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Greenwood, Martin. "Victorian ideal sculpture 1830-1880." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289031.
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Gunn, S. "The Manchester middle class, 1850-1880." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504954.
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Leite, Neto João. "Índios e Terras Ceará: 1850-1880." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/7010.
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Previous issue date: 2011Esta tese, intitulada Índios e Terras Ceará: 1850-1880, analisa o aparente desaparecimento dos povos indígenas no Ceará, na segunda metade do século XIX, contextualizado por diferentes processos de territorialização e de relações interétnicas, e também respaldado pelo silenciamento oficial quanto ao reconhecimento desta etnia. O período enfocado inclui a vigência da Lei de Terras aprovação, regulamentação, implementação, dinâmica, significados. Para desconstruir os argumentos defendidos pela elite dominante sobre o desaparecimento dos povos indígenas aldeados no Ceará, no período de 1850 a 1880, lacunas e silêncios, ditos e não-ditos do discurso oficial da época são demoradamente investigados. A atuação do Poder Legislativo local relativamente aos índios aldeados, as relações entre o Poder Judiciário provincial e a sociedade indígena, bem como o processo de demarcação de suas terras são analisados com base em documentos da Secretaria do Governo, dentre os quais ofícios expedidos pelo Presidente da Província às câmaras municipais de diversas vilas, e aos promotores, chefes de polícia, delegados e subdelegados de diversas localidades. Buscando desconstruir imagens e concepções sociais elaboradas historicamente com a finalidade de legitimar a condição de marginalizados vivida pelos povos indígenas ante à sociedade nacional, argumenta-se que, no Brasil, em especial, no Ceará, o desaparecimento indígena relaciona-se, dentre outros aspectos, à questão da terra. O discurso da elite dominante sobre o desaparecimento indígena é caracterizado como subterfúgio para a expropriação agrária e para a utilização de índios como mão-de-obra assalariada a serviço dos grandes fazendeiros, já que no período analisado há uma efetiva presença indígena, resistindo bravamente à expulsão de suas terras e, conseqüentemente, à integração social forçada
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Clemente, Jacilene dos Santos. "Culturas escolares em Recife (1880-1888)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/13065.
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Nos últimos vinte anos o conceito de cultura escolar emergiu dentro do cenário das pesquisas em educação no Brasil. Compreendido como uma das facetas do processo de escolarização, ele engloba toda a vida escolar, ideias, corpos, mentes, objetos, condutas, formas de ser e fazer. Nesse trabalho investigamos, através dos anúncios de escolas publicados por professores particulares no Diário de Pernambuco, algumas das características das culturas escolares anunciadas e potencialmente vividas na cidade do Recife entre 1880 e 1888. Nos anúncios, os docentes apresentaram os endereços de suas escolas, algumas características dos prédios e espaços nos quais suas escolas funcionaram, os graus de instrução potencialmente ensinados (primário e secundário), as disciplinas oferecidas, os valores morais orientadores do ensino, métodos de ensino, os objetivos a serem alcançados pelos alunos e etc. Dessas informações nos detivemos nos endereços, através dos quais mapeamos as escolas, localizando-as na geografia da cidade. Além disso, analisamos as descrições dos espaços escolares e dos métodos anunciados. Para investigar as características dos métodos de ensino anunciados somamos, aos anúncios das escolas, a análise das cartilhas de alfabetização dos métodos de Castilho, João de Deus e Intuitivo ou Lição das Coisas. Por fim, analisamos como e se as culturas escolares do Recife, nos últimos anos da escravidão, se relacionaram, ou não com os debates acerca da Abolição, característicos do período. Por fim, concluímos que nas culturas das escolas particulares do Recife localizaram-se nos bairros centrais, estiveram abertas aos debates pedagógicos característicos do período, mas se mantiveram majoritariamente distanciadas dos debates e propostas, tanto abolicionistas, quanto escravistas.
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Speare, Mary Jean. "The transformation of opéra-comique : 1850-1880 /." Ann Arbor : UMI, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376595019.
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Homberger, Margaret Alissa. "Wrongful confinement and Victorian psychiatry, 1840-1880." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28851.
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Victorian society witnessed a transformation in the understanding and treatment of psychological disorders. The expansion of nosologies or classifications of lunacy was one measure hailed by psychological physicians as indicative of their mastery over madness. Yet between the 1840s and the 1870s the introduction of moral insanity and monomania to established classificatory systems undercut the medical authority of physicians and challenged their desired cultural stature as benevolent and authoritative agents of cure. Far from consolidating medical authority, these `partial' forms of lunacy (which were detected in the emotions rather than the intellect) paradoxically heightened anxiety about the ease with which eccentric or sane individuals could be wrongfully incarcerated in lunatic asylums. This dissertation examines the themes, motifs and defining issues of wrongful incarceration as they were discussed in Parliament, national and regional newspapers, medical and literary journals, and novels and short stories. Discussing in detail several infamous `cases' of wrongful confinement, it traces the ways in which anxieties were formulated, expressed and negotiated. The public outcry over cultural representations of wrongful confinement generated heated reactions from physicians and lunacy law reformers. The most contentious discussions centred on the manner in which notions of humanity and benevolence, and tyranny and liberty, were marshalled to influence public opinion. These debates represented not solely a legal conflict centring the claim to treatment and authority over the alleged lunatic, but more dramatically a battle for the public's good opinion. As important as medico-legal trials and their consequent rulings was the contested appropriateness of sentiment; this was manifested in words and images utilised to exacerbate or contain anxiety. The wrongful confinement controversy constitutes an important (though largely overlooked) episode in the history of English nineteenth-century psychiatry; formatively altering perceptions of the profession of mental science in the Victorian period.
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Meyer, Basil. "Consumptive death in Victorian literature, 1830-1880." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1654.
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Victorian medical men, writers, relatives of the dying and consumptive sufferers themselves seized on the narrative potential of representations of the disease in a variety of ways. I argue that both medical and lay writers subscribed to a common set of beliefs about the disease and that medical knowledge, moreover, shared a common narrative way of knowing and understanding it. I analyse aspects of general clinical expository texts, including accompanying illustrations, showing how a narrative knowledge of death and the tubercular body was elaborated. Furthermore, I show how documents used in the compilation of medical statistics on the cause of death were fundamentally narrative through their reliance on case narratives. It is demonstrated that Dickens uses a seldom noticed consumptive death and decline to offset his heroine's development in Bleak House, in ways similar to those developed in Jane Eyre. Similarly, it is shown that Mrs Gaskell's use of a consumptive alcoholic 'fallen woman' unsettles her account of her heroine in Mary Barton. George Eliot's 'Janet's Repentance' is analysed, showing how the psychological struggle between an orientation towards life or death is played out across both alcoholism and consumption. I also examine how consumption presents a narrative opportunity whereby plots involving setbacks in love are resolved through women's consumptive deaths in popular fiction by Rhoda Broughton,Ladv Georgiana Fullerton and others. Through an examination of the Journal of Emily Shore and accounts of other actual deaths, I illustrate how experiences and accounts of consumptive deaths were structured and rendered intelligible through reliance on beliefs encountered in both fiction and medicine. In conclusion, the thesis alerts readers to the presence of signifiers of consumption in Victorian texts, showing how various narrative strategies are integral to any understanding of representations of its dying victims
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Machado, Filho Oswaldo. "Ilegalismos e jogos de poder : (1840-1880)." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279940.
