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Journal articles on the topic 'TOC complex'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Ramundo, Silvia, Yukari Asakura, Patrice A. Salomé, et al. "Coexpressed subunits of dual genetic origin define a conserved supercomplex mediating essential protein import into chloroplasts." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 51 (2020): 32739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014294117.

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In photosynthetic eukaryotes, thousands of proteins are translated in the cytosol and imported into the chloroplast through the concerted action of two translocons—termed TOC and TIC—located in the outer and inner membranes of the chloroplast envelope, respectively. The degree to which the molecular composition of the TOC and TIC complexes is conserved over phylogenetic distances has remained controversial. Here, we combine transcriptomic, biochemical, and genetic tools in the green alga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) to demonstrate that, despite a lack of evident sequence conservat

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2

Sohrt, Karen, and Jürgen Soll. "Toc64, a New Component of the Protein Translocon of Chloroplasts." Journal of Cell Biology 148, no. 6 (2000): 1213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.6.1213.

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A subunit of the preprotein translocon of the outer envelope of chloroplasts (Toc complex) of 64 kD is described, Toc64. Toc64 copurifies on sucrose density gradients with the isolated Toc complex. Furthermore, it can be cross-linked in intact chloroplasts to a high molecular weight complex containing both Toc and Tic subunits and a precursor protein. The 0 Å cross-linker CuCl2 yields the reversible formation of disulfide bridge(s) between Toc64 and the established Toc complex subunits in purified outer envelope membranes. Toc64 contains three tetratricopeptide repeat motifs that are exposed a

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3

Chang, Wai-Ling, Jürgen Soll, and Bettina Bölter. "The gateway to chloroplast: re-defining the function of chloroplast receptor proteins." Biological Chemistry 393, no. 11 (2012): 1263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2012-0235.

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Abstract Chloroplast biogenesis often requires a tight orchestration between gene expression (both plastidial and nuclear) and translocation of ∼3000 nuclear-encoded proteins into the organelle. Protein translocation is achieved via two multimeric import machineries at the outer (TOC) and inner (TIC) envelope of chloroplast, respectively. Three components constitute the core element of the TOC complex: a β-barrel protein translocation channel Toc75 and two receptor constituents, Toc159 and Toc34. A diverse set of distinct TOC complexes have recently been characterized and these diversified TOC

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4

Kikuchi, Shingo, Jocelyn Bédard, Minako Hirano, et al. "Uncovering the Protein Translocon at the Chloroplast Inner Envelope Membrane." Science 339, no. 6119 (2013): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1229262.

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Chloroplasts require protein translocons at the outer and inner envelope membranes, termed TOC and TIC, respectively, to import thousands of cytoplasmically synthesized preproteins. However, the molecular identity of the TIC translocon remains controversial. Tic20 forms a 1-megadalton complex at the inner membrane and directly interacts with translocating preproteins. We purified the 1-megadalton complex from Arabidopsis, comprising Tic20 and three other essential components, one of which is encoded by the enigmatic open reading frame ycf1 in the chloroplast genome. All four components, togeth

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5

Becker, Thomas, Marko Jelic, Aleksandar Vojta, Alfons Radunz, Jürgen Soll, and Enrico Schleiff. "Preprotein recognition by the Toc complex." EMBO Journal 23, no. 3 (2004): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7600089.

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6

Hiltbrunner, A., J. Bauer, M. Alvarez-Huerta, and F. Kessler. "Protein translocon at the Arabidopsis outer chloroplast membrane." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 79, no. 5 (2001): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o01-145.

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Chloroplasts are organelles essential for the photoautotrophic growth of plants. Their biogenesis from undifferentiated proplastids is triggered by light and requires the import of hundreds of different precursor proteins from the cytoplasm. Cleavable N-terminal transit sequences target the precursors to the chloroplast where translocon complexes at the outer (Toc complex) and inner (Tic complex) envelope membranes enable their import. In pea, the Toc complex is trimeric consisting of two surface-exposed GTP-binding proteins (Toc159 and Toc34) involved in precursor recognition and Toc75 formin

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Ogawa, Shigesaburo, Mai Shinkawa, Ryuji Hirase, Taro Tsubomura, Katsuya Iuchi, and Setsuko Hara. "Development of Water-Insoluble Vehicle Comprising Natural Cyclodextrin—Vitamin E Complex." Antioxidants 10, no. 3 (2021): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030490.

