Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tobacco consumption of households

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Tobacco consumption of households'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tobacco consumption of households"

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Datta, Biplab Kumar, Muhammad Jami Husain, and Nigar Nargis. "An Intertemporal Analysis of Post-FCTC Era Household Tobacco Consumption in Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 16, 2019): 2532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142532.

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Since the ratification of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004, Pakistan has taken various measures of tobacco control. This study examines how these tobacco control measures are associated with change in household-level tobacco consumption patterns in Pakistan over the decade (2005 to 2016) after FCTC ratification. We used multiple waves of the household survey data of Pakistan from 2004–2005 to 2015–2016 for analyzing household-level tobacco use. We find that tobacco consumption remains at a significantly high level (45.5%) in Pakistan despite the recent declining trend in the post-FCTC era. During the preparatory phase of FCTC implementation between 2005 and 2008, the smoking rate was on the rise, and smokeless tobacco use was declining. Over the implementation phase of FCTC policies between 2008 and 2016, the pattern of change in tobacco use reversed—the smoking rate started to decrease while smokeless tobacco use started to rise. However, the decrease in the smoking rate was slower and the increase in smokeless tobacco use at the national level was driven by an increase among the poor and middle-income households. These trends resulted in the growing burden of tobacco expenditure among the poor and middle-income households relative to the wealthier households.
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Ross, Hana, Leelmanee Moussa, Tom Harris, and Rajive Ajodhea. "The heterogeneous impact of a successful tobacco control campaign: a case study of Mauritius." Tobacco Control 27, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053412.

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BackgroundMauritius has one of the highest smoking prevalences in Africa, contributing to its high burden of non-communicable diseases. Mauritius implemented a series of tobacco control measures from 2009 to 2012, including tobacco tax increases. There is evidence that these policies reduced tobacco consumption, but it is not clear what impact they had across different socioeconomic groups.MethodThe impact of tobacco control measures on different income groups was analysed by contrasting household tobacco expenditures reported in 2006–2007 and 2012 household expenditure surveys. We employed the seemingly unrelated regression model to assess the impact of tobacco use on other household expenditures and calculated Gini coefficients to assess tobacco expenditure inequality.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2012, excise taxes and retail cigarette prices increased by 40.6% and 15.3% in real terms, respectively. These increases were accompanied by numerous non-price tobacco control measures. The share of tobacco-consuming households declined from 35.7% to 29.3%, with the largest relative drop among low-income households. The Gini coefficient of household tobacco expenditures increased by 10.4% due to decreased spending by low-income households. Low-income households demonstrated the largest fall in their tobacco budget shares, and the impact of tobacco consumption on poverty decreased by 26.2%. Households that continued purchasing tobacco reduced their expenditures on transportation, communication, health, and education.ConclusionsThese results suggest that tobacco control policies, including sizeable tax increases, were progressive in their impact. We conclude that tobacco use increases poverty and inequality, but stronger tobacco control policies can mitigate the impact of tobacco use on impoverishment.
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Vladisavljević, Marko, Jovan Zubović, Mihajlo Đukić, and Olivera Jovanović. "Inequality-Reducing Effects of Tobacco Tax Increase: Accounting for Behavioral Response of Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Households in Serbia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 9494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189494.

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While previous research has indicated that increasing tobacco excises is a crucial instrument for lowering tobacco demand, this policy has been criticized for its alleged regressive impact on the poor. However, this critique does not take into account the behavioral response, i.e., decrease in consumption that occurs after excises and prices increase. In this paper, we examine the effect of cigarettes’ price increase on tobacco consumption, household expenditures, and tax burdens in three income groups and provide empirical arguments on the regressivity/progressivity effects of tobacco tax increase. Estimated elasticities indicate that all groups decrease their cigarettes demand with increasing prices, with demand decrease stronger for low- than for middle- and high-income households. Results further suggest that increasing tobacco excises (1) decreases tobacco expenditure of low-income households, which increases their productive consumption, such as on food, clothes, etc., and (2) redistributes the tobacco tax burden from low- to high-income households. Therefore, excise increase policies do not have an adverse effect on the position of the low-income households; on the contrary, they lower their cigarettes expenditure and their tax burden, while lower cigarettes consumption has an additional, positive effect on their health, which attenuates future inequalities.
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Piekut, Marlena. "Determinants of consumption of people aged 70 and more." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 61, no. 6 (June 28, 2016): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1006.

