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Journal articles on the topic 'Tobit Model and Marginal Products'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bernard, John C., Chao Zhang, and Katie Gifford. "An Experimental Investigation of Consumer Willingness to Pay for Non-GM Foods When an Organic Option Is Present." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 35, no. 2 (2006): 374–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500006808.

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This research compared bids that consumers placed on non genetically modified (GM), organic, and conventional versions of food products in order to determine if the organic market well serves those seeking to avoid GM foods. Auction experiments using potato chips, tortilla chips, and milk chocolate were conducted with 79 subjects. Bids were modeled as a function of consumer demographics using a heteroskedastic tobit regression model. Results with the non-GM attribute nested into the organic characteristic showed that the latter's marginal effects were insignificant. This suggested the potentia

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A.O., Egbetokun, and Ajijola S. "TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF COWPEA PRODUCTION IN OSUN STATE NIGERIA." Continental J. Agricultural Economics 2 (June 16, 2017): 32–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.809977.

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This paper presents the analysis of technical efficiency of cowpea farmers in Osun State Southwest Nigeria, using the stochastic production frontier. The farmers’ average technical efficiency is 87%, which suggest an appreciable use of inputs in productivity. Analysis of technical efficient and some socio-economic variables using tobit regression model is found to be significantly different from zero at 1% for cooperative membership and farming experience. These are farm size, seed, hired labour, family labour, fertilizer and pesticides. It is suggested that farmers should be encouraged to joi

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Kostrzewska, Jadwiga. "Interpretacja w modelach tobitowych." Przegląd Statystyczny. Statistical Review 2011, no. 3-4 (2011): 256–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ps.2011.03-04.7.

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At first the tobit models according to T. Amemiya’s classification ([1]) are presented in the paper. Next, expected values and marginal effects in these models are obtained. In the tobit models marginal effects are not equal to coefficients of the model in general. To get a proper interpretation in the considered models, it is necessary to obtain marginal effects as a partial deviation of the expected values. Moreover, marginal effects are different for binary and continuous variables.

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Pullenayegum, Eleanor M., Jean-Eric Tarride, Feng Xie, and Daria O’Reilly. "Calculating Utility Decrements Associated With an Adverse Event." Medical Decision Making 31, no. 6 (2011): 790–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x10393284.

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Background: When calculating the decreases in health utility associated with adverse events, often a number ofrespondents achieve the upper utility bound of 1. “Marginal” Tobit or CLAD coefficients have been used to account for this. These are calculated by using a Tobit or a CLAD model to estimate the decrease in a latent unbounded variable associated with the event or condition, then to multiply by the proportion of respondents falling below 1 in order to transform back to the utility scale. Objective & Methods: Starting with the Tobit model, we show mathematically that this procedure is

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Wang, Wei, and Michael E. Griswold. "Natural interpretations in Tobit regression models using marginal estimation methods." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 26, no. 6 (2015): 2622–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280215602716.

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The Tobit model, also known as a censored regression model to account for left- and/or right-censoring in the dependent variable, has been used in many areas of applications, including dental health, medical research and economics. The reported Tobit model coefficient allows estimation and inference of an exposure effect on the latent dependent variable. However, this model does not directly provide overall exposure effects estimation on the original outcome scale. We propose a direct-marginalization approach using a reparameterized link function to model exposure and covariate effects directl

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Hoffer, Adam, and Jared A. Pincin. "Quantifying NFL Players’ Value With the Help of Vegas Point Spreads Values." Journal of Sports Economics 20, no. 7 (2019): 959–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002519832060.

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This study develops a new method for converting performance statistics into marginal product by using Las Vegas sportsbooks’ individual point spread values (PSVs) for National Football League players. This sarticle employs a Tobit model due to the prevalence of player PSVs that are 0. We find that quarterbacks dominate the player’s values. Passing yards per game, passing touchdowns, and rushing touchdowns are the only findings that are consistently significantly related to PSVs.

