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Journal articles on the topic 'Tocols'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Wen, Yunqi, Lili Xu, Changhu Xue, Xiaoming Jiang, and Zihao Wei. "Assessing the Impact of Oil Types and Grades on Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Contents in Vegetable Oils with Chemometric Methods." Molecules 25, no. 21 (2020): 5076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215076.

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The consumption of vegetable oil is an important way for the body to obtain tocols. However, the impact of oil types and grades on the tocopherol and tocotrienol contents in vegetable oils is unclear. In this study, nine types of traditional edible oils and ten types of self-produced new types of vegetable oil were used to analyze eight kinds of tocols. The results showed that the oil types exerted a great impact on the tocol content of traditional edible oils. Soybean oils, corn oils, and rapeseed oils all could be well distinguished from sunflower oils. Both sunflower oils and cotton seed oi

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2

Durazzo, Alessandra, Amirhossein Nazhand, Massimo Lucarini, et al. "Occurrence of Tocols in Foods: An Updated Shot of Current Databases." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (February 12, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8857571.

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Tocols are present in various foods, mostly in fruits and in plant seeds. Edible oils are the most important natural dietary sources of tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as tocols. Tocopherols and tocotrienols are considered beneficial for their antioxidant effect which impacts on prevention of different health conditions. This perspective is addressed to give an updated picture of the tocol occurrence in foods. Moreover, the current state of the art of tocols in updated databases is explored and commented outlining their importance and future trends.

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3

Tremmel-Bede, Karolina, Marietta Szentmiklóssy, Anna-Maija Lampi, et al. "Variation in the Content and Composition of Tocols in a Wheat Population." Foods 11, no. 9 (2022): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091343.

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Wheat is a well-known source of B vitamins but also contains significant amounts of vitamin E and related tocols, which have a number of positive health benefits. However, there are no reports on increasing the tocol content of wheat. A prerequisite for increasing the tocol content is the identification of variation in its amount within wheat and related cereals. We therefore determined the tocol content and composition in the grain of 230 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of a diverse biparental wheat population (Mv Toborzó/Tommi), showing variation in the total content from 13.69 to 45.18 μg/g

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4

Numan, Abdul Hadi, and Mei Han Ng. "Selective Separation of Tocol Homologues by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Using Choline-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents." Trends in Sciences 20, no. 2 (2022): 6432. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.6432.

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In this paper we examined the potential of choline-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for selective extraction of tocol homologues from crude palm oil (CPO) through liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Distribution of tocol homologues (α-tocopherol, α-, β, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol) presence in CPO when subjected to DES-assisted LLE has not been fully understood in the past. The effect of increasing the amount of DES on the distribution and selectivity of were investigated. It was found that tocol homologues were distributed in the order of their hydrophilic power, with tocols of higher polarity distr

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5

Gunjević, Veronika, Dora Zurak, Darko Grbeša, et al. "Bioaccessibility of Tocols in Commercial Maize Hybrids Determined by an In Vitro Digestion Model for Poultry." Molecules 28, no. 13 (2023): 5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135015.

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Despite the high proportion of maize grain in animal diets, the contribution made by maize phytochemicals is neglected. Tocols and their contribution to the vitamin E content of animal diets are one example, exacerbated by sparse information on the tocol bioaccessibility of commercial hybrids. In this study, the contents of individual and total tocols and their bioaccessibility were determined in the grain samples of 103 commercial hybrids using a standardized INFOGEST digestion procedure. In the studied hybrids, total tocol content ranged from 19.24 to 54.44 µg/g of dry matter. The contents o

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6

Lee, Jae-Sung, Jieun Kwak, Mi-Ra Yoon, Jeom-Sig Lee, and Fiona R. Hay. "Contrasting tocol ratios associated with seed longevity in rice variety groups." Seed Science Research 27, no. 4 (2017): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258517000265.

