2021): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um068v1n3p162-168.
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The production of star fruit and pineapple in the city of Blitar is very high. Processing the fruit into pineapple star fruit juice is an attempt to utilize the fruit so that it is not damaged when production is very much. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of pineapple star fruit juice pasteurization temperature on color, vitamin C content and beta-carotene content of star fruit juice. This research is experimental research. The research design used was a completely randomized design (design), with one treatment, namely temperature pasteurization, which consisted of 3 levels, namely 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, each repeated 2 times. Observations were made on the physical properties of the color, the content of vitamin C and the content of beta-carotene. Data obtained from the laboratory, then analyzed using ANOVA, if a trial occurs with the DMRT test. The results showed that the pasteurization temperature influenced color, vitamin C content and beta carotene content of pineapple star fruit juice. In the pasteurization temperature treatment of 90°C, the highest level of color awareness (L) was 48.89) and the lowest reddish color level (value (a +) was 0.38). In the pasteurization temperature treatment of 70°C, the highest yellow level (highest (b +) value 5.725), the highest Vitamin C content (1,111mg) and the highest beta-carotene content (1.13 mg). From this research it can be denied that the brighter color of the 90°C pasteurization temperature treatment, the highest content of Vitamin C and beta-carotene content can be obtained from the pasteurization temperature measurement of 70°C.
 
 Produksi buah belimbing dan buah nanas di kota Blitar cukup melimpah. Pengolahan buah buah ini menjadi sari buah belimbing nanas merupakan usaha untuk memanfaatkan buah agar tidak rusak ketika produksi melimpah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh suhu pasteurisasi sari buah belimbing nanas terhadap warna, kandungan vitamin C dan betakaroten sari buah belimbing nanas. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan satu perlakuan yaitu suhu pasteurisasi, yang terdiri dari 3 tingkat, yaitu 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, masing masing diulang 2 kali pengulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sifat fisik warna, kandungan Vitamin C dan kandungan betakaroten. Data pengamatan yang didapat dari laboratorium, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, jika terjadi perbedaan dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu pasteurisasi yang berbeda berpengaruh terhadap warna, kandungan Vitamin C dan kandungan betakaroten sari buah belimbing nanas. Pada perlakuan suhu pasteurisasi 90°C, didapatkan tingkat kecerahan warna tertinggi (nilai (L) sebesar 48,89) dan tingkat warna kemerahan terendah ( nilai (a+) sebesar 0,38). Pada perlakuan suhu pasteurisasi 70°C, didapatkan tingkat warna kekuningan tertinggi (nilai (b+) sebesar 5,725), kandungan Vitamin C tertinggi (1,111mg) dan kandungan betakaroten tertinggi (1,13 mg). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa warna yang lebih cerah didapatkan dari perlakuan suhu pasteurisasi 90°C, kandungan Vitamin C dan kandungan betakaroten tertinggi didapatkan dari perlakuan suhu pasteurisasi 70°C. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggunakan suhu pasteurisasi 70°C.
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Novoa, J. E., A. L. Rojo, B. Beñaran, et al. "Fludarabine Monophosphate as First Line Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - 11 Years Clinical Experience." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 4970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4970.4970.
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Abstract Background: fludarabine (F) has become the standard first line therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in younger patients. Treatment of early stage patients with chlorambucil without risk stratification has not been shown to prolong survival. In recent years effective and potentially curative approaches such as nucleosides analogues, stem cell transplantation or monoclonal antibodies have been developed. The attraction of monoclonal antibodies is based on selective targeting of tumor - relevant surface markers and a distinct mechanism of action (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity). Aims: to assess the efficacy, safety and quality of life of F in previously untreated B-cell CLL patients in a group of medical institutions in Uruguay during 11 years (1995–2006). Methods: 168 patients between the period 1995 – 2006 were evaluated.120 of them received F intravenous formulation (1995–2006) and 48 the oral one (2002–2006). Age: 48 – 85 years old, media 67 years old. Gender: male 90, female 78. Inclusion criteria for B-cell CLL was Binet stages B, C and A progressive (Ap), 18 to 85 years old, non multiorganic failure, performance status 0 – 2 (WHO), written informed consent. First condition was non previous treatment. Staging: Binet A 12/168, B 116/168 & C 40/168. Treatment: as first line therapy all the patients received (minimum): 6 cycles of i.v. Fludarabine (Fludara®, Schering) 25 mg/m2/daily (5 days) e/30 days or Oral Fludarabine, 40 mg/m2/daily (5 days), 6 cycles. Results: on this B-cell CLL cohort the overall response rate (ORR) was 78% (CR+PR), 80% of them have immunophenotypic response. Safety: on the 1100 cycles in 168 patients, the toxicity was: 1 AIHA, 2 pancytopenia, 3 plaquetopenia. Grade 3–4 infection rate was 1,3%. No alopecia was observed in any patient. Kaposi sarcoma (0,7%). Mortality rate: 1,7% (3/168 patients). Other adverse factors to overall survival were, age over 65 (p=0,0001) and hepatic impairment (p=0,0001). Toxicity: (WHO>2): granulocytopenia 28%, thrombocytopenia 8%, infection 2%. Although fludarabine-treated patients experienced more significant myelosuppression, no difference in the treatment group was demonstrated. Causes of death: Richter 12%, sepsis 5%, associated disease 34%, second malignancy 17% and others 30%. Comparing oral with intravenous formulation in overall survival the results were: CLL 34% vs 36% (p= NS). Conclusions: fludarabine monofosfate (Fludara®) looks like an effective and safe treatment for B-cell CLL. The oral and intravenous formulations have a similar response rate in elderly and young patients. The challenge remains to integrate new information to apply novel therapies in a disease-specific and risk-adapted maner. A longer follow up and a larger trial, might be needed to confirm these results.
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Resar, L. M., C. Dolde, J. F. Barrett, and C. V. Dang. "B-myc inhibits neoplastic transformation and transcriptional activation by c-myc." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 2 (1993): 1130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.2.1130.
