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Journal articles on the topic 'Tocolyse'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Barrier, G. "Magnésium et tocolyse." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 4, no. 5 (January 1985): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(85)80285-9.

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2

Carrez, S., and J. Sibiude. "Tocolyse d’entretien par nifédipine." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 41, no. 7-8 (July 2013): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2013.05.005.

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3

Durlach, J., M. Bara, and A. Guiet-Bara. "Bêta-mimétiques, magnésium et tocolyse." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 4, no. 4 (January 1985): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(85)80119-2.

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4

Rozenberg, P. "Le point sur la tocolyse." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 44, no. 8 (October 2015): 752–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2015.06.015.

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5

Carbillon, L. "Tocolyse dans les situations pathologiques particulières." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 33, no. 1 (February 2004): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0368-2315(04)96664-1.

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6

Gondry, J. "Tocolyse de première intention par atosiban." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 33, no. 4 (April 2005): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.03.014.

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7

Tsatsaris, V., F. Goffinet, B. Carbonne, G. Abitayeh, and D. Cabrol. "Tocolyse de première intention par nifédipine." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 33, no. 4 (April 2005): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.03.015.

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8

Maisonneuve, E., and B. Carbonne. "Tocolyse d’entretien par les inhibiteurs calciques." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 44, no. 4 (April 2015): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2014.12.009.

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9

Hannah, W. J. "Une tocolyse efficace—Notre quête du Saint-Graal." Journal SOGC 17, no. 11 (November 1995): 1063–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0849-5831(16)30181-1.

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10

Bekkari, Y., J. Lucas, T. Beillat, A. Chéret, and M. Dreyfus. "Tocolyse par la nifédipine. Utilisation en pratique courante." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 33, no. 7-8 (July 2005): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.05.020.

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11

Boog, G. "Tocolyse par la nifédipine. Utilisation en pratique courante." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 33, no. 12 (December 2005): 1054–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.10.005.

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12

Marpeau, L. "Tocolyse par la nifédipine. Utilisation en pratique courante." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 33, no. 12 (December 2005): 1053–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.10.008.

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13

Closset, E., P. Vaast, and D. Subtil. "Tocolyse par la nifédipine. Utilisation en pratique courante." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 34, no. 1 (January 2006): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.12.004.

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Carbonne, B. "Tocolyse par la nifédipine. Utilisation en pratique courante." Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 34, no. 1 (January 2006): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.12.014.

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15

Nguon, B., V. Zupan-Simunek, F. Audibert, and N. Preaux. "Tocolyse par les inhibiteurs calciques et hémorragies intraventriculaires." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 36, no. 3 (May 2007): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2007.02.014.

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16

Delorme, P., and C. Le Ray. "Efficacité et tolérance des inhibiteurs calciques en tocolyse." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 44, no. 4 (April 2015): 324–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2015.01.015.

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17

Messika, J., N. Berkane, A. Parrot, H. Prigent, C. Mayaud, and M. Fartoukh. "Œdème pulmonaire au cours de la tocolyse par les inhibiteurs calciques." Revue des Maladies Respiratoires 23 (January 2006): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0761-8425(06)72311-7.

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18

Simon, E. G., and F. Perrotin. "L’usage hors AMM des inhibiteurs calciques en tocolyse – méthodes et organisation." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 44, no. 4 (April 2015): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2014.12.014.

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19

Carbonne, B., and N. Winer. "Traitements hors AMM en obstétrique : tocolyse par les inhibiteurs calciques. Introduction." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 44, no. 4 (April 2015): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2015.01.014.

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20

Doret, M., and G. Kayem. "La tocolyse en cas de menace d’accouchement prématuré à membranes intactes." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 45, no. 10 (December 2016): 1374–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2016.09.018.

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21

Clouqueur, E., S. Gautier, P. Vaast, C. Coulon, P. Deruelle, D. Subtil, and V. Debarge. "Effets indésirables des inhibiteurs calciques utilisés dans le cadre de la tocolyse." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 44, no. 4 (April 2015): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2014.12.012.