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Wen, Yi, Lingxi Kong, and Gaoxiu Liu. "Big Data Analysis of e-Commerce Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors of Agricultural Products in China." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (December 11, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5708829.

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At present, the e-commerce industry of agricultural products plays a pivotal role in promoting income growth and helping rural revitalization. This paper collected relevant data in the recent 8 years (2012 to 2019) and used the DEA model and Tobit model to analyze the correlation degree between the efficiency and various influencing factors in China. DEA analysis results show that, in recent years, three efficiencies are quite different: the comprehensive efficiency and scale efficiency show an upward trend, while the pure technical efficiency remains at a high level. Tobit model results show

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Noreen, Uzma, and Shabbir Ahmad. "Cost Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity: An Empirical Analysis of Pakistan’s Insurance Sector." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 21, no. 1 (2016): 123–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2016.v21.i1.a5.

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This study uses data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist index to examine the impact of financial sector reforms on the efficiency and productivity of Pakistan’s insurance sector over the period 2000–09. Our results indicate that the sector is cost-inefficient, with an average score of 58 percent – an outcome of the inappropriate use of inputs. The Malmquist productivity index performs better, indicating an improvement in total factor productivity of about 3 percent on average. The second-stage Tobit regression analysis shows that large firms are relatively inefficient from an allocative pe

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Dennis, Donald F. "An Economic Analysis of Harvest Behavior: Integrating Forest and Ownership Characteristics." Forest Science 35, no. 4 (1989): 1088–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/35.4.1088.

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Abstract This study provides insight into the determinants of timber supply from private forests through development of both theoretical and empirical models of harvest behavior. A microeconomic model encompasses the multiple objective nature of private ownership by examining the harvest decision for landowners who derive utility from forest amenities and from income used for the consumption of other goods. Tobit analysis is used to estimate the relationship between harvest behavior and forest, owner, and economic characteristics from cross-sectional data for individual forest plots in New Ham

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Zhang, Pengyang, Lewen Zhang, Dandan Han, Tingting Wang, He Zhu, and Yongtao Chen. "Coupled and Coordinated Development of the Tourism Industry and Urbanization in Marginal and Less Developed Regions—Taking the Mountainous Border Areas of Western Yunnan as a Case Study." Land 12, no. 3 (2023): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12030640.

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Promoting the coupled and coordinated development of China’s tourism industry and urbanization is of great significance for its marginal and less developed regions. Taking a typical marginal and less developed region, the mountainous border areas of Western Yunnan as the research object, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics of the coupling coordination degree of the tourism industry and urbanization, as well as their influencing factors, in this region from 2010 to 2019 using the coupling coordination model, spatial gravity model, and panel Tobit model. The study result

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Liu, Dan, Jia You, Rongbo Wang, and Haiyan Deng. "Agricultural Production Optimization and Marginal Product Response to Climate Change." Agriculture 12, no. 9 (2022): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091403.

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This study introduces a non-parametric approach to estimate the marginal products of agricultural inputs (agricultural land, labor, machinery, fertilizers and pesticides) in Jiangsu province, China. To study the effects of climate change on these marginal products, we used a fixed-effects regression model. The results show an upward trend of inefficiency in Jiangsu’s agricultural production from 2001 to 2018. The marginal products of agricultural land, labor, machinery, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are 1.54 thousand USD per hectare, 0.32 thousand USD per person, 0.31 thousand USD per kW

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Li, Heying, and Jinye Wang. "Research on Cultural Tourism Product Development of “Impression Liu Sanjie” Based on the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 03046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125103046.

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According to the law of diminishing marginal utility, the marginal utility when consumers purchase a certain product shows a diminishing trend. As a special product, cultural tourism products, whether is the marginal utility produced during consumption also affected by the law of diminishing marginal utility. This paper takes “Impression Liu Sanjie” as the research object and uses a linear regression equation model to study the marginal utility of tourists “Impression Liu Sanjie” cultural tourism products. The results show that the marginal utility produced by tourists buying the cultural tour

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Wen, Ue-Pyng, and Yi Chen. "Dynamic Pricing Model for Substitutable Products." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 1, no. 1 (2010): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joris.2010101303.