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Orientador: Paulo Celso MiceliTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Bramwell, William M. "Working class local communities in Birmingham, 1840 - 1880." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318313.
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Patrick, Andrew Parker. "INNER BLUEGRASS AGRICULTURE: AN AGROECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE, 1850-1880." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/3.
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This study examines agriculture in the Inner Bluegrass Region of Central Kentucky from 1850 to 1880. It utilizes an agroecological perspective, which interprets agriculture through the lens of ecology, to highlight the complex natural and cultural factors that combined to form one of the nation's most prosperous agricultural systems during the nineteenth century. Chapter One explores the agroecosytem Bluegrass farmers created and maintained, emphasizing dynamics in crop and livestock diversity and agricultural technology. Chapter Two examines the African-American labor force that played a key role in shaping the system, first as slaves and later as free men and women. Chapter Three addresses the cultural outlooks and institutions that influenced land use patterns, ranging from beliefs on proper methods of cultivation to voluntary organizations designed to facilitate market access. Through an examination of the various influences at work on the agricultural environment, the landscape emerges as a dynamic factor, rather than a passive backdrop, in Inner Bluegrass history.
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Morrison, John. "Rural nostalgia : painting in Scotland c.1860-1880." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6481.
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A work of "rural nostalgia" is a distorted image of a past, or passing rural existence produced in the period c.1860-1880. It is distorted in such a way as to heighten the emotional impact of the work and to emphasize the inherent moral message carried by the painting. This message is always the same. In precisely the same terms as contemporary commentators, the painters lauded those aspects of human existence thought to be essential for a humane civilised society and felt to be being destroyed by the urbanisation of man. Hence family life, the home and community life were praised. Along with individual human relationships, society's provision of both temporal and religious education were seen as vital. These linked factors, so prevalent in rural life. were thus also frequently portrayed, praised and give an implicitly rural setting. The ambivalent response to their industrial society of mid-Victorian Scots. themselves engaged in commerce and industry, found expression in the work of artists such as G.P. Chalmers and George Reid. In effect the collectors of rural nostalgia. convinced of the educative role of art, sought to promote a more responsible, caring, society through their purchasing and subsequent lending out of rural nostalgia paintings. The paintings themselves. though heavily imbued with the spirit of contemporary Calvinist Scotland, were philosophically influenced by John Ruskin and by French "Realist" writing and criticism. They were practically influenced by nineteenth century Dutch painting. The significance of the painters of rural nostalgia lies not in their formal innovations, though they were technically of considerable importance to the later "Glasgow School", it lies in the alternative view they afford of the motivations and concerns of the patrons and practitioners of painting in Scotland in the third quarter of the nineteenth century.
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Horstmann, Angelika. "Untersuchungen zur Brahms-Rezeption der Jahre 1860-1880 /." Hamburg : K.D. Wagner, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35037031n.
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Pratt-Smith, Stella. "Creative sparks : literary responses to electricity, 1830-1880." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:68d9c5fd-21ad-4ebb-8348-f0d4531be5bb.
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This thesis examines accounts of electricity in journalism, short stories, novels, poetry and instructional writings, composed between 1830 and 1880 by scientific investigators, popular practitioners and fiction authors. The writings are approached as diverse and often incongruous impressions of electricity, in which the use of figurative and narrative techniques brings into question distinctions between science and literature. It is proposed that the unusual combination of electricity’s historical characterisation as an elixir vitae, intense investigation by contemporary scientists, and close alliance with new technologies offered unique opportunities for imaginative speculation. The thesis contends that engaging with these conflicting characteristics created a synthesis of scientific, social and literary responses that defy epistemological and generic categorisation. Fictionality is approached in chapter two as a central feature of scientific conceptualisation, experiment and discovery, particularly in the work of Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell. In chapters three and four, the landscape of popular non-fiction books and periodicals is mapped, to show the ways in which the period’s publication contexts and forums, reading patterns, and use of literary practices contributed to wider engagement with ideas about electricity. Chapters five and six focus on fiction writings, identifying parallels and divergences between actual electrical science and its fictional portrayal. Short stories are shown to have emphasised associations between electricity, neurosis, deformity and the occult, complicating contemporary scientific optimism and presenting electricity as an alluring yet dangerous phenomenon, which disordered the natural world and man’s relationship with it. These characteristics are identified further in the metaphorical references of several canonical novelists, in the exploitation of electricity, elixirs and power depicted by William Harrison Ainsworth and Edward Bulwer-Lytton, and through a case study of the text and reception of a popular novel about electricity by Benjamin Lumley. The thesis contends that electricity’s anomalous and protean nature produced distinctively hybrid responses that enhance our understanding of contemporary popular writing, its contexts and how it was read.
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Arnot, Margaret L. "Gender in focus : infanticide in England 1840-1880." Thesis, University of Essex, 1994. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.679486.
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PORRES, SALAZAR HUGO. ""les "haciendas" de jalisco entre 1820 et 1880"." Montpellier 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON30027.
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Depuis le xvie siecle jusqu'au debut du xxe l'economie du mexique est fondamentalement agraire et l'agriculture est l'occupation principale de la majeure partie de la population, les haciendas etant les principales unites agraires de la campagne mexicaine les haciendas du jalisco se sont caracterisees comme etant des unites agraires impliquant des relations economiques complexes et sociales ou offrant les caracteres d'une economie d'autosuffisance pour ses factors de production en meme temps qu'une orientation envers le marche. Cette recherche sur les haciendas le jalisco est inscrite dans les etudes partant sur la terre et la societe et correspond a l'histoire agraire du jalisco au xixe siecle, entre 1820 et 1880From the sixteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth, mexican economy is basically agrarian and agriculture will be the main occupation of most of the population, the "haciendas" being the main agrarian unities in the mexican countryside. The "haciendas" in jalisco were characterized by being agrarian unities of complex economie relations where there were aspects of an economy supported by the self-sufficiency of its new materials and the orientation of its production towards market. The inquiry on "haciendas" in jalisco inscribes itself in studies about land and society and it concerns to jalisco agrarian history in the nineteen century, from 1820 to 1880
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Leicher, Anna. "Le château en Anjou entre 1840 et 1880." Lyon 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO20044.
