Academic literature on the topic 'Tocolytic'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tocolytic"
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Nasreen, Sk Zinnat Ara, Safinaz Shahreen, and Shahnaz Rahman. "Recent Update on Tocolytics for the Management of Preterm Labour." Bangladesh Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 27, no. 1 (October 10, 2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v27i1.29910.
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Tocolysis is the relaxation of the pregnant uterus to postpone delivery. Tocolytics are a wide variety of agents used to suppress uterine contraction given when delivery would result in preterm birth. Preterm birth the most important single determinant of adverse outcome in terms of both survival and quality of life of baby. Although preterm birth is defined as being before 37 completed weeks most mortality and morbidity is experienced by babies born before 34 weeks. Prevention and treatment of preterm birth is important though it is not possible when labour is too advanced, cervix is dilated for more than 4 cm and prolongation of pregnancy is hazardous because of intrauterine infection, placental abruption, IUGR, lethal congenital anomaly, severe PIH, eclampsia, active vaginal bleeding or cardiac disease 1,2. The aim of this paper is to review available data about the tocolytics. The tocolytic therapy also helpful for getting time for the administration of dexamethasone/betamethasone, a glucocorticoid drug which greatly accelerates fetal lung maturity. There is no clear first line tocolytic agent 3,4. Various types of drugs are used, with varying success rates and side effects that includes calcium-channel blockers, ? adrenergic receptor agonists, magnesium sulphate, prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitors, oxytocin receptor antagonists. Their specific effects on myometrial contractility, their safety, their efficiency, doses, route of entry, and side effects profile for the mother and the fetus are presented. The main question which tocolytic should be administrated is discussed.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2012; Vol. 27(1) : 21-26
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Coler, Brahm Seymour, Oksana Shynlova, Adam Boros-Rausch, Stephen Lye, Stephen McCartney, Kelycia B. Leimert, Wendy Xu, et al. "Landscape of Preterm Birth Therapeutics and a Path Forward." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132912.
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Preterm birth (PTB) remains the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Despite 50 years of research, therapeutic options are limited and many lack clear efficacy. Tocolytic agents are drugs that briefly delay PTB, typically to allow antenatal corticosteroid administration for accelerating fetal lung maturity or to transfer patients to high-level care facilities. Globally, there is an unmet need for better tocolytic agents, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Although most tocolytics, such as betamimetics and indomethacin, suppress downstream mediators of the parturition pathway, newer therapeutics are being designed to selectively target inflammatory checkpoints with the goal of providing broader and more effective tocolysis. However, the relatively small market for new PTB therapeutics and formidable regulatory hurdles have led to minimal pharmaceutical interest and a stagnant drug pipeline. In this review, we present the current landscape of PTB therapeutics, assessing the history of drug development, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and the updated literature on drug efficacy. We also review the regulatory hurdles and other obstacles impairing novel tocolytic development. Ultimately, we present possible steps to expedite drug development and meet the growing need for effective preterm birth therapeutics.
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Fullerton, Gail M., Mairead Black, Ashalatha Shetty, and Sohinee Bhattacharya. "Atosiban in the Management of Preterm Labour." Clinical Medicine Insights: Women's Health 4 (January 2011): CMWH.S5125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmwh.s5125.
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The purpose of this review was to look at the evidence available for the use of atosiban as a tocolytic in cases of threatened preterm labour. A Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Green Top Guideline concluded that there was no clear evidence to show a benefit to tocolysis in reducing perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Using a systematic literature search, we summarise the evidence available on the use of atosiban for the prevention of preterm birth and compare it with other commonly used tocolytic agents in terms of efficacy, patient preference and drug safety. We conclude that although atosiban appears to be the tocolytic of choice, a clear benefit of using tocolysis in all cases of threatened preterm labour remains to be justified and clinical management should be tailored according to individual needs.