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A dynamic pricing model in airline seat allocation, where a seller offers two substitutable perishable products in the monopolist market, is proposed in this article. The objective is to maximize the total profit gained from both products. We analyze the problem using a multinomial logit model to describe the customer choice behavior. The exact solution is obtained according to the calculated optimal time thresholds. Sellers can dynamically adjust the price policy in the continuous-time process. We also analyze the efficient price strategy according to the marginal expected revenue function. F

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Bashir, Altamash, Hanne K. Sjølie, and Birger Solberg. "Determinants of Nonindustrial Private Forest Owners’ Willingness to Harvest Timber in Norway." Forests 11, no. 1 (2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010060.

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In Norway, 84% of the productive forest is privately owned, and these forests dominate the supply of timber to industries. However, during last 80 years, annual forest growth has seen a substantial upsurge while annual timber harvest has been rather stable, generating an increasing potential for timber supply. In this study, we provide new insights to better understand Norwegian non-industrial private forest owners’ timber harvesting decisions. This was achieved by comparing the outcomes of two different statistical approaches (i.e., a combination of probit-linear models with a tobit model). T

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Kiswanto (Universitas Indonesia), Edi. "PERILAKU EKSPOR DAN PRODUKTIVITAS PADA USAHA MANUFAKTUR MIKRO DAN KECIL DI INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN MODEL LIMITED DEPENDENT." Jurnal Manajemen Industri dan Logistik 5, no. 1 (2021): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30988/jmil.v5i1.652.

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AbstractThis study examines the role of productivity in explaining Indonesian micro and small manufacturing firms’ export behavior based on a firm-level dataset of micro and small manufacturing survey year 2015 (VIMK15) from Statistics Indonesia. By utilizing the Probit and Tobit model, this study analyses the role of the firm’s productivity, which is proxied by labor productivity and output to cost ratio, on determining firms’ export participation and intensity. The other factor related to productivity and firms’ characteristic is also used as control variables. This study found that labor pr

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Wang, Junyao. "Study of the Impact of Housing Provident Fund on Urban Households’ Investment in Risky Financial Assets." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 13, no. 1 (2024): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/p2qgms50.

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Based on the 2019 CHFS data, this paper utilizes the Tobit model to consider the impact of housing provident fund on urban households' investment in risky financial assets and its mechanism of action. The results show that holding housing provident fund is increases the investment ratio of urban households for financial products and risky financial assets, and there are differences in household income levels and financial literacy. Further research found that housing provident fund significantly increases urban households’ future expectations and happiness, and thus increases the investment ra

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Li, Zhiqian. "A Data-Driven Assortment and Inventory Planning Model." Transactions on Economics, Business and Management Research 8 (August 8, 2024): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/4bmhn308.

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In this research article, we investigate a challenge pertaining to shelf-stocking allocation, specifically the scenario where the distribution of demand is unknown. However, a collection of predicted demand figures is at hand. The retailer is required to decide on the products to place on each shelf (ensuring placement) and determine the quantities of those products (ensuring stocking) while abiding by allocation and space limitations. The primary objective is to achieve the highest possible total expected profit. We conduct three experiments and observe how the products react to changes in ma

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ADEYEMI, Toyin Rebecca, Funke Iyabo OLAGUNJU, and Laudia Titilola OGUNNIYI. "Determinants of the adoption of improved packaging materials amongst tomato farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria." Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources Journal 3, no. 2 (2024): 239–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14166328.

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<em>The sustainability of tomato freshness relies heavily on improved packaging materials, which protect tomatoes from physical damage during transportation and storage. This study examines the determinants of the adoption of improved packaging materials among tomato farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. Using a multi-stage random sampling technique, 120 respondents were selected from three Local Government Areas known for tomato cultivation. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to randomly chosen farmers. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, standard deviatio

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Song, Xiaoyun, Huijun Wang, Chang Su, et al. "Secular Trends in Time-of-Day of Energy Intake in a Chinese Cohort." Nutrients 14, no. 10 (2022): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102019.