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Sur environ mille deux cents chateaux dans le maine-et-loire, plus cinq cents ont connu un chantier de construction, de restauration, ou d'agrandissement au xixe siecle, dont une majorite entre 1840 et 1880. La recherche du confort conduit la moitie des chatelains a transformer leurs habitations. La nature de ces travaux depend en grande partie des moyens financiers des proprietaires avantages par la situation economique de l'anjou dont l'agriculture au milieu du xixe siecle est en plein essor. Le chateau retrouve ses fonctions usuelles et symboliques. Il se situe presque toujours au centre d'un vaste domaine agricole atteignant parfois 30 % de la surface des terres communales et procure du travail a une grande partie de la population locale ; les travaux du chateau sont une occasion de faire appel a des entreprises du voisinage. Le role economique du chateau se double d'un role social. Le chatelain veut prouver une origine a la fois geographique et aristocratique, a moins qu'issu de la bourgeoisie (qui possede la moitie des chateaux) il ne recherche un elitisme social que lui procure l'argent. Cette assise terrienne permet a ces notables de briguer des mandats electoraux qui renforcent leur pouvoir social. La theatralite obtenue par la mise en scene paysagere et monumentale participe a l'image d'un chateau au pouvoir fort. Entre 1840 et 1880 se remarque la plus grande diversite des decors choisis par le chatelain conseille par un architecte. Ce dernier guide le commanditaire dans ses choix, puis etablit des projets et des devis qui permettent au chatelain de se decider. Les influences stylistiques multiples revelent les aspirations du commanditaire concernant son habitation. Quatre cas de figures se presentent. Le premier, la reference uniquement stylistique, satisfait le gout esthetique du chatelain. Dans le second priment les references familiales ou le commanditaire affiche avant tout ses origines historiques. Le troisieme releve d'une demarche archeologique. Enfin le quatrieme cas regroupe les chateaux fonctionnalistes ou l'on fait la part belle a ce qui est utile pour l'habitation, l'exploitation du domaine, ou encore la presentation de collections.
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Triaire, Sylvie. "Une esthétique de la déliaison : Flaubert, 1870-1880." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081716.
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Au-dela de l'education sentimentale, tournant de l'oeuvre, flaubert radicalise une esthetique de la << deliaison >>, liberee des contraintes generiques, caracterisee par la mise en tension de la totalite et du fragment et le motif de la vocation, commun a la tentation de saint antoine, bouvard et pecuchet et trois contes. Les personnages, soumis a la crise de leur vocation, acedie ou melancolie, sont appeles a se relever de la ruine, en deliant leur etre pour l'accorder au mouvement du monde, danse des atomes et flux des formes, en abdiquant l'intelligible pour le sensible. La deliaison, au croisement du sublime et de la melancolie, manifeste l'impuissance de la pensee a representer la totalite, et sa confrontation avec l'epars. Les oeuvres du corpus fondent une esthetique de la deliaison, dans la mesure ou elles en proposent la releve par l'art. Derriere les vocations de saints, de copistes ou de la bienheureuse felicite se dessine celle de l'artiste : dissemine dans ses personnages, il accomplit avec eux le sacrifice et la traversee de la melancolie qui l'amenent a l'oeuvre, contemplant l'illimite des formes, copiant l'illimite des livres, assistant a la fondation de la croyance et du recit. Ces etats, extatiques ou heureux, le sont en raison de la resolution de l'aporie sublime et melancolique : les fragments inventent une unite, sans ordre ni perspective, selon une << harmonie du disparate >> revelee par l'orient. Les personnages, soumis a une compulsion accumulative, puis cherchant le sens dans le fragment qu'ils brisent dans l'espoir d'y trouver le chiffre du monde, ne se relevent finalement que dans la mise en circulation de ces fragments : ainsi se construit un simulacre de totalite, inachevee, illimitee, mouvante, proche du rythme du monde en sa danse d'atomes, dont la figure du monstre est exemplaire.
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Rylance, Richard William. "Psychological theory in cultural context, c.1850-1880." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34889.
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This thesis examines work by a number of psychological theorists in the mid-to-late nineteenth century. It is organised in four chapters. The first gives an overview of the main issues and arguments in psychology in the mid-century and a detailed account of Henry Holland, a writer representative of the middle ground of opinion. Subsequent chapters detail the development of psychological theory by three writers - Alexander Bain, Herbert Spencer and G. H. Lewes - who were at the forefront of new work. However the broad context of argument is not lost. All three were polymaths who saw themselves not just as theoretical innovators, but as public spokesmen for a new and challenging attitude to the understanding of nature, society and human consciousness. Their commitment to the scientific analysis of human development questioned prevailing conceptions of the spiritual life, and the political and cultural implications of the new theory (as well as the personal commitments and backgrounds of the writers) brought them into conflict with intellectuals who possessed more orthodox outlooks. The detailed examination of psychological theory is therefore integrated with discussion of cultural context. Arguments and polemics are followed through the periodical press and other publications, including some literary material, especially by George Eliot. The intention is to produce an integrated account of the development of a body of theory in a specific cultural context and to demonstrate its growth through both the 'internal' dynamics of the search for answers to the problems set, and the 'external' cultural and social circumstances of the period in which those answers were sought.
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Becker, Gertrude Harrington. "Patrick County, Virginia and the Civil War, 1860-1880." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03032009-040323/.
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Sarti, Susanna. "Giampietro Campana (1808-1880) : the man and his collection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390392.
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Conway, H. "The municipal park : design and development, circa 1840-1880." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/6252.
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The aim of this study is to identify the main factors contributing to the development of the municipal park in England, and to relate them to park design and use. Official recognition of the need for parks dated from 1833 and focussed on the needs of the working classes in the largest urban centres. An analysis of park development established the various forms of public park, the main modes of park acquisition and their geographical distribution. In the period between 1845 and 1860 parks were developed mainly in the industrial centres of the north-west. Subsequently, this broadened to include resorts and smaller towns. Manchester was the first of the industrial centres to establish municipal parks. Other important early parks were established in Birkenhead and London (Victoria Park). The processes whereby these parks were established, and their design and use, illustrated the preferences of those in authority and showed that parka were seen not only in physical terms but also in social and political terms. The ways in which the "problem" of working class recreation was identified affected parks. They provided an alternative to the public house, and had an educational role to play. The type of meeting permitted, the choice of sports, and of music, showed clearly that parks were seen as places where the classes could mix, but on middle and ruling class terms. After the passing of the Public Health Act 1875 a major acceleration in park development occurred. At the same time there was a growing awareness that the existing large parks did not solve the problem of access to open space for the densest urban areas. The 1880s saw the development of small recreation grounds in working class districts and the transformation of disused burial grounds into open space for recreation. This indicated that a major change in public opinion regarding the need for accessible open space had occurred. The municipal park provided enormous enjoyment, and it was brought into.. being by a variety of means in which municipal enterprise, politics and social conscience all played a part
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Bower, Jacqueline Mary. "Deal and the Deal boatmen, c.1840-c.1880." Thesis, University of Kent, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236039.
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Nugues-Bourchat, Alexandre Lequin Yves. "Représentations et pratiques d'une société urbaine Lyon, 1800-1880 /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2004. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/nugues-bourchat_a.
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Yagow, Carol C. "Solitude: identification of its furnishings from 1830 to 1880." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43576.
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Nugues-Bourchat, Alexandre. "Représentations et pratiques d'une société urbaine : Lyon, 1800-1880." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/nugues-bourchat_a.