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The purpose of this article is to indicate the hierarchy of factors determining consumption in households of people aged 70 and more. Material consisted of data from a study of household budgets survey for 2012. The present study used the method of canonical correlation analysis. The most important determinants of expenditure in households of people aged 70 and more have proven to be disposable income per capita and the size of the household. More spending on alcoholic beverages and tobacco products were characterized by households in which the head of the household was a man. In households located in rural areas and run by people with primary education reported less spending on services such as communications, recreation and culture.
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Paraje, Guillermo, and Daniel Araya. "Relationship between smoking and health and education spending in Chile." Tobacco Control 27, no. 5 (October 6, 2017): 560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053857.

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ObjectiveTo estimate the degree to which tobacco consumption is associated with spending on a set of goods and services in Chile, especially health and education, for the total population as well as for specific subgroups.MethodsA seemingly unrelated regression equation system was used to estimate the statistical relationship between having tobacco expenditures and the budget share allocated to other items for the total population and for specific subgroups in Chile (eg, households within the bottom/top 33% by total expenditures). The use of household-level data allows for the control of a number of sociodemographic characteristics. The nationally representative 2012 Chilean Household Expenditure Survey was used for the analysis.ResultsTobacco consumption is associated with lower budget shares allocated to healthcare, education and housing expenses, especially for poorer households. In the case of health, not consuming tobacco is related to higher health expenditures: up to 32% for the total population. Similarly, in the case of education, not consuming tobacco is statistically related to higher education expenditures: up to 16% for the total population. For all groups, tobacco consumption is also related to a significantly higher budget share allocated to alcoholic beverages.ConclusionsThe strong significant statistical relationship found between tobacco consumption and resources allocated to healthcare and education consumption may be indicative of the existence of a crowding out effect of tobacco. This effect, in turn, may increase the burden that the rest of society must bear for the increased healthcare that they require because of tobacco consumption.
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Nguyen, Ngoc-Minh, and Anh Nguyen. "Crowding-out effect of tobacco expenditure in Vietnam." Tobacco Control 29, Suppl 5 (August 26, 2020): s326—s330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055307.

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PurposeThis study aims at analysing the causal crowding-out effect of tobacco spending on intrahousehold budget share in Vietnam. Besides, we also examine the differences in expenditure patterns between tobacco spending households and non-spending households in Vietnam as well as determine the reason behind these differences.MethodsWe estimated a system of quadratic conditional Engel curve to determine intrahousehold resource allocation using the latest Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey data in 2016. In order to estimate the causal crowding-out effect of tobacco spending, GMM 3SLS method is used to simultaneously deal with heteroscedasticity and endogeneity problems.ResultsAlthough the Wald test results propose the difference in preferences between tobacco spending and non-spending households in Vietnam, once controlling for household characteristics, the results from GMM 3SLS method show that the differences are insignificant. Generally, the crowding-out effect of tobacco spending in Vietnamese households is modest because of the small share of tobacco in the total household expenditure. An increase in tobacco expenditure only leads to a fall in the budget shares of education. The crowding-out effect, however, mainly appears in the case of low-income households.ConclusionsThe reduction in education caused by tobacco consumption, particularly in low-income households, may extend inequality and thus prevent the socioeconomic development in Vietnam in the long term. Additionally, the tiny share of tobacco in household expenditure reveals that the price of tobacco products in Vietnam is extremely low, leading to high proportion of tobacco smokers. Government, therefore, should continuously increase the tobacco tax so that it could restrict the tobacco affordability.
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Subramanian, S. V., Shailen Nandy, Michelle Kelly, Dave Gordon, and George Davey Smith. "Patterns and distribution of tobacco consumption in India: cross sectional multilevel evidence from the 1998-9 national family health survey." BMJ 328, no. 7443 (April 1, 2004): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7443.801.

