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Journal articles on the topic 'Tocharian language'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Warries, Abel Radu. "Towards a new comparison of the pre-Proto-Tocharian and pre-Proto-Samoyed vowel systems." Indo-European Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2022): 169–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-bja10022.

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Abstract During their migration from the Eastern European steppes to the Tarim Basin, the ancestors of the Tocharians must have come into contact with speakers of different languages, which may have influenced the early Tocharian language. Early Uralic has been identified as possibly having been the source of such influence, especially in the domain of phonology and nominal morphology. In a 2019 article, Michaël Peyrot focused specifically on pre-Proto-Samoyed influence on Tocharian, proposing among other things a comparison of the vowel systems. I will discuss this comparison and give an alte

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2

Lykhachova, Anzhelika. "FROM THE HISTORY OF INDO-EUROPEAN STUDIES: A STUDY OF TOCHARIAN LANGUAGES AND GENEALOGICAL CLASSIFICATION." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2021, no. 33 (2022): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-33-27.

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The task of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the study of “dead” Tocharian languages in their connection with other Indo-European languages at all levels of the language system in linguistics of the XIX — early XXI centuries. It is noted that the discovery and study of Tocharian A and Tocharian B, qualified as centum languages, played an important role in improvement of the genealogical classification of Indo-European languages. The study of Tocharian languages are briefly described in the studios of W. Krause, W. Thomas, A. J. van Windekens, D. Q. Adams, V. V. Ivanov, T. V. Gamkr

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3

TREMBLAY, XAVIER. "Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 68, no. 3 (2005): 421–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x05000248.

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This paper attempts a periodization and dialectal attribution of Iranian loan words found in Tocharian A and B, two Indo-European languages attested in c. 10,000 fragments unearthed in Chinese Turkestan since 1892. More than 100 loan words are scritinized and classified in eight sections, according to their origin: Old Iranian (probably issued from the common ancestry of the ‘Sakan’ languages, Khotanese, Tumshuqese and Waxi), three different stages of Khotanese, ‘Śaka’, (the language of the Iranian invaders of northern India), Parthian, Bactrian and Sogdian. Tocharians had dealings with all ne

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4

Peyrot, Michaël. "The Sanskrit Udānavarga and the Tocharian B Udānastotra: a window on the relationship between religious and popular language on the northern Silk Road." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 79, no. 2 (2016): 305–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x16000057.

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AbstractThe majority of the Sanskrit Buddhist manuscripts from the northern part of the Tarim Basin in present-day Xinjiang (China) were found in an area where the local languages Tocharian A and B were spoken. In this article, the interplay of Sanskrit, the religious language, and Tocharian, the popular language, is investigated based on the example of the relationship between the Sanskrit Udānavarga and the Tocharian B Udānastotra. To this end, a reconstruction of the text of the introduction to the Udānastotra is attempted, which forms the transition from the Udānavarga to the Udānastotra p

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5

Alekseev, Konstantin Aleksandrovich. "To the question of origin of Indo-Iranians and Tocharians in light of the newest genetic data." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 12 (December 2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.12.34080.

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The subject of this research is the ethnogenesis of Indo-Iranian and Tocharian groups of Indo-European language family. The author analyzes the data on genetic composition of the population of Gandhara grave culture, which is an undisputable archeological evidence of expansion of Indo-Iranians into the Indus Valley, i.e. the place of dwelling of the speakers of Indo-Iranian languages that will be subsequently recorded in the written sources. The results of analysis are compared to the data acquired on the ancient population of the Tarim Basin in Eastern Turkestan, which supposedly is proto-Toc

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6

Malzahn, Melanie. "The development of the Tocharian causative system – top-down or bottom-up?" Indogermanische Forschungen 121, no. 1 (2016): 387–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2016-0020.

