Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tobacco Association of Malawi

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Tobacco Association of Malawi'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Tobacco Association of Malawi"

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Kaimila, Bongani, Gift Mulima, Chifundo Kajombo, et al. "Tobacco and other risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Lilongwe Malawi: Results from the Lilongwe esophageal cancer case: Control study." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 6 (2022): e0000135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000135.

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Objective Esophageal cancer is the second commonest cancer in Malawi, and 95% of all cases are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Very little is known about the epidemiology of ESCC in Malawi including risk factors. The main objective of the study was to evaluate and describe risk factors of ESCC in Malawi. Methods We conducted a case-control study from 2017 to 2020 at two hospitals in Lilongwe, Malawi and consenting adults were eligible for inclusion. Endoscopy was conducted on all cases and biopsies were obtained for histological confirmation. Controls were selected from patients or
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Yaya, Sanni, Ghose Bishwajit, Vaibhav Shah, and Michael Ekholuenetale. "Socioeconomic Disparities in Smoking Behavior and Early Smoking Initiation Among Men in Malawi." Tobacco Use Insights 10 (January 1, 2017): 1179173X1772629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179173x17726297.

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Background: Tobacco smoking is a growing concern for health care systems as it is projected to become the leading cause of death in the developing world. Knowledge of how smoking behavior differs across socioeconomic groups is crucial for designing effective preventive policies and alleviating the disparities. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of (1) smoking status, (2) early smoking initiation, and (3) association with socioeconomic status (SES) of the 2 among Malawian men. Methods: Cross-sectional data on 1693 men aged between 15 and 49 years were collected from the latest 2
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Uduh, Emmanuel, Yukiko Yano, Yingxi Chen, Christian Abnet, Bongani Kaimila, and Shiraz Khan. "Abstract 6190: Descriptive analysis of selenium levels in a healthy Malawian subpopulation: Findings from a control study on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)." Cancer Research 85, no. 8_Supplement_1 (2025): 6190. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-6190.

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Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the third most common cancer in Malawi, with an estimated 1,871 new cases and 1,766 deaths in 2024 in Malawi. Although drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco are major causes of ESCC in some populations, the high rates in Malawi are unlikely to be due to these agents. Several East African countries have high incidence rates of ESCC and low soil selenium concentrations. Observational and intervention studies in East Asia have shown that low selenium concentrations are linked to an increased risk of ESCC. Methods: We used control subjects fr
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Traore, Kadiatou, Yingxi Chen, Yukiko Yano, et al. "Abstract 6221: Gastric atrophy is associated with increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Lilongwe, Malawi." Cancer Research 85, no. 8_Supplement_1 (2025): 6221. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2025-6221.

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Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is the 7th leading cause of cancer worldwide, with nearly 500,000 annual deaths. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most prevalent subtype, has high incidence in East Asia, South and East Africa. Malawi has the highest EC incidence rate, almost exclusively ESCC, with risk factors including tobacco use, hot beverages, fuel source, moldy grain consumption, geophagia, poor oral health, and possibly HIV. H. pylori’s role in ESCC is unclear, with adverse, null, and protective effects across different populations. Gastric atrophy, a potential result of
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Lencucha, Raphael, Takondwa Moyo, Ronald Labonte, Jeffrey Drope, Adriana Appau, and Donald Makoka. "Shifting from tobacco growing to alternatives in Malawi? A qualitative analysis of policy and perspectives." Health Policy and Planning 35, no. 7 (2020): 810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa057.

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Abstract Tobacco is the primary export commodity in Malawi and an important contributor to foreign earnings. The entrenchment of tobacco interests within government has partly explained why Malawi has lagged in its efforts to address the health consequences of tobacco and has been a vocal opponent of global tobacco control. Despite the extensive historical and entrenched relationship between the economy of Malawi and tobacco production, there have been important shifts at the highest policy levels towards the need to explore diversification in the agricultural sector. There is explicit recogni
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SAMIKWA, D., B. BRORSEN, and L. SANDERS. "Hedonic prices of malawi burley tobacco." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 1, no. 1 (1998): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1096-7508(99)80031-7.