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Development of a novel antioxidant-delivery vehicle exerting biosafety has been attracting a great deal of interest. In this study, a vehicle comprising a natural composite consisting of vitamin E (α-tocopherol; Toc) and cyclodextrin (CD) additives was developed, directed toward aqua-related biological applications. Not only β-CD, but also γ-CD, tended to form a water-insoluble aggregate with Toc in aqueous media. The aggregated vehicle, in particular the γ-CD-added system, showed a remarkable sustained effect because of slow dynamics. Furthermore, a prominent cytoprotective effect by the γ-CD

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8

Srinivasan, Karthik, Runrun Wu, Adrian Gonzalez, and Nicholas Noinaj. "Towards the architecture of the TOC protein complex." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, a1 (2019): a349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767319096600.

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9

Andrès, Charles, Birgit Agne, and Felix Kessler. "The TOC complex: Preprotein gateway to the chloroplast." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1803, no. 6 (2010): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.03.004.

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10

Jouhet, Juliette, and John C. Gray. "Is chloroplast import of photosynthesis proteins facilitated by an actin-TOC-TIC-VIPP1 complex?" Plant Signaling & Behavior 4, no. 10 (2009): 986–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/psb.4.10.9665.

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11

Karakas, Zeynep, Yasin Yilmaz, Dolay Damla Celik, Agageldi Annayev, Selcan Demirel, and Serap Erdem Kuruca. "Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Transfusion Dependent and Nondependent Beta Thalassemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 4573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4573.4573.

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Abstract Background: The patients with β-thalassemia are usually under oxidative stress due to iron overload as a result of ineffective erythropoiesis and repeated transfusions. The endogen (uric acid, indirect bilirubin) and exogenous (ascorbic acid and vitamin E) antioxidants protect the cells from oxidative damage. The evaluation of antioxidant defense system can be easily done by measuring serum total antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study is to investigate the total oxidant (TOC) and antioxidant capacity (TAC) of patients with transfusion dependent (TDT) and nondependent (NTDT) β -th

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12

Hiltbrunner, Andreas, Jörg Bauer, Pierre-Alexandre Vidi, et al. "Targeting of an abundant cytosolic form of the protein import receptor at Toc159 to the outer chloroplast membrane." Journal of Cell Biology 154, no. 2 (2001): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200104022.

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Chloroplast biogenesis requires the large-scale import of cytosolically synthesized precursor proteins. A trimeric translocon (Toc complex) containing two homologous GTP-binding proteins (atToc33 and atToc159) and a channel protein (atToc75) facilitates protein translocation across the outer envelope membrane. The mechanisms governing function and assembly of the Toc complex are not yet understood. This study demonstrates that atToc159 and its pea orthologue exist in an abundant, previously unrecognized soluble form, and partition between cytosol-containing soluble fractions and the chloroplas

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13

Smith, Matthew D. "Protein import into chloroplasts: an ever-evolving storyThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Plant Cell Biology." Canadian Journal of Botany 84, no. 4 (2006): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b06-050.

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Chloroplasts are but one type of a diverse group of essential organelles that distinguish plant cells and house many critical biochemical pathways, including photosynthesis. The biogenesis of plastids is essential to plant growth and development and relies on the targeting and import of thousands of nuclear-encoded proteins from the cytoplasm. The import of the vast majority of these proteins is dependent on translocons located in the outer and inner envelope membranes of the chloroplast, termed the Toc and Tic complexes, respectively. The core components of the Toc and Tic complexes have been

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14

Stanga, John P., Kanokporn Boonsirichai, John C. Sedbrook, Marisa S. Otegui, and Patrick H. Masson. "A Role for the TOC Complex in Arabidopsis Root Gravitropism." Plant Physiology 149, no. 4 (2009): 1896–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.135301.

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15

Yu, Z. T., X. J. Wang, E. L. Zhang, C. Y. Zhao, and X. Q. Liu. "Spatial distribution and sources of organic carbon in the surface sediment of Bosten Lake, China." Biogeosciences 12, no. 22 (2015): 6605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6605-2015.