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AbstractObjective To investigate the demographic, socioeconomic, and geographical distribution of tobacco consumption in India.Design Multilevel cross sectional analysis of the 1998-9 Indian national family health survey of 301 984 individuals in 92 447 households in 3215 villages in 440 districts in 26 states.Setting Indian states.Participants 301 984 adults (≥ 18 years).Main outcome measures Dichotomous variable for smoking and chewing tobacco for each respondent (1 if yes, 0 if no) as well as a combined measure of whether an individual smokes, chews tobacco, or both.Results Smoking and chewing tobacco are systematically associated with socioeconomic markers at the individual and household level. Individuals with no education are 2.69 times more likely to smoke and chew tobacco than those with postgraduate education. Households belonging to the lowest fifth of a standard of living index were 2.54 times more likely to consume tobacco than those in the highest fifth. Scheduled tribes (odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.29) and scheduled castes (1.19, 1.16 to 1.23) were more likely to consume tobacco than other caste groups. The socioeconomic differences are more marked for smoking than for chewing tobacco. Socioeconomic markers and demographic characteristics of individuals and households do not account fully for the differences at the level of state, district, and village in smoking and chewing tobacco, with state accounting for the bulk of the variation in tobacco consumption.Conclusion The distribution of tobacco consumption is likely to maintain, and perhaps increase, the current considerable socioeconomic differentials in health in India. Interventions aimed at influencing change in tobacco consumption should consider the socioeconomic and geographical determinants of people's susceptibility to consume tobacco.
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Perera, K. Manuja N., G. N. Duminda Guruge, and Pushpa L. Jayawardana. "Household Expenditure on Tobacco Consumption in a Poverty-Stricken Rural District in Sri Lanka." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 29, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539517690225.

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Tobacco is a determinant of poverty and a barrier for development. Monaragala, a rural, agricultural district, reports the highest poverty-related indicators in southern Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study was used to describe the household expenditure on tobacco and its association with food- and education-related expenditures at household level. This study used a 4-stage cluster sampling method to recruit a representative sample of 1160 households. Response rate was 98.6%. Median monthly household income was LKR 20 000 (interquartile range [IQR] = LKR 12 000-30 000). The median monthly expenditure on tobacco was LKR 1000 (IQR = LKR 400-2000) with the highest spending tertile reporting a median of LKR 2700 (IQR = LKR 2000-3600).The proportionate expenditure from the monthly income ranged from 0.0% to 50% with a median of 5.0% (IQR = 2.0-10.0) and a mean of 7.4% (7.6). The poorest reported the highest mean proportionate expenditure (9.8%, SD = 10) from the household income. Household expenditure on tobacco negatively associated with expenditure on education.
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Hanić, Hasan, and Milica Bugarčić. "Examination of the influence of impact on tobacco consumption in Serbia." Ekonomika poljoprivrede 67, no. 4 (2020): 1217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj2004217h.

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The subject of this paper is the econometric analysis of tobacco demand in Serbia. The aim of this paper is to quantify the impact of income and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of households on tobacco expenditure based on microdata from the 2019 Household Budget Survey conducted by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia according to the same methodology applied by the European Union Agency for Statistics. The influence of these factors was quantified on the basis of seven different functional forms of Engel curves, which are most often used in econometric empirical research. Based on the estimated parameters of the empirical specifications of Engel curves and the elasticity derived from them, the hypothesis of inelasticity of demand for tobacco products in relation to household income was tested.
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Utzig, Monika. "URBAN AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS’ CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES AS A MEASURE OF THEIR LEVEL OF LIVING." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 4 (August 23, 2018): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.3061.

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The aim of the study was to compare urban and rural households’ level of living. Definitions and measures of level of living were presented. Then level of living in rural and urban households as well as its changes were evaluated using the data from Household Budget Surveys. Expenditures on health, transport, recreation and culture, education, restaurants and hotels and alkoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics were used as a measures. The results shows that the level and the share of consumption expenditures on recreation and culture as well as on restaurants and hotel were higher in urban than in rural households. The level of living in rural households is lower than in urban ones but the difference is decreasing.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tobacco consumption of households"

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Pau, Siu-yuen, and 鮑兆源. "Reducing tobacco consumption: the tobacco control policy in Hong Kong revisited." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4678200X.

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Ding, Li. "United States households consumption a comprehensive analysis /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/4304.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Frache, Derregibus Serafin. "Essays on households' consumption and saving decisions." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8909.