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22

Philippe, H. J., A. Le Trong, H. Pigeau, D. Demeure, P. Desjars, J. Esbelin, Y. Caroit, and N. Winer. "Œdème aigu du poumon lors d’une tocolyse par nicardipine chez une grossesse gémellaire." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 38, no. 1 (February 2009): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2008.07.001.

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23

Vercoustre, L. "La tocolyse dans la rupture prématurée de la poche des eaux : un non-sens ?" Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 36, no. 3 (March 2008): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.01.001.

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24

Parant, O., R. Deudon, J. Bennevent, C. Viard, C. Damase-Michel, and B. Guyard-Boileau. "Utilisation des inhibiteurs des canaux calciques (ICC) en tocolyse en France et à l’étranger." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 44, no. 4 (April 2015): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgyn.2014.12.016.

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25

Janower, S., B. Carbonne, V. Lejeune, D. Apfelbaum, F. Boccara, and A. Cohen. "Œdème pulmonaire aigu lors d’une menace d’accouchement prématuré : rôle de la tocolyse par la nicardipine." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 34, no. 8 (December 2005): 807–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0368-2315(05)82958-8.

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26

Eliat, C., L. Lassel, Y. M. Guillou, and G. Le Bouar. "Bêta2-mimétiques intraveineux pour tocolyse au cours de la prééclampsie : deux cas d’œdème aigu du poumon." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 21, no. 9 (November 2002): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(02)00786-4.

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27

Chapuis, C., E. Menthonnex, G. Debaty, F. X. Koch, E. Rancurel, P. Menthonnex, and J. C. Pons. "Œdème aigu du poumon au décours d’une tocolyse par nicardipine et salbutamol lors d’une menace d’accouchement prématuré sur grossesse gémellaire." La Revue Sage-Femme 5, no. 1 (June 2006): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1637-4088(06)76027-8.

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28

Chapuis, C., E. Menthonnex, G. Debaty, F. X. Koch, E. Rancurel, P. Menthonnex, and J. C. Pons. "Œdème aigu du poumon au décours d’une tocolyse par nicardipine et salbutamol lors d’une menace d’accouchement prématuré sur grossesse gémellaire." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 34, no. 5 (September 2005): 493–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0368-2315(05)82858-3.

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29

Hanley, Margaret, Lauren Sayres, Emily S. Reiff, Amber Wood, Chad A. Grotegut, and Jeffrey A. Kuller. "Tocolysis." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 74, no. 1 (January 2019): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ogx.0000000000000635.

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30

Dias, Tabata, Mariana Fava, Renato Passini Júnior, Jose Cecatti, Ricardo Tedesco, Giuliane Lajos, Patricia Rehder, Marcelo Nomura, Paulo Oliveira, and Maria Costa. "Tocolysis among Women with Preterm Birth: Associated Factors and Outcomes from a Multicenter Study in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics 40, no. 04 (April 2018): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642025.

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Objective To evaluate the use of tocolysis in cases of preterm birth due to spontaneous preterm labor in a Brazilian sample. Methods A sample of 1,491 women with preterm birth due to spontaneous preterm labor were assessed, considering treatment with tocolysis or expectant management, according to gestational age at birth (< 34 weeks and 34 to 36 + 6 weeks) and drugs prescribed. The study took place in 20 Brazilian hospitals from April 2011 to July 2012. Bivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate associations with sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and odds ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated for maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results A total of 1,491 cases of preterm birth were considered. Tocolysis was performed in 342 cases (23%), 233 of which (68.1%) were delivered before 34 weeks. Within the expectant management group, 73% was late preterm and with more advanced labor at the time of admission. The most used drugs were calcium channel blockers (62.3%), followed by betamimetics (33%). Among the subjects in the tocolysis group, there were more neonatal and maternal complications (majority non-severe) and an occurrence of corticosteroid use that was 29 higher than in the expectant management group. Conclusion Tocolysis is favored in cases of earlier labor and also among those with less than 34 weeks of gestation, using preferably calcium channel blockers, with success in achieving increased corticosteroid use. Tocolysis, in general, was related to higher maternal and neonatal complication rates, which may be due to the baseline difference between cases at admission. However, these results should raise awareness to tocolysis use.
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31