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AbstractVitamin E (tocols) is a key metabolite for efficient scavenging of lipid peroxy radicals that cause membrane breakdown during seed ageing. However, in rice, this hypothesis has been tested for very few lines only and without considering intraspecific variation in genomic structure. Here, we present a correlation study between tocols and seed longevity using a diverse rice panel. Seeds of 20 rice accessions held in the International Rice Genebank at the International Rice Research Institute, representing Aus, Basmati/Sadri, Indica, temperate Japonica and tropical Japonica variety groups

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7

Ashwag, A.A.Mohamed Nour, and T. Yousif Mohamed. "Effects of chemical composition and genetic control of tocol on Anticancer activity of seeds of Grape (Vitis vinifera L), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), pomegranate (Punica granatum L .) and olive (Olea europea L.)." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 8, no. 8 (2021): 80–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10612270.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> A study aimed at studying antitumor activity of seed extracts of olive (<em>Olea europea </em>L.), date palm (<em>Phoenix dactylifera </em>L.), pomegranate (<em>Punica granatum </em>L.), and grape (<em>Vitis vinifera </em>L) and to correlate their anticancer activity with similarity and dis-similarity with respect to fatty acids composition and phenolic compounds as well as studying similarity in tocols content, their genetic control and gene expression. The potato disc bioassay technique was used to detect for antitumor activity and thin layer chromatography (TLC) wa

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8

Ulfa, Dian Maria, Asep Bayu, Siti Irma Rahmawati, et al. "New Horizon in Selective Tocols Extraction from Deodorizer Distillates Under Mild Conditions by Using Deep Eutectic Solvents." Molecules 30, no. 6 (2025): 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30061217.

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Tocols are commonly known as vitamin E, which comprise tocopherols and tocotrienols. Although vegetable oils are natural sources of tocols, deodorizer distillates (DDs) are attractive feedstock due to their potential abundance from oil refining processes and economic price. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a family of neoteric solvents that show promising performance for tocols extraction. Besides their characters occupying the green chemistry concept, this review presents the current research on the potential performances of DESs in extracting tocols selectively and efficiently from DDs. The

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9

Stevens-Barrón, Jazmín C., Abraham Wall-Medrano, Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla, et al. "Synergistic Interactions between Tocol and Phenolic Extracts from Different Tree Nut Species against Human Cancer Cell Lines." Molecules 27, no. 10 (2022): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103154.

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Tree nuts are rich in polar (phenolic compounds) and non-polar (tocols) antioxidants, with recognized effects in the prevention of diseases such as cancer. These biomolecules possess antiproliferative activity on cancer cells; however, the combined effect of both types of compounds has been scarcely studied, and this approach could give valuable information on the real anticancer potential of tree nuts. In the present study, the antiproliferative activity of pure tocols and phenolic compounds, tocol- and phenolic-rich extracts (TRE and PRE, respectively) from tree nuts and the extracts combina

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10

Delgado, Amélia, Said Al-Hamimi, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, et al. "Contribution of Tocols to Food Sensorial Properties, Stability, and Overall Quality." Journal of Food Quality 2020 (December 3, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8885865.

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This paper reviews the contribution of tocopherols and tocotrienols (tocols) to food quality as well as their bioactivity and health-promoting properties, which have attracted researchers and food technologists. Tocols are lipophilic phenolic antioxidants encompassing tocopherols that are characterized by a saturated side chain and tocotrienols with an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain. Tocols are natural constituents of several foods like dairy, vegetable oils, nuts, and grains. Their presence in foods, namely, as food additives, helps prevent lipid oxidation, which negatively affects the sen

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11

Laghouati, Amel, Rafik Belabbas, Simona Mattioli, et al. "Effect of an extender enriched with algerian date palm pollen on chilled semen characteristics of rabbit bucks at different ages." World Rabbit Science 31, no. 2 (2023): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2023.18703.

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In the present study, we evaluated the effect of various concentrations of date palm pollen (DPP) aqueous extract on rabbit sperm during storage at 4°C for 48 h. Semen was collected from old and young rabbit bucks using an artificial vagina and initially evaluated for sperm quality. The sperm were diluted in Tris buffer supplemented with (20, 40, 80 mg/mL) of DPP aqueous extract. The extended samples were stored at 4°C for 48 h. Sperm motility and motion kinetics were assessed after 2, 4, 24 and 48 h of storage. At each time, an aliquot was frozen for the analytical evaluation of thiobarbituri

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12

Estivi, Lorenzo, Gabriella Pasini, Amel Betrouche, et al. "Antioxidant Bioaccessibility of Cooked Gluten-Free Pasta Enriched with Tomato Pomace or Linseed Meal." Foods 13, no. 22 (2024): 3700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13223700.