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B-myc is a recently described myc gene whose product has not been functionally characterized. The predicted product of B-myc is a 168-amino-acid protein with extensive homology to the c-Myc amino-terminal region, previously shown to contain a transcriptional activation domain. We hypothesized that B-Myc might also function in transcriptional regulation, although its role in regulating gene expression is predicted to be unique, because B-Myc lacks the specific DNA-binding motif found in other Myc proteins. To determine whether B-Myc could interact with the transcriptional machinery, we studied the transcriptional activation properties of a chimeric protein containing B-Myc sequences fused to the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 (GAL4-B-Myc). We found that GAL4-B-Myc strongly activated expression of a GAL4-regulated reporter gene in mammalian cells. In addition, full-length B-Myc was able to inhibit or squelch reporter gene activation by a GAL4 chimeric protein containing the c-Myc transcriptional activation domain. We also observed that B-Myc dramatically inhibited the neoplastic cotransforming activity of c-Myc and activated Ras in rat embryo cells. Because B-Myc inhibits both neoplastic transformation and transcriptional activation by c-Myc, we suggest that the transforming activity of c-Myc is related to its ability to regulate transcription. Whether B-Myc functions biologically to squelch transcription and/or to regulate transcription through a specific DNA-binding protein remains unestablished.
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Resar, L. M., C. Dolde, J. F. Barrett, and C. V. Dang. "B-myc inhibits neoplastic transformation and transcriptional activation by c-myc." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 2 (1993): 1130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.2.1130-1136.1993.
Full textAbstract:
B-myc is a recently described myc gene whose product has not been functionally characterized. The predicted product of B-myc is a 168-amino-acid protein with extensive homology to the c-Myc amino-terminal region, previously shown to contain a transcriptional activation domain. We hypothesized that B-Myc might also function in transcriptional regulation, although its role in regulating gene expression is predicted to be unique, because B-Myc lacks the specific DNA-binding motif found in other Myc proteins. To determine whether B-Myc could interact with the transcriptional machinery, we studied the transcriptional activation properties of a chimeric protein containing B-Myc sequences fused to the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 (GAL4-B-Myc). We found that GAL4-B-Myc strongly activated expression of a GAL4-regulated reporter gene in mammalian cells. In addition, full-length B-Myc was able to inhibit or squelch reporter gene activation by a GAL4 chimeric protein containing the c-Myc transcriptional activation domain. We also observed that B-Myc dramatically inhibited the neoplastic cotransforming activity of c-Myc and activated Ras in rat embryo cells. Because B-Myc inhibits both neoplastic transformation and transcriptional activation by c-Myc, we suggest that the transforming activity of c-Myc is related to its ability to regulate transcription. Whether B-Myc functions biologically to squelch transcription and/or to regulate transcription through a specific DNA-binding protein remains unestablished.
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Arifin, Zainal, and Moh Saeri. "Pengelolaan Air dan Mulsa pada Tanaman Bawang Merah di Lahan Kering (Water Management and Mulch on Shalot in Dry Land)." Jurnal Hortikultura 29, no. 2 (2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v29n2.2019.p159-168.
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<p>Budidaya bawang merah di lahan kering mempunyai ketersediaan air terbatas sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan air secara efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh interval waktu pemberian air yang efisien dan jenis mulsa yang dapat meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan usahatani bawang merah. Penelitian pengelolaan air dengan interval pengairan dan mulsa pada bawang merah varietas Monjung dilaksanakan pada MK II 2016 dalam luasan 2.500 m2 (ukuran petak 15 m x 6 m) di Desa Bunbarat, Kecamatan Rubaru, Kabupaten Sumenep, disusun secara acak kelompok faktorial dengan sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu: faktor I (mulsa): (a) mulsa plastik, (b) mulsa jerami, dan (c) tanpa mulsa, sedangkan faktor II (pengairan): (a) 1 hari sekali, (b) 2 hari sekali, dan (c) 3 hari sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan mulsa jerami disertai pengairan 2 hari sekali memberikan bobot umbi 7,89 ton/ha dan penggunaan air selama pertumbuhan tanaman sebesar 1.230 m3/ha sehingga untuk menghasilkan 1 kg umbi dibutuhkan 156 liter air. Berdasarkan hasil analisis usahatani bawang merah yang diberi mulsa jerami disertai pengairan 2 hari sekali dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air dan biaya produksi serta mempunyai B/C ratio tertinggi (2,27) sehingga layak secara ekonomi.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Pengelolaan air; Bawang merah; Mulsa; Lahan kering</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Shallot cultivation in dry land has limited water availability so needed to efficient water management. This study aims to obtain an efficient water time interval and mulch type that can increase production and farming income of shallot. Research on water management with irrigation interval and mulch on shallot of Monjung variety was implemented at dry season year 2016 in the area of 2,500 m2 (the size of plot 15 m long to 6 m width) at Bunbarat Village, Rubaru Subdistrict, Sumenep Regency were arranged of randomized block design by factorial with nine treatments and three replications : I (mulch): (a) plastic mulch, (b) straw mulch, and (c) without mulch, while factor II (irrigation): (a) irrigation every 1 day, (b) irrigation every 2 days, and (c) irrigation every 3 days. The results showed that straw mulch treatment with irrigation every 2 days gave a tuber weight of 7.89 ton/ha and the use of water during plant growth was 1,230 m3/ha so that to produce 1 kg of tubers required 156 liters of water. The analysis of shallot farming that is given mulch straw accompanied by irrigation every 2 days can increase the efficiency of water use and production costs and has the highest B/C ratio (2.27) so that it is economically feasible.</p>
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St. John, Franz J., John D. Rice, and James F. Preston. "Characterization of XynC from Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis Strain 168 and Analysis of Its Role in Depolymerization of Glucuronoxylan." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 24 (2006): 8617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01283-06.
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ABSTRACT Secretion of xylanase activities by Bacillus subtilis 168 supports the development of this well-defined genetic system for conversion of methylglucuronoxylan (MeGAXn [where n represents the number of xylose residues]) in the hemicellulose component of lignocellulosics to biobased products. In addition to the characterized glycosyl hydrolase family 11 (GH 11) endoxylanase designated XynA, B. subtilis 168 secretes a second endoxylanase as the translated product of the ynfF gene. This sequence shows remarkable homology to the GH 5 endoxylanase secreted by strains of Erwinia chrysanthemi. To determine its properties and potential role in the depolymerization of MeGAXn, the ynfF gene was cloned and overexpressed to provide an endoxylanase, designated XynC, which was characterized with respect to substrate preference, kinetic properties, and product formation. With different sources of MeGAXn as the substrate, the specific activity increased with increasing methylglucuronosyl substitutions on the β-1,4-xylan chain. With MeGAXn from sweetgum as a preferred substrate, XynC exhibited a V max of 59.9 units/mg XynC, a Km of 1.63 mg MeGAXn/ml, and a k cat of 2,635/minute at pH 6.0 and 37°C. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization—time of flight mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance data revealed that each hydrolysis product has a single glucuronosyl substitution penultimate to the reducing terminal xylose. This detailed analysis of XynC from B. subtilis 168 defines the unique depolymerization process catalyzed by the GH 5 endoxylanases. Based upon product analysis, B. subtilis 168 secretes both XynA and XynC. Expression of xynA was subject to MeGAXn induction; xynC expression was constitutive with growth on different substrates. Translation and secretion of both GH 11 and GH 5 endoxylanases by the fully sequenced and genetically malleable B. subtilis 168 recommends this bacterium for the introduction of genes required for the complete utilization of products of the enzyme-catalyzed depolymerization of MeGAXn. B. subtilis may serve as a model platform for development of gram-positive biocatalysts for conversion of lignocellulosic materials to renewable fuels and chemicals.