Serena, Claire, Emmanuelle Begot, Jérôme Cros, Charles Hodler, Anne Laure Fedou, Nathalie Nathan-Denizot, and Marc Clavel. "Nicardipine-Induced Acute Pulmonary Edema: A Rare but Severe Complication of Tocolysis." Case Reports in Critical Care 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/242703.

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We report four cases of acute pulmonary edema that occurred during treatment by intravenous tocolysis using nicardipine in pregnancy patients with no previous heart problems. Clinical severity justified hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU) each time. Acute dyspnea has begun at an average of 63 hours after initiation of treatment. For all patients, the first diagnosis suspected was pulmonary embolism. The patients' condition improved rapidly with appropriate diuretic treatment and by modifying the tocolysis. The use of intravenous nicardipine is widely used for tocolysis in France even if its prescription does not have a marketing authorization. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this complication remain unclear. The main reported risk factors are spontaneous preterm labor, multiple pregnancy, concomitant obstetrical disease, association with beta-agonists, and fetal lung maturation corticotherapy. A better knowledge of this rare but serious adverse event should improve the management of patients. Nifedipine or atosiban, the efficiency of which tocolysis was also studied, could be an alternative.
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32

Rozenberg, P. "Tocolyser avec ou sans AMM ?" Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 33, no. 4 (April 2005): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gyobfe.2005.03.013.

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33

Баев, О. Р., О. Н. Васильченко, А. О. Карапетян, Н. К. Тетруашвили, and З. С. Ходжаева. "СРАВНЕНИЕ ТОКОЛИЗА ГЕКСОПРЕНАЛИНОМ И АТОЗИБАНОМ." Medical Council, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2017-2-57-61.

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The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of tocolytic agents - atosiban and hexoprenaline.Patients and methods: The study included 119 pregnant women with threatening preterm labour between 28 to 34 weeks of gestation. Sixty two pregnant received 62 tocolysis by hexoprenaline and fifty seven - atosiban. There were no differences in the clinical condition of pregnant women and features of preterm labour among groups before start of the tocolysis.The degree of effectiveness is determined by the duration of the pregnancy prolongation (48 hours, 7 days, more than 14 days).Results: 9 women of 62 that received hexoprenaline tocolysis (22,6%), and 2 – atosiban (3.5%) failed to prolong the pregnancy for more than 48 hours (p < 0,05). Additionally, 5 women of the hexoprenaline group had premature labour within the first week from the treatment start and eight within 7-14 days. In the group of women with an effective atosiban tocolysis all births took place in a range of more than 7 days from the beginning of tocolysis. Four woman in hexoprenaline group received one repeated course of therapy with this drug (without a loading dose) for 24 hours. In atosiban group full repeated course was conducted in the two cases. Full-term gestation births occurred in 14 women (22.6%) after hexoprenaline tocolysis and in 19 (33.3%) – atosiban (p > 0,05%). On average, atosiban tocolysis allowed to prolong pregnancy by 6.5 days longer than hexoprenaline (p < 0,05).Conclusion: The results of study has shown that atosiban is more effective than hexoprenaline in pregnancy prolongation for more than 48 hours in threatening preterm labor.
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34

Thornton, James G. "Maintenance tocolysis." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 112 (February 16, 2005): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00599.x.

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35

Sandmire, Herbert F. "Whither Tocolysis?" Birth 23, no. 1 (March 1996): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536x.1996.tb00459.x.

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36

Chandraharan, Edwin, and Sabaratnam Arulkumaran. "Acute tocolysis." Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 17, no. 2 (April 2005): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.gco.0000162184.45854.88.