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Gluten-free products lack bioactive compounds, while vegetable wastes from food manufacturing are still rich in nutrients. This study compared the antioxidants of gluten-free pastas enriched with vegetable by-products: the control formulation (66.7% rice and 33.3% fava bean flours) was enriched with 10% or 15% of tomato waste (TO) or defatted linseed cake (LI). Carotenoids, tocols, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and FRAP) were determined in the cooked pasta as well as in the soluble and insoluble fractions after in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion. The cooked enriched pastas showed

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13

Fratianni, Alessandra, Serena Niro, Annacristina D'Agostino, et al. "Tocols and fatty acids as markers of the origin of vegetable oils and fats in bakery products." Italian Journal of Food Science 36, no. 4 (2024): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/ijfs.v36i4.2733.

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This study reports an approach combining the use of tocols and fatty acids as variables to separate different bakery products with respect to the oil/fat used as ingredients. The tocol and fatty acid profiles were investigated in 12 biscuits prepared with different fats/oils. Based on different profiles, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify samples according to their fat/oil ingredients. The PCA found three components that are able to explain approximately 71% of total variance, and it proved useful in characterizing products. The tested approach was validated on 33 commerci

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14

Navarro del Hierro, Joaquín, Guillermo Reglero, and Diana Martin. "Chemical Characterization and Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds from Saponin-Rich Extracts and Their Acid-Hydrolysates Obtained from Fenugreek and Quinoa." Foods 9, no. 9 (2020): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9091159.

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Saponin-rich extracts from edible seeds have gained increasing interest and their hydrolysis to sapogenin-rich extracts may be an effective strategy to enhance their potential bioactivity. However, it remains necessary to study the resulting chemical modifications of the extracts after hydrolysis as well as their impact on the subsequent bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds. The chemical composition of non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed extracts from fenugreek (FE, HFE) and quinoa (QE, HQE), and the bioaccessibility of saponins, sapogenins and other bioactive compounds after an in vitro gastroin

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15

Setiowati, R. D., Ernayunita, F. R. Panjaitan, C. Mardiana, and M. I. Lubis. "Prospective oil palm (Elaeis sp) materials for high tocotrienol content." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1308, no. 1 (2024): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1308/1/012050.

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Abstract Crude palm oil (CPO) contains various forms of vitamin E, including tocopherol, tocotrienol and a small amount of tocomonoenol, collectively known as tocols. Among these, tocotrienol is dominant in CPO, constituting approximately 70% of the total tocols; unlike tocopherol, which is known for its anti-ageing properties, tocotrienol exhibits potent antioxidant activities, 60 times stronger than tocopherol. Tocotrienol is recognized for its diverse health benefits as a neuroprotective, nephroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory agent. Consequent

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16

Adhikari, Prakash, Keum Taek Hwang, Min Kyung Shin, et al. "Tocols in caneberry seed oils." Food Chemistry 111, no. 3 (2008): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.038.

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17

Pasini, Federica, Ana Maria Gómez-Caravaca, Thierry Blasco, Jelena Cvejić, Maria Fiorenza Caboni, and Vito Verardo. "Assessment of Lipid Quality in Commercial Omega-3 Supplements Sold in the French Market." Biomolecules 12, no. 10 (2022): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12101361.

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Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids is considered a valuable strategy to supply the low intake of these fatty acids. Thus, the safety of the supplements is an important milestone. Because of that, we analyzed 20 unflavored supplements sold in the French market for fatty acid and triglyceride composition, for EPA and DHA, and for tocol content, as well as for oxidative status. This study found that only 2.5% of the supplements did not meet their label claims for omega-3 content. TAG analysis showed high variability among the triglyceride distribution, and the same trend was also noticed for

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18

PIK SEAH, GOH. "PRODUCTION OF TOCOLS NANOEMULSION BY ULTRASONICATION." Journal of Oil Palm Research 28, no. 1 (2016): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21894/jopr.2016.2801.14.

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19

Singh, Pankaj K., and Sunil Krishnan. "Vitamin E Analogs as Radiation Response Modifiers." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/741301.