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Cette étude s'attache aux formes populaires et bourgeoises d'organisation du social à l'œuvre dans le Lyon du XIXe siècle. Le peuple n'existe pas d'un point de vue sociologique mais prend corps au travers de comportements partagés. Les bourgeoisies existent également en tant que groupe réuni par des attitudes communes. Mais entre elles et lui existe un réel fossé des sensibilités ; de plus, le pouvoir que les premières incarnent tente d'imposer ses propres normes au second. Le projet normatif du pouvoir a pour ambition de quadriller la société pour mieux la contrôler vieille idée dont l'application n'a pu se faire qu'au XIXe siècle, notamment grâce à un système policier cohérent ; toutefois si un contrôle s'exerce, la surveillance totale reste une chimère. L'autorégulation populaire, quant à elle, induit l'existence de normes devant être suivies par tous ; leur respect est assuré par le voisinage qui arbitre les différends par sa présence et ses éventuelles réactions. Ces deux façons de gérer le social fonctionnent selon le même principe mais sont en décalage, car le seuil de tolérance du pouvoir est plus bas que celui du peuple d'où des incompréhensions, des oppositions, des tromperies mais aussi des accords et des modus vivendi. Au-delà de ces rapports de pouvoir, l'un des enseignements de cette thèse est que la société urbaine du XIXe siècle ne peut se résumer à un dépérissement de l'Ancien Régime ni se contenter d'être le prélude à la modernité du siècle suivant. Elle existe avec ses logiques propres, mais celles-ci semblent se déliter à partir des années 1880This study tries to understand the popular and bourgeois forms of social organization in the 19th century Lyon. The people don't exist in a sociological sense but take shape through shared behaviors. The "bourgeoisies" also exist as a group with common attitudes. But between them, there is a real gap of sensitivities; furthermore, the power represented by the "bourgeoisies" tries to impose its own norms. The power's normative project wants to cover the entire society in order to control it - old idea whose application could not be possible before the 19th century, in particular through lack of a good police system ; however, if a control is exerted, the total monitoring remains a chimera. Popular "self regulation", as for it, leads to the existence of norms which have to be followed by all ; their respect is ensured by the neighborhood which arbitrates disagreements by its presence and possible reactions. These two ways of managing the social operate in a same way but there is a gap between them, because the power's threshold of tolerance is lower than the people one hence disagreements, conflicts, deceits and also agreements and modus vivendi. Beyond all these relations of power, one of the lessons of this study is that the 19th century urban society cannot be come down to a falling of the "Ancien Régime" nor content itself to be the prelude to the modernity of the next century. This urban society has got its own logics which seem to disintegrate from the 1880's
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Brethomé, Jacques. "Les professeurs d'allemand des lycees en france 1850 1880." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT3020.
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On decrit d'abord les grandes etapes de l'evolution du cadre institutionnel de l'enseignement des langues viviantes au lycee (reformes de fortoul, duruy et simon), leurs consequences et leurs implications, en parallele avec l'evolution politique de la france a la meme epoque. On s'attache ensuite aux enseignants eux-memes : leur origine nationale et sociale, leurs motivations, leur adaptation, la facon dont ils ont ete percus. L'evolution de leur carriere, de leur situation materielle comme fonctionnaires et comme individus est ensuite abordee, en particulier en liaison avec les concours de recrutement. La partie suivante traite de leur image sociale et de leur vie privee, consideration professionnelle, rapports avec les institutions et les pouvoirs en place, participation a la vie politique. Une derniere partie est consacree a leur rayonnement et a leur activite : enseignement, manuels utilises, et a leur contribution a la vie intellectuelle de la iieme moitie du xixeme siecle. La periode etudiee voit la reconnaissance definitive des langues vivantes et des professeurs au sein de l'institution scolaire et porte en germe les evolutions ulterieures jusqu'a nos joursWe first give a description of the main stages in the development of the institutional framework of modern language teaching in the lycees (the reforms made by fortoul, duruy and simon),their consequences and their implications. This is studied in parallel with the political evolution of france during the same period. Then we study the teachers themselves : their national and social origins, their motivation, their adaptation, the way in which they were viewed. Then we move on to the course of their career, their material situation as civil servants of the french state and the teachers, themselves, as individuals, in particular with regard to the french competitive examinations. The following section deals with their social image and their private lives, the way they were considered from a professional point of view, their relations with the institutions and the political powers and their part in the political process. A final section is devoted to their cultural influence, and to their activities : teaching, textbooks used, and to their contribution to the intellectual life of the second half of the nineteenth century. The period covered saw the permanent recognition of modern languages and modern language teachers inside the school institution and this forms the roots of subsequent developments right up to the present time
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Santana, Jair Gomes de. "Embates da fé : católicos e protestantes no Recife, 1860-1880." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=145.
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O objetivo desta dissertação foi compreender os embates sociais entre católicos e protestantes nas décadas de 1860 e 1880, no Recife. Analisamos os discursos produzidos nos jornais da época, O Jornal do Recife e O Cathólico. Este estudo levou em consideração os acontecimentos sócio-econômicos, políticos e culturais do Brasil e do mundo na segunda metade do século XIX. Essas mudanças colocaram em cheque a prática religiosa da Igreja no Brasil, obrigando-a a transitar para um outro modelo: o ultramontano. A tentativa de enquadrar o catolicismo popular (uma seita católica) ao modelo ultramontano, não foi bem sucedida e levou uma parte dessas pessoas para o universo protestante. Em Pernambuco (1842), surgiu um protestantismo negro através do movimento do Divino Mestre, uma seita protestante. Esse movimento liderado por um negro, que alfabetizava os seus seguidores, e rejeitava as tradições católicas, trouxe pavor à elite política da província. O governo temia uma revolta semelhante aos malês da Bahia ou uma revolução como a do Haiti. O protestantismo missionário não ameaçava as bases econômico-sociais da província, por isso foi bem recebido, pelos maçons e pelos liberais. Mas a atividade missionária protestante se desenvolveu entre mestiços, mulatos e negros.
Os embates da fé estudados aqui ocorreram na mídia, através dos jornais. Os protestantes aproveitaram as polêmicas nos jornais, como estratégia para ocupar espaços institucionais aos quais não tinham acesso. Dessa forma, conseguiram o apoio daqueles que se opunham a Igreja, aproveitando o clima proporcionado pela questão religiosa no ImpérioThis work aimed to understand the social problems involving Catholicism and Protestantism, during the 1860s and 1880s, in Recife. Weve observed all the speeches presented in newspapers by that time,specially in Jornal do Recife and O Cathólico. This study considered the social, economical, political and cultural events in Brazil and in around the world, in the second half of the 19 th century. These changes made the religious practice become weak in Brazil, forcing it to change its model to the ultramontane. The attempt to make the popular Catholicism become an ultramontane model didnt succeed and most people were taken to the Protestant universe. In Pernambuco (1842) a Negro Protestantism rose because of a Protestant group called Divino Mestre. That movement had a negro as their leader, and he taught his followers how to read also rejected the Catholic tradition. All the local Protestantism feared him. The government was afraid of a rebellion similar to the Malês in Bahia or another like the one in Haiti. The missionary Protestantism didnt threaten the local economy and the social bases, so it was welcomed by the masons and liberals. However, the Protestant missionarys activity developed among, half-blood people and Negroes. All the incidents involving faith, which were studied here, were in the media, in newspapers. Protestants used the polemic presented by newspapers as strategies to occupy institutional spaces to which they didnt have access before. This way, they got the support of those who were against the Church and took advantage of the situation provided by the Religious matter in the Empire
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Diaper, Hilary. "The English reaction to modern French painting circa 1850-1880." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238657.