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37

Baev, O. R., O. N. Vasilchenko, and A. O. Karapetyan. "Modern tocolysis and adverse effects of tocolytics." Gynecology 20, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/2079-5696_2018.2.46-50.

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Relevance. Toсolytic therapy is the only method that is used in the treatment of pregnant women with preterm labor. However, the effectiveness and safety of this therapy is still a matter of debate. One of the least studied issues of this problem is the safety of therapy, which is primarily manifested by the frequency of side effects. The aim is to carry out a comparative study of the safety of the most common tocolytic agents - atosiban, nifedipine and hexoprenaline sulfate. Material and methods. The study included 173 pregnant women with threatening premature births in a period of 28 to 34 weeks. In 54 cases, tocolysis with nifedipinum, 57 with atosiban, 62 with hexoprenaline was performed. To assess the effectiveness of tocolysis, clinical and instrumental methods of control (ultrasound with cervicometry) were used. The primary outcome points were the frequency of prolongation of pregnancy at 48 h and the incidence of side effects, including those requiring the termination of tocolysis. Results. Prolongation of pregnancy at 48 h was achieved in groups of nifedipine, atosiban and hexoprenaline sulfate, respectively in 46 (85.19%), 55 (96.49%) and 53 (77.40%) pregnant. Atosiban showed significantly higher efficacy. In 8 cases of tocolysis with nifedipine and 3 - hexoprenaline, the tocolysis protocol was not performed due to intolerance of treatment. In these observations, the highest frequency of preterm labor occurred. After excluding these observations from the analysis of differences in the frequency of prolongation of pregnancy was not. The overall frequency of adverse events in the groups was 38.9, 12.3 and 82.3%, and was significantly lower in the atosiban group than nifedipine and hexoprenaline sulfate. Conclusions. The effectiveness of tocolysis is affected by the tolerability of the drugs. Atosiban showed the best of the three drug safety profile. With comparable efficacy, atosiban has proven to be a drug that, to a greater extent than nifedipine and hexoprenaline sulfate, meets the current requirements for tocolytic drugs.
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38

Mulisya, Olivier, Mbusa Mastaki, Tambavira Gertrude, Kyakimwa Tasi, and Jeff K. Mathe. "Spontaneous Massive Vulvar Edema in Pregnancy: A Case Report." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018 (October 1, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7651254.

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Spontaneous massive vulvar edema in pregnancy is unusual and a cause for concern. This condition should be taken seriously since it might be caused by some conditions such as preeclampsia, diabetes, vulvovaginitis, severe anemia, and neoplasms. We report a case of massive vulvar edema in a 15-year-old primigravida following tocolysis therapy at 33 weeks of gestation. Other causes of vulvar edema were excluded. The vulvar edema appeared spontaneously after tocolysis and rapidly increased in size, associated with severe vulvar pains. The vulvar edema resolved progressively with antibiotics, corticoids, and analgesics. The patient delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery a term live newborn with an unremarkable postpartum period. The aim of this report is to alert clinicians that conservative attempts could be considered for vulvar edema complicating tocolysis.
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39

Stones, William. "Nifedipine for tocolysis." Lancet Global Health 4, no. 1 (January 2016): e24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(15)00214-4.

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40

Roshanfekr, Daniel, and David A. Nagey. "Update on Tocolysis." Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology 18, no. 14 (July 1998): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00256406-199818140-00001.

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41

Grimes, David A., and Kavita Nanda. "Magnesium Sulfate Tocolysis." Obstetrics & Gynecology 108, no. 4 (October 2006): 986–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0000236445.18265.93.

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42

Stoiber, Bernhard, Christian Haslinger, Marie Kristin Schäffer, Roland Zimmermann, and Leonhard Schäffer. "Effect of dual tocolysis with fenoterol and atosiban in human myometrium." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 47, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2018-0010.