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Galeano, Belinda, Emily Korff, and Wayne L. Nicholson. "Inactivation of Vegetative Cells, but Not Spores, of Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B. subtilis on Stainless Steel Surfaces Coated with an Antimicrobial Silver- and Zinc-Containing Zeolite Formulation." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 7 (2003): 4329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.7.4329-4331.2003.
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ABSTRACT Stainless steel surfaces coated with paints containing a silver- and zinc-containing zeolite (AgION antimicrobial) were assayed in comparison to uncoated stainless steel for antimicrobial activity against vegetative cells and spores of three Bacillus species, namely, B. anthracis Sterne, B. cereus T, and B. subtilis 168. Under the test conditions (25°C and 80% relative humidity), the zeolite coating produced approximately 3 log10 inactivation of vegetative cells within a 5- to 24-h period, but viability of spores of the three species was not significantly affected.
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Krishnan, Gayathri, Richa Parikh, Anna N. Witt, Kulsum Bano, Sudeepa Bhattacharyya, and Atul Kothari. "730. Severity Of Clostridioides difficile Infection Based On Toxin Analysis, Acid Suppressant Medications and Antibiotics." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S415—S416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.922.
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Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile (C difficile) infection (CDI) is a major health problem in the United States and despite updated guidelines, the laboratory diagnosis remains vexed. A multistep algorithm is recommended to diagnose CDI that includes antigen, toxin and toxin gene Nucleic Acid Amplification (NAAT) assays. This study was done to assess severity of CDI based on toxin B and NAAT statuses. The other objective was to analyze if antibiotics and PPI/H2B (Proton Pump Inhibitors and H2 blockers) affected severity of CDI. Methods Retrospective analysis of all adult patients admitted to a tertiary medical center with diarrhea and a positive C difficile antigen test from 01/2017- 12/2017. From more than 2000 stool samples submitted to the lab, C diff antigen was positive in 265 patients. 191 were diagnosed with CDI based on the 2-step algorithm. Clinical data was available for 168 patients. Severity of CDI was determined based on published guidelines. Fischer’s exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 55.96. Toxin B was detected in 34% (57/168) patients and Toxin NAAT positive in 66% (111/168) patients. 57% of CDI was health care onset compared to 43% with community onset. 42% (72/168) were classified as severe out of which 40.2% (29) were toxin B positive, and 59.8% (43) were NAAT positive. There were no significant differences in severity of CDI based on toxin B and NAAT status (50.9% vs 38.4%, p=0.14). 46% of cases from community vs 39.6% from hospitals were classified as severe CDI (p=0.415). 72% of cases had antibiotic use in the last 30 days. Use of antibiotics was significantly associated with severe CDI (82% vs 64%, p=0.015). 62.5% (105) patients had history of PPI/H2B use and severity was not significantly associated with its use (p=0.872). Conclusion Our study shows that the presence of toxin did not significantly impact the clinical severity of CDI. The use of antibiotics did not affect the presence of toxin although the total number of CDI cases with previous antibiotic exposure was high. Patients who had recent antibiotic exposure were more likely to have severe clinical presentation. More toxin positive cases were health care onset but the effect was not pronounced. Severity of CDI did not significantly depend on health care onset or on exposure to PPI/H2B. Disclosures Atul Kothari, MD, Ansun Biopharma (Consultant)
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Buzzo, A. R., A. R. Pupulim, J. Mazucheli, F. V. Meirelles, and I. P. Emanuelli. "168 CORRELATION OF DEVELOPMENT KINETICS AND SEX OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, no. 1 (2012): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab168.
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Approaches to improve the culture medium for in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos have been continuous because of the high commercial demand and a portion of this attempts the production of female cattle (dairy cows and stud cattle). However, in some embryonic in vitro culture systems, the development kinetics is faster in male than in female embryos (Avery 1992 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 32, 265–70; Xu 1992 Mol. Reprod. Dev. 31, 249–50). The aim of this work was to relate the kinetics of blastocyst expansion with the production rates of male and female embryos. Cumulus–oocyte complexes (n = 917; classes I and II) of cows from a slaughterhouse were matured with TCM-199 bicarbonate and 10% FCS (38.5°C, 5% CO2) for 24 h and fertilized with frozen-thawed semen in TALP-IVF medium for 18 h. Presumptive zygotes were culture in SOF medium supplemented with 10% FSB (5% O2, 38.5°C). Seven days after IVF, embryos were divided in 2 groups according to their kinetic stage of development: nonexpanded blastocysts (n = 175), or hatched and expanded blastocysts (n = 146). Hence, embryos were individually frozen in LN and stored in cryotubes. After thawing, Proteinase K (16 mg mL–1) was added to each tube and the tubes were incubated for 60 min at 37°C. Proteinase was denatured at 98°C for 10 min and the contents of each tube were divided into 2 samples (A and B) and subjected to the PCR technique. Two pairs of primers for the specific sequence of the Y chromosome were used to amplify the sequence of 210 and 250 bp for the male bovine and 1 pair of primers was used for the autosomal bovine sequence with a 280-bp fragment. Female embryos with a 280-bp product were observed in sample A and none were observed in sample B. The presence of 2 amplicons (280 and 210 bp) in sample A and 1 amplicon of 250 bp in sample B indicated that the embryo was male. A chi-square test was used to evaluate homogeneity. An analysis of the percentage of males and females between the experimental groups was performed by logistic regression and significance was considered when P < 0.05. There was no difference in the proportions of males and females in the nonexpanded blastocyst group (49.71 and 50.29%; P > 0.05). In the hatched and expanded blastocyst group, the proportion of males (65.75%) was statistically different from the proportion of females (34.25%); that is, the chance of the embryo being male was twice as high (P < 0.0038). These results suggest that there is a difference in the kinetics of embryo development between male and female embryos and that blastocyst expansion can point that out. In vitro culture media with FCS support the development of expanded male blastocysts. Further research in culture medium modifications (FCS, the energy source, amino acids and others) are needed to respond to the trend in the production of sex-defined embryos.