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Filippoupoliti, Anastasia. "Objects of culture : collections of science and technology, 1800-1880." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430241.
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Coninck, Pieter de. "Een les uit Pruisen : Nederland en de Kulturkampf, 1870-1880 /." [S.l. : s.n], 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401649261.
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Peller-Semmens, Carin. "Unreconstructed : slavery and emancipation on Louisiana's Red River, 1820-1880." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61110/.
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Louisiana's Red River region was shaped by and founded on the logic of racial power, the economics of slavery, and white supremacy. The alluvial soil provided wealth for the mobile, market-driven slaveholders but created a cold, brutal world for the commoditized slaves that cleared the land and cultivated cotton. Racial bondage defined the region, and slaveholders' commitment to mastery and Confederate doctrine continued after the Civil War. This work argues that when freedom arrived, this unbroken fidelity to mastery and to the inheritances and ideology of slavery gave rise to a visceral regime of violence. Continuity, not change, characterized the region. The Red River played a significant role in regional settlement and protecting this distorted racial dynamic. Racial bondage grounded the region's economy and formed the heart of white identity and black exploitation. Here, the long arcs of mastery, racial conditioning, and ideological continuities were deeply entrenched even as the nation underwent profound changes from 1820 to 1880. In this thesis, the election of 1860, the Civil War, and emancipation are not viewed as fundamental breaks or compartmentalized epochs in southern history. By contrast, on plantations along the Red River, both racial mastery and power endured after emancipation. Based on extensive archival research, this thesis considers how politics, racial ideologies, and environmental and financial drivers impacted the nature of slavery, Confederate commitment, and the parameters of freedom in this region, and by extension, the nation. Widespread Reconstruction violence climaxed with the Colfax Massacre and firmly cemented white power, vigilantism, and racial dominance within the regional culture. Freedpeople were relegated to the margins as whites reasserted their control over Reconstruction. The violent and contested nature of freedom highlighted the adherence to the power structure and ideological inheritances of slavery. From bondage to freedom, the Red River region remained unreconstructed.
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Boman, Charlotte. "Domestic iconography : a cultural study of Victorian photography, 1840-1880." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/101290/.
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This critical study of photography between 1840 and 1880 focuses on the medium’s complex role as a mediator of the ideology of domesticity in an era of intense industrialisation and far-reaching popularisation. In doing so, photographic production and consumption are located within the wide, hybrid framework of print and commodity culture, with particular emphasis placed on the patterns of communication emerging through the new network of family periodicals. This methodological approach serves in part to overcome the considerable difficulties of bringing amorphous voices vying for discursive control over photography into focus. More importantly, however, it is proposed that this journalistic field testifies to the conflicting appeal photography held for a domestic readership, and the intricacy of combining a family orientated agenda with the challenges presented by a modernising world. The turn towards a more divisive perspective on photography in the mid-1850s is fundamentally bound up with extraneous conditions, circumstances which shaped patterns of discourse, professional practices and ordinary usage: urbanisation, an enlarging consumer market, social and demographic change and evolving anxieties around identity, gender and domesticity in light of all these permutations. As indicated by articles, published correspondence, advertisements and publicity, photography responded to conflicting desires and impulses present in culture and society at large. Liminal by nature, the medium figures as a powerful symbol of domestic boundness but also as the embodiment of a swelling engagement with the metropolis, a site of hazard and iniquity, but also an advancing arena for bourgeois social performance and play. Thus, this study, like the Victorian photographer, traces the ideological construction of the Victorian family through multiple lenses - comic, architectural, artistic, familial, institutional, topographical and social.
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Henry, Jean. "Les notables des Vosges (1860-1880) : histoire sociale et politique." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN21007.
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Après 1860, le département des Vosges possède une élite dirigeante qui se situe dans le prolongement de la classe des censitaires : effectif limité, hautes fortunes peu nombreuses et en essor, mais loin des très hauts niveaux nationaux. Deux groupes dominent : les industriels, les plus riches, sortent confortés par l'installation des cotonniers alsaciens après 1871. Les professions libérales, moins opulentes, s'imposent au conseil général ; trois avocats, liés aux milieux politiques de Paris, sont des notabilités nationales (Louis Buffet, Jules Ferry, Jules Méline). Pas de très grands propriétaires terriens ici, mais quelques grands et moyens propriétaires ruraux ou forestiers dont l'influence sur leur canton se dégrade. Les notables conservateurs, menés par Buffet, gagnent deux des trois mandats de députes à la fin de l'empire, trois des huit pour l'assemblée nationale, mais sont éliminés en 1876 et 1877 : ils ne gardent que quelques rares bastions cantonaux; symbole de leur déclin, Louis Buffet abandonne la scène politique vosgienne. Principales cibles des attaques de la part des préfets de l'empire, les notables républicains renforcent leur unité au sein des loges, surtout dans le massif, qui s'affirme le plus anti plébiscitaire. Après 1871, sous l'impulsion de Jules Ferry, ils ne cessent d'accroitre les influence sur les cotonniers, les agriculteurs, les citadins. Un véritable système Ferry prévaut sur le département après 1877From 1860, the Vosges department has its ruling classes, an outcome of enlargement of eligible voters. They are limited in number, few and far less than the national average are very wealthy, even though their number is growing. There are two dominant groups: the manufactures who are the richest especially after the establishment of the cotton factories in Alsace from 1871 the professions, less well off, abstain a majority on the "conseil general"; three lawyers connected to political circles in Paris are nationally known notables (Louis Buffet, Jules Ferry, Jules Méline). There are not any large estate-owners, just a few big and medium land-owners or foresters whose influence on their district is diminishing. The conservative notables led by buffet, are elected as deputies for three mandates after the fall of the empire, three out of eight to the "assemblée nationale", they are defeated in 1876 and 1877: from then on they only keep a few local strongholds. Symbolic of their decline, Louis Buffet leaves the local political scene in the Vosges. The principal targets of criticism from the empire's prefects the republican notables’ strengthen their unity with the free masons especially in the mountains which are the most anti-plebiscite area. After 1871, under the leadership of Jules Ferry their influence grows continuously over the cotton manufacturers, the farmers and the town dwellers. The Ferry "system" rules over the department from 1877 on
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Delumeau, Isabelle. "La carte nautique et ses usages (vers 1830 - vers 1880)." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0124/document.