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Few studies have described the status and change of time-of-day of energy intake on a population level. This study aims to investigate the secular trend in time-of-day of energy intake using a Chinese cohort, and to examine demographic disparities in trends. A total of 20,976 adults with at least two waves of dietary data in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS 1991–2018) were included. A multilevel linear mixed model was applied to the energy proportions of breakfast, lunch and dinner. A multilevel Tobit regression model was applied to the energy proportion of morning snack, afternoon

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Fields, Deacue, and Jeffrey Gillespie. "Beef Producer Preferences and Purchase Decisions for Livestock Price Insurance." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 40, no. 3 (2008): 789–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800002339.

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Personal interviews were conducted with beef cattle producers in Louisiana to determine their preferences and purchase decisions for livestock price insurance. Conjoint analysis was utilized to determine the importance of selected attributes of insurance policies for these producers. The characteristics of producers who prefer given attributes were also identified. Producers rated products given four economic situations to evaluate. A two-limit tobit model was used to estimate the part worth utility values for each attribute. Univariate probit models were estimated to evaluate the influence of

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Qi, Wei, Xinggang Luo, Xuwang Liu, Yang Yu, and Zhongliang Zhang. "Product Line Pricing under Marginal Moment Model with Network Effect." Complexity 2019 (February 18, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6104805.

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The complex network effect of the product exhibits has a significant impact on the product line optimization design. The multinomial logit (MNL) model which is used to simulate consumer choice behavior is applied in most of product line optimization problems. However, its assumptions, independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) and the same Gumbel distribution of random error terms, are usually difficult to be met in practice. The marginal moment model (MMM) can be used when the mean and variance of consumer’s utility error are known. The MMM not only has weak assumption conditions but also

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Lee, Seung-Gil. "Estimating the omnivore and univore for cultural service products : Comparative analysis of Tobit and double-hurdle model." International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research 32, no. 2 (2018): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21298/ijthr.2018.02.32.2.67.

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Lauderdale, Benjamin E. "Compound Poisson—Gamma Regression Models for Dollar Outcomes That Are Sometimes Zero." Political Analysis 20, no. 3 (2012): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mps018.

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Political scientists often study dollar-denominated outcomes that are zero for some observations. These zeros can arise because the data-generating process is granular: The observed outcome results from aggregation of a small number of discrete projects or grants, each of varying dollar size. This article describes the use of a compound distribution in which each observed outcome is the sum of a Poisson—distributed number of gamma distributed quantities, a special case of the Tweedie distribution. Regression models based on this distribution estimate loglinear marginal effects without either t

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Williams, Colin C., and Ardiana Gashi. "Formal Institutional Failings and Informal Employment: Evidence from the Western Balkans." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 17, no. 2 (2022): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2022-0016.

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Abstract Institutional theory has explained informal employment to result from formal institutional failings. The aim of this paper is to identify the formal institutional failings associated with informal employment so that action can be taken by governments. Using the Tobit model for econometric analysis and reporting conditional and unconditional marginal effects of the 2021 Balkans Business Barometer survey conducted in six Western Balkan economies (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia), the contribution of this paper is to reveal that the perceiv

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Che, Junwen, Shenghe Zhou, Rui Shan, Hui Jia, and Zheng Liu. "Optimal Pricing Model of Environmental Quality Index Futures from the Perspective of Green Finance." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (August 28, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6951040.

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In order to establish the optimal price of low-carbon products and set the optimal target carbon emissions in the production cycle so as to maximize profits, this paper proposes the optimal pricing model of environmental quality index futures from the perspective of green finance. This paper mainly studies the optimal pricing and carbon emission strategy of low-carbon products of a single enterprise under the carbon trading system based on the quota system. When enterprises join the carbon trading system, how to optimally determine their target carbon emissions in the production cycle and the

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Castro Mejía, Percy Junior, Rogger Orlando Morán Santamaría, Yefferson Llonto Caicedo, et al. "Evaluation of the impact of the educational revolution in Peru and the gender wage gap, 2017-2021." F1000Research 13 (August 5, 2024): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.153475.1.