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In this thesis I contribute to the applied study of households' consumption and saving behaviour. In the first chapter I introduce and explain why it is relevant to understand how households react to income shocks in terms of their consumption and saving decisions. The second chapter is inspired by a recent paper by Krueger and Perri (2011), who argue that the observed response of household wealth to income shocks, which is smaller over long periods, provides evidence in favour of the classic permanent-income model with perfect financial markets. Whether a model with financial market imperfections, however, such as the standard incomplete-markets model with liquidity constraints, can also generate such a wealth response crucially depends on the importance of precautionary wealth accumulation. I structurally estimate a model with a precautionary- savings motive and show that it can generate the observed wealth responses in the data. I further show that the wealth responses to income shocks do not allow us to rule out financial market imperfections. In the third chapter I extend the analysis, studying empirically what can be learned from international evidence on the way in which households react to income. I use detailed panel data from newly available surveys of Chile, Spain and the United States. Although it compares three different countries with dissimilar levels of development in their financial markets, the evidence suggests that the amount of precautionary savings in these economies is low and that household behaviour is not strongly influenced by the presence of borrowing constraints. The structural estimation for all countries suggests a low target level of wealth resulting from high levels of impatience or low levels of risk aversion. In the fourth chapter I extend the analysis to the real estate properties owned by the households. I revisit the Italian data, building on Kaplan and Violante (2014) who have argued that a substantial fraction of wealthy households with illiquid wealth, such as real estate, behave as hand-to-mouth consumers. In exploring the data, I find that, in the Italian sample, households which adjust their illiquid wealth show responses to income shocks like permanent-income consumers. Instead households which do not adjust their illiquid wealth, and whose behaviour in general can thus not be characterised by the first order conditions, show responses to income shocks which suggest a stronger precautionary-saving motive, such as wealthy hand-to-mouth consumers might be expected to show. The fifth chapter provides the conclusions of the thesis.
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Weikum, Gary Lester. "The housing consumption of empty nest households." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26624.

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The purposes of this study are to develop a demographic profile of empty nesters and describe their housing consumption; to determine the number of empty nesters who are occupying family housing; and provide a summary of the housing needs of empty nesters which cause them to occupy the type of housing which they do. This study is not intended to develop public policy to encourage empty nesters to move, rather, it attempts to answer some fundamental questions about the impact of empty nesters on the family housing supply in urban areas. A detailed examination of empty nester housing consumption in the Vancouver, C.M.A. Canada was conducted through analysis of 1981 Census Canada Public Use Sample Tapes. The findings indicate that empty nesters have a high propensity to live independently in owner-occupied family type single detached dwellings. Contrary to popular perception, condominiums have not attracted large numbers of empty nest couples. Empty nesters appear to retain their independent living arrangements and family type housing for as long as possible. Income, more than any other variable tested, influences the size of dwelling occupied by this group., and relatively low monthly housing costs caused by high equity situations may counteract any desire to economize space after the children have left the family home. This study was conducted as a result of the apparent lack of empirical data regarding empty nesters and the various assumptions that they were contributing to family housing shortage problems. It is important that researchers not pre-judge what is adequate housing for empty nesters. Rather, researchers should focus on the resources and needs of this group and attempt to supply appropriate housing from this direction rather than implement policies to get them out of their current housing units.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Naqvi, Iman. "The War on Tobacco: The Impact of Advertising Bans on Tobacco Consumption." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/732.

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ABSTRACT This study provides an empirical analysis of the effect of tobacco marketing regulation on unit sales, in order to evaluate the effectiveness these laws in the United States. The analysis did not find a significant effect of tobacco advertising expenditure on unit sales. Examination of advertising expenditure revealed that tobacco companies substituted banned forms of advertising for other marketing strategies, leading to little reduction in total advertising expenditure and a limited effect on sales. Furthermore, it found an unexpected positive relationship between the 1971 Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act and tobacco consumption; the ban on advertising and promotion actually increased sales by over 88 billion units. Additional empirical evidence is provided from studies performed by Fight Ordinances and Restrictions to Control and Eliminate Smoking (FORCES) and Saffer and Chaloupka that show correspondingly inconclusive results. The paper then discusses several policy implications and subsequent recommendations that follow from these results.
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Leung, Yuk-ho, and 梁毓浩. "Effectiveness of tobacco taxation compared with smoking ban in reducing tobacco consumption." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4517295X.

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Iringe-Koko, I. B. "Illicit tobacco : policy responses, consumption and attitudes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1463373/.