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Wineman, Ayala, Lemekezani Chilora, and Thomas S. Jayne. "Trends in Tobacco Production and Prices in Malawi." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 24, no. 2 (2021): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab197.

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Abstract Introduction Diversification away from tobacco production has been identified as a priority for Malawi, historically one of the world’s most tobacco-reliant countries. Methods This paper refers to a nationally representative data set to characterize broad trends in production since 2000 to understand whether Malawi is shifting away from tobacco and how production has changed over time. Results From 2004 to 2019, the share of Malawian crop farmers producing tobacco fell from 16% to 5%, and tobacco’s share of the total value of crop production also declined sharply. Tobacco farms are ge
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Sowoya, Linda, Chifundo Akamwaza, Austin Mathews Matola, and Axel Klein. "Goodbye Nicky hello Goldie – exploring the opportunities for transitioning tobacco farmers into cannabis production in Malawi." Drugs and Alcohol Today 20, no. 3 (2020): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-04-2020-0021.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the opportunities for tobacco farmers in Malawi from diversifying to cannabis, and the potential benefits for reducing deforestation by producing a cannabis based alternative fuel. It further argues that there are tensions between the conflicting objectives of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. Design/methodology/approach Field interviews were conducted with cannabis farmers, traders and sellers in different parts of Malawi. Findings The findings of this study show that there are opportunit
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Msango, K. R., and L. L. Longwe. "EFFICACY OF LONG-LASTING INSECTICIDAL NET (LLIN) IN CONTROLLING TOBACCO BEETLE (LASIODERMA SERRICORNE) IN MALAWI." Tobacco Science 50, no. 50 (2013): 31–33. https://doi.org/10.3381/13-031.1.

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The tobacco beetle, Lasioderma serricorne, is a serious insect pest of cured tobacco in Malawi. Fumigation with phosphine is the most common method of control for infested tobacco; however, fumigation has no residual effect and repeated fumigation is required in circumstances where reinfestation easily occurs. Refumigation of tobacco is costly and increases the chances of beetle resistance to phosphine. Experiments were conducted in tobacco warehouses in Lilongwe, Malawi to assess the efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) combined with phosphine fumigation against the tobacco beetle
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Appau, Adriana, Jeffrey Drope, Fastone Goma, et al. "Explaining Why Farmers Grow Tobacco: Evidence From Malawi, Kenya, and Zambia." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 12 (2019): 2238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz173.

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Abstract Introduction Tobacco production continues to increase in low- and middle-income countries creating complications for tobacco control efforts. There is the need to understand and address the global tobacco leaf supply as a means of decreasing tobacco consumption and improving farmers livelihoods in line with Article 17 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. This study aims to understand the reasons why farmers grow tobacco and identify factors that influence these reasons. Methods Primary survey data (N = 1770) collected in Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia in the 2013–2014 farmin
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tobacco Association of Malawi"

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Moyo, Yotam Mgonjetsi. "Obstructive Lung Disease among tobacco farmers in Malawi." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32883.

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Introduction and aim Tobacco farmers are exposed to toxic workplace hazards such as nicotine and pesticides in addition to known agriculture related hazards like dust, and ergonomic factors. Nicotine and pesticide exposure have been linked to the development of chronic respiratory diseases. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of obstructive lung disease among tobacco farmers in Malawi and its association to nicotine and pesticide exposure. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted comprising of 279 current workers across four flue-cured tobacco farms in rural Zomba district
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Moyer-Lee, Jason. "Agricultural global value chains : the case of tobacco in Malawi." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18065/.

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Global Value Chains (GVC) analysis, which is increasingly used in development studies to connect production in developing countries with consumption in developed countries, is used in this work to analyse the Malawi tobacco industry. This work engages with three key concepts of GVC analysis - territoriality, governance, and upgrading - in order to map the geography of the chain and its actors, examine power relationships in the chain, and determine which actors benefit from participation and how. In order to complement the firm focus of GVC analysis and incorporate a role for the state and pro
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Johansson, Mattias. "Development from Tobacco? : A study of the Malawian tobacco industry and its impactson sustainable development in Malawi." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160855.