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Background Women’s educational attainment and their generation of value through education has increased the prospects for achieving economic equality between men and women. However, women continue to earn lower wages than men, reflecting growing inequality in several countries. Therefore, the objective of the study is to estimate the impact of education on the gender wage gap in Peru over the period 2017-2021. Methods Quantitative, explanatory study aimed at identifying the impact of education on the gender wage gap in Peru during the period 2017-2021. The research design is non-experimental a

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Xu, Rongbang, Fujie Yang, Sanmang Wu, and Qinwen Xue. "Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Drivers of Carbon Emission Efficiency in China’s Iron and Steel Industry." Sustainability 16, no. 12 (2024): 4902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16124902.

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Improving the carbon emission efficiency (CEE) of the iron and steel industry (ISI) is crucial for China to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. This study employed the undesirable SBM and Dagum Gini coefficient to measure the ISI’s CEE and analyzed the spatial heterogeneity among three regions of China. This study also used the Tobit model to clarify the influencing factors. The conclusions show that (1) the CEE in eastern provinces is the highest, the central ones rank second, while the western ones rank the worst; the promoting effect of Technical Change is greater than th

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He, Yixiong, Weiming Song, and Fan Yang. "Research on the Supply Efficiency of Marine Ecological Products in the Yangtze River Delta Costal Urban Agglomerations Based on DEA-Tobit Model." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (2021): 6840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126840.

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In this research, we choose the coastal cities in the Yangtze River Delta as the subjects of study, including Shanghai, Lianyungang, Yancheng, Nantong, Jiaxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan, Taizhou, and Wenzhou, nine cities in total. With marine ecological products as the starting point and the supply efficiency of marine ecological products in each city as the subjects of research, and after collecting a quantity of data and by constructing the efficiency analyzing modes, we analyze the supply efficiency of those cities with the involved supplying service, cultural service, and value of regulating servi

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Li, Feng Xu, Yue Fang Yang, Fei Wei, and Feng Wei. "Study on Multi-Vehicle Refrigerated Distribution of Agricultural Products with Soft Time Windows." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 2002–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.2002.

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To the distribution status of agricultural products, this paper proposes a multiple-type vehicles refrigerated distribution route optimization model with soft time windows, innovatively considering that different type vehicles have different marginal and travel costs, and applies genetic algorithm to solve it. Finally, this paper uses an example to check the model, and proves that the model is feasible and effective.

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Jin, Hyun Joung, and Hyunseok Dara Oh. "Effect of Arts and Culture Education on the Consumption of Cultural Arts Products using A Multivariate Tobit Model." Korea Association of Business Education 31, no. 6 (2016): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23839/kabe.2016.31.6.203.

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Brown, Mark G., and Jong-Yinq Lee. "A Uniform Substitute Demand Model with Varying Coefficients." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 32, no. 1 (2000): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800027772.

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AbstractThis study extends Batten's synthetic demand modeling approach to increase the flexibility of the uniform substitute specification of the Rotterdam demand system. Marginal propensities to consume (MPC) vary with budget shares and Slutsky coefficients are defined in terms of varying MPCs. An application of the model to orange-juice products shows that the pattern of income and price elasticities over time is much different than when MPCs are restricted to be constant.

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Mulenga, Brian P., Robert B. Richardson, Gelson Tembo, and Lawrence Mapemba. "Rural household participation in markets for non-timber forest products in Zambia." Environment and Development Economics 19, no. 4 (2013): 487–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x13000569.

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AbstractNon-timber forest products (NTFPs) support livelihoods in rural communities through provision of food, fuel, materials, medicines and income from sales. We estimated the contribution of NTFPs to rural household income in Zambia, and used a two-stage tobit alternative model to identify the factors associated with participation in NTFP markets. NTFPs accounted for 35 per cent of household income for participating households, second only to trading. Human capital variables and the value of assets were found to be significant determinants of both participation in business activities relate

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Huang, Zhanbing, and Yu Lu. "Analysis of asset risk and household Financial Asset Allocation structure—Empirical analysis from a nonlinear model." E3S Web of Conferences 235 (2021): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123501039.