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Abstract Objectives To measure the tocolytic effect of the combination of the oxytocin receptor antagonist atosiban with the β-mimetic agent fenoterol on human myometrium of pregnant women. Methods An in vitro study of contractility in human myometrium at the Laboratory of the Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Zürich, Switzerland, was performed. Thirty-six human myometrial biopsies were obtained during elective caesarean sections of singleton pregnancies at term. Tissue samples were exposed to atosiban, fenoterol and the combination of atosiban with fenoterol. Contractility was measured as area under the curve during 30 min of spontaneous contractions. The effect of treatment was expressed as the percentage of change from basal activity during 30 min of exposure. Differences were calculated using a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. An additive effect of dual tocolysis was assumed when no significant difference was detected between the observed and expected inhibition of dual tocolysis. When inhibition was greater or lower than expected, the dual combination was characterised as “synergistic” or “antagonistic”, respectively. Results Atosiban and fenoterol alone suppressed contractions by a median of 43.2% and 29.8%, respectively. The combination of atosiban plus fenoterol was measured at a level of 67.3% inhibition. There was no significant difference in the expected (63.2%) and observed inhibition effect of dual tocolysis (P=0.945). Conclusion This study demonstrated an additive effect of dual tocolysis of atosiban and fenoterol on human myometrium in vitro, but no synergistic or antagonistic effect.
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43

Gureeva, L. V., O. M. Chistyakova, E. K. Paramonova, and O. V. Radkov. "Influence of Tocolytic Therapy with Hexoprenaline on Heart Rate Variability, Lipid Spectrum and Glycemic Level in Obese Pregnant Women." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 6, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2021-6.1.1.

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Background. Obesity is associated with the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Hexoprenaline is the effective and most widely used tocolytic agent, possessing however a significant number of side effects. The effect of hexoprenaline tocolysis on heart rate variability, lipid spectrum and glycaemia level in obese pregnant women remain unexplored.Aim of the research. To study the effect of tocolytic therapy with hexoprenaline on heart rate variability, lipid spectrum and glycemic level in obese pregnant women.Materials and methods. The study included two groups of pregnant women with threatened preterm labor who received tocolysis with hexoprenaline. One group consisted of 68 obese patients, the other – 72 non-obese pregnant women (control group). Patients underwent Holter monitoring. Fasting serum glucose and lipids spectrum were measured before starting tocolytic therapy and after 24 hours of tocolysis.Results. In obese pregnant women with hexoprenaline infusion, the heart rate, the 24-hours number of supraventricular extrasystoles and ventricular extrasystoles during the day are significantly higher. Frequency domain parameters, very low frequency during the day, low frequency at night and 24-hours high frequency were significantly decreased than in control group. After a day of tocolysis in obese pregnant women, the level of total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and glucose significantly increases when compared with the results before therapy. For patients in the control group treated with hexoprenaline, only the concentration of high-density lipoproteins is increased.Conclusion. Obesity in pregnant women receiving hexoprenaline tocolysis is associated with low heart rate variability and an increase in the number of cardiac arrhythmias, as well as lipid disorders and an increase in glucose level.
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44

Durazzo, Alessandra, Amirhossein Nazhand, Massimo Lucarini, Amélia M. Delgado, Maryna De Wit, Kar Lin Nyam, Antonello Santini, and Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan. "Occurrence of Tocols in Foods: An Updated Shot of Current Databases." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (February 12, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8857571.

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Tocols are present in various foods, mostly in fruits and in plant seeds. Edible oils are the most important natural dietary sources of tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as tocols. Tocopherols and tocotrienols are considered beneficial for their antioxidant effect which impacts on prevention of different health conditions. This perspective is addressed to give an updated picture of the tocol occurrence in foods. Moreover, the current state of the art of tocols in updated databases is explored and commented outlining their importance and future trends.
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45

Delgado, Amélia, Said Al-Hamimi, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Maryna De Wit, Alessandra Durazzo, Kar Lin Nyam, and Manel Issaoui. "Contribution of Tocols to Food Sensorial Properties, Stability, and Overall Quality." Journal of Food Quality 2020 (December 3, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8885865.