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Ulrich, Daniela, Verena Schneider, Gerhard Pichler, Josef Haas, Valeriu Culea, Maike Joksch, Corinna Mager, et al. "Neonatal Outcome After Hexoprenaline Compared with Atosiban After Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes." Journal of Fetal Medicine 6, no. 4 (November 25, 2019): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40556-019-00225-7.
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AbstractPreterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) occurs in up to 3% of all pregnancies. Only few comparative studies have investigated potential risks and benefits between different tocolytic substances in women with PPROM. The aim of this study was to compare the neonatal short term outcome after tocolysis with Atosiban or Hexoprenaline in women with PPROM. This is a retrospective observational cohort study of women with PPROM between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation comparing neonatal and maternal outcome after tocolysis with atosiban or hexoprenaline. Outcome parameters were short term neonatal outcome, maternal tocolytic efficacy, effectiveness and tolerability and neonatal neurodevelopmental long-term outcome. Continuous variables were compared using t-Test or Mann–Whitney U test, as appropriate. For categorical variables Chi-square after Pearson and Fisher exact-test were used to compare the two groups. 93 women were included into this study with 42 women receiving hexoprenaline and 51 women receiving atosiban as primary tocolytic treatment. Mean gestational age was 29 weeks in both groups at the time PPROM. No differences were found for any short term neonatal outcome parameters, tocolytic efficacy, effectiveness and tolerability and neonatal neurodevelopmental long-term outcome. Both hexoprenaline and atosiban do not affect the short and long term neonatal outcome in women with PPROM for the time of lung maturation.
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Gureeva, L. V., O. M. Chistyakova, E. K. Paramonova, and O. V. Radkov. "Influence of Tocolytic Therapy with Hexoprenaline on Heart Rate Variability, Lipid Spectrum and Glycemic Level in Obese Pregnant Women." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 6, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2021-6.1.1.
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Background. Obesity is associated with the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Hexoprenaline is the effective and most widely used tocolytic agent, possessing however a significant number of side effects. The effect of hexoprenaline tocolysis on heart rate variability, lipid spectrum and glycaemia level in obese pregnant women remain unexplored.Aim of the research. To study the effect of tocolytic therapy with hexoprenaline on heart rate variability, lipid spectrum and glycemic level in obese pregnant women.Materials and methods. The study included two groups of pregnant women with threatened preterm labor who received tocolysis with hexoprenaline. One group consisted of 68 obese patients, the other – 72 non-obese pregnant women (control group). Patients underwent Holter monitoring. Fasting serum glucose and lipids spectrum were measured before starting tocolytic therapy and after 24 hours of tocolysis.Results. In obese pregnant women with hexoprenaline infusion, the heart rate, the 24-hours number of supraventricular extrasystoles and ventricular extrasystoles during the day are significantly higher. Frequency domain parameters, very low frequency during the day, low frequency at night and 24-hours high frequency were significantly decreased than in control group. After a day of tocolysis in obese pregnant women, the level of total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and glucose significantly increases when compared with the results before therapy. For patients in the control group treated with hexoprenaline, only the concentration of high-density lipoproteins is increased.Conclusion. Obesity in pregnant women receiving hexoprenaline tocolysis is associated with low heart rate variability and an increase in the number of cardiac arrhythmias, as well as lipid disorders and an increase in glucose level.
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Snegovskikh, Denis, Konstantina Svokos, Dmitri Souza, Elizabeth Renaud, Stephen R. Carr, Mark C. Kendall, and Francois I. Luks. "Successful Anesthesia Management of Postoperative Maternal Pulmonary Edema and Uterine Hyperactivity following Open Fetal Myelomeningocele Repair." Case Reports in Anesthesiology 2021 (March 5, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6679845.