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The potentially life-threatening effects of total body ionizing radiation exposure have been known for more than a century. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the effects of radiation over the past six decades, efforts to identify effective radiation countermeasures for use in case of a radiological/nuclear emergency have been largely unsuccessful. Vitamin E is known to have antioxidant properties capable of scavenging free radicals, which have critical roles in radiation injuries. Tocopherols and tocotrienols, vitamin E analogs together known as tocols, have shown promise a

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20

Nehdia, I. A., N. Abutaha, H. M. Sbihi, C. P. Tan, and S. I. Al-Resayes. "Chemical composition, oxidative stability and antiproliferative activity of Anethum graveolens (dill) seed hexane extract." Grasas y Aceites 71, no. 3 (2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0455191.

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This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties, chemical composition, and antiproliferative activity of the hexane extract of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) seeds using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Two fractions, namely the lipid fraction (74%) and volatile fraction (26%), were detected. The extract content of the seeds was about 9.4% and the extract had a pleasant spicy aroma. Oleic acid (52%), cis-vaccenic acid (6.2%), linoleic acid (5.5%), and palmitic acid (3.3%) were the key fatty acids in the lipid fraction, while apiol (23%) and d-carvone (2.4%) were the maj

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21

Nukala, Ujwani, Shraddha Thakkar, Kimberly Krager, Philip Breen, Cesar Compadre, and Nukhet Aykin-Burns. "Antioxidant Tocols as Radiation Countermeasures (Challenges to be Addressed to Use Tocols as Radiation Countermeasures in Humans)." Antioxidants 7, no. 2 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox7020033.

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22

Boffa, Luisa, Emanuela Calcio Gaudino, Giorgio Grillo, et al. "Industrial Production of Bioactive Nutrient-Enhanced Extra Virgin Olive Oil under Continuous-Flow Ultrasound and Pulsed Electric Field Treatment." Foods 13, no. 16 (2024): 2613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13162613.

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Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet. Many studies have highlighted its crucial preventive role against cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndrome and cancer, with these effects being due to the synergistic anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of minor components, such as polyphenols and tocols. The aim of the present study is to implement new technologies for olive oil mills and develop an efficient large-sized industrial process for the continuous extraction of healthier EVOOs that are enriched with these bioactive comp

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23

Dolde, David, and Tong Wang. "Oxidation of Corn Oils with Spiked Tocols." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 88, no. 11 (2011): 1759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1853-5.

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24

Pluháčková, Helena, Karolína Benešová, Jaroslava Ehrenbergerová, and Blanka Kocourková. "The content of vitamine E in hop cones of the Saaz variety." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 3 (2013): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361030777.

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The activity of vitamin E, total content of tocols and the content of individual isomers: α-tocopherols, β-tocopherols, γ-tocopherols and δ-tocopherols was monitored in samples of hop cones of the world-important Saaz variety. Hop cone samples originated from hop-breeding area Tršice, Czech Republic. The method used for the determination of vitamin E in barley was modified and used for this quantitative analysis. The results indicate that monitored characteristics are influenced by the year of harvest (2010 or 2011) but also by the age of hop-gardens (hop bucks). High values of vitamin E activ

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25

Han, N. M., C. Y. May, M. A. Ngan, C. C. Hock, and M. A. Hashim. "Isolation of Palm Tocols Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography." Journal of Chromatographic Science 42, no. 10 (2004): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/42.10.536.

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26

Eddaoudi, Fatima Ezzahra, Hamza El Moudden, Chakir El Guezzane, Mohammed Saber, Hicham Harhar, and Mohamed Tabyaoui. "Effect of extraction process on quality of oil from Asphodelus tenuifolius seeds." OCL 30 (2023): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2023020.

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In this study, Asphodelus tenuifolius (ATO) seeds oils were extracted by three different extraction methods, namely Soxhlet extraction (SE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). The physicochemical properties, fatty acids, sterols, tocols, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of ATO seed were examined and compared. The best extraction yield was from SE (21.97 ± 0.01%), followed by MAE (19.28 ± 0.13%) while that of UAE was the lowest (16.5 ± 0.1%). Analysis of the chemical composition of these oils showed that linoleic acid and β-sitosterol were

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27

Huang, Baifen, Zengxuan Cai, Jingshun Zhang та Jiaojiao Xu. "An Efficient Solid-Phase Extraction-Based Liquid Chromatography Method to Simultaneously Determine Diastereomers α-Tocopherol, Other Tocols, and Retinol Isomers in Infant Formula". Journal of Food Quality 2021 (19 березня 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5591620.