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Juarez-Arellano, E. A., A. Friedrich, K. Knorr, et al. "Compressibility of the nitridosilicate SrYb[Si4N7] and the oxonitridoaluminosilicates MYb[Si4−x Al x O x N7−x] (x = 2; M = Sr, Ba)." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 62, no. 3 (2006): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768106010664.
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The compressibilities of the nitridosilicate SrYb[Si4N7] and the oxonitridoaluminosilicates MYb[Si4−x Al x O x N7−x ] (x = 2; M = Sr, Ba) were investigated by in situ high-pressure X-ray powder diffraction. Pressures up to 42 GPa were generated using the diamond–anvil cell technique. The title compounds are structurally stable to the highest pressure obtained. A fit of a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation-of-state to the p–V data results in V 0 = 302.91 (6) Å3, B 0 = 176 (2) GPa and B′ = 4.4 (2) for SrYb[Si4N7]; V 0 = 310.4 (1) Å3, B 0 = 161 (2) GPa and B′ = 4.6 (2) for SrYb[Si4−x Al x O x N7−x ]; and V 0 = 317.3 (5) Å3, B 0 = 168 (2) GPa and B′ = 4.7 (2) for BaYb[Si4−x Al x O x N7−x ]. While the linear compressibilities of the a and c axes of BaYb[Si4−x Al x O x N7−x ] are very similar up to 30 GPa, distinct differences were observed for SrYb[Si4N7] and SrYb[Si4−x Al x O x N7−x ], with the c axis being the most compressible axis. In all of the investigated compounds the bulk compressibility is dominated by the compression behaviour of the tetrahedral network, while the size of the substituted cation plays a minor role.
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Bertsch, Andreas, Gerhard K. H. Przemeck, and Martin Hrabé de Angelis. "Haplotypes, median networks, and diagnostic characters as tools to elucidate the intraspecific genetic and taxonomic structure of bumblebees, with a description of Bombus cryptarum pallidocinctus new subspecies (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 64, no. 2 (2014): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.64.2.221-229.
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Ein Alignment von 168 Sequenzen mitochondrialer DNA von Bombus cryptarum liefert 29 Haplotypen. Ein Median-Network zeigt fünf klar abgrenzbare Cluster, die Haplogruppen (HG) A-E, die durch diagnostische Positionen definiert werden. Vier dieser HG lassen sich bekannten Taxa zuordnen HG-A = B. cryptarum cryptarum, HG-B = B. cryptarum florilegus, HG-D = B. cryptarum albocinctus, und HG-E = B. cryptarum moderatus. Die Haplogruppe C entspricht einem neuen Taxon B. cryptarum pallidocinctus im Rang einer Unterart. Diese neue Unterart wird beschrieben. Die Verbreitung der Eurasiatischen Taxa wird untersucht und die Folgerungen aus Median-Network und geographischer Verbreitung für die mögliche Phylogenie werden diskutiert.StichwörterHymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus, mitochondrial DNA, new subspecies, geographic distributionNomenklatorische Handlungencryptarum pallidocinctus Bertsch et al., 2014 (Bombus), subspec. n.
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Ning, Xun An, Jing Yong Liu, and Zuo Yi Yang. "Study of Transmission Electromicroscope of Polyaluminum Chloride." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1260.
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Three series of polyaluminum chloride with aluminum concentration 2.50 mol/L (A, C, D series)have been prepared under simulated industrial production conditions and a series with Al concentration 0.150~0.336 mol/L has been obtained using a low-speed alkaline titrimetry(B series). The test results of transmission electromicroscope indicate that the particles of A, C and D series specimens are in the dispersing state, there no particles appear in the flocculating mass and branching state, while the particles of B series specimens at middle and lower basicity appear in the flocculating mass and branching state, at hingher basicity they are in the dispersing state.
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Goyette, Bernard, Clément Vigneault, Marie Thérèse Charles, and Vijaya G. S. Raghavan. "Effect of hyperbaric treatments on the quality attributes of tomato." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, no. 3 (2012): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-168.
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Goyette, B., Vigneault, C., Charles, M. T. and Raghavan, V. G. S. 2012. Effect of hyperbaric treatments on the quality attributes of tomato. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 541–551. An experimental hyperbaric system was conceptualized, designed and built to explore the effect of hyperbaric treatment on the quality attributes of tomato. Tomato fruits at the early breaker stage were subjected to hyperbaric pressures of 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9 atmabs for different durations (5, 10 or 15 d) at 13°C. The effect of hyperbaric treatment on postharvest quality of tomato fruit was evaluated with an emphasis on weight loss, firmness, color, titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS). Hyperbaric treated tomato fruit ripened more slowly and were characterized by lower respiration rate than fruits kept under ambient conditions. Significant differences in weight loss, color, lycopene concentration and firmness were found between hyperbaric treated and control tomato fruit. No significant difference was found in the sugar/acid ratio (TSS/TA).
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Kang, Chia-Yu, I.-Hsiu Huang, Chi-Chi Chou, et al. "Functional analysis of Clostridium difficile sortase B reveals key residues for catalytic activity and substrate specificity." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 11 (2020): 3734–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.011322.
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Most of Gram-positive bacteria anchor surface proteins to the peptidoglycan cell wall by sortase, a cysteine transpeptidase that targets proteins displaying a cell wall sorting signal. Unlike other bacteria, Clostridium difficile, the major human pathogen responsible for antibiotic-associated diarrhea, has only a single functional sortase (SrtB). Sortase's vital importance in bacterial virulence has been long recognized, and C. difficile sortase B (Cd-SrtB) has become an attractive therapeutic target for managing C. difficile infection. A better understanding of the molecular activity of Cd-SrtB may help spur the development of effective agents against C. difficile infection. In this study, using site-directed mutagenesis, biochemical and biophysical tools, LC-MS/MS, and crystallographic analyses, we identified key residues essential for Cd-SrtB catalysis and substrate recognition. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first evidence that a conserved serine residue near the active site participates in the catalytic activity of Cd-SrtB and also SrtB from Staphylococcus aureus. The serine residue indispensable for SrtB activity may be involved in stabilizing a thioacyl-enzyme intermediate because it is neither a nucleophilic residue nor a substrate-interacting residue, based on the LC-MS/MS data and available structural models of SrtB–substrate complexes. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that residues 163–168 located on the β6/β7 loop of Cd-SrtB dominate specific recognition of the peptide substrate PPKTG. The results of this work reveal key residues with roles in catalysis and substrate specificity of Cd-SrtB.