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Abstract Tocharian possesses a highly complex verbal system and has played a major role in theories about the PIE verb in recent decades. While it is certainly true that Tocharian deserves the highest attention for theories about the protolanguage, not every trait of its verbal system has to be explained by direct top-down developments and not every trait can be directly transferred onto the proto-language. The paper discusses the Tocharian causative stems and argues that an inner-Tocharian development for the system of causatives is more likely than deriving the various stems from respective

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7

Peyrot, Michaël. "Interrogative stems in Hittite and Tocharian." Indogermanische Forschungen 123, no. 1 (2018): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2018-0003.

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Abstract Hittite and Tocharian share an interrogative pronominal stem in m-next to the well known Proto-Indo-European interrogative *kʷi-, *kʷe-, *kʷo-. In Tocharian, the m-interrogative is especially frequent as a formative element in several interrogative, relative and indefinite stems. In this paper, these stems are investigated in detail, and it is argued that the Tocharian A interrogative stem ā-posited by Sieg, Siegling & Schulze in their Tocharische Grammatikis a ghost. Although the reconstruction of the m-interrogative for the oldest stage of Proto-Indo-European is beyond any doubt

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8

del Tomba, Alessandro. "On the pronominal feminine plural in Tocharian." Indogermanische Forschungen 123, no. 1 (2018): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2018-0012.

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Abstract Tocharian had a large number of demonstrative pronouns and determiners, whose basic element derives from the Proto-Indo-European genderdifferentiated pronoun *so(masc.), *seh₂(fem.), *tod(nt.) ‘this, that’. This article is chiefly concerned with the diachronic evolution of the endings and forms of these demonstratives, paying particular attention to the inflection of the feminine and the subsequent evolution of the category of gender. I argue that the feminine plural paradigm of both Tocharian A and B can be derived directly from Proto-Indo-European, with further analogical adjustment

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9

Peyrot, Michaël. "The deviant typological profile of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European may be due to Uralic substrate influence." Indo-European Linguistics 7, no. 1 (2019): 72–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-00701007.

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Abstract Tocharian agglutinative case inflexion as well as its single series of voiceless stops, the two most striking typological deviations from Proto-Indo-European, can be explained through influence from Uralic. A number of other typological features of Tocharian may likewise be interpreted as due to contact with a Uralic language. The supposed contacts are likely to be associated with the Afanas’evo Culture of South Siberia. This Indo-European culture probably represents an intermediate phase in the movement of speakers of early Tocharian from the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the Easte

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10

Olander, Thomas. "Indo-European cladistic nomenclature." Indogermanische Forschungen 124, no. 1 (2019): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2019-0008.

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Abstract The study examines the terminology currently in use for the higher-level subgroups of the Indo-European family tree. Based on the observation that the terminology is heterogeneous and confusing, the study discusses the central terms, suggesting that the whole language family and its ancestor should be referred to as “Indo-European” and “Proto-Indo-European” respectively. Under the hypothesis that the three first subgroups to branch off were Anatolian, Tocharian and Italo- Celtic, “Indo-Tocharian” is recommended as a suitable name for the non-Anatolian subgroup, and “Indo-Celtic” for t

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11

Lundysheva, Olga V. "Tocharian B Manuscripts of the St Petersburg (IOM RAS) Collection." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, no. 1 (2022): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.106.

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This article provides information about the Tocharian B collection of the IOM RAS. It is a unique collection of Tocharian B manuscripts in Russia. It includes 87 wooden tablets and 383 manuscript fragments. Due to historical circumstances, the collection was not put into scholarly circulation. Only a few manuscripts have been introduced to the academic community, although it would be hard to overestimate the importance of this collection for knowledge of Tocharian palaeography and literature. The St Petersburg collection includes manuscript fragments from all the Tarim sites where traces of th

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12

WİLKENS, Jens. "Einige Beobachtungen zur Übersetzungstechnik der altuigurischen Maitrisimit." Journal of Old Turkic Studies 7, no. 2 (2023): 553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35236/jots.1339997.