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The separation and simultaneous quantitation of diastereomers of DL-α-tocopherol, eight tocol forms, and retinols (trans and cis) have been conducted by reversed-phase liquid chromatography followed by solid-phase extraction. A chiral silica stationary phase modified with polysaccharide derivative on the monodisperse macroporous silica gel (Unichiral OD-5H column, 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, NanoMicro Technology Co., Ltd.) was employed for eluting each target compound. Instead of conventional solvent extract, a green and eco-friendly solid-phase extraction column, packing with nonpolar polystyrene

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28

Zeng, Haiying, Likang Qin, Xiaoyan Liu, and Song Miao. "Increases of Lipophilic Antioxidants and Anticancer Activity of Coix Seed Fermented by Monascus purpureus." Foods 10, no. 3 (2021): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030566.

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Lipophilic tocols, γ-oryzanol, and coixenolide in coix seed before and after fermentation by Monascus purpureus were determined. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of raw and fermented coix seed were evaluated using free-radical-scavenging assays and polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation model, and human laryngeal carcinoma cell HEp2, respectively. Compared to the raw seed, the tocols, γ-oryzanol, and coixenolide contents increased approximately 4, 25, and 2 times, respectively, in the fermented coix seed. Especially, γ-tocotrienol and γ-oryzanol reached 72.5 and 655.0 μg/g in the fermented

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29

Saini, Ramesh Kumar, Ji-Woo Yu, Min-Ho Song, et al. "Profiling of Redox-Active Lipophilic Constituents in Leaf Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) Cultivars Using LC–MS and GC–MS." Antioxidants 11, no. 12 (2022): 2464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122464.

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Leaf mustard is an important commercial and culinary vegetable. However, only limited information is available on the content and composition of the nutritionally important lipophilic constituents in these leaves. This research presents information on the contents and composition of carotenoids, tocols, phytosterols, and fatty acids in four cultivars of leaf mustard. The carotenoids and tocols were analyzed utilizing liquid chromatography (LC)–mass spectrometry (MS) with single ion monitoring (SIM), while phytosterols and fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)–MS and GC-flame

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30

Suriano, Serafino, Anna Iannucci, Pasquale Codianni, et al. "Carotenoids and tocols content in genotypes of colored barley." Journal of Cereal Science 96 (November 2020): 103110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103110.

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31

Weber, Evelyn J. "Carotenoids and tocols of corn grain determined by HPLC." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 64, no. 8 (1987): 1129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02612988.

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32

Masson, Lilia, Conrado Camilo, Katherine Gonzalez, Andrea Caceres, Neuza Jorge, and Esperanza M. Torija. "New Sources of Oilseeds from Latin American Native Fruits." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 3 (2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300310.

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Three Latin American oilseeds obtained from native fruits: nopal (tuna) ( Opuntia ficus-indica), cherimoya (chirimoya) ( Annona cherimola), and papaya, Chilean variety ( Carica pubescens or C. candamarcensis) were studied for their fatty acid composition and bioactive compounds, such as tocols and phytosterols, looking for new sources of special oilseeds for this region. The results indicated that each species represents an interesting possibility. Nopal oilseed is a good source of linoleic acid (62%), with a good balance between SFA and MUFA (1:1.3). Cherimoya oilseed presents quite a differe

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33

Šarčević, Hrvoje, Miroslav Bukan, Vlatko Galić, et al. "Genetic Variability of Tocol Content in a Genebank Collection of Temperate Maize Inbred Lines from Southeastern Europe." Agronomy 14, no. 2 (2024): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020269.

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Maize is considered a promising candidate for biofortification through breeding, given its widespread cultivation and significance as a food crop. This cost-effective and sustainable approach could be used to increase the content of different tocol compounds, i.e., vitamin E, in maize grain due to the well-documented genetic variability. In the present study, an evaluation of the content of nine different tocol traits was performed in a genebank collection of 88 inbred lines of temperate maize grown at two locations in Croatia in 2019. A large genotypic variability within the studied material

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34

Tiwari, U., and E. Cummins. "Nutritional importance and effect of processing on tocols in cereals." Trends in Food Science & Technology 20, no. 11-12 (2009): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2009.06.001.