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The existence of the illicit tobacco trade has serious implications for tobacco control efforts as it encourages smoking by providing tobacco products at a cheaper price. Although this illicit trade has serious ramifications for public health in England, there is very limited data on its nature, the extent of its use and smokers’ views on illicit tobacco. This thesis aimed to address this by utilising a mixed methodology approach which consisted of population based surveys of English smokers and in-depth face-to-face interviews with smokers. Prevalence of illicit tobacco use appeared to decrease between 2007-8 and 2012, but there was an increase from 2010-11 to 2012. ‘Under the counter’ tobacco purchases in retail shops emerged as a prominent source of illicit tobacco, although smokers were able to access a number of illicit sources. Smokers who exclusively purchased illicit tobacco paid much less for their tobacco products compared with those who reported exclusive duty-paid tobacco purchases. Report of illicit tobacco use was more likely in younger smokers, males, smokers in low socio-economic groups, smokers of ‘roll your own’ tobacco and those with high tobacco dependence in 2012. However, this changed with each survey, as illicit tobacco use appeared to become more widespread across socio-demographic sub-groups. Illicit tobacco users reported lower levels of motivated to quit smoking. However, smokers in the interview study reported that loss of access to illicit tobacco would drive them to think about quitting or cutting down on their smoking. The interview study revealed that smokers were able to easily access illicit tobacco in their communities and social circles. In addition, smokers viewed the illicit tobacco market and illicit traders approvingly as providing a means of accessing affordable tobacco products. Furthermore, they were unperturbed by the illegality and associated criminality of illicit tobacco trade. Due to the nature of this illegal activity, further research should investigate how the illicit tobacco market evolves in response to policy efforts.
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Ornelas, Almaraz Gustavo. "Patterns of tobacco consumption in Mexico : current perspective." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2012. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/42973/.

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The aim of this study has been to investigate current issues regarding the consumption of tobacco products in Mexico. The first chapter examines the incidence of the excise of tobacco using data from the National Income and Expenditure Household Survey of 2008. The results showed that, the excise is regressive taking the equivalent of 7.6% of consumption expenditure for smoking households in the lowest, and 3.3% from smoking households in the highest quintile. The unfairness of the excise on tobacco is confirmed by the calculation of the Kakwani index of progressivity which is estimated at -0.196. The results are valid for the 2008 taxschedule. The second chapter investigates the effect of demographic, socio-economic and psychosocial factors influencing the demand for cigarettes in Mexico. The data used for the analysis comes from two sweeps of the Mexican Family Life Survey of 2002 and 2005- 2007, a source individual-level data. A two-part model of cigarette demand is estimated. According to the estimation, a number of significant effects are found to determine the overall level of consumption in both sweeps. In the third chapter a panel hurdle model is applied to data on cigarette consumption. The model has the feature of applying the Box-Cox transformation to the dependent variable in order to address the skew distribution seen in data. It also includes a non-zero correlation coefficient to account for the temporal linkage of consumption. The data used for estimation comes from the short panel of individuals created from the Mexican Family Life Survey. The results reveal that individuals who are unusually likely to participate in the activity of smoking tend to smoke less intensively. This is confirmed by the estimated correlation parameter which appears to be significantly negative. A number of significant effects are found to determine the overall level of consumption overtime.
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Cilasun, Seyit Mumin. "Income And, Consumption And Saving Behavior Of Turkish Households." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611207/index.pdf.

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Using 2002-2006 Household Budget Survey, this thesis investigates the income, consumption and saving dynamics of Turkish households within a life-cycle theory framework by employing cross-sectional analyses and cohort techniques. Cohort techniques are used not only to analyze these variables, but also to investigate the demographics and components of income and consumption. The analyses are deepened by dividing the sample according to the location of the households (urban-rural areas), and significant differences are found between urban and rural households, especially in terms of saving behaviors. Income, consumption and savings of formal and informal households are also investigated. Analyzing these households provides information regarding the precautionary saving since the higher income uncertainty of the informal households is expected to force them for extra saving due to precautionary motive. Finally, the life-cycle model and the precautionary saving hypothesis are tested by estimating log-linearized Euler equations. In the test of precautionary saving hypothesis, formal-informal data are used as a proxy for the risk variable. According to the estimation results, the predictions of the life-cycle model do not hold for Turkey but there is no evidence that this is due to precautionary saving.
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Arvesen, Anders. "Direct and Indirect Energy Consumption of Households in Beijing." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12877.