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Effective tocolysis is essential after fetal myelomeningocele repair and is associated with the development of pulmonary edema. The increased uterine activity in the immediate postoperative period is commonly treated with magnesium sulfate. However, other tocolytic agents such as nitroglycerine, nifedipine, indomethacin, terbutaline, and atosiban (outside the US) have also been used to combat uterine contractility. The ideal tocolytic regimen which balances the risks and benefits of in-utero surgery has yet to be determined. In this case report, we describe a unique case of fetal myelomeningocele repair complicated by maternal pulmonary edema and increased uterine activity resistant to magnesium sulfate therapy.
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Khoiwal, Susheela, Vandana Patidar, Radha Rastogi, and Bharat Tailor. "A comparative study between nifedipine and isoxsuprine in the suppression of preterm labor pain." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 7 (June 25, 2020): 2886. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202727.
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Background: A prospective study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Nifedipine and Isoxsuprine in suppression of preterm labour pain as tocolytics drug. As preterm labour pain is major contributor for perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of nifedipine and isoxsuprine in threatened preterm labour with the aim of preventing preterm birth and its sequelae.Methods: This study was conducted on 100 patients coming to Pannadhay Rajkiya Mahila Chikitsalaya, RNT Medical College, Udaipur and attending OPD and IPD with complain of uterine contractions between 28-36 weeks of gestation.Results: Nifedipine was more effective than isoxsuprine hydrochloride as tocolytic agent.Conclusions: There is high incidence of preterm labour in India which leads to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Nifedipine is a better tocolytic drug compared to isoxsuprine hydrochloride.
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Lamont, Ronald F., and Jan S. Jørgensen. "Safety and Efficacy of Tocolytics for the Treatment of Spontaneous Preterm Labour." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 5 (June 3, 2019): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190329124214.
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Background: Preterm birth is the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Attempts to reduce the burden may be proactive using biochemical or biophysical prediction and preventative measures. If these efforts fail, then the approach may have to be reactive using tocolytics to inhibit spontaneous preterm labour. Objective: We have reviewed the evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of various classes of tocolytic agents. Results: The evidence to support the use of magnesium sulfate or nitric oxide donors as a tocolytic is poor. Compared to placebo or no treatment, there is evidence to support the efficacy of calcium channel blockers (mainly nifedipine), prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (mainly indomethacin and sulindac), oxytocin receptor antagonists (mainly atosiban) and β2-agonists (mainly ritodrine, terbutaline, salbutamol and fenoterol). Maternal safety concerns have reduced the use of β2-agonists. Fetal safety and gestational age restrictions have largely condemned prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors to second-line therapy. First-line therapy in Europe and other parts of the world outside the USA and Australia is limited to calcium channel blockers and oxytocin receptor antagonists. With respect to efficacy, atosiban and nifedipine are similar, but the robustness of the evidence favours atosiban. With respect to safety, atosiban is clearly the safest tocolytic as there are fetomaternal concerns with nifedipine, particularly in high daily doses. Conclusion: The perfect tocolytic that is uniformly effective and safe does not exist. Cost, licensing and informed consent are considerations involved in the choice. Efforts continue to develop and introduce other or better agents, including novel compounds such as progesterone, PGF2α antagonists and statins.
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Ventskovskaya, I. B., V. V. Bila, and O. S. Countryside. "Premature birth (Clinical lecture)." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 4(130) (May 30, 2018): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2018.130.9.
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The article presents modern views on the pathogenesis of preterm labor, their relevance and classification. From the perspective of evidence-based medicine methods of prevention are considered. A comparison of the main tocolytic agents, their advantages and disadvantages is presented. Key words: premature birth, perinatal and infantile mortality, tocolysis, magnesium sulfate, gestational age.
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Khalil, Nazma, Kazi Shafiqul Halim, and Israt Jahan Ummon. "Study on Effect of Magnesium Sulfate as Tocolytic Agent." Bangladesh Medical Journal 49, no. 2 (March 23, 2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v49i2.55816.