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L'hydrographie française au XIXè siècle est mal connue pourtant c'est sans doute la période pendant laquelle elle a connu son plus fort développement portée par l'élan de la conquête coloniale.La collecte des données géographiques, la rédaction des cartes ainsi que I'approvisionnement des flottes de guerre et de commerce sont de la responsabilité du Dépôt des cartes et plans de la marine et des ingénieurs hydrographes qui forment un corps spécifique. Sur les terrains les officiers de marine reçoivent la mission de réaliser des levés et de collecter la moindre donnée qui pourrait servir à faire progresser le savoir géographique. Ils sont les indispensables auxiliaires des ingénieurs trop peu nombreux pour suffire à la tâche. Passée l'époque des grands voyages scientifiques (1790-1840), qui a permis de rénover la connaissance géographique du Pacifique et de ses rives, le rythme faiblit. En effet, la France, à la différence de la Grande-Bretagne et en raison de la modicité relative des crédits alloués à I'hydrographie, n'organise que très peu de campagnes exclusivement hydrographiques.Cependant, l'hydrographie française peine à trouver sa place sur le marché mondialisé de la carte nautique, dominé par la production britannique largement exploitée et copiée par les cartographes privés.La seconde partie de ce travail a pour objectif d'analyser les usages des cartes premièrement à travers l'étude du marché et des attentes des marins eux-mêmes. Enfin, nous nous sommes intéressés aux expériences quotidiennes de la navigation pour saisir la place que prend la carte dans la pratique des marinsFrench hydrography during the XIXth Century had remained largely unexplored although this period had been extremely fecund. The « Dépôt des cartes et plans » is responsible for collecting geographical data producing nautical charts and providing the fleet and merchant seamen with nautical publications.Surveys were conducted by engineers and also by navy officers. However, after the era of the scientific expeditions (1790-1840) the production dropped. Actually, the French Navy never managed to wage exclusive hydrographic campaigns such as the British Navy did at the same time.Moreover, French charts struggled to find their place in a market dominated by the British production.In the second part of this thesis we addressed the question of the uses of nautical charts, first through the analysis of the market and expectations of seamen. Secondly we tried to enlighten the usual practices of sailors
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Andrews, Elizabeth Helen. "Speaking in silence : female agency in sensation fiction, 1850-1880." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7038.
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My research examines female agency in sensation fiction written from 185081880. I draw upon novels that, despite their popularity at the time of publication, are under8utilised in literary critical theory today. The relative voicelessness of female characters in sensation novels illustrates the inefficacy of the legal and educational systems for women. This speechlessness contrasts sharply with the agency these same female characters often demonstrate. In the given socio-historical context, it is necessary for the authors to justify this agency. This is variously done, in some cases by ascribing the force of that agency to religious conviction, or confrontation with pressing social issues, and in others by ultimately, and in an unlikely manner, bending it to the demands of a neat and socially acceptable plot. By reintroducing critical evaluation of lesser-known sensation novels, my research explores connections between accessible popular literature, featuring powerful transgressive female characters, and the ‘Woman Question', thereby addressing aspects of women's legal, marital, and material disempowerment. In Chapter One, I argue that British sensation novels like Marryat's Love's Conflict(1865) and Braddon's Aurora Floyd (1863) build upon problematic tensions inherent between women's private and public lives, transmuting Flaubert's examination of excessive sensation and culpability in Madame Bovary (1856) into plot-driven narratives hinging upon women with secret knowledge. In Chapter Two, I examine the disjunction between serenely domestic plot outcomes and social anxiety using Wood's Danesbury House (1861) and Collins's The Law and the Lady (1875). In Chapter Three, I draw upon Younge's Heir of Redclyffe (1853), MacDonald's David Elginbrod (1863), and Alcott's Pauline's Passion and Punishment (1863) as examples of popular religious sensation. In Chapter Four, I return to 1856, the year Flaubert's Madame Bovary was published to discuss how the secret knowledge that propels the plots of Reade's Never Too Late to Mend (1856) and Skene's Hidden Depths (1866) underscores the role of Victorian sensation fiction as a means of social activism. Finally, the thesis conclusion traces connections between concern over gender, secrets, and identity in these novels, attempting a new constructive portrayal of feminine identity by addressing contemporary anxiety about women's roles.
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Yeats, George Mattheson. "Living Hamlets : the literary afterlives of Shakespeare's play, 1830-1880." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252118.
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Martins, Hévila de Lima. "Lazareto de Jacarecanga e da Lagoa Funda: varíola, poder e assistência na cidade de Fortaleza (1820-1880)." www.teses.ufc.br, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/7095.
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MARTINS, Hévila de Lima. Lazareto de Jacarecanga e da Lagoa Funda: varíola, poder e assistência na cidade de Fortaleza (1820-1880). 2013. 171f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em História, Fortaleza (CE), 2013Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-01-09T14:33:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013-DIS-HLMARTINS.pdf: 1251825 bytes, checksum: adda7fa65edbc4ab50e8364b785bbb97 (MD5)
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We aim in this dissertation to analyze the constitution, the structure, the operation, the purpose and the implications of the social urban environment expressed in Jacarecanga and Lagoa Funda’s lazarettos, in the nineteenth century, in Fortaleza city. Our purpose consists of developing a study focused on the lazarettos as a place of isolation for individuals affected by smallpox. In this sense we also discuss the practice and the interventions done to stop the smallpox dissemination within the urban environment. We aim to understand how relationship, discourse and practice were established in relation to the people infected by smallpox and to their isolation within the lazarettos as a preventive measure. Understanding the experience with smallpox in the city, represented by the existence of lazareto, implies in investigate the issues associated to urban life in Fortaleza, to its residents, to healing practices and to the everyday life.
Objetiva-se nessa dissertação desenvolver uma análise relativa a constituição, estrutura, finalidade e implicações no meio social e urbano dos lazaretos da Jacarecanga e da Lagoa Funda, na cidade de Fortaleza, no século XIX. Nesse sentido, é desenvolvido um estudo voltado ao funcionamento dos lazaretos como espaço de isolamento destinado a indivíduos acometidos de varíola. Diante dessa perspectiva, são debatidas práticas e intervenções voltadas a conter a disseminação da varíola no meio urbano. Visando, assim, entender o modo como se estabeleciam as relações, os discursos e as práticas em relação aos variolosos e os motivos de seus isolamentos nos lazaretos como medida preventiva cautelar. Por fim, busca-se compreender a experiência com a varíola em Fortaleza, vivenciada nesses ambientes públicos, investigando questões associadas a vida urbana, ao cotidiano e às práticas de cura na Cidade.
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Jordan, D. W. "Authority, mediation, and response case studies in electrotechnical theory 1880 - 1890." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315221.
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Acosta, Bianca Ramires. "O Maruí: presença literária na imprensa do século XIX (1880 – 1882)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2007. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2546.