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China's economy has grown at remarkable rates in the last three decades, bringing about big improvements in people's quality of life. On the downside, the increased economic activity has contributed to serious environmental problems, many of which are related to the country's energy system. Focusing particularly on Beijing, this study aims at illuminating how income growth and lifestyle changes relate to energy use in the society. An extended input-output analysis is applied to estimate the direct and indirect household energy consumption (HEC) of Beijing households at different levels of development in the year 2005. Using observations of how HEC varies across income groups in 2005 as a basis, projections of HEC towards 2015 are made. According to the results, the total HEC in Beijing amounts to 42% of the total direct energy use occurring in all sectors within Beijing's geographical boundaries. Hence, a significant portion of the energy use in the society can be linked with consumer activities. For urban residents, indirect influences on energy use are found to be more than three times greater than the direct influences. Mainly due to growing incomes, total HEC in urban Beijing will grow substantially in the period 2005-2015, even with overall efficiency improvements corresponding to the central government's targets. The results indicate that the share of transport related energy use to total HEC will increase significantly. Without major efficiency improvements, huge increases in transport related energy use is to be expected towards 2015. Air conditioners will be the most important single electrical appliance contributing to increased residential electricity consumption in the near future.Due to significant uncertainty, the figures should be taken as rough guides to the magnitude of different types of energy use only. Nonetheless, it is the author's opinion that the study produces valuable insights that can add to our understanding of the underlying drivers of energy use in the Beijing society. The estimates are considered sufficiently accurate to serve as a basis for making some recommendations for improving the energy efficiency of the society. Based on the findings of the study, the author calls on central and local governments to: 1) Further incorporate the important role of consumer behaviour and lifestyle into energy conservation policies; 2) Make strong efforts to mitigate transport related environmental problems, focusing attention both on producers and consumers; 3) Give high priority to constructing energy efficient buildings; 4) Further strengthen and expand the performance standard and labelling scheme for electrical appliances; 5) Consider imposing constraints on the promotion of consumerism by the mass media and advertising industry.
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Books on the topic "Tobacco consumption of households"

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John, Rijo M. An analysis of household's tobacco consumption decisions: evidence from India. Mumbai: Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, 2004.

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Sharma, A. N. Tobacco consumption and maternal health. New Delhi: Northern Book Centre, 2006.

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Crook, J. N. Credit constraints and US households. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, Management School, 1995.

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Barford, Michael F. Tobacco to 1995: Consumption moves south. London: Economist Intelligence Unit, 1991.

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Energy consumption pattern of households in India. New Delhi: Global Research Publications, 2011.

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Benito, Andrew. Does job insecurity affect household consumption? London: Bank of England, 2004.

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Households in mid-life: Asset and consumption profile. Singapore: Dept. of Statistics, 1995.

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Duflo, Esther. Intrahousehold resource allocation in Cote d'Ivoire: Social norms, separate accounts and consumption choices. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Nurmela, Juha. Kotitalouksien energiankulutukseen vaikuttavat tekijät. Helsinki: Tilastokeskus, 1989.

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Leach, Gerald. Household energy in South Asia. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tobacco consumption of households"

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Negishi, Takashi. "Households and Consumption." In Advances in Japanese Business and Economics, 29–50. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54535-4_3.

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Goldsmith, Elizabeth B. "Households: Productivity and Consumption." In Social Influence and Sustainable Consumption, 105–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20738-4_7.

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Warner, K. E. "Economics of tobacco consumption." In Tobacco: The Growing Epidemic, 365–68. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0769-9_156.

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Honzatkova, Zuzana. "Review of Tobacco Consumption in Slovakia." In Tobacco and Health, 571–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1907-2_122.

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Achutti, Aloyzio. "Rapid Assessment of Tobacco Consumption and Prevalence." In Tobacco and Health, 161–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1907-2_34.

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Leone, O., E. Archilli, A. Leone, and A. Leone. "Smoking Habit and Alcohol Consumption in Schoolboys." In Tobacco and Health, 589–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1907-2_127.

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Hoffmann, Dietrich, and Ilse Hoffmann. "Tobacco consumption and lung cancer." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 1–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2630-8_1.