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Abstract. Lake sediment is an important carbon reservoir. However, little is known on the dynamics and sources of sediment organic carbon in Bosten Lake. We collected 13 surface (0–2 cm) sediment samples in Bosten Lake and analyzed total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), stable carbon isotopic composition in TOC (δ13Corg), and grain size. We found a large spatial variability in TOC content (1.8–4.4 %) and δ 13Corg value (−26.77 to −23.98 ‰). Using a three-end-member mixing model with measured TOC : TN ratio and δ13Corg, we estimated that 54–90 % of TOC was from autochthonous sources.

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16

Yu, Z. T., X. J. Wang, E. L. Zhang, C. Y. Zhao, and H. Y. Lan. "Spatial distribution and sources of organic carbon in the surface sediment of the Bosten Lake, China." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 16 (2015): 13793–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-13793-2015.

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Abstract. Lake sediment is an important carbon reservoir. However, little is known on the dynamics and sources of sediment organic carbon in the Bosten Lake. We collected 13 surface (0–2 cm) sediment samples in the Bosten Lake and analyzed total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), stable carbon isotopic composition in TOC (δ13Corg) and grain size. We found a large spatial variability in TOC content (1.8–4.4 %) and δ13Corg value (−26.77 to −23.98 ‰). Using a three end member mixing model with measured TOC : TN ratio and δ13Corg, we estimated that 54–90 % of TOC was from autochthonous sou

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17

Smith, Matthew D., Andreas Hiltbrunner, Felix Kessler, and Danny J. Schnell. "The targeting of the atToc159 preprotein receptor to the chloroplast outer membrane is mediated by its GTPase domain and is regulated by GTP." Journal of Cell Biology 159, no. 5 (2002): 833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200208017.

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The multimeric translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (Toc) initiates the recognition and import of nuclear-encoded preproteins into chloroplasts. Two Toc GTPases, Toc159 and Toc33/34, mediate preprotein recognition and regulate preprotein translocation. Although these two proteins account for the requirement of GTP hydrolysis for import, the functional significance of GTP binding and hydrolysis by either GTPase has not been defined. A recent study indicates that Toc159 is equally distributed between a soluble cytoplasmic form and a membrane-inserted form, raising the possib

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18

Maini, Rishma, Sandra Mounier-Jack, and Josephine Borghi. "How to and how not to develop a theory of change to evaluate a complex intervention: reflections on an experience in the Democratic Republic of Congo." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 1 (2018): e000617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000617.

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Theories of change (ToCs) describe how interventions can bring about long-term outcomes through a logical sequence of intermediate outcomes and have been used to design and measure the impact of public health programmes in several countries. In recognition of their capacity to provide a framework for monitoring and evaluation, they are being increasingly employed in the development sector. The construction of a ToC typically occurs through a consultative process, requiring stakeholders to reflect on how their programmes can bring about change. ToCs help make explicit any underlying assumptions

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19

Li, Cheng-Peng, Ya-Ping Li, Qing-Qing Huo, et al. "Comparison of Prokaryotic Communities Associated with Different TOC Concentrations in Dianchi Lake." Water 12, no. 9 (2020): 2557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092557.

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The effect of total organic carbon (TOC) on the prokaryotic community structure in situ has been rarely known. This study aimed to determine the effect of TOC level on the composition and networks of archaeal and bacterial communities in the sediments of Dianchi Lake, one of the most eutrophic lakes in China. Microbial assemblages showed significantly associations with TOC. Moreover, relatively high and low TOC formed taxonomic differences in prokaryotic assemblages. According to the results, the most abundant bacteria across all samples were identified as members of the phyla Proteobacteria,

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20

Agne, Birgit, and Felix Kessler. "Protein transport in organelles: The Toc complex way of preprotein import." FEBS Journal 276, no. 5 (2009): 1156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06873.x.

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21

Gagat, Przemysław, and Paweł Mackiewicz. "Protein translocons in photosynthetic organelles of Paulinella chromatophora." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 83, no. 4 (2014): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2014.053.