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Based on the materials scholars have examined so far, it can be stated that the Old Uyghur Maitrisimit nom bitig is apparently a rather faithful translation of the Tocharian A Maitreyasamitināṭaka. However, there are some significant discrepancies between the two versions. Both versions of this highly important text dedicated to the visionary biography of the future Buddha Maitreya provide an ideal starting point for comparative Tocharian-Old Uyghur studies. The two languages involved belong to two different language families and thus have divergent typological properties. Although shorter tra

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13

Jasanoff, Jay H. "Some difficult Tocharian genitives." Indogermanische Forschungen 124, no. 1 (2019): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2019-0002.

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Abstract This paper discusses the Tocharian gen. sg. in B -ntse, A -s, and the gen. pl. in B -ṃts(ə), A -śśi. The PToch. gen. sg. ending *‑nsæ is explained by assuming an extension of the o-stem ending *‑o-s(y)o to n‑stems, giving first *‑Cn‑əsæ (with connecting *‑ə‑) and then, with regular metathesis, *‑C‑ə‑nsæ, from which productive *‑nsæ was extracted. The more difficult gen. pl. endings B ‑ṃts(ə) and A -śśi, which are not usually thought of as being cognate, are traced to sequences of the animate acc. pl. in *‑ns followed by a particle with Sievers variants *‑Tye (Toch. B) and *‑Tiye (Toch

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14

Pan, Tao. "Tocharian B ore (plural wrenta) and nominal reduplication in Tocharian and PIE." Indogermanische Forschungen 128, no. 1 (2023): 305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2023-0012.

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15

Bernard, Chams Benoît, and Ruixuan Chen. "A Fall into the Pit." Indo-Iranian Journal 65, no. 1 (2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15728536-06501001.

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Abstract This paper argues that Tocharian B koṣko, koṣkīye does not mean ‘hut’, as was taken for granted, but ‘pit, hole’; and that it is not an inherited Indo-European word, but an Iranian loanword in Tocharian B. Although the possibility of a borrowing from an unknown Middle Iranian language cannot be excluded, an unattested (Pre-)Bactrian form *kōškā is demonstrated to be the most likely source of this loanword.

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16

Friis, Louise S. "Tocharian B agent nouns in -ntsa and their origin." Indo-European Linguistics 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-bja10012.

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Abstract The agent noun suffix in -ntsa belongs to a complex of Tocharian B agent noun formations, similar in form, function, and inflection. Of these, two suffixes are widely believed to be related to -ntsa: the productive agent noun in -ñca and the lexicalised agent noun in -nta. The suffix -ntsa forms occupational titles to eleven verbs in Tocharian B and can be reconstructed for Proto-Tocharian through comparison with Tocharian A. In this paper, it is argued that the suffix originated in the feminine of the PIE active participle in *-nt. This is substantiated by the fact that several ntsa-

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17

Ringe, Donald A., and Douglas Q. Adams. "Tocharian Historical Phonology and Morphology." Language 66, no. 2 (1990): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414901.

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18

Penney, J. H. W. "PREVERBS AND POSTPOSITIONS IN TOCHARIAN." Transactions of the Philological Society 87, no. 1 (1989): 54–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.1989.tb00619.x.

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19

B.Krause, Todd, Hans C.Boas та Danny Law. "The Pedagogical Tipiṭaka: OER & the Three Baskets of Ancient Language Instruction". Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, № 68 (16 жовтня 2024): 35–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.2024.6142.

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Ancient languages present a unique teaching challenge: for spoken languages, common pedagogy recommends engaging students via dialogue; for ancient languages, no speakers survive with whom to practise. This paper highlights how the Linguistics Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin has approached this challenge by creating the Early Indo-European OnLine (EIEOL) collection, an online educational resource whose lesson series present early languages directly through original, unsimplified ancient texts. Currently accessed by over 20,000 users per month, EIEOL spans 18 languages, fro

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20

Aydemir, Hakan. "An Attempt at a Selected and Annotated Bibliography of Tocharian-Turkic Language Contacts, Part I." International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies 6, no. 1 (2024): 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46614/ijous.1494493.