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This paper reviews the contribution of tocopherols and tocotrienols (tocols) to food quality as well as their bioactivity and health-promoting properties, which have attracted researchers and food technologists. Tocols are lipophilic phenolic antioxidants encompassing tocopherols that are characterized by a saturated side chain and tocotrienols with an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain. Tocols are natural constituents of several foods like dairy, vegetable oils, nuts, and grains. Their presence in foods, namely, as food additives, helps prevent lipid oxidation, which negatively affects the sensorial quality of foods, and even the nutritional value and safety. Supplementation of animals’ diets with tocopherols has proven its effectiveness in preserving fresh color and flavor of the meat. Although alfa-tocopherol displays much higher vitamin E activity than other tocols, health outcomes have been reported for tocotrienols, thus calling for more studies.
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Inagaki, Tetsunori, Shintaro Makino, Takashi Yorifuji, Motoi Sugimura, and Satoru Takeda. "Effectiveness of Heparin during Long-Term Tocolysis." ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013 (March 27, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/650532.

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Objective. Drip infusion during long-term tocolysis causes mechanical and infectious vasculitis and increases the frequency of peripheral venous catheter exchange (PVC), thereby placing a burden on patients. Our study aim is to confirm whether heparin ameliorates pain due to vasculitis during long-term tocolysis and reduces the frequency of peripheral venous catheter exchange. Design. Prospective study. Setting and Sample. All the patients requiring admission because of the presence of uterine contraction or progressive cervical dilatation from August 2009 to June 2011 at Juntendo University in Japan. Methods. Heparin was used for patients at the time the total number of peripheral venous catheter exchanges exceeded 5 in two weeks, and we evaluated whether heparin reduced the frequency of peripheral venous catheter exchange and improved the visual analog scale (VAS) for patients. The main outcome measures frequency of PVC exchange and VAS. Results. This study demonstrated that heparin reduced the frequency of peripheral venous catheter exchange () and VAS (). No side effects were noted. Conclusion. Heparin could satisfy patients during long-term tocolysis in terms of ameliorating pain due to vasculitis and reducing the PVC exchange frequency.
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47

Nakajima, Yoshiyuki, and Naoki Masaoka. "Evaluation of Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, and Amylase Concentrations in Umbilical Blood of Preterm Infants after Long-Term Tocolysis." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/278379.

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Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and amylase levels of preterm infants following long-term tocolysis in pregnant women are limited. The objective of this study was to determine if the tocolytic therapy affects CK, LDH, and amylase levels in the umbilical blood. This study included 215 preterm infants born to women treated with and without ritodrine hydrochloride. CK, LDH, and amylase levels in the umbilical blood at delivery were determined. Infants were divided according to the ritodrine tocolysis, as follows: Group A (n=91), not exposed to ritodrine; Group B (n=44), IV ritodrine for <1 week; Group C (n=80), IV ritodrine for ≥1 week. The CK concentration in cord blood of Group C (198.8±14.2 IU/L) was significantly higher in comparison with Group A (155.0±7.3 IU/L,P<0.05). There was no significant difference in LDH and amylase levels in the three groups. The CK significantly correlated with gestational age (r=0.42,P<0.01) and birth weight (r=0.38,P<0.01). LDH and amylase levels did not change with gestational age nor birth weight. In conclusion, long-term ritodrine tocolysis leads to increased umbilical blood CK level.
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48

Chung, T. "Tocolysis & Cephalic Version." ACOG Clinical Review 2, no. 2 (March 4, 1997): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1085-6862(97)81000-x.

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49

KEIRSE, M. "The history of tocolysis." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 110 (April 2003): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-0328(03)00051-x.

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King, James Forrester. "Tocolysis and preterm labour." Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 16, no. 6 (December 2004): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001703-200412000-00004.

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