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The rhizarian amoeba <em>Paulinella chromatophora</em> harbors two photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbionts (chromatophores), acquired independently of primary plastids of glaucophytes, red algae and green plants. These endosymbionts have lost many essential genes, and transferred substantial number of genes to the host nuclear genome via endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT), including those involved in photosynthesis. This indicates that, similar to primary plastids, <em>Paulinella</em> endosymbionts must have evolved a transport system to import their EGT-derived prot

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22

Schwenkert, Serena, Sophie Dittmer, and Jürgen Soll. "Structural components involved in plastid protein import." Essays in Biochemistry 62, no. 1 (2018): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20170093.

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Import of preproteins into chloroplasts is an essential process, requiring two major multisubunit protein complexes that are embedded in the outer and inner chloroplast envelope membrane. Both the translocon of the outer chloroplast membrane (Toc), as well as the translocon of the inner chloroplast membrane (Tic) have been studied intensively with respect to their individual subunit compositions, functions and regulations. Recent advances in crystallography have increased our understanding of the operation of these proteins in terms of their interactions and regulation by conformational switch

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23

Tan, Shung K., Anand Sanmugam, Mahmoud Danaee, et al. "Transition of Care in Paediatric Surgery: Current practices and perspectives of paediatric surgeons in Malaysia." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 19, no. 4 (2019): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2019.19.04.011.

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Objectives: Transition of care (TOC) from paediatric to adult care is still at an early stage in Malaysia. This study aimed to explore current practices and perspectives regarding TOC among paediatric surgeons in Malaysia. Methods: This study was carried out between June and December 2017. All 48 paediatric surgeons currently working in Malaysia were invited to participate in a questionnaire-based survey to assess demographic characteristics and practices and perspectives regarding TOC. Results: A total of 38 paediatric surgeons participated in the survey (response rate: 79.2%). Overall, 97.4%

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Tilman, Bodo. "Chloroplast signal length requirement reflects the outer membrane and TOC complex dimension." Periodicum Biologorum 117, no. 3 (2015): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18054/pb.2015.117.3.1002.

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25

Wen, Zhang, Zhang Ya-Ming, Chen Jinbo, and Leng Kaijun. "Research on a scheduling mechanism in a complex system based on TOC." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 89 (August 2016): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2015.12.017.

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Li, Bing, Yongchun Dong, Zhizhong Ding, Yiming Xu, and Chi Zou. "Renovation and Reuse of Reactive Dyeing Effluent by a Novel Heterogeneous Fenton System Based on Metal Modified PTFE Fibrous Catalyst/H2O2." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/169493.

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Cu-Fe bimetallic grafted polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fiber complexes were prepared and optimized as the novel heterogeneous Fenton catalysts for the degradation of reactive dyes under UV irradiation. Cotton fabrics were dyed with three reactive dyes, namely, Reactive Red 195, Reactive Yellow 145, and Reactive Blue 222, in tap fresh water using exhaustion process. The spent dyeing effluents were then collected and degraded with the optimized Cu-Fe bimetallic grafted PTFE fiber complex/H2O2system. The treated dyeing effluents were characterized and reused for the dyeing of cotton fabrics thro

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HALEVI, GIDEON. "PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT — SIMPLE OR COMPLEX." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 01, no. 04 (2004): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877004000313.

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Theoretical production planning and scheduling is actually very simple task: The plant gets orders which defines the product, the quantity and delivery dates. The resources of the plants are known, the product bill of material is known and the task of production scheduling is to make sure that the orders will be ready on time, that's all. It seems strange that in order to meet this simple task, over 100 complex production planning methods were proposed. Some of the outstanding ones are: PICS; MRP; ERP; GT; TOC; FMS; IMS; CIM; CE; JIT; Kanaban; TQM; Agent…, AGILE etc. Yet the search for "THE" m

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Kruk, J., K. Burda, A. Radunz, K. Strzałka та G. H. Schmid. "Antagonistic Effects of α-Tocopherol and α-Tocoquinone in the Regulation of Cyclic Electron Transport around Photosystem II". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 52, № 11-12 (1997): 766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1997-11-1208.