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Tocharian-Turkic language and ethnic relations have many unknown aspects and many problems awaiting solutions. One of the fundamental questions about Tocharian-Turkic language contacts is undoubtedly when and where these contacts began and how long they lasted. This problem has long intrigued scholars. As Sarah G. Thomason (2001) also remarks, there are “two crucial historical questions about language contact situations - how they come about in the first place, and how long they last.” And as she notes, “even partial answers to these questions will be useful for orientation and predicting the

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21

Viti, Carlotta. "The morphosyntax of experience predicates in Tocharian." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 45, no. 1 (2016): 26–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-00451p02.

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This paper discusses the morphosyntactic strategies used in Tocharian to encode argument functions in simple clauses, with focus on experience predicates. This may be relevant to fill a lacuna in the literature on experience predicates, which have not been investigated in Tocharian. We shall see that experience predicates in Tocharian typically require a nominative experiencer, rather than an oblique experiencer, and that the low transitivity of the predicate is expressed by the middle voice. All this may also be of more general relevance to illustrate the interaction between case marking and

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22

Peyrot, Michaël, and Meng Xiaoqiang. "Tocharian B santse ‘daughter-in-law’." Indogermanische Forschungen 126, no. 1 (2021): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2021-016.

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Abstract In Ogihara’s edition of the Tocharian B so-called “Avadāna-Manuscript”, a fragment from the Dhanika-Avadāna contains a word santse. On the basis of parallel texts, it is shown that santse means ‘daughter-in-law’. This newly identified word is cognate with a.o. Greek νυός ‘daughter-in-law’ and derives from Proto-Indo- European *snusó-.

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23

Adams, Douglas Q., and Don Ringe. "On the Chronology of Sound Changes in Tocharian. Volume I: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian." Language 74, no. 3 (1998): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417796.

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Peyrot, Michaël. "More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments." Indogermanische Forschungen 113, no. 2008 (2008): 83–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110206630.83.

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Danesi, Serena, Cynthia A. Johnson, and Jóhanna Barðdal. "Between the historical languages and the reconstructed language." Indogermanische Forschungen 122, no. 1 (2017): 143–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2017-0007.

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Abstract The “dative of agent” construction in the Indo-European languages is most likely inherited from Proto-Indo-European (Hettrich 1990). Two recent proposals (Danesi 2013; Luraghi 2016), however, claim that the construction contains no agent at all. Luraghi argues that it is a secondary development from an original beneficiary function, while Danesi maintains that the construction is indeed reconstructable. Following Danesi, we analyze the relevant data in six different Indo-European languages: Sanskrit, Avestan, Ancient Greek, Latin, Tocharian, and Lithuanian, revealing similarities at a

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26

Isebaert, Lambert. "Tocharian Evidence for Laryngeal Metathesis in Indo-European." Phonological Reconstruction 3 (January 1, 1988): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.3.04ise.

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27

Itkin, Ilya. "Tocharian A manuscript №№ 144–211 from Šorčuq: The new data. I." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 1 (2023): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2023.1.132-150.

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The article provides a general description of the Tocharian A manuscript №№ 144–211 according to the publication of Tocharian A texts by E. Sieg and W. Siegling (1921). This manuscript is a collection of stories about prince Nanda, the half-brother of Buddha, and Sundari, his beloved. Many fragments of this manuscript, both published and still unpublished, join together. The article publishes two leaves made up of joined fragments — A 144 + THT 2485 and A 171+156 + THT 2543 + THT 2265 — with a detailed commentary and translation. The first leaf describes the beginning of Buddha and Nanda’s jou

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28

Piispanen, Peter Sauli. "An Ancient East Asian Wanderwort." Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 73, no. 4 (2020): 567–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/062.2020.00029.

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AbstractThe previously non-discussed ancient east Asian Wanderwort araĵaran ‘interjection; barely, suddenly’ is discussed and presented in great detail, and traced throughout many languages phonologically and semantically. The root has also undergone local secondary semantic developments in places, meanings which have then been borrowed into neighboring languages, some already carrying the same root, some borrowing only the new semantic meaning. Aft er detailed lexical documentation of this root in various languages, a possible semantic map is presented at the end of the study. Language groups

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29

Zimmer, Stefan. "Bojan Čop and the Etymology of Tocharian käṣṣi ‘teacher’". Jezikoslovni zapiski 28, № 1 (2022): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/jz.28.1.09.