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We face many problems in diagnosis, monitoring and adopting treatment policy.There are very limited studies about preterm labour prevention in our country and few national data are available about the incidence of preterm labour. Acute tocolysis prevents preterm labor for 48 hours, which is the critical period for antenatal steroid administration or maternal transfer to perinatal centers to improve neonatal outcomes. This prospective study was conducted. To determine the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate as tocolytic agent in preterm labour to arrest the premature onset of labour. A total of 90 primigravid and multigravid with preterm labour was included in this study at 250 Beded General Hospital Tangail from January 2012 to December 2015. The mean age of the respondents was 24.13±4.67 year. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 122.47±12.64 and 71.67±12.67 mm of Hg respectively. Gestational age did not influence on the outcome of treatment with Tocolytic regime. Out of 90 pregnant women, 70% were anemic, 53.3% had vaginal bleeding and 76.7% had abdominal pain. Among 90 respondents only 6 women had premature rupture of membrane and about 40% had inadequate amniotic fluid. The three treatment regime (Antibiotic+ Tocolytic+ steroid) was found indifferent in terms of affectivity. Preterm labour is not a very uncommon pregnancy-related complication. This study evaluates, the effect of magnesium sulphate as tocolytic agent. Bangladesh Med J. 2020 May; 49(2) : 25-29
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tocolytic"
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Al-Eknah, Marzook Mohammed. "Uterine activity in the ewe and cow, with particular reference to its effect on cervical dilation and the influence of tocolytic agents." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518063.
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Carreiro, Juliana da Nóbrega. "Ação tocolítica de 3,6-dimetil éter galetina, flavonóide isolado de Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke, envolve canais para potássio em útero de rata." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6801.
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The flavonoid 3,6-dimethyl ether galetin (FGAL) was isolated from aerial parts of Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke. In previous studies, Macêdo et al. (2011a) demonstrated that FGAL inhibited in a significant and concentration-dependent manner the phasic contractions induced by carbachol and oxytocin on rat uterus, in a higher potency to oxytocin. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of tocolytic action of FGAL on rat uterus. Segments of rat uterus were suspended in organ bath and the isometric contractions were monitored. FGAL inhibited (pD 2 = 5.68 ± 0.06) oxytocin cumulative curves and these were shifted to the right, in a non parallel manner (slope = 3.59 ± 0.04), with Emax the reduction, suggesting a non-competitive antagonism. In relation to the tonic contractions, FGAL relaxed in a concentration-dependent and significant manner but not equipotent rat uterus pre-contracted both oxytocin (pD2 = 6.9 ± 0.1) and KCl (pD2 = 5.6 ± 0.06). How the opening channels for calcium-dependent voltage (CaV) is one of the common step to the signaling pathways of oxytocin and KCl to maintain the tonic phase of contraction, raised the hypothesis that FGAL could be acting by blocking the influx of Ca2+ through the CaV. Therefore, cumulative contractions were induced with CaCl2 in depolarizing medium nominally without Ca2+ in the presence and absence of several concentrations of FGAL. The flavonoid antagonized the contractions induced by CaCl2 evidenced by shift to the right of the control curve in a non parallel manner with reduction of Emax, suggesting that FGAL is blocking indirectly the CaV to promote tocolytic effect on rat uterus. The K+ channels play a key role in membrane potential regulation and CaV modulation. According to this premise, we decided to investigate the involvement of these channels in the tocolytic action of FGAL. The relaxing potency of FGAL (pD2 = 6.9 ± 0.1) were reduced approximately 20 folds in the presence of CsCl (pD2 = 5.6 ± 0.01), a non-selective K+ channels blocker, confirming K+ channels the participation to the relaxant effect of the flavonoid. To determinated which K+ channel(s) subtype(s) were involved, selective blockers of these channels were used. The relaxation curve induced by FGAL was shifted to right in the presence of 4-aminopyridine (pD2 = 5.4 ± 0.01), a selective blocker of voltage gated K+ channels (KV); of glibenclamide (pD2 = 5.3 ± 0.01), a selective blocker of ATP sensitive K+ channels (KATP); of apamin (6.3 ± 0.02), a selective blocker of small conductance calcium-activated K+ channels (SKCa) and tetraethylamonium (TEA+) 1 mM (pD2 = 5.0 ± 0.08), a big conductance calcium-activated K+ channels (BKCa), suggesting the involvement of these channels on tocolytic action mechanism of FGAL on rat uterus. The aminophylline, a non selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases (PDE), did not potentialized (pD2 = 6.7 ± 0.03) the relaxation produced by FGAL on rat uterus, suggesting that the cyclic nucleotides pathway is not involved on relaxing effect induced by FGAL. Thus, we concluded that the relaxing action mechanism of FGAL in rat uterus involves positive regulation of K+ channels, that indirectly modulated the CaV, leading to a consequent reduction of [Ca2+]c and uterine smooth muscle relaxation.