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Abstract α-Tocoquinone (α-TQ ) and α-tocopherol (α-TOC) which cannot substitute for plastoquinone-9 (PQ-A) as an electron acceptor from photosystem II (PS II), influence the oxygen evolution activity of thylakoid membranes under continuous illumination. In the presence of the herbicide DCMU and the protonophore FCCP which stimulate cyclic electron transport around PS II, α-TQ decreased oxygen evolution whereas α-TOC enhanced it. The effects are attributed to a stimulation or an inhibition of cyclic electron transport around PS II by α-TQ and α-TOC, respectively. Results of flash light experime

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Dichter, Martin, Jonas Hylla, Almuth Berg, et al. "How to Achieve the Desired Outcomes of a Complex Intervention in Nursing Homes: A Theory of Change." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1234.

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Abstract Background Recent systematic reviews suggest the effectiveness of complex psychosocial interventions to reduce sleep disturbances in people with dementia (PwD) living in nursing homes. However, it is unclear how and under which circumstances these interventions work and which components and processes are crucial determinants for effectiveness. Objectives To develop a Theory of Change (ToC) that describes a causal chain for the reduction of sleep disturbances. Design and Methods The ToC approach is a participatory method in intervention development to generate knowledge about how, why,

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30

Ahmed, Selim. "Integrating DMAIC approach of Lean Six Sigma and theory of constraints toward quality improvement in healthcare." Reviews on Environmental Health 34, no. 4 (2019): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2019-0003.

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Abstract Healthcare is a unique service industry and it deals with complex tasks. To overcome complex tasks, healthcare organizations need to implement DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) to improve quality performance. Application of DMAIC in a healthcare organization provides guidelines on how to handle a quality service system toward patient satisfaction. This approach also helps healthcare service providers to reduce waste, variation and work imbalance in the service processes. This chapter discusses five phases of DMAIC approach and its inte

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Gupta, Nabanita, Supratik Sarkar, and Kurt J. Marfurt. "Seismic attribute driven integrated characterization of the Woodford Shale in west-central Oklahoma." Interpretation 1, no. 2 (2013): SB85—SB96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2013-0033.1.

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The organic-rich, silty Woodford Shale in west-central Oklahoma is a prolific resource play producing gas and liquid hydrocarbons. We calibrated seismic attributes and prestack inversion using well logs and core information within a seismic geomorphologic framework to define the overall basin architecture, major stratigraphic changes, and related variations in lithologies. Core measurements of elastic moduli and total organic content (TOC) indicated that the Woodford Shale can be broken into three elastic petrotypes important to well completion and hydrocarbon enrichment. Upscaling these measu

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Hanley, Terry, Aaron Sefi, Janet Grauberg, Julie Prescott, and Andre Etchebarne. "A Theory of Change for Web-Based Therapy and Support Services for Children and Young People: Collaborative Qualitative Exploration." JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 4, no. 1 (2021): e23193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23193.

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Background Web-based counseling and support has become increasingly commonplace for children and young people (CYP). Currently, there is limited research that focuses on the mechanisms of change within complex telepsychology platforms, a factor that makes designing and implementing outcome measures challenging. Objective This project aims to articulate a theory of change (ToC) for Kooth, a web-based therapy and support platform for CYP. Methods A collaborative qualitative research design involving professional staff, academic partners, and young people was used to develop the ToC. The followin

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Pringle, M. J., D. E. Allen, T. G. Orton, et al. "Effects of land-use change and management on soil carbon and nitrogen in the Brigalow Belt, Australia: II. Statistical models to unravel the climate-soil-management interaction." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 5 (2016): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16010.

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The impact of grazing on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles is complex, and across a large area it can be difficult to uncover the magnitude of the effects. Here, we have linked two common approaches to statistical modelling – regression trees and linear mixed models – in a novel way to explore various aspects of soil C and N dynamics for a large, semiarid bioregion where land use is dominated by grazing. The resulting models, which we term RT-LMM, have the pleasing visual appeal of regression trees, and they account for spatial autocorrelation as per a linear mixed model. Our RT-LMM were

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Stahl, Connor, Ewan Crosbie, Paola Angela Bañaga, et al. "Total organic carbon and the contribution from speciated organics in cloud water: airborne data analysis from the CAMP<sup>2</sup>Ex field campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 18 (2021): 14109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14109-2021.