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The aim and purpose of this report is to describe how the domestic tobacco industry is affectingsustainable development in Malawi. This is done by describing the environmental and socio-economic effects ofthe cultivation and selling of tobacco leaves. Together with an outlook on the future developments of the industry,this information is used to describe how the Malawian tobacco industry corresponds to sustainable developmentand how it can be changed to improve sustainability in the country. The report is based on a literature study andtwo interviews. Theories on sustainable development and de
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Wu, Xiaoxuan, and 吴小轩. "The association between changes in tobacco taxation and consumption of tobacco in adults : a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193829.

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Objectives: To investigate the association between tobacco taxation and changes in tobacco consumption among adults. To synthesis the evidence regarding differential effect of tax on smoking in adults. From this review, some policy suggestions would be obtained to enhance the effectiveness of tobacco control. Methods and Results: Relevant studies published between 2008 and 2013 were searched and identified through PubMed, ISI web of knowledge and economics databases of IDEAS with combination of key words. Studies regarding the association between tobacco taxation and changes of smoking prev
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Chau, Ku-kwan Clara. "The association of smoking and erectile dysfunction in the men's health survey." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25100671.

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Doker, Thomas Jeffrey. "Investigating the Association of White Male Lung Cancer Mortality and State of Residence." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/73.

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Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death. Most lung cancer is the result of a preventable cause, smoking. Nevertheless, U.S. tobacco production remains the fourth highest globally. This study examined the spatial aspects of U.S. White male lung cancer mortality and the associated risk factors of tobacco acreage, rural residence, smoking, poverty, lack of health insurance, and radon exposure. White male lung cancer mortality was significantly correlated with tobacco acreage (r = .455), rural residence (r = .389), and smoking (r = .475). Tobacco acreage (p = .005), rural
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Prowse, Martin. "Burley tobacco, food security and vulnerability : the changing nature of rural livelihoods in the central region of Malawi." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579551.

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Tadjalli, Sobhan. "The Impact of Physical Activity on the Association between Smoking and Hypertension." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/158.

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Background: Hypertension is synonymous with high blood pressure, where blood exerts a great force on the arterial walls. Smoking cigarettes is known to cause negative health outcomes, specifically increase blood pressure. Adversely, physical activity is known to provide many health benefits, including the reduction of blood pressure. This study examines the impact of physical activity on the association between smoking and hypertension. Methods: Using secondary data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008, demographics of the population were described via descr
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周古筠 and Ku-kwan Clara Chau. "The association of smoking and erectile dysfunction in the men's health survey." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970412.

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Yan, Wai-yee Winnie, and 甄惠儀. "The association between prenatal smoke exposure and ADHD in offspring: a review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46943857.

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Books on the topic "Tobacco Association of Malawi"

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Malawi, Tobacco Association of. Constitution. The Association, 1989.

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Matthews, Alison. Fodya: The Malawi tobacco handbook. Central Africana, 1992.

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Agricultural Research & Extension Trust (Malawi). Malawi flue cured tobacco handbook. Agricultural Research and Extension Trust, 2012.

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Alison, Matthews, Wilshaw Colin, and Central Africana Limited, eds. Fodya: The Malawi tobacco handbook. Central Africana Limited, 1992.

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Malaŵi, Tobacco Association of, and Tobacco Research Institute of Malawi., eds. Burley tobacco handbook. Tobacco Association of Malaŵi, 1990.

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Barron, Alexandra. The Mbabzi story: Celebrating 100 years in Malawi. York Publishing Services Ltd., 2013.

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Gossage, S. J. Land use on the tobacco estates of Malawi: Report of the land use survey of tobacco estates in Malawi, 1996. Estate Land Utilisation Study, 1997.

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Nankumba, J. Sinoya. A case study of tenancy arrangements on private burley tobacco estates in Malawi. Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, 1989.

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Association, British Malawi Scholars'. Directory of the British Malawi Scholars' Association. British Council, 1999.