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Liu, Bin, Da Deng, Jim Yang Lee, and Eray S. Aydil. "Oriented single-crystalline TiO2 nanowires on titanium foil for lithium ion batteries." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 8 (2010): 1588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0204.
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A simple and environmentally benign three-step hydrothermal method was developed for growing oriented single-crystalline TiO2-B and/or anatase TiO2 nanowire arrays on titanium foil over large areas. These nanowire arrays are suitable for use as the anode in lithium ion batteries; they exhibit specific capacities ranging from 200–250 mAh/g at charge-discharge rates of 0.3 C where 1 C is based on the theoretical capacity of 168 mAh/g. Batteries retain this capacity over as many as 200 charge-discharge cycles. Even at high charge-discharge rates of 0.9 C and 1.8 C, the specific capacities were 150 mAh/g and 120 mAh/g, respectively. These promising properties are attributed to both the nanometer size of the nanowires and their oriented alignment. The comparable electrochemical performance to existing technology, improved safety, and the ability to roll titanium foils into compact three-dimensional structures without additional substrates, binders, or additives suggest that these TiO2 nanowires on titanium foil are promising anode materials for large-scale energy storage.
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Williams, David R., Kevin G. Meyer, Khalida Shamim, and Samarjit Patnaik. "Diastereoselectivity in asymmetric allylations: The role of vicinal chirality in the allyl nucleophile for SE2′ reactions with aldehydes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 82, no. 2 (2004): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-168.
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A series of nonracemic homoallylic alcohols have been prepared by asymmetric allylation using the (R,R)- and (S,S)-1,2-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane bis-sulfonamide controller ligands for in situ formation of chiral B-allyl-1,3,2-diazaborolidines. Diastereofacial selectivity is influenced by adjacent stereochemistry incorporated into the allyl moiety at C-2, in addition to the expected role of the chiral auxiliary. Additional asymmetry in the aldehyde reactant introduces threefold stereodifferentiation. A model is developed to identify reinforcing stereochemical relationships, and examples have ascertained the relative significance of these factors. The methodology supports the construction of complex homoallylic alcohols in a highly convergent fashion.Key words: asymmetric allylation, diastereofacial selectivity, 1,4-stereocontrol, homoallylic alcohols.
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Chennell, Philip, Mouloud Yessaad, Florence Abd El Kader та ін. "Do Ophthalmic Solutions of Amphotericin B Solubilised in 2-Hydroxypropyl-γ-Cyclodextrins Possess an Extended Physicochemical Stability?" Pharmaceutics 12, № 9 (2020): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090786.
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Fungal keratitis is a sight-threatening disease for which amphotericin B eye drops is one of the front-line treatments. Unfortunately, there are currently no commercial forms available, and there is little data concerning the long-term stability of compounded formulations based on intravenous dosages forms. New formulations of amphotericin B ophthalmic solutions solubilised with γ-cyclodextrins have shown promising in-vitro results, but stability data is also lacking. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the stability of a formulation of ready-to-use amphotericin B solubilised in 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrins (AB-HP-γ-CD), for 350 days. An amphotericin B deoxycholate (ABDC) formulation was used as a comparator. Analyses used were the following: visual inspection, turbidity, osmolality and pH measurements, amphotericin B quantification by a stability-indicating liquid chromatography method, breakdown product research, and sterility assay. AB-HP-γ-CD formulation showed signs of chemical instability (loss of amphotericin B) after 28 and 56 days at 25 °C and 5 °C. Adding an antioxidant (ascorbic acid) to the formulation did not improve stability. ABDC formulation showed signs of physical instability (increased turbidy and amphotericin B precipitation) after 28 days and 168 days at 25 °C and 5 °C. As such, AB-HP-γ-CD formulation does not provide long-term stability for ophthalmic amphotericin B solutions.
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Nishikawa, Hiroki, Kazunori Yoh, Hirayuki Enomoto, Shuhei Nishiguchi, and Hiroko Iijima. "Dynapenia Rather Than Sarcopenia Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases." Diagnostics 11, no. 7 (2021): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11071262.
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We aimed to examine the association between sarcopenia-related factors and metabolic syndrome (Met-S) in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs, n = 582, average age = 59.5 years, 290 males, 168 liver cirrhosis cases). Met-S was determined based on the Japanese criteria. Sarcopenia was determined based on grip strength (GS) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Our cohort was divided into the four groups: (A) sarcopenia (n = 44), (B) dynapenia (n = 45), (C) presarcopenia (n = 112), and (D) the control (n = 381). Impacts of GS and SMI on Met-S were investigated. In males, waist circumference (WC) ≥ 85 cm was observed in 199 patients (68.6%), while in females, WC ≥ 90 cm was observed in 94 patients (32.2%). Met-S was identified in 109 patients (18.7%). The proportion of Met-S in the group A, B, C and D were 18.2%, 48.9%, 8.0%, and 18.4% (A vs. B, p = 0.0033; B vs. C, p < 0.0001; C vs. D, p = 0.0081; A vs. C, p = 0.0867; A vs. D, p = 1.000, B vs. D, p < 0.0001; overall p value < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, gender, and group B (dynapenia) were significant factors linked to the presence of Met-S. In conclusion, dynapenia rather than sarcopenia is associated with Met-S in CLD patients.
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Lee, Du-Yeong, Hyung-Tak Seo, and Jea-Gun Park. "Effects of the radio-frequency sputtering power of an MgO tunneling barrier on the tunneling magneto-resistance ratio for Co2Fe6B2/MgO-based perpendicular-magnetic tunnel junctions." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 1 (2016): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc03669k.
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For Co<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>6</sub>B<sub>2</sub>–MgO based p-MTJ spin valves with [Co/Pt]<sub>n</sub>–SyAF layers ex situ annealed at 350 °C and 30 kOe for 30 min, the tunneling magneto-resistance (TMR) ratio strongly depended on the radio-frequency (RF) sputtering power in a 0.65–1.15 nm thick MgO tunneling barrier, achieving a TMR ratio of 168% at 300 W.