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Chinese households now have a good understanding of finance and their asset allocation choices are increasingly skewed towards financial products. At present, most domestic and foreign researches on the structure and choice of household asset allocation mainly analyze the influence of residents’ characteristics or financial literacy on household asset allocation, while few researches on the internal relationship between household risk, asset structure and allocation choice. Based on CHFS data and the theory of asset investment behavior, this paper systematically analyzes and risk assets and fa

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Nonaka, Tomomi, and Nobutada Fujii. "An EOQ Model for Reuse and Recycling Considering the Balance of Supply and Demand." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 3 (2015): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0303.

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Inventory management in reverse logistics is more complex than that in conventional logistics because of uncontrollable factors such as inventory levels increasing from reverse logistics, greater-than-expected disposal, and balance of supply and demand with changing market trends. This paper proposes a new economic order quantity (EOQ) model for reuse and recycling by expanding the EOQ model proposed by Dobos and Richter, 2004. The proposed model introduces a sequentially accumulated marginal reuse rate as a parameter in considering the balance of product demand and supply. The marginal reuse

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Ngan, Hoang Vu, Thi Hai Nguyen Hanh, author) Hue Thi Hoang (Corresponding, and Ngoc Nguyen Mai. "Innovation in Small and Medium Enterprises in Vietnam: The Role of Human Resource Management." International Journal of Business Management and Technology 4, no. 1 (2023): 01–06. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7659834.

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This study aims to analyze the impact of human resource management practices on innovation of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam in the dynamic and competitive environment. The study uses the data collected by Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM) in 2011, 2013 and 2015. By using the Tobit model, the results show that Human Resource Management (HRM) practices positively influence innovation of SMEs, and the most significant relation to innovation is training. Based on the findings, small and medium firms in Vietnam need to manage human resource effectively by some activi

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Graybeal, Dale K. "Variation in Marginal Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer between Locations." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 32, no. 2 (2000): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800020435.

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AbstractA logistic growth equation with time and location varying parameters was used to model corn response to applied nitrogen. A nonlinear dummy-variable regression model provided a parsimonious representation of site and time effects on parameter values. The model was used to test for the equality of the mean marginal product of nitrogen fertilizer between locations on the coastal plain of North Carolina. Monte Carlo simulation and bootstrap simulation were used to construct finite sample covariance estimates. Results support rejection of the hypothesis that mean marginal products are equa

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Guo, Chunxiang, and Hong Zhou. "The Selection and Pricing of Mixed Multi-Channel Marketing Model for Mid-High Wines Under Experience Driven." Journal of Systems Science and Information 7, no. 1 (2019): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21078/jssi-2019-037-17.

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Abstract The experience of consumers for products has great effect on the pre-sale strategy. Based on this, the paper studies the selection and pricing of multi-channel marketing models consisting of a brewer, an electronic retailer and a traditional retailer, constructing the non-cooperative game model of brewers and retailers with equal status in four contexts. Finally, the result shows that the introduction of direct channel is beneficial to increase the brewer’s revenue. When the pre-sale marginal revenue is greater than two times the average spot-sale marginal revenue, the total profit of

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Wang, Xue, Deqing Ma, and Jinsong Hu. "Recycling Model Selection for Electronic Products considering Platform Power and Blockchain Empowerment." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (2022): 6136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106136.

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This paper considers a dynamic platform-based, closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and an online platform. As an online distributor of the manufacturer, the platform expands the market scale by exerting the platform power. At the same time, to solve the problem of inconsistency between the actual recycling amount and the theoretical recycling amount in the recycling process of waste electronic products, the whole-process supervision of waste products is carried out with the help of blockchain technology, which is difficult to tamper with and is traceable. With the help of dif

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Gitto, Lara, and Maria Daniela Giammanco. "Do higher levels of uncertainty in illness reduce the perceived health related quality of life of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients?" European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 3, no. 4 (2015): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v3i4.1037.