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Mainza, Mweemba. Market chain analysis of smallholder tobacco producers in Malawi: A case of Lisasadzi Epa, Kasungu District : draft report. Bunda College of Agriculture, Centre for Agricultural Research and Development, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tobacco Association of Malawi"

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Sands, Fenton, and Shashidhara Kolavalli. "Replacing Tobacco in Malawi." In Management for Professionals. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5850-0_23.

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Aşut, Özen, Sibel Kalaça, and Bülent Kiliç. "Tobacco-Smoking Among Executives of the Turkish Medical Association." In Tobacco and Health. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1907-2_162.

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Prowse, Martin, and Paul Grassin. "A Very Short Political Economy of Malawi." In Tobacco, Transformation and Development Dilemmas from Central Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33985-2_7.

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Prowse, Martin, and Paul Grassin. "Smallholder Burley Reform Process and Maize Production in Malawi 1990–2005." In Tobacco, Transformation and Development Dilemmas from Central Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33985-2_2.

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Li, Ming D. "Converging Findings from Linkage and Association Analyses on Susceptibility Genes for Smoking Addiction." In Tobacco Smoking Addiction: Epidemiology, Genetics, Mechanisms, and Treatment. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7530-8_10.

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Emond, Jennifer A., Jeffrey Chester, Jonathan Noel, et al. "Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearm Promotion in Digital Media: Corporate Influences on Adolescent Health." In Handbook of Children and Screens. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69362-5_13.

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AbstractAlcohol, tobacco, and firearm use are the root causes of disability and mortality in the United States. The use of these products in adolescence has considerable impacts on immediate and lifelong health. Adolescents have been the key targets of alcohol, tobacco, and firearm companies because of the potential to shape brand alliances and lifetime use. Marketing and product placements in media have often been used to reach the adolescent market for tobacco and alcohol products, continue to be used to reach the adolescent market for alcohol, and emerging data suggest that they may be used
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Deshmukh, Vijay, and Kishore Shekar. "Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Treatment Planning." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_81.

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AbstractThe incidence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is on the rise. Association with tobacco and alcohol is well established. Transformation rates in premalignant lesions and conditions vary in the available literature. Oral cancer in other parts of the world has different etiology in contrast to Indian oral cancer. Because of this Indian OSCC may require different parameters for treatment than that of the other oral cancer. Its prognosis also may not be comparable to others.
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Anuradha, A., V. Lakshmi Kalpana, Natukula Kirmani, and Peela Jagannadha Rao. "CYP Polymorphism and Its Association with Tobacco Usage and Susceptibility to Head and Neck Cancer." In Next Generation DNA Led Technologies. Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-670-6_5.

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"No. 42510. International Development Association and Malawi." In United Nations Treaty Series. UN, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/941874ba-en-fr.

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"No. 27100. International Development Association and Malawi." In United Nations Treaty Series. UN, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/972b3611-en-fr.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tobacco Association of Malawi"

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Moyo, Yotam Mgonjetsi, Mohamed F. Jeebhay, Roslynn Baatjies, Sufia Dadabhai, and Shahieda Adams. "O-213 Obstructive lung disease associated with occupational and environmental exposures among small-scale tobacco farmers in Malawi." In 29th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2023), Mumbai, India, Hosted by the Indian Association of Occupational Health, Mumbai Branch & Tata Memorial Centre. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2023-epicoh.50.

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Safitri, Febrina Dewi. "Marketing Process of Agricultural Tobacco Products Effects on Tobacco Farmer Economy." In Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007025301320134.

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Syakura, Nabila Wahyu. "Impact of Tobacco Control on Tobacco Farmers and State Revenue in Indonesia." In Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007025901560160.

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Aulia, Ayu. "Economics of Tobacco Control: The Role of Tobacco in the National Economy." In Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007024100780081.

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Pebriaini, Prisma Andita. "Transfer of Tobacco Functions as an Effort to Control the Health and Prosperity of Tobacco Farmers." In Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007030003370341.