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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Instituto de Letras e Artes, 2007.Submitted by Cristiane Silva (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2012-09-17T15:04:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 biancaacosta.pdf: 3263415 bytes, checksum: 3113c80a11c1df85cea4ec337c1d77e0 (MD5)
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A proposta dessa dissertação é a de verificar a atividade literária presente na imprensa do século XIX. Para tanto, como corpus, foi escolhido o jornal caricato rio-grandino Maruí (1880 – 1882) que realizou articulações entre literatura e imprensa, sobretudo através da poesia e da prosa. Nesse contexto o jornal optou por desenvolver uma linguagem de conteúdo contundente e moralizador, configurando assim a crítica de costumes. As mesmas giram em torno da vida política e social, discutindo os hábitos e preceitos morais, críticas essas que ganhavam ainda mais relevância com desenhos mordazes e incisivos. Objetiva-se resgatar textos publicados pelo periódico como forma de garantir o acesso dos mesmos ao estudo de pesquisadores interessados, uma vez que essas fontes primárias encontram-se praticamente inacessíveis ao público em geral. Nessa perspectiva, o foco dessa dissertação é a análise do produto literário veiculado no Maruí, observando e analisando como literatura e imprensa articulavam-se e expressavam a crítica de costumes através de textos satíricos e carregados de ironia, tema escolhido para esse estudo, levando em consideração o contexto histórico-literário em que o jornal estava inserido. Para se proceder a análise foi necessário realizar uma antologia que expressasse o tema escolhido a fim de se indexar o material de maior relevância. Muito embora os índices abordem todo o conteúdo do periódico, a transcrição do corpus para a pesquisa se deteve nas matérias literárias com cunho crítico e/ou humorístico.
The proposal of this dissertation is to verify the literary activity in the 19th century press. For this, it was chosen, as the corpus, the caricatural rio-grandino newspaper Maruí (1880-1882), which articulated literature and press, especially through poetry and prose. In this context, the newspaper chose to use an impacting and moralizing language, characterizing, the criticism of customs. The newspaper material also deals with the political and social life, discussing the habits and moral precepts, such criticism used to achieve much more significance with sarcastic and incisive drawings. The aims is to restore the newspaper published texts as a way of ensuring their access of the texts to researchers interested in studying them, considering that these primary sources are virtually inaccessible to the general public. From this perspective, the focus of this dissertation is the analysis of the literary product in Maruí, observing and analyzing how literature and press were articulated and used to express the criticism of customs through satirical and ironic, theme which was chosen for this study, taking into consideration the historical and literary context in which the newspaper was inserted. To carry the analysis on it was necessary to conduct an anthology that expressed the theme chosen in order to index the material of greater relevance. Although the indexes address the entire contents of the newspaper, the transcription of the corpus of the research focused on the literary field containing critic and/or humor.
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Guedes, Geza Lisiane Carús. "Criminalidade feminina: mulheres negras e os homicídios em Pelotas (1880-1890)." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3385.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar a criminalidade feminina a partir dos homicídios ocorridos na cidade de Pelotas, entre os anos de 1880 a 1890. Utilizando a metodologia da micro-história, foram pesquisados os processos criminais e as notícias relacionadas aos crimes. A análise percorre os caminhos das mulheres negras que figuraram como rés em ações judiciais, seus laços familiares e de parentesco, suas ocupações e trabalhos. Procura explicar como o Direito tratou de maneira diversa as mulheres no que tange às normativas, bem como, os argumentos generificados utilizados pela Justiça na elaboração das sentenças. A abordagem considerou o momento histórico de transição do Império para a República.
This essay aims to analyze female criminality from homicides occurred in the city of Pelotas between the years of 1880 and 1890. Using micro-history’s methodology, criminal processes and news related to the crimes were researched. The analyze follows black women who were defendants in lawsuits, their family bonds and kindred, their occupations and jobs. It aims to explain how Law treated women in many different ways, according to the normative statements, as well, as the gendered arguments used by Justice to elaborate sentences. The historic moment of Empire to Republic transition was considered by this essay’s approach.
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Locher, Fabien. ""Le nombre et le temps : la météorologie en France (1830-1880)"." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0025.
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Ce travail de thèse utilise les approches de l'histoire sociale et culuturelle des sciences pour analyser le développement des pratiques et des discours de la météorologie scientifique, en France, de 1830 à 1880. Nous montrons que cette période voit l'émergence d'un nouveau régime de pratiques scientifiques, donnant à la météorologie son identité contemporaine. Un des aspects essentiels étudiés ici sera alors la mise en place, au cours des années 1860, de systèmes technico-scientifiques de prévision du Temps. Mais il s'agit également d'utiliser le cas de la météorologie pour saisir certaines des caractéristiques génériques du "faire science" au XIXème siècle, autour des problématiques touchant à l'observation, à l'usage des nombres, au rôle de l'Opinion publique, et à l'action. Nous montrerons alors que l'acte de "faire science" s'exprime désormais en relation avec l'essor d'une nouvelle Société, industrielle et médiatiqueThis thesis uses the approaches of the social and cultural history of sciences to analyse the development of the scientific meteorology, in France, from 1830 to 1880. We show that this period sees the emergence of a new regime of scientific practices, giving to meteorology its contemporary identity. One of the essential aspects studied here is the development of forecasting systems, during the 1860's. We use also the case of meteorology to seize some of the generic characteritics of the Science in the 19th century. These characteristics are concerning the observation, the use of numbers, the role of the Public opinion, and the notion of "practical science". Then, we show that these characteristics express themselves in relation with the rise of industry and mass medias
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Baugé, Isabelle. "Pantomime, littérature et arts visuels : crise de la représentation, 1820-1880." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030121.
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Alors que le mime deburau triomphe au theatre des funambules, entre 1820 et 1846, et consacre l'art de la pantomime blanche dont il definit les regles, les grands ecrivains du milieu du xixeme siecle en france se posent la question du rapport entre le langage et le visuel. Le personnage lunaire de pierrot, heros de deburau et de ses successeurs jusqu'en 1880 environ, sera la pierre d'achoppement d'une reflexion theorique sur la mimesis et les possibilites offertes par un art du silence longtemps meprise et remis au gout du jour, a tel point que nodier, champfleury, gautier, flaubert, entre autres, composeront eux-memes des scenarios de pantomimes. Une esthetique de l'ecriture pantomimique se dessine, alors que certains de ses elements caracteristiques (figures de la commedia dell'arte, jeux de scenes bouffons, farces comiques) contaminent le domaine litteraire et apparaissent dans nombre de romans, poemes et pieces de theatre. La pantomime, envisagee a partir de ses rappors avec l'ecrit, mais aussi avec la photographie, la danse, la sculpture et la bandedessinee, permet d'eclairer le debat sur une nouvelle complementarite entre parole et imageFrom 1820 to 1846, deburau is very well-known as a mime in the funambules theater and he defines the rules of his art, the "white pantomime". During that time the most famous authors of the mid 19th century interrogate themselves on the relations between language and visual arts. Pierrot, deburau's hero, is the center of a reflexion about the mimesis. The possibilities given by an silent art have been despised during a long time and become fashionable with champfleury, nodier, gautier, flaubert, who start to write some stories for deburau's pantomimes. A "pantomimic writing" begins to emerge with its own rules and some of its caracteristics (the italian characters of commedia dell'arte and the comic scenic plays) begin to appear in the novels, poems and theater plays, until 1880. Pantomime, in its relations with written language, photography, dance, sculpture and cartoon, is a way to study the new complementarity between language and visual arts
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Schöberlein, Stefan. "Cerebral imaginaries: brains and literature in the transatlantic sphere, 1800-1880." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6497.