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Ronald I. Kim. "Variation and change in Tocharian B (review)." Language 85, no. 3 (2009): 736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.0131.

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Del Tomba, Alessandro, and Mauro Maggi. "A Central Asian Buddhist Term." Indo-Iranian Journal 64, no. 3 (2021): 199–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15728536-06402002.

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Abstract The Khotanese masculine substantive saña- ‘artifice, expedient, means, method’ cannot be a loanword from the Gāndhārī feminine saṃña ‘perception, idea’ (< Sanskrit saṃjñā-), as has been recently suggested. Bilingual evidence for its meaning, its metrical use, and the contexts where it occurs show unambiguously that it differs formally and semantically from the Khotanese feminine saṃñā- ‘idea, notion, perception, etc.’, the actual loanword from Gāndhārī saṃña. Since the meaning of Tocharian B sāñ, ṣāñ and A ṣāñ ‘expedient, means’ agrees with that of Khotanese saña- ‘artifice etc.’,

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32

Pan, Tao. "TB pitke ‘fat, grease, oil’ and PIE *peih̯1- ‘to be fat, be bursting with’." Indogermanische Forschungen 124, no. 1 (2019): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2019-0010.

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Abstract This paper investigates the meaning and the etymology of TB pitke. Based on a philological study of Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan parallel texts, the meaning of TB pitke can be determined to be ‘fat, grease, oil’. TB pitke corresponds to Skt. medas- ‘fat’, Tib. tshil ‘fat, grease’ and Chin. 脂zhī ‘fat, grease’. The philological identification of the meaning of TB pitke as ‘fat, grease, oil’ opens the door to an etymological connection with PIE *pei̯H- ‘to be fat, swell’, and, based on the historical phonology of Tocharian, leads to the determination of the laryngeal as *‑h1.

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Simon, Zsolt. "Urindogermanische Lehnwörter in den uralischen und finno-ugrischen Grundsprachen." Indogermanische Forschungen 125, no. 1 (2020): 239–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2020-011.

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ZusammenfassungThis paper contains a critical evaluation of the alleged Proto- Indo-European loanwords in Proto-Uralic and Proto-Finno-Ugric and argues that most of them cannot be upheld. It is also argued that currently it is not possible to choose between different scenarios for the remaining cases, i.e. sheer coincidence, borrowing from Proto-Indo-European, borrowing from a precursor of Tocharian, and a combination of any of these. Incidentally, this result also means that these words cannot be used for the location of the Proto-Indo-European homeland in the steppe area, which thus loses it

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Kapranov, Y. V. "Diachronic Interpretation of Nostratic Etymon *wol[a] Based on Proto-Indo-European *(e)wel- (Gr hw- / ew-) and Proto-Altaic *ulu (~ -o) Forms (According to S. A. Starostin’s Version)." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 9. Current Trends in Language Development, no. 17 (August 21, 2018): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series9.2018.17.06.

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The article represents the diachronic interpretation of the Nostratic *wol[a] verified by S. A. Starostin on the Proto-Indo-European *(e) wel- (Gr hw- / ew-) and Proto-Altaic *ulu (~ -o). These data were taken for analysis from the International Etymological Database Project “The Tower of Babel”. The notion of etymon in general and the Nostratic one in particular have been specified. The Nostratic etymon is understood as a phonomorphological and semantic complex that is interpreted based on the reconstructed etymons at the level of every language family.The following data has been demonstrated

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35

Rubio, Gonzalo, Ji Xianlin, Werner Winter, and Georges-Jean Pinault. "Fragments of the Tocharian a Maitreyasamiti-Nataka of the Xinjiang Museum, China." Language 76, no. 4 (2000): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417236.

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Dragoni, Federico, Niels Schoubben та Michaël Peyrot. "The Formal Kharoṣṭhī script from the Northern Tarim Basin in Northwest China may write an Iranian language". Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 73, № 3 (2020): 335–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/062.2020.00015.