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Muthiah, Khansa. "Tobacco Free Initiative (TFI) to Control Tobacco Economics and the Concerns of Governments about Taxes on Poor Smokers." In Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007026801920194.

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Septyaningsih, Ika. "Impact of Tobacco Use on Poverty, Economic Development and Patterns of Tobacco Use by Poverty and Country Income Groups." In Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007024000730077.

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Radityo, Bayu Adi. "Impact of Tobacco Use on Poverty in Indonesia." In Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007023200380041.

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Oetaminingsih, Arieny Ratna. "Implementing the Tobacco Control Policies Properly and Correctly." In Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007024901150117.

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Wulandari, Desi Purnama. "Role of Tobacco Industries in the National Economy." In Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007026101650167.

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Reports on the topic "Tobacco Association of Malawi"

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Loebenstein, Gad, William Dawson, and Abed Gera. Association of the IVR Gene with Virus Localization and Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604922.bard.

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We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi. During the present grant we found that TMV production is enhanced in protoplasts and plants of local lesion responding tobacco cultivars exposed to 35oC, parallel to an almost complete suppression of the production of IVR. We also found that IVR is associated with resistance mechanisms in pepper cultivars. We succeeded to clo
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Epel, Bernard L., Roger N. Beachy, A. Katz, et al. Isolation and Characterization of Plasmodesmata Components by Association with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Proteins Fused with the Green Fluorescent Protein from Aequorea victoria. United States Department of Agriculture, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573996.bard.

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The coordination and regulation of growth and development in multicellular organisms is dependent, in part, on the controlled short and long-distance transport of signaling molecule: In plants, symplastic communication is provided by trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels termed plasmodesmata (Pd). Plant viruses spread cell-to-cell by altering Pd. This movement scenario necessitates a targeting mechanism that delivers the virus to a Pd and a transport mechanism to move the virion or viral nucleic acid through the Pd channel. The identity of host proteins with which MP interacts, the mechanism
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Chinsinga, Blessings, and Lars Otto Naess. The Political Economy of Agricultural Commercialisation: Insights from Crop Value Chain Studies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.014.

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This paper is a synthesis of findings from 11 value chains case studies in six countries across sub- Saharan Africa, carried out as part of the APRA programme during 2020–21. The countries and their respective value chains case studies included: Ethiopia (rice), Ghana (oil palm and cocoa), Malawi (groundnuts), Nigeria (maize, cocoa and rice), Tanzania (rice and sunflower) and Zimbabwe (tobacco and maize). A political economy analysis (PEA) framework was used to examine the performance of the selected value chains in the six countries. The starting point for the studies was that the success of
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Fromm, Hillel, and Joe Poovaiah. Calcium- and Calmodulin-Mediated Regulation of Plant Responses to Stress. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568096.bard.

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We have taken a molecular approach to clone cellular targets of calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM). A 35S-labeled recombinant CaM was used as a probe to screen various cDNA expression libraries. One of the isolated clones from petunia codes for the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) which catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to g-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The activity of plant GAD has been shown to be dramatically enhanced in response to cold and heat shock, anoxia, drought, mechanical manipulations and by exogenous application of the stress phytohormone ABA in wheat roots. We have purified the
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Pirone, Thomas P., Benjamin Raccah, and Nor Chejanovsky. Vector Specificity in Potyvirus Transmission: Role of the Helper Component. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586456.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of how potyviruses interact with their aphid vectors. The aim was to design new approaches for prevention of potyvirus spread by aphids. The sub-objectives included: (1). Determination of which of the HCs of different potyviruses effect efficient transmission by specific aphid vectors; (2). Determine regions in the HC that play a role in their compatibility with the vector; (3). Determine the factors within the aphid stylets that modify HC activity in transmission. Background of the topic: Background to the t
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Gender-specific pathways mediate the risk of substance use in adolescents with ADHD. ACAMH, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.10679.

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Data suggest that children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to start smoking tobacco and/or marijuana earlier in childhood than unaffected children, and then escalate use during adolescence. Now, a study by researchers at the University of Minnesota has examined the mediating pathways underlying this association between childhood ADHD and later substance-abuse problems.
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