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35

Abidi, S. L., and T. L. Mounts. "Separations of tocopherols and methylated tocols on cyclodextrin-bonded silica." Journal of Chromatography A 670, no. 1-2 (1994): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9673(94)80281-5.

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36

Fratianni, Alessandra, Tiziana Di Criscio, Rossella Mignogna, and Gianfranco Panfili. "Carotenoids, tocols and retinols evolution during egg pasta – making processes." Food Chemistry 131, no. 2 (2012): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.034.

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37

Constantinides, Panayiotis P., Jihong Han, and Stanley S. Davis. "Advances in the Use of Tocols as Drug Delivery Vehicles." Pharmaceutical Research 23, no. 2 (2006): 243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-005-9262-9.

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38

Squeo, Giacomo, Roccangelo Silletti, Giulia Napoletano, et al. "Characterization and Effect of Refining on the Oil Extracted from Durum Wheat By-Products." Foods 11, no. 5 (2022): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11050683.

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Durum wheat is one of the most important cereal grains worldwide, used mostly for pasta making and bakery products. The by-products derived for the milling process, although very abundant, have only limited use. The aim of this work was to characterize the oils extracted from the by-products of debranning (DP) and milling processes (MP) of durum wheat and to follow the changes due to the refining process on the minor components. The results showed that DP had significantly higher oil content than MP, but it was characterized by a significantly lower amount of tocols. Polyunsaturated fatty acid

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39

Rodrigues, Mayara S., Rafaela M. Dos Passos, Paula V. de A. Pontes, et al. "Enzymatic Degumming of Rice Bran Oil Using Different Commercial Phospholipases and Their Cocktails." Life 11, no. 11 (2021): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11111197.

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Rice bran oil is a highly nutritious vegetable oil, as it is rich in tocols and γ-oryzanol. Degumming is the first step in the vegetable oil refining process, and its main objective is the removal of phospholipids or gums. In the present study, enzymatic degumming trials were performed on crude rice bran oil using the phospholipases PLA1, Purifine® PLC, their mixture (PLA1/PLC), and a cocktail known as Purifine® 3G. Enzymatic degumming applying 50 mg/kg of PLA1 for 120 min resulted in a residual phosphorus content of 10.4 mg/kg and an absolute free fatty acid increase of 0.30%. Enzymatic degum

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Betrouche, Amel, Lorenzo Estivi, Davide Colombo, et al. "Antioxidant Properties of Gluten-Free Pasta Enriched with Vegetable By-Products." Molecules 27, no. 24 (2022): 8993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248993.

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The only therapy for coeliac disease patients is to completely avoid foods containing gluten, a protein complex common in several small-grain cereals. However, many alternative gluten-free foods available on the market present nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the composition and the antioxidant properties of gluten-free pasta enriched with 10% or 15% of tomato waste or linseed meal, two food industry by-products. The traits analysed were protein, lipid, ash and fibre content, heat damage, tocols, carotenoids and phenolics composition (by HPLC), anti

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Catzeddu, Pasquale, Simonetta Fois, Valentina Tolu, et al. "Quality Evaluation of Fresh Pasta Fortified with Sourdough Containing Wheat Germ and Wholemeal Semolina." Foods 12, no. 14 (2023): 2641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12142641.

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Pasta is a staple food in the Mediterranean diet, primarily manufactured with two essential ingredients, semolina and water; nowadays, it is often supplemented with functional ingredients. In this work, a sourdough obtained with wheat germ and wholemeal semolina was used, in order to improve sensorial and nutritional properties of fresh pasta, to prevent lipids oxidation, and to improve the shelf life. Three different formulations were prepared, a first one using semolina, a second one with raw wheat germ, wholemeal semolina, and semolina, and the last one with semolina and sourdough. The stud

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Lyashenko, Svetlana, Tarik Chileh-Chelh, Miguel Ángel Rincón-Cervera, et al. "Screening of Lesser-Known Salted–Dried Fish Species for Fatty Acids, Tocols, and Squalene." Foods 12, no. 5 (2023): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12051083.