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Abstract. This work focuses on total organic carbon (TOC) and contributing species in cloud water over Southeast Asia using a rare airborne dataset collected during NASA's Cloud, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex), in which a wide variety of maritime clouds were studied, including cumulus congestus, altocumulus, altostratus, and cumulus. Knowledge of TOC masses and their contributing species is needed for improved modeling of cloud processing of organics and to understand how aerosols and gases impact and are impacted by clouds. This work relies on 159 samples colle

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Yang, Xin, Honglin Song, Goska Leslie, et al. "Ovarian and Breast Cancer Risks Associated With Pathogenic Variants in RAD51C and RAD51D." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 112, no. 12 (2020): 1242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaa030.

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Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to estimate precise age-specific tubo-ovarian carcinoma (TOC) and breast cancer (BC) risks for carriers of pathogenic variants in RAD51C and RAD51D. Methods We analyzed data from 6178 families, 125 with pathogenic variants in RAD51C, and 6690 families, 60 with pathogenic variants in RAD51D. TOC and BC relative and cumulative risks were estimated using complex segregation analysis to model the cancer inheritance patterns in families while adjusting for the mode of ascertainment of each family. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Pathog

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Arensman, Bodille, Cornelie van Waegeningh, and Margit van Wessel. "Twinning “Practices of Change” With “Theory of Change”." American Journal of Evaluation 39, no. 2 (2017): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214017727364.

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Theory of change (ToC) is currently the approach for the evaluation and planning of international development programs. This approach is considered especially suitable for complex interventions. We question this assumption and argue that ToC’s focus on cause–effect logic and intended outcomes does not do justice to the recursive nature of complex interventions such as advocacy. Supported by our work as evaluators, and specifically our case study of an advocacy program on child rights, we illustrate how advocacy evolves through recursive interactions, with outcomes that are emergent rather than

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Huang, He, Yuan Gao, Chao Ma, et al. "Organic carbon burial is paced by a ~173-ka obliquity cycle in the middle to high latitudes." Science Advances 7, no. 28 (2021): eabf9489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf9489.

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Earth’s climate system is complex and inherently nonlinear, which can induce some extraneous cycles in paleoclimatic proxies at orbital time scales. The paleoenvironmental consequences of these extraneous cycles are debated owing to their complex origin. Here, we compile high-resolution datasets of total organic carbon (TOC) and stable carbon isotope (δ13Corg) datasets to investigate organic carbon burial processes in middle to high latitudes. Our results document a robust cyclicity of ~173 thousand years (ka) in both TOC and δ13Corg. The ~173-ka obliquity–related forcing signal was amplified

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Matsui, S., Y. Okawa, and R. Ota. "Experience of 16 Years' Operation and Maintenance of the Fukashiba Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant of the Kashima Petrochemical Complex – II. Biodegradability of 37 Organic Substances and 28 Process Wastewaters." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 10 (1988): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0138.

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Twenty-eight process wastewaters and thirty-seven organic substances identified in the wastewater of the Kashima petrochemical complex were subjected to biodegradability tests. The tests consisted of the activated sludge degradability method and a supplementary test using the respiration meter method. Both tests utilized the activated sludge of the Fukashiba industrial wastewater treatment plant, which was acclimatized to the wastewater and organic substances. The 28 process wastewaters were classified into biodegradable, less biodegradable, and non-biodegradable according to the percentage TO

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Selmer, Daniela, Reingard Senekowitsch-Schmidtke, W. Schneider, and E. F. Elstner. "Binding and Uptake of 125Iodine-Labelled, Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein by Macrophages: Comparism of the Effects of a-Tocopherol, Probucol, Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and Magnesium-pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-glutamate." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 52, no. 1-2 (1997): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1997-1-217.