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Charikova, T. B., N. G. Shelushinina, G. I. Harus, D. S. Petukhov, O. E. Sochinskaya та A. A. Ivanov. "Magnetoresistivity and Hall Effect in Mixed and Normal States of Electron-Doped Superconductor Nd2-XCexCuO4+δ with Nonstoichiometric Disorder". Solid State Phenomena 168-169 (грудень 2010): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.168-169.537.
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Magnetoresistivity and Hall effect measured in magnetic fields up to B=9T (B ║ c, J ║ ab) in electron-doped Nd2−xCexCuO4+δ single crystal films with x = 0.15 and different oxygen content (δ) were studied in a temperature range of 0.4-4.2 K. The resistivity and Hall coefficient behaviors in the mixed state are discussed in the framework of flux-flow model with the inclusion of the back-flow of vortices owing to the pinning forces.
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Donati, Donato, Stefano Roelens, Riccardo Torriti, and Giovanni Valle. "Structure and Binding Properties of Four New Oligomeric Cyclophane Esters: 1,4-Xylylene 1,4-Phenylene Diacetates and Dipropionates." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 5 (1998): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97215.
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The X-ray crystal structure determinations of four new oligomeric cyclophane esters are reported. They are: (3a) monomeric 1,4-xylylene (1,4-phenylene)diacetate, P21/n (No. 14), a 5·959(5), b 15·795(5), c 8·094(5) Å, β 108·060(5)°, V 724·3(8) Å3 , Z 2, R1(2σ) 0·0522, wR2 0·125; (3b) monomeric 1,4-xylylene (1,4-phenylene)dipropionate, P21/c (No. 14), a 5·878(1), b 14·642(2), c 18·909(2) Å, β 96·00(10)°, V 1618·5(4) Å3 , Z 4, R1(2σ) 0·053, wR2 0·165; (3c) dimeric 1,4-xylylene (1,4-phenylene)diacetate, P-1 (No. 2), a 14·633(2), b 17·529(2), c 5·736(1) Å, α 98·30(10), β 90·60(10), γ 95·40(10)°, V 1449·0(4) Å3, Z 2, R1(2σ) 0·057, wR2 0·158; (3d) dimeric 1,4-xylylene (1,4-phenylene)dipropionate, P21/a (No. 14), a 8·145(1), b 11·379(2), c 17·401(2) Å, β 101·40(10)°, V 1580·9(4) Å3, Z 4, R1(2σ) 0·034, wR2 0·095. Monomeric cyclophanes (3a,b) exhibit a well defined cleft, while dimeric (3c,d) adopt a flat conformation devoid of cavities. Binding properties were determined by 1H n.m.r. titrations in CDCl3 at T = 296 K. Complexation experiments with quaternary ammonium salts revealed that host (3c) possesses appreciable binding ability toward N-methylpyridinium (–ΔG° = 5·9 kJ mol-1), tetramethylammonium (–ΔG° = 8·8 kJ mol-1) and acetylcholine (–ΔG° = 7·5 kJ mol-1) cations, despite its lack of a preorganized cavity.
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Vasilenko, N. P., F. A. Mikhailenko, and A. G. Maidannik. "Symmetrical dyes ? Derivatives of naphtho[1,8-b,c]thiophene." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 23, no. 3 (1987): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00762000.
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Avila-Dávila, E. O., S. Lezama-Álvarez, M. L. Saucedo-Muñóz, V. M. López-Hirata, J. L. González-Velázquez, and M. Pérez-Labra. "Simulación numérica de la descomposición espinodal en sistemas de aleación hipotéticos A-B y A-B-C." Revista de Metalurgia 48, no. 3 (2012): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.1168.
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Gerke, Birgit, and Rainer Pöttgen. "Alkaline earth-gold-aluminides: synthesis and structure of SrAu3Al2, SrAu2.83Al2.17, BaAu2.89Al2.11 and BaAu7.09Al5.91." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 70, no. 12 (2015): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2015-0119.
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AbstractNew alkaline earth-gold-aluminides were synthesized from the elements in sealed tantalum or quartz ampoules in muffle furnaces at maximum annealing temperatures of 1325 K. The structures were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data. SrAu3Al2 crystallizes in an ordered version of the LT-SrZn5 structure: Pnma, a = 1315.9(3), b = 549.0(1), c = 684.5(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0232, 930 F2 values, 35 variables. SrAu2.83Al2.17 (a = 1065.0(2), b = 845.0(2), c = 548.1(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0416, 452 F2 values, 22 variables) and BaAu2.89Al2.11 (a = 1096.1(3), b = 835.7(3), c = 554.0(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0280, 501 F2 values, 22 variables) both adopt the BaZn5 type, space group Cmcm with Au/Al mixing on the 4c site. The gold and aluminum atoms in both types form three-dimensional networks of condensed tetrahedra with the strontium and barium atoms in large cavities. BaAu7.09Al5.91 is a new member of the NaZn13 type: Fm3̅c, a = 1257.6(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0267, 168 F2 values, 12 variables. Both the 96i and 8b sites show Au/Al mixing. The crystal chemical details are discussed.
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Seidel, Asher. "CHINESE ROOMS, A, B, AND C." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 70, no. 2 (1989): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0114.1989.tb00376.x.
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Bynum, R. Vann, H. M. Zhang, William E. Hunter та Jerry L. Atwood. "Pyrrolyl complexes of the early transition metals. 3. Preparation and crystal structure of (η5-C5H5)2Zr(η1-NC4H2Me2)2 and Zr(η1-NC4H2Me2)4". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, № 7 (1986): 1254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-216.
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The title compounds were synthesized by the reactions of NaNC4H2Me2 with the appropriate complex metal chloride in THF. The crystal structures have been determined from X-ray data measured by counter methods. (η5-C5H5)2Zr(η1-NC4H2Me2)2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with cell dimensions a = 15.797(6), b = 14.327(5), c = 16.417(6) Å, and ρcalcd = 1.46 g cm−3 for Z = 8. Full-matrix least-squares refinement led to a final R factor of 0.041 based on 536 observed reflections. Zr(η1-NC4H2Me2)4 belongs to the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 14.065(5), b = 10.717(4), c = 15.733(6) Å, β = 90.61(4)°, and ρcalcd = 1.31 g cm−3 for Z = 4. A final R value of 0.029 resulted from the refinement on the basis of 2649 observed reflections. The dicyclopentadienyl derivative exhibits two features of importance. The Zr—N—centroid angles are 159 and 168°, and the Zr—N bond lengths are 2.24(2) Å. In the homoleptic complex the corresponding values are 164–169° and 2.069(3)–2.090(3) Å. In both cases the bonding parameters are indicative of a substantial amount of π overlap between the zirconium atom and the pyrrolyl nitrogen atom.