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ABSTRACTBuilding on collaborative work with Stefan Baums, Ching Chao-jung, Hannes Fellner and Georges-Jean Pinault during a workshop at Leiden University in September 2019, tentative readings are presented from a manuscript folio (T II T 48) from the Northern Tarim Basin in Northwest China written in the thus far undeciphered Formal Kharoṣṭhī script. Unlike earlier scholarly proposals, the language of this folio cannot be Tocharian, nor can it be Sanskrit or Middle Indic (Gāndhārī). Instead, it is proposed that the folio is written in an Iranian language of the Khotanese-Tumšuqese type. Severa

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37

Itkin, I. "KIM, RONALD I.: The Dual in Tocharian. From Typology to Auslautgesetz." Kratylos 66, no. 1 (2021): 124–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29091/kratylos/2021/1/13.

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38

Renfrew, Colin. "‘Indo-European’ designates languages: not pots and not institutions." Antiquity 79, no. 305 (2005): 692–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00114619.

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Kristian Kristiansen, cogent critic though he may be, commits a category error of a depressingly familiar kind. It is a confusion which has led distinguished scholars such as Dumézil into error, and which, by allowing the conflation of such categories as language, ethnicity, race and institution, worked to the detriment of many groups and nations during the twentieth century, and now, no doubt, also in the twenty-first.Nowhere does he define precisely what he imagines the term ‘Indo-European’ to mean. Following the perspective agreed by most historical linguists I take it to be a linguistic te

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Chen and 陳瑞翾. "Vignettes of Buddhist Asceticism: Jottings on Six Fragments in Tocharian B." Central Asiatic Journal 61, no. 2 (2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.61.2.0217.

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40

Chen, R. "Vignettes of Buddhist Asceticism: Jottings on Six Fragments in Tocharian B*." Central Asiatic Journal 61, no. 2 (2018): 217–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/caj/2018/2/3.

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41

Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. "Review article: messages from (not so distant) relatives in the Nuba Mountains: on how (not) to reconstruct Proto-Bantu." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 44, no. 2 (2023): 241–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2023-2012.

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Abstract The rich morphological systems and discourse-based syntactic structures of a range of modern Bantu languages have attracted the attention of many linguists. The present contribution takes articles in a volume on the reconstruction of Proto-Bantu grammar edited by Bostoen et al. (2022. On Reconstructing Proto-Bantu Grammar, Niger-Congo Comparative Studies 4. Berlin: Language Science Press. 808 pp. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7560553) as a basis, in order to address the origin of these grammatical properties. More specifically, historical as well as synchronic features of Bantu langu

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Peyrot, Michaël. "Review of Adams (2013): A dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and greatly enlarged." Diachronica 32, no. 1 (2015): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.32.1.07pey.

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Krasukhin, Konstantin. "The Root *dheh1- ‘Put, Pose; Make, Act’ in Old Greek and Italic on the Indo-European Background." Izvestiia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriia literatury i iazyka 81, no. 1 (2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s160578800018925-3.

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The development of root *dheh1- is considered, previously in Greek and Italic. This root, as also some other with laryngeal auslaut, is developed into a stem with auslaut *¬-k-, whose origin is disputable. Probably, it appeared as a glide, a result connection of two laryngeals (in 1 Sg. perfect), and originally characterized its “strong” forms. This glide is spread on the stem of aorist, and became a marker of active singular. In some other roots it spread on the whole verbal paradigm in all tenses. The verbal stem in Italic is formed with this *-k- – the variant with full grade in preterit, a

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Konkal, М. "Preservation of the native language in the context of the problem of vulnerable and endangered Turkic languages of Kazakhstan." Turkic Studies Journal 4, no. 1 (2022): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2022-1-47-57.