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Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) represents one of the most common causes of neurological disability and the unpredictability and severity of its manifestations determine uncertainty in illness. While MS patients’ Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) has been frequently assessed, the impact of uncertainty on HRQoL has not been adequately considered to date. The objective of the study was to reduce this gap in the literature.Design: One hundred and twenty patients with relapsing-remittingMS were interviewed in order to gather information about their assessment of HRQoL, measured with the V

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Tesema, Tolesa. "Determinants of Production Efficiency of Maize-Dominated Farmers in Western Parts of Ethiopia in Gudeya Bila District: Evidence under Shifting Cultivation Area." Scientific World Journal 2022 (April 26, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3355224.

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Background. In Ethiopia, maize is produced as major food crop that is based on traditional methods of production, and there exists inefficiency in the use of available scarce resources. Thus, poor people are failing to achieve rapid economic growth, development, and food security still today in the country. Hence, the best possible means of achieving development is through increasing the production efficiency of farmers. Thus, to estimate the levels of production efficiency, this study specifically used only data of farmers who are producing without ploughing by oxen and without using fertiliz

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Tesema, Tolesa. "Determinants of Production Efficiency of Maize-Dominated Farmers in Western Parts of Ethiopia in Gudeya Bila District: Evidence under Shifting Cultivation Area." Scientific World Journal 2022 (April 26, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3355224.

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Background. In Ethiopia, maize is produced as major food crop that is based on traditional methods of production, and there exists inefficiency in the use of available scarce resources. Thus, poor people are failing to achieve rapid economic growth, development, and food security still today in the country. Hence, the best possible means of achieving development is through increasing the production efficiency of farmers. Thus, to estimate the levels of production efficiency, this study specifically used only data of farmers who are producing without ploughing by oxen and without using fertiliz

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Mehmood, Waqas, Sami Ullah, Shoaib Nasir, Mudasir Yasin, Abd ur Rehman, and Muhammad Arqam Iqbal. "Consumer Awareness and Willingness to Pay for Dried Mangoes: Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of Economic Impact 5, no. 1 (2023): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jei5012312.

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Dried fruits are a popular and convenient snack option for many consumers, providing a nutritious alternative to processed snacks. Thus, consumer demand for dried fruits has significantly increased worldwide due to increasing health consciousness and a growing interest in natural and organic food products. Though Pakistan is one of the world's largest producers of mangoes, dried mangoes are a relatively new product in the country’s markets. Hence, the study’s objective is to understand consumers' awareness and willingness to pay (WTP) for dried mangoes which is crucial for producers and market

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Ivan, Tkach, and Malanchuk Maryna. "THE EVOLUTION OF THE THEORY OF PRICING AND ITS IMPACT ON THE FORMATION OF THE PRICE OF MILITARY PRODUCTS." Social development & Security 2, no. 2 (2017): 76–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1145389.

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<em>The article analyzes the development of the theory of prices and pricing, discussed the theory of labor value theory of marginal utility and ending with modern neoclassical synthesis areas that constitute the theoretical basis of modern research market economy. There are knowledge of the economic nature of the price is marked by the following milestones: the quantitative theory of money, which has become widespread in the form of "equation of exchange" (MV = PQ); the theory of labor value determines the price as a monetary expression of the value of the goods, this model price wa

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Alexander, Rymanov. "Differential land rent and agricultural taxation." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 63, No. 9 (2017): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/127/2016-agricecon.

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The paper addresses the influence of various types of taxes on changes in differential (Ricardian) land rent, and the economic performance of agricultural producers. Labour and capital taxes lead to higher prices for agricultural products, causing a decrease in consumer demand and lower income for agricultural producers (mostly utilizing marginal land). A polynomial single-product model has been used to demonstrate that reducing the tax burden on agricultural producers – specifically taxes on labour and capital – will result in increases in differential land rents on the average and relatively

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Osburn, Meagan, Rodney B. Holcomb, and Clinton L. Neill. "Masked Heterogeneity in Aggregation: Incorporating Beliefs and Geographic Information into Consumer Willingness to Pay for State Brands." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 52, no. 4 (2020): 527–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2020.17.