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Patt-Siebel, Ute, Somluck Ruangsuttinarupap, Ulrich Müller, Jürgen Pebler, and Kurt Dehnicke. "S5N5[SnCl5(CH3CN)]; Synthese, IR-Spektrum, 119Sn-Mößbauer-Spektrum und Kristallstruktur / S5N5[SnCl5(CH3CN)]; Synthesis, IR Spectrum , Mössbauer Spectrum and Crystal Structure." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 41, no. 10 (1986): 1191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1986-1001.
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S5N5[SnCl5(CH3CN)] is prepared by the reaction of SnCl2 with trithiazyl chloride in acetonitrile suspension. The compound is characterized by its IR spectrum, the 119Sn Mössbauer spectrum and by an X-ray crystal structure determination (1851 observed, independent reflexions, R = 0.024). S5N5[SnCl5(CH3CN)] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with Z = 4 and the lattice dimensions a = 758.8; b = 1574.6; c = 1429.1 pm; β = 97.65°. The compound consists of planar S5N5® cations with the azulene-like structure, and anions [SnCl5(CH3CN)]e in which the tin atom has a distorted octahedral coordination. The bond angle Sn-N ≡ C (168°) is surprisingly small.
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Blanchet, Philippe. "Note de lecture : Fracchiolla, B., Romain, C., Moïse, C. et Auger, N. (dir.), 2013, Violences verbales. Analyses, enjeux et perspectives, Rennes, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 168 pages." Cahiers internationaux de sociolinguistique 4, no. 2 (2013): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cisl.1302.0187.
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Herawati, Herawati. "Kalimat Larangan dalam Bahasa Jawa." Gramatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan 3, no. 2 (2015): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31813/gramatika/3.2.2015.33.159--168.
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Kalimat larangan merupakan subbagian dalam kalimat imperatif atau perintah. Makna ujaran yang bersifat melarang diungkapkan dengan bentuk imperatif negatif aja ‘jangan’. Teori yang dipergunakan adalah teori struktural. Metode yang dipergunakan metode distribusional dengan teknik parafrasa atau pengubahan bentuk atau sinonimi gramatikal, dan substitusi. Hasil pembahasan kalimat larangan meliputi (a) struktur internal kalimat larangan yang membedakan dengan bentuk kalimat lainnya, (b) jenis konstituen yang mendukung terbentukya kalimat larangan, dan (c) status argumen pada konstituen pengisi fungsi subjek yang membedakan subjenis kalimat larangan yang satu dengan subjenis kalimat larangan yang lain.
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Kashyap, Ashwin. "Hepatitis C and B-Cell Lymphoma." Annals of Internal Medicine 128, no. 8 (1998): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-8-199804150-00022.
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Zuckerman, Eli. "Hepatitis C and B-Cell Lymphoma." Annals of Internal Medicine 128, no. 8 (1998): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-8-199804150-00023.
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Tomaso-Peterson, M., and L. E. Trevathan. "Rhizoctonia solani AG-13 Isolated from Corn in Mississippi." Plant Disease 88, no. 8 (2004): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.8.908a.
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Rhizoctonia solani K¨hn anastomosis group (AG) 13 was isolated from asymptomatic root tissue of a corn (Zea mays L.) seedling grown at the Black Belt Branch Experiment Station, Brooksville, MS. Rhizoctonia solani AG-13 was recently reported from cotton grown in Georgia (2). Rhizoctonia solani isolate MS-168 was successfully anastomosed with tester isolate AG-13 (courtesy of D. E. Carling, University of Alaska). The hyphal diameter at the point of anastomosis was reduced, the anastomosis point was obvious, and cell death of adjacent cells was observed. These results were confirmed by D. E. Carling and are consistent with C2 anastomosis hyphal reactions (1). Rhizoctonia solani isolate MS-168 was cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 27 ± °C with a 12-h photoperiod for 28 days. Mycelium was buff-brown to beige with diurnal zonation throughout the colony. Aggregates of bulbils developed in the center of the colony that were dark brown, dome shaped, and accompanied by brown exudate. Bulbils were submerged in the medium and scattered across the surface of the colony. The optimal growing temperature of MS-168 was 27°C. Two pathogenicity evaluations were conducted on 170 corn seedlings planted into soilless potting medium. Four-day-old corn seedlings were inoculated with 7-day-old PDA hyphal plugs (2 mm in diameter) of R. solani isolate MS-168 by placing the mycelium side of the hyphal plug in contact with the mesocotyl tissue beneath the soil surface. The hyphal plugs were covered with soil. The nontreated corn seedlings were inoculated with PDA plugs minus the fungus. Corn seedlings were maintained under environmentally controlled conditions at 27 ±2 °C with a 12-h photoperiod and watered to prevent wilting. Disease symptoms on mesocotyl tissue were rated from 1 to 4 in which 1 = no symptoms, 2 = a few pinpoint lesions and diffuse discolored areas, 3 = distinct necrotic lesions, and 4 = girdling lesions (3). Fourteen days postinoculation, treated seedlings had a significantly higher disease rating (1.5) than the nontreated control (1.0). Thirty of eighty-seven corn seedlings inoculated with MS-168 expressed symptoms of discoloration and pinpoint and necrotic lesions on the mesocotyl tissue at the site of inoculation. On the basis of the results of the pathogenicity evaluation, MS-168 can be characterized as weakly virulent on seedling corn when grown under controlled environmental conditions. The identification of R. solani isolate MS-168 (AG-13) from corn in Mississippi broadens the natural distribution of occurrence and host range of this anastomosis group. References: (1) D. E. Carling. Grouping in Rhizoctonia solani by hyphal anastomosis reactions. Pages 37–47 in: Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular, Biological, Ecological, Pathology, and Disease Control. B. Sneh et al., eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1996. (2) D. E. Carling et al. Phytopathology 92:893, 2002. (3) C. S. Rothrock. Report of the cottonseed treatment committee for 1993. Page 216–217 in: Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conf. Natl. Cotton Counc. Am., Memphis, TN, 1994.