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Throughout the development of human civilization, there has always existed a problem of extinction of certain languages. Along with the peoples that have sunk into history, languages have disappeared either becoming dead or solely written languages. Therefore, Old Turkic, Old Uyghur, Pecheneg, Polovtsian, Chagatai, Sanskrit, Vedic, Ancient Greek, Latin, Old Slavonic, Gothic, Polabian, Tocharian and many other languages of the world are now dead. There is a variety of reasons for extinction of languages and historically they have manifested themselves in different ways. Among the main causes th

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Vyzhlakov, Maksim. "Ability and possibility in Tocharian A: The semantics of the verbs yāt- and cämp- and their derivatives." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 5 (2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2020.5.76-90.

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Kölligan, Daniel. "Greek and the Indo-European Verb." Mnemosyne 72, no. 4 (2019): 673–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12342700.

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AbstractThis article reviews Andreas Willi’s study of the history and prehistory of the Greek and Proto-Indo-European (PIE) verbal system which tries to put the data of one of the ‘classical’ languages of PIE reconstruction back onto the centre stage after much attention has been given to Anatolian (Hittite, etc.) and Tocharian in recent decades. It argues that in the earliest reconstructable phase PIE had ergative alignment and that the switch to nominative-accusative alignment triggered a series of changes leading to the distribution of stem formations found in Greek and other ancient PIE la

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Kroonen, Guus, Anthony Jakob, Axel I. Palmér, Paulus van Sluis, and Andrew Wigman. "Indo-European cereal terminology suggests a Northwest Pontic homeland for the core Indo-European languages." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (2022): e0275744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275744.

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Questions on the timing and the center of the Indo-European language dispersal are central to debates on the formation of the European and Asian linguistic landscapes and are deeply intertwined with questions on the archaeology and population history of these continents. Recent palaeogenomic studies support scenarios in which the core Indo-European languages spread with the expansion of Early Bronze Age Yamnaya herders that originally inhabited the East European steppes. Questions on the Yamnaya and Pre-Yamnaya locations of the language community that ultimately gave rise to the Indo-European

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Viti, Carlotta. "Semantic and cognitive factors of argument marking in ancient Indo-European languages." Diachronica 34, no. 3 (2017): 368–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.34.3.03vit.

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Abstract This paper discusses how the argument structure of experience predicates may be affected by semantic factors in Indo-European. I investigate whether the semantic role of the experiencer is preferably expressed by the nominative or by an oblique case in various predicates of volition, cognition, propositional attitude, psychological experience and physical perception in each Indo-European branch, with particular consideration of Hittite, Old Indic, Ancient Greek, Latin, Classical Armenian and Tocharian. In my data, while the nominative coding of the experiencer tends to be generalized

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Arnaud-Nguyen, Emilie. "Paper Analyses of Tocharian manuscripts of the Pelliot Collection stored in the National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France)." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 14, no. 3 (2020): 387–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2020.630.

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This paper describes the preliminary results of my PhD research within the ERC project “HisTochText”. The aim is to perform macroscopic analyses of archaeological papers from the Pelliot Collection. They are stored in the National Library of France (Bibliothèque nationale de France). Most were discovered in the oasis kingdom of Kucha, inscribed in an ancient Indian writing, brāhmῑ. The language was unknown in France. Kucha was a meeting place for many influences both western and eastern, insofar as paper analysis seeks to determine technological influences and local adaptations. Macroscopic a

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Martzloff, Vincent, and Barbora Machajdíková. "Eichner’s law in Latin, Greek and beyond: some neglected evidence." Journal of Latin Linguistics 22, no. 1 (2023): 81–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll-2023-2003.

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Abstract According to a phonetic rule commonly referred to as Eichner’s law, the quality of a long *ē was not affected by an adjacent laryngeal *h 2 or *h 3 in the prehistory of the individual Indo-European languages: Latin spērāre ‘hope’ < *spēh 2 -s- (desiderative), Old Slavic spěti ‘be successful’ < *spēh 2 - (cf. *sph 2 -ró- in Ved. sphirá- and Lat. prosperus; *speh 2 -i-s- in Old Slavic spěxŭ); Tocharian B yerpe < *h 3 ērb h -o- ‘disk, orb’ (without colouration) versus Latin orbis < *h 3 orb h -i- ‘circle’. The purpose of the article is not to reassess the value of all reconst

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