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Schmutzler, Armin. "Consumption and Savings Decisions of Households." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 157–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95671-3_6.

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Laugesen, Murray. "The Impact of Tobacco Policies on Trends in Tobacco Consumption." In Tobacco and Health, 151–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1907-2_32.

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Bonet Gorbea, M., G. Roche, N. Suarez Lugo, and P. Varona Perez. "Tobacco consumption and prevalence of smoking in Cuba." In Tobacco: The Growing Epidemic, 45–46. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0769-9_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tobacco consumption of households"

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Şengül, Seda, and Çiler Sigeze. "The Consumption Expenditure of Households in Turkey: Demand System Estimation with Pseudo Panel Data." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00709.

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In this study, micro data sets obtained by 2005 and 2009 Household Budget Surveys compiled by Turkish Statistical Institute were used to estimate the parameters of household consumption demand and calculate the income-demand elasticities of consumer goods. Total expenditures of the households in this data set delivered into the following 12 different categories of goods and services. The expenditure share of these different categories of goods and services is the dependent variable of this model. In addition, the total household expenditure, the squared total household expenditure, the household size adjusted in accordance with the OECD equivalence scale and the logarithms of squared household size are the independent variables used in the study. The Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equations (SURE) is used to estimate the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QAIDS) so as to determine the demand parameters of the main commodity groups. The principal result of the study is that the consumption elasticities of the food and nonalcoholic beverages, housing, water, electricity, fuel, clothing and footwear, furniture and house appliances, communications, alcoholic beverages, cigarette and tobacco expenditure are less than 1. Therefore, it can be said that these commodity groups are considered to be mandatory goods. On the other hand, the consumption elasticities of the health, transportation, education services, entertainment and culture, restaurants, hotels, patisseries are more than 1. Thus, these commodity groups are considered to be luxury goods. In this regard, the study concludes that Turkey is considered to be a developing country in terms of the consumption characteristics.
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Akbar, Urmatul Uska, Yollit Permata Sari, Joan Marta, Doni Satria, Melti Roza Adry, Dewi Zaini Putri, and Isra Yeni. "Does Tobacco Consumption Affect Allocation of Household Expenditure: A Study Literature." In Sixth Padang International Conference On Economics Education, Economics, Business and Management, Accounting and Entrepreneurship (PICEEBA 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210616.029.

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Polisher, Mickhal, Edward Cumberbatch, Aneil Ramkhalawan, Jorrel Bisnath, and Aatma Maharajh. "FEASIBILITY OF POWERING MANZANILLA VIA A WIND FARM." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/aiel3127.

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Remote communities on the outskirts of Trinidad and Tobago have the perennial challenge of a reliable supply of electricity. Frequent outages can have a negative effect on the quality of life for persons in such areas. Manzanilla is one such community. It however lies on the east coast of Trinidad. The east coast is commonly thought to have a significant wind resource compared with other areas of Trinidad. This study looked at the feasibility of providing wind energy to a community in the Manzanilla area. Average power consumption was determined by a survey for a total of almost 300 households, businesses and combined establishments in the area. The wind resource was examined to determine if it could meet the electricity demand which has been growing steadily from 2001 to the present. The wind resource was found to be adequate when compared with similar areas considering the generation of wind energy.
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Kott, M. "The electricity consumption in polish households." In 2015 Modern Electric Power Systems (MEPS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/meps.2015.7477166.

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Dautzenberg, Marie-Dominique, Pierre Birkui, Nicole Rieu, and Bertrand Dautzenberg. "The overestimation on tobacco consumption of peers by teenagers increase when tobacco consumption decrease." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa1183.

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Soud, D., and P. Standley. "Characterisation of energy consumption in domestic households." In IET Conference on Renewable Power Generation (RPG 2011). IET, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2011.0169.

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Wang, Lu, Mian Liu, and Shu-Yan Cao. "Sustainable Energy Consumption in Beijing Rural Households." In The 2nd Annual International Workshop on Materials Science and Engineering (IWMSE 2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813226517_0093.

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Perera Lopez, Lidia, Raquel Solano Garcia-Tenorio, Teresa Lopez Ruiz, Auxiliadora Calatrava Romero, Asunción Martín Hernández, Margarita Izquierdo Nazar, Joaquín Salamanca Blanco, Julio César Vargas Espinal, Paz Vaquero Lozano, and Angela Gomez Del Aguila. "Maternal consumption of tobacco and pregnancy." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa1264.