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“Cerebral Imaginaries” examines the intersections between anatomically justified theories of brain function and the literature of Great Britain and the United States from the 1800s to the 1880s. The years that followed the heyday of philosophical mind materialism (in the late 1700s) but preceded the dawn of modern psychology (around 1880), saw the appearance of neuroscience as a discipline. This dissertation traces the literary impact and cultural constructedness of new theories of mindedness and human cognition that came in its wake. What anatomists, alienists, and amateur scientists hypothesized about the brain in these years served to unsettle many assumptions about the thinking self that underpinned Anglo-American culture: be it the idea of having a single, coherent mind, or notions of free will and rationality. In tandem with early neurologists, contemporary writers interrogated what having (or perhaps: being) a brain really entailed, leading to a highly creative cross-insemination between science and literature. From the British Romantics to the American Gothic and from early Realism to technophile periodical fiction, this dissertation demonstrates that literature not only reacted to the science of its day, but, in turn, directly influenced it by providing structuring metaphors, cognitive frameworks, and epistemologies.
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McClean, Rosalind Ruth. "Scottish emigrants to New Zealand, 1840-1880 : motives, means and background." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17554.
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The period 1840 to 1880 is important for the demographic history of both Scotland and New Zealand. During the second half of the nineteenth century Scotland had the second or third highest rate in Europe of emigration to destinations overseas. New Zealand became a British territory in 1840 and in the four following decades immigration, not natural increase, was the main source of New Zealand's population growth. Most of the immigrants who entered New Zealand during these years were born in the UK, and of these about one quarter were Scots. Between 1853 (when estimates can first be made) and 1880 Scottish emigrants who went to New Zealand account for 12 per cent of the gross total of Scots emigrating overseas. This was a significant minority of all Scots who left the land of their birth in this period, and for a time emigration to New Zealand was a highly visible movement which captured the popular imagination in Scotland. The thesis asks 'who' were the emigrants who left Scotland for New Zealand, 'why' did they travel 15 000 miles to Britain's farthest colony when other 'established' destinations were closer and cheaper to reach, and 'how' were they enabled to go. As a preliminary to answering these questions, the geographic and social background of the emigrants is explored. The thesis takes a 'longitudinal' approach: nominal data derived from New Zealand ships' lists are traced back to a variety of Scottish sources including vital registers and unpublished records of the census enumerators. Wherever possible the thesis compares these data with similar evidence from other studies and finds that emigration from Scotland to New Zealand was not aberrant from the general experience of Scottish emigration, although Scots who went to New Zealand had a number of distinctive characteristics which set them apart from, say, Scottish emigrants who went to the USA or to Canada. The thesis finds that these characteristics were not the resultant of selective criteria such as the regulations which governed eligibility for an assisted passage on an emigrant ship. However, Scots who went to New Zealand took advantage of cost-cutting facilities whenever they could. This thesis aims to provide a quantitative contribution to both Scottish and New Zealand history. In addition, the thesis treats this particular exodus of people as a case-study to explore a number of themes current in the literature of nineteenth century European emigration. These themes include: the relationship between emigration and the social and economic origins of the emigrants; the relationship between emigration and internal mobility; the role of interventionist forces, such as recruiting agencies, in effecting the process of emigration; and the extent to which emigration can be explained by the self-generating effect of emigration 'chains'. The thesis contributes new data and ideas with relevance to each of these themes. Patterns of emigration from Scotland, and indeed from all of Britain, are found to diverge significantly from common trends detected in the emigration flow from other European countries.
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Michaux, Marianne. "Entre politique et littérature: les écrivains belges du réel (1850-1880)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212119.
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Bracken, Patrick. "The growth and development of sport in Co. Tipperary, 1840-1880." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10857.
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The growth and development of sport in Co. Tipperary, 1840 to 1880, was promoted and supported by the landed elite and military officer classes. In the instances of cricket, rugby union and association football, the military were the principle agency through which these sports were disseminated among the people of Tipperary. Sporting trends which were fashionable in Great Britain also became evident in Ireland, and by extension, Tipperary. The thesis demonstrates the emergence of these sports at a micro-level in Tipperary and the qualitative research is indicative of the trends by which they became apparent. The degree to which horse racing and hunting to hounds became an integral aspect of the social lives of the elite class is reflected countywide. The associational culture among this class became evident in summer time recreations most notably archery, lawn tennis and cricket. Cricket was the one sport which was quickly diffused throughout the sporting community of Tipperary as it became, in the 1870s, the most prolific team sport in the county and played by all classes. Sport took place without borders and to this end patronage was a key element of this support. There were some notable supporters who gave of their time and money to ensure that the best resources were in place to bring this about. In this respect the 3rd Marquis of Waterford was a leading figure. The thesis clearly shows that sporting diversions continued through the traumatic famine period. As everyday life continued, so too did recreational sport. Hurling remained a part of Tipperary life and the research identifies new sources to demonstrate this. The growth and evolution of sport in Co. Tipperary, 1840-1880, is put into context with comparable studies in Ireland and Great Britain as the Victorian penchant for sport manifested itself in this part of rural Ireland.
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Hum, Pierre Gandt François de. "L'Oubli, 1880-1900." Lille : A.N.R.T, 2007. http://documents.univ-lille3.fr/files/pub/www/recherche/theses/HUM_Pierre.pdf.
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Lewis, Amanda G. Ms. "Remaking of Race and Labor in British Guiana and Louisiana: 1830-1880." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/49.
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During the nineteenth century, the Gulf of Mexico fostered the movement of people, ideas, and news throughout the surrounding regions. Although each colony and state surrounding the basin had distinct cultures and traditions, they shared the legacy of slavery and emancipation. This study examines the transformation of labor that occurred for sugar planters in British Guiana and southern Louisiana during the age of emancipation. In this comparative project, I argue that in the 1830s planters from the British West Indies set the trajectory for solutions to the labor problem by curtailing the freedom of former slaves with Asian contract labor. Those in the sugar parishes of southern Louisiana followed this same framework in the 1860s yet it led to different outcomes. The nature of the circum-Caribbean provided opportunities for planters throughout the Gulf to observe the Asian indentured system and use a form of it in their distinct societies.
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Hadamer, Armin. "Mimetischer Zauber die englischsprachige Rezeption deutscher Lieder in den USA, 1830-1880 /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2436.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Germanic Language and Literature. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Hadamer, Armin Werner. "Mimetischer Zauber die englischsprachige Rezeption deutscher Lieder in den USA 1830 - 1880." Münster New York, NY München Berlin Waxmann, 2005. http://d-nb.info/987760181/04.
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