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Abstract Specific and unspecific binding and uptake (internalization) by macrophages of 125iodine -labelled, copper-oxidized human low density lipoprotein is differently influenced by the anti oxidants α-tocopherol (α-Toc), probucol (Prob), pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PP) and the magnesium-pyridoxal-5'-phosphate glutamate complex (MPPG). Binding as well as internalization, mediated by the so-called "scavenger receptor" is lower in the presence of MPPG whereas both specific binding and internalization are enhanced. The comparison of the effects in vitro allows a rating of the potentially anti-athe

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Bogacki, Jan, Piotr Marcinowski, and Balkess El-Khozondar. "Treatment of Landfill Leachates with Combined Acidification/Coagulation and The Fe0/H2O2 Process." Water 11, no. 2 (2019): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020194.

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One of the major environmental concerns associated with waste disposal is the large amount of generated landfill leachates (LL), which are considered a type of wastewater with a complex composition. There is an urgent need to find an effective LL treatment method. LL were subjected to pretreatment followed by the Fe0/H2O2 process. Pretreatment efficiency was coagulation at pH 6.0 >> coagulation at pH 9.0 > acidification at pH 3.0. Coagulation at pH 6.0 in an optimal Fe3+ dose of 1000 mg/L decreased total organic carbon (TOC) from the initial concentration of 1061 mg/L to 491 mg/L whil

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Yu, Kun, Yiwen Ju, Yanhui Yang, et al. "Effect of Composition on the Micropore Structure of Non-Marine Coal-Bearing Shale: A Case Study of Permian Strata in the Qinshui Basin, China." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 1 (2021): 741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18563.

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The nanopore network in organic-rich shale plays a key role in shale gas storage and migration, and micropores are an important structural unit in connecting the migration channel. In this study, we selected six non-marine coal-bearing shales from the Qinshui Basin to investigate the effect of composition on micropore structure using X-ray diffraction, total organic carbon (TOC), vitrinite reflectance, and CO2 adsorption methods. The results indicate that non-marine shale with higher TOC content possesses more micropores, leading to a more complex pore structure and improving the heterogeneity

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Asada, Yuka, Kelsey Gilmet, Christina Welter, Gina Massuda-Barnett, Devangna A. Kapadia, and Michael Fagen. "Applying Theory of Change to a Structural Change Initiative: Evaluation of Model Communities in a Diverse County." Health Education & Behavior 46, no. 3 (2018): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198118818233.

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Structural change approaches, also called policy, systems, and environmental change approaches, have been increasingly promoted and adopted by public ealth agencies in the past decade. These interventions require attention to multilevel, complex and contextual influences on individual and community health outcomes, requiring a sound theoretical framework that links the many processes and outcomes over time. The Model Communities program of Cook County, Illinois Communities Putting Prevention to Work program employed a theory of change (ToC) framework to inform the evaluations’ design and execu

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Bacelar-Silva, Gustavo M., James F. Cox, Humberto R. Baptista, and Pedro Pereira Rodrigues. "Identifying and Addressing the Underlying Core Problems in Healthcare Environments: An Illustration Using an Emergency Department Game." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (2021): 10083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910083.

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The emergency department (ED) crowding is a critical healthcare issue worldwide that leads to long waits and poorer healthcare outcomes. Goldratt’s theory of constraints (TOC) has been used effectively to improve such problematic environments for more than three decades. While most TOC solutions are simple, with many viewing them as purely common sense, they represent paradigm shifts in how to manage complex, uncertain, and silo environments. Goldratt used a simple dice game with a straight flow (I-shape) to illustrate the impact of dependent resources and statistical fluctuations in managing

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Medel, Alejandro, Erika Bustos, Karen Esquivel, Luis A. Godínez, and Yunny Meas. "Electrochemical Incineration of Phenolic Compounds from the Hydrocarbon Industry Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/681875.

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Electrochemical incineration using boron-doped diamond electrodes was applied to samples obtained from a refinery and compared to the photo-electro-Fenton process in order to selectively eliminate the phenol and phenolic compounds from a complex matrix. Due to the complex chemical composition of the sample, a pretreatment to the sample in order to isolate the phenolic compounds was applied. The effects of the pretreatment and of pH on the degradation of the phenolic compounds were evaluated. The results indicate that the use of a boron-doped diamond electrode in an electrochemical incineration

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Xie, Weidong, Meng Wang, and Hongyue Duan. "Adsorption Characteristics and Controlling Factors of CH4 on Coal-Measure Shale, Hedong Coalfield." Minerals 11, no. 1 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010063.