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AbstractState marketing programs for food and agricultural products are largely driven by consumers’ desires to purchase in-state products. Evaluations of state marketing programs have largely ignored consumer location and proximity to surrounding states, measures of ethnocentrism, and the presence of other geographic marketing labels. This study examines willingness to pay for own and out-of-state labels for a generic commodity, milk, within an eight-state region. The results show that an aggregate model conceals consumer heterogeneity in marginal willingness to pay values for state brands as

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Wang, Qiao, Meixian Wei, Nan Wang, and Qiuhua Chen. "The Impact of Human Capital and Tourism Industry Agglomeration on China’s Tourism Eco-Efficiency: An Analysis Based on the Undesirable Super-SBM-ML Model." Sustainability 16, no. 16 (2024): 6918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16166918.

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Tourism eco-efficiency has played a significantly essential role in the sustainable development of tourism destinations and tourism industries, providing ideal inputs and outputs amidst the deepening environmental crisis. This study evaluates the development level of tourism eco-efficiency using the Super-SBM model with undesirable outputs, employing the Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) index to analyse the internal optimisation forces of tourism eco-efficiency. Furthermore, human capital is assessed through both horizontal and vertical education levels, followed by a panel Tobit econometric analysis

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Cherevko, Heorhiy. "COMPETITIVENESS OF PRODUCERS IN THE AGRICULTURE OF UKRAINE." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4073.

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The purpose of the study was to identify trends in the development of modern Ukraine’s agriculture and outline ways of increasing competitiveness of all producer types under conditions of agricultural dualization and marginal groups of enterprise polarization. Ukraine’s agriculture has fast obtained a significant sum of money, thus contributing to the intensification of investment and a transfer of capital to this industry, to a large extent, because the general trends in agriculture development are characterized by a deepening of its dualization and polarization in two major producer sectors

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Zhu, Xiaodong, and Lingfei Yu. "Differential Pricing Decision and Coordination of Green Electronic Products from the Perspective of Service Heterogeneity." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7 (2018): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8071207.

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Consumers focus on level of service while purchasing electronic products. This study focuses on consumer buying behavior. We determine the Stackelberg outcome for a market when a durable electronic product has three different forms: new product, remanufactured product and refurbished product. Under the dynamic game model, the optimal differential pricing strategy is implemented, and the double marginal effect is coordinated through a revenue-sharing contract and two toll contracts to increase the system’s revenue capacity. Our research shows that as the degree of consumer preference increases,

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Serasinghe, Prasad. "Willingness to pay for conservation of wetland ecosystem: Case of Mudun Ela and Kalu Oya Watersheds of Western Province, Sri Lanka." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 6 (December 31, 2018): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v6i0.30125.

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The wetland ecosystem provides a number of social and economic benefits for people. This importance is often neglected or undervalued and therefore wetlands are in a serious risk today. Specially, in relation to human activities and unwise utilization, wetlands around the globe are being modified, reclaimed and over-exploited due to high levels of resource consumption, land conversion and also upstream developments that alter the quality and flow of water that feeds into wetlands. Decision makers often have a little understanding of the environmental value of wetlands because wetlands are ofte

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Liu, Xuemei, and Haojun Qiu. "Impact of sanitary and phytosanitary measures on agri-products quality upgrading and environmental protection." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0297787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297787.

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Protecting human, animal, and plant life or health from additives, toxins, and contaminants in agri-products and promoting green free trade are the main components of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures. However, the SPS measures are heterogeneous. This study examines the impact of SPS measures on the measured export quality and discusses their influence on the environmental protection of the exporting country. International heterogeneous measures do not necessarily promote quality upgrading but greatly increase transaction costs. By contrast, China’s agri-product’ quality upgrading and

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