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Resende, José Maria do Amaral, José Marques Júnior, Marcilio Vieira Martins Filho, Jussara Silva Dantas, Diego Silva Siqueira, and Daniel De Bortoli Teixeira. "Variabilidade espacial de atributos de solos coesos do leste maranhense." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 38, no. 4 (2014): 1077–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000400004.
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A demanda nacional e internacional por mapas de atributos do solo tem aumentado. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar e associar a variabilidade da granulometria, os atributos químicos e a cor de solos coesos a diferentes formas de paisagem, em áreas agrícolas e de vegetação nativa, por meio de técnicas geoestatísticas. Para a instalação do experimento, foram escolhidas três áreas representadas por uma área cultivada com soja e, contígua a essa, uma com cobertura vegetal remanescente de três feições de cerrado, designadas de Cerradão (A), Cerrado (B) e Campo Cerrado (C). As áreas A e B estão localizadas em pedoforma côncava e a área C, na convexa. Em cada área, foram estabelecidas malhas de amostragem com 121 pontos; nas áreas com cobertura vegetal construíram-se transeções com cinco pontos espaçados em 20 m. Os maiores alcances médios, considerando ambas as profundidades avaliadas, foram encontrados para a área A, sendo de 115 m para granulometria, 157 m para atributos químicos e 168 m para a cor do solo. A área B apresentou alcances médios de 95, 64 e 160 m para granulometria, atributos químicos e cor do solo, respectivamente. A área C, por sua vez, exibiu alcances médios de 63, 65 e 58 m para granulometria, atributos químicos e cor do solo, respectivamente. O ambiente com maior variabilidade (área C) está relacionado com locais de ocorrência de vegetação do tipo Campo Cerrado e pedoforma convexa. Esse mesmo local evidenciou a menor capacidade de resposta ao manejo da cultura de soja, evidenciado pelos índices de fertilidade do solo para essa cultura, com destaque para os baixos valores de matéria orgânica (9,20 mg kg-1) e CTC (29,60 mmol c dm-3). Assim, pode-se afirmar que para o compartimento geológico estudado, os ambientes de alta variabilidade sempre estão associados a áreas com menor resposta ao manejo do solo para a cultura da soja.
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Thiele, Todd E., Gertjan Van Dijk, Keith A. Yagaloff, et al. "Central infusion of melanocortin agonist MTII in rats: assessment of c-Fos expression and taste aversion." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 1 (1998): R248—R254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.1.r248.
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Like leptin (OB protein), central infusion of the nonspecific melanocortin agonist MTII reduces food intake for relatively long periods of time (i.e., 12 h; W. Fan, B. A. Boston, R. A. Kesterson, V. J. Hruby, and R. D. Cone, Nature: 385: 165–168, 1997). To test the hypothesis that MTII may influence ingestive behavior via mechanisms similar to those that mediate the effects of leptin, we infused a single dose of MTII into the third ventricle (i3vt) of Long-Evans rats and examined three dependent measures that have been studied following i3vt infusion of leptin: 1) effects on long-term food intake and body weight (48 h), 2) patterns of c-Fos expression in the brain, and 3) conditioned taste aversion learning. Similar to leptin, MTII reduced 48-h food intake (1.0 nmol dose), reduced body weight at 24 and 48 h (0.1 and 1.0 nmol doses, respectively), and induced c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the central nucleus of the amygdala. In contrast to leptin, MTII was found to produce conditioned taste aversions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that MTII may influence regulatory behavior via mechanisms similar to those that mediate the effects of leptin.
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Armstrong, A. H. "Hans Dieter Betz: Hellenismus and Urchristentum. Gesammelte Aufsätze, I. Pp. v + 303. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1990. DM 168." Classical Review 42, no. 01 (1992): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x00283248.
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Ayanwale, B. A., and B. K. Ogunmodede. "GROWTH AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BROILERS FED DIFFERENT COMMERCIAL PREMIXES AT TWO DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 26 (March 11, 2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v26i1.2978.
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Three different brands of commercial premixes were fed to a total of 270 Brown Hypeco breeds of broilers at starter and finisher stages of development. At the starter phase the broiler chickens were divided into three experimental groups. Each group was fed one type of premix in duplicates and designated A, B and C. At the finisher phase, each of the 3 groups was divided into 3 experimental group to obtain a total of mine premix combinations. Data on growth rate, feed and energy intake were recorded from which weight gain and energy efficiency were calculated. The results showed that broilers fed premix B at both development stages had better body weight and gain (20.59g/day), comsumed more DM (56g/day), energy (168 kcal / day) with better energy efficiency than broilers in other groups. Energy efficiency of broilers fed premix A was better than that of C – fed broilers at finisher phase. Energy efficiency was improved when broilers were finished with premix B irrespective of the starter premix. The poor energy efficiency of broilers fed premix A or C was attributed to deficiency of thiamine and marginal deficiency of other energy related micro-nutrients leading to nutrients imbalance.
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Elkassas, Dina, and Abla Arafa. "Assessment of post-contamination treatments affecting different bonding stages to dentin." European Journal of Dentistry 10, no. 03 (2016): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.184159.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To assess the effect of cleansing treatments following saliva and blood contamination at different bonding stages to dentin. Materials and Methods: Labial surfaces of 168 permanent maxillary central incisors were ground flat exposing superficial dentin. Specimens were divided into: uncontaminated control (A), contamination after etching (B), contamination after adhesive application (C), contamination after adhesive polymerization (D). Groups were further subdivided according to cleansing treatments into: rinsing (B1, C1, D1), re-etching (B2, D3), sodium hypochlorite application (B3), ethyl alcohol application (C2), acetone application (C3), rinsing and rebonding (D2), re-etching and rebonding (D4). Composite microcylinders were bonded to treated substrates and shear loaded micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) until failure and treated surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscope. Debonded surfaces were classified as adhesive, cohesive or mixed failure. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: The μSBS values were ranked as follow; Group B: A > B3 > B2 > B1 > B, Group C: A > C3 > C2 > C1 > C, Group D: A > D4 > D1 = D2 ≥ D3. Debonded surfaces showed adhesive failure in Group B while cohesive failure in Groups C and D. Conclusions: Cleansing treatments differ according to bonding step; re-etching then rebonding suggested if etched substrate or polymerized adhesive were contaminated while acetone application decontaminated affected unpolymerized adhesive.