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Ali, Usman, Concettina Buccella, and Carlo Cecati. "Households electricity consumption analysis with data mining techniques." In IECON 2016 - 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2016.7793118.

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Ramgolam, Yatindra Kumar, Shanmuga Veerapen, Anshu Prakash Murdan, Vishwamitra Oree, and Krishnaraj Madhavjee Sunjiv Soyjaudah. "Apparent and standby energy consumption in mauritian middle-income households." In 2014 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/energycon.2014.6850564.

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Reports on the topic "Tobacco consumption of households"

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Giavazzi, Francesco, and Michael McMahon. The Households Effects of Government Consumption. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17837.

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Parker, Jonathan. Why Don't Households Smooth Consumption? Evidence from a 25 Million Dollar Experiment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21369.

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Bottazzi, Renata, Serena Trucchi, and Matthew Wakefield. Wealth effects and the consumption of Italian households in the Great Recession. Institute for Fiscal Studies, August 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2013.1321.

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Banzhaf, H. Spencer, and Taha Kasim. Fuel Consumption and Gasoline Prices: The Role of Assortative Matching between Households and Automobiles. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22983.

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Tauras, John, and Lan Liang. The Impact of Physician Intervention and Tobacco Control Policies on Average Daily Cigarette Consumption Among Adult Smokers. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9790.

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Poyer, D. A. An analysis of residential energy consumption and expenditures by minority households by home type and housing vintage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10145118.

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Poyer, D. A., A. P. S. Teotia, and L. Henderson. Residential energy consumption across different population groups: Comparative analysis for Latino and non-Latino households in U.S.A. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/661568.

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Poyer, D. A. The federal energy policy: An example of its potential impact on energy consumption and expenditures in minority and poor households. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10176481.

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Alemu, Dawit, and Gashaw T. Abate. The Covid-19 Pandemic and Household Rice Consumption Patterns in Ethiopia: The Case of Addis Ababa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.012.

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The outbreak of COVID-19 also resulted in moderate changes to the operation of the domestic rice value chain in Ethiopia. These were caused by changing responses of value chain actors (domestic and others engaged in rice imports) to the COVID-19 prevention measures put in place by the government. These changes increased the price of rice, which favoured rice producers and adversely affected urban consumers. This research note assesses household rice consumption patterns in Addis Ababa by comparing the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, using a representative sample of households.
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Ama Pokuaa, Fenny, Aba Obrumah Crentsil, Christian Kwaku Osei, and Felix Ankomah Asante. Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.003.

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This working paper predicts the fiscal and public health outcomes from a change in the excise tax structure for cigarettes in Ghana. More than 5,000 people are killed by diseases caused by tobacco every year in Ghana (Tobacco Atlas 2018). Currently the country has a unitary tax administration approach, with a uniform ad valorem tax structure on all excisable products, including tobacco. However, the ECOWAS directive on tobacco control, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO 2003), recommends a simple tax structure – using a mixed excise system with a minimum specific tax floor to overcome the limitations of an ad valorem system on tobacco products, especially cigarettes. The study therefore simulates mixed tax policy interventions, and assesses their effect on government revenue and public health relative to the current ad valorem tax system. Primary data collection of tobacco prices in three geographical zones of the country was conducted in February 2020, across both rural and urban localities. This was supported with secondary data from national and international databases. Based on the assumption that Ghana adopts a mixed tax structure, the simulation shows that, if the government imposes a specific excise tax of GH₵4.00 (US$0.80) per pack in addition to the current ad valorem rate of 175 per cent of the CIF value, the average retail price of a cigarette pack would increase by 128 per cent, cigarette consumption decrease by 27 per cent, tobacco excise tax revenue increase by 627 per cent, and overall tobacco-related government tax revenue increase by 201 per cent.1 Additionally, there would be significant declines in smoking prevalence (3.3%), smoking intensity (1,448 cigarettes per year), and 3,526 premature smoking-related deaths would be avoided. The paper advocates for a strong tax administration and technical capacity, with continuous commitment by the government to adjust the tax rate in line with the rate of inflation and per capita income growth.
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