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The fillets and roes of 29 species of dry-salted fishes consumed in Eurasian countries were analyzed for fatty acids (FAs), tocols, and squalene, looking for derived health benefits. FAs were analyzed by GC-FID, and tocols and squalene were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. With some exceptions, docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6n-3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3), and arachidonic (ARA, 20:4n-6) acids were the prominent polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The fillets of Scardinius erythrophthalmus reached the highest amounts of total FAs, ARA, and DHA (23.1, 1.82, and 2.49 mg/100 g). The fillets of Seriola qui

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Singh, V. K., P. L. P. Romaine, V. L. Newman, and T. M. Seed. "Tocols induce G-CSF and mobilise progenitors that mitigate radiation injury." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 162, no. 1-2 (2014): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu223.

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Ko, Soon-Nam, Tae-Yeoul Ha, Seung In Hong, et al. "Enrichment of tocols from rice germ oil using supercritical carbon dioxide." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 47, no. 4 (2012): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02905.x.

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Hassanien, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan. "Plant Sterols and Tocols Profile of Vegetable Oils Consumed in Egypt." International Journal of Food Properties 16, no. 3 (2013): 574–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2011.557758.

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Hidalgo, Alyssa, Andrea Brandolini, Carlo Pompei, and Roberta Piscozzi. "Carotenoids and tocols of einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum L.)." Journal of Cereal Science 44, no. 2 (2006): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2006.06.002.

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Nanda, Doris, Germain Kansci, Sylvain Rafflegeau, Claire Bourlieu, Georges Ngando Ebongue, and Claude Genot. "Impact of post-harvest storage and freezing of palm fruits on the extraction yield and quality of African crude palm oil extracted in the laboratory." OCL 27 (2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020046.

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In the frame of African artisanal small-scale extraction of palm oil, the effects of post-harvest storage time and freezing of palm fruits on the extraction yield and quality of crude palm oil (CPO) were studied at laboratory scale using a process mimicking artisanal extraction. The extraction yield and free fatty acid (FFA) content of CPO increased with the length of fruit storage time at room temperature and freezing. FFA, total fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles indicated a lack of specificity of the lipases at work. During post-harvest storage, the carotenoid content of CPO decreased

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Akin, G., F. N. Arslan, S. N. Karuk Elmasa, and I. Yilmaz. "Cold-pressed pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo L.) oils from the central Anatolia region of Turkey: Characterization of phytosterols, squalene, tocols, phenolic acids, carotenoids and fatty acid bioactive compounds." Grasas y Aceites 69, no. 1 (2018): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0668171.

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There is a growing interest in cold-pressed oils because they present high contents of bioactive compounds. These oils have the characteristic properties of seeds and are specific products of their regions. The aim of this study was to determine the compositions and contents of fatty acids, phytosterols, squalene, tocols, phenolic acids, carotenoids and phenolic bioactives, and the free radical scavenging as well as antioxidant activities of cold-pressed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed oils. Oil samples from raw pumpkin seeds cultivated in four different central Anatolia regions of Turkey wer

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Keflie, Tibebeselassie. "Stinging Nettle (Urtica simensis) as Potential Resource of Vitamin E." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (2020): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa067_042.

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Abstract Objectives The aim of the current study was to assay the content of vitamin E in stinging nettle (Urtica simensis) Methods Urtica simensis type of stinging nettle is an indigenous wild plant which is widely growing in different parts of Ethiopia. Samples of leaves were collected from Chacha, one of the central highlands in Ethiopia and portioned into sun dried, shade dried and lyophilized groups. For comparison, samples of leaves were also taken from spinach. Vitamin E family such as tocopherols ((α, β, γ, and λ) and tocotrienols (α, β, γ, and λ) were determined using high performance

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Fratianni, Alessandra, Donatella Albanese, Giuseppe Ianiri, et al. "Evaluation of the Content of Minerals, B-Group Vitamins, Tocols, and Carotenoids in Raw and In-House Cooked Wild Edible Plants." Foods 13, no. 3 (2024): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13030472.

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Notwithstanding the increased interest in wild edible plants, little is known on how some domestic thermal processes can affect their content. The aim of this study was to investigate the amounts of minerals, B1 and B2 vitamins, tocols, and carotenoids in raw, boiled, and steamed wild edible plants, namely, Sonchus asper (L.) Hill s.l., Sonchus oleraceus L., Cichorium intybus L., and Beta vulgaris L. var cicla. All vegetables were confirmed as high sources of lutein (from 6 to 9 mg/100 g) and β-carotene (from 2 to 5 mg/100 g). Quite high amounts of violaxanthin and neoxanthin were found. Alfa-

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