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Adsorbed gas is one of the crucial occurrences in shale gas reservoirs; thus, it is of great significance to ascertain the adsorption capacity of shale and the adsorption characteristics of CH4. In this investigation, the Taiyuan–Shanxi Formations’ coal-measure shale gas reservoir of the Carboniferous–Permian era in the Hedong Coalfield was treated as the research target. Our results exhibit that the shale samples were characterized by a high total organic carbon (TOC) and over to high-over maturity, with an average TOC of 2.45% and average Ro of 2.59%. The mineral composition was dominated by

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Xie, Weidong, Meng Wang, and Hongyue Duan. "Adsorption Characteristics and Controlling Factors of CH4 on Coal-Measure Shale, Hedong Coalfield." Minerals 11, no. 1 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010063.

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Adsorbed gas is one of the crucial occurrences in shale gas reservoirs; thus, it is of great significance to ascertain the adsorption capacity of shale and the adsorption characteristics of CH4. In this investigation, the Taiyuan–Shanxi Formations’ coal-measure shale gas reservoir of the Carboniferous–Permian era in the Hedong Coalfield was treated as the research target. Our results exhibit that the shale samples were characterized by a high total organic carbon (TOC) and over to high-over maturity, with an average TOC of 2.45% and average Ro of 2.59%. The mineral composition was dominated by

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Hirakawa, Yoshihisa, Fabien Burki, and Patrick J. Keeling. "Genome-Based Reconstruction of the Protein Import Machinery in the Secondary Plastid of a Chlorarachniophyte Alga." Eukaryotic Cell 11, no. 3 (2012): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.05264-11.

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ABSTRACT Most plastid proteins are encoded by their nuclear genomes and need to be targeted across multiple envelope membranes. In vascular plants, the translocons at the outer and inner envelope membranes of chloroplasts (TOC and TIC, respectively) facilitate transport across the two plastid membranes. In contrast, several algal groups harbor more complex plastids, the so-called secondary plastids, which are surrounded by three or four membranes, but the plastid protein import machinery (in particular, how proteins cross the membrane corresponding to the secondary endosymbiont plasma membrane

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Ahmadian, Mohammad, Sohyla Reshadat, Nader Yousefi, et al. "Municipal Leachate Treatment by Fenton Process: Effect of Some Variable and Kinetics." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/169682.

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Due to complex composition of leachate, the comprehensive leachate treatment methods have been not demonstrated. Moreover, the improper management of leachate can lead to many environmental problems. The aim of this study was application of Fenton process for decreasing the major pollutants of landfill leachate on Kermanshah city. The leachate was collected from Kermanshah landfill site and treated by Fenton process. The effect of various parameters including solution pH, Fe2+and H2O2dosage, Fe2+/H2O2molar ratio, and reaction time was investigated. The result showed that with increasing Fe2+an

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Lin, Yi, and Mehrab Mehrvar. "Photocatalytic Treatment of An Actual Confectionery Wastewater Using Ag/TiO2/Fe2O3: Optimization of Photocatalytic Reactions Using Surface Response Methodology." Catalysts 8, no. 10 (2018): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8100409.

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysis is one of the most commonly studied advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the mineralization of deleterious and recalcitrant compounds present in wastewater as it is stable, inexpensive, and effective. Out of all, doping with metal and non-metals, and the heterojunction with another semiconductor were proven to be efficient methods in enhancing the degradation of organic pollutants under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. However, complex degradation processes in the treatment of an actual wastewater are difficult to model and optimize. In the present

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O’Melia, C. R., W. C. Becker, and K. K. Au. "Removal of Humic Substances by Coagulation." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 9 (1999): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0440.

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Measurements and modeling of the adsorption of natural organic matter (NOM) on oxide surfaces are presented and compared. Agreement is good and supports the view that the adsorption of NOM on oxides depends significantly on complex formation reactions between specific sites on oxide surfaces and functional groups on the NOM. Coagulant requirements can and often are set by the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration in a water source. Frequently there is a stoichiometric relationship between the required coagulant dosage and the TOC of the water to be treated. Other important factors include p

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