O flavonoide 3,6-dimetil éter galetina (FGAL) foi isolado das partes aéreas de Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke. Em estudos anteriores, Macêdo et al. (2011a) demonstraram que FGAL inibiu de maneira dependente de concentração as contrações fásicas induzidas por carbacol e ocitocina em útero isolado de rata, sendo mais potente para ocitocina. Desta forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o mecanismo de ação tocolítica de FGAL em útero de rata. Para tanto segmentos de útero de rata foram suspensos em cuba para órgãos isolados e as contrações isométricas foram monitoradas. FGAL inibiu (pD´2 = 5, 68 ± 0,06) as curvas cumulativas à ocitocina e estas foram desviadas para direita, de forma não paralela ( slope = 3,59 ± 0,04), com redução do Emax, sugerindo um antagonismo não competitivo. Em relação às contrações tônicas, FGAL relaxou de maneira significante, dependente de concentração e não equipotente o útero pré-contraído tanto por ocitocina (pD2 = 6,9 ± 0,1) como por KCl (pD2 = 5,6 ± 0,06). Como a abertura dos canais para cálcio dependentes de voltagem (CaV) é um dos passos comum às vias de sinalização da ocitocina e do KCl para manutenção da fase tônica da contração, levantou-se a hipótese de que FGAL poderia estar agindo por bloqueio do influxo de Ca2+ através dos CaV. Assim, foram induzidas contrações cumulativas com CaCl2 em meio despolarizante e nominalmente sem Ca2+ na presença e na ausência de várias concentrações de FGAL. O flavonoide antagonizou as contrações induzidas pelo CaCl2 evidenciado pelo desvio da curva controle para a direita de maneira não paralela e com diminuição do efeito máximo. Sugerindo assim que FGAL bloqueia de maneira indireta os CaV para promover efeito tocolítico em útero de rata. Os canais para K+ desempenham um papel chave na regulação do potencial de membrana e modulação dos CaV. Diante dessa premissa, decidiu-se investigar a participação desses canais na ação tocolítica de FGAL. A potência relaxante de FGAL (pD2 = 6,9 ± 0,1) foi reduzida em aproximadamente 20 vezes na presença de CsCl (pD2 = 5,6 ± 0,01), bloqueador não seletivo dos canais para K+, confirmando a participação de canais para K+ no efeito relaxante do flavonoide. Para determinar qual(is) canal(is) para K+ estariam envolvidos usou-se bloqueadores seletivos desses canais. A curva de relaxamento induzida por FGAL foi desviada para direita na presença de 4 -aminopiridina (pD2 = 5,4 ± 0,01), um bloqueador seletivo dos canais para K+ ativados por voltagem (KV); de glibenclamida (pD2 = 5,3 ± 0,01), um bloqueador seletivo dos canais para K+ ativados por ATP (KATP); de apamina (6,3 ± 0,02), um bloqueador seletivo dos canais para K+ de pequena condutância ativados por cálcio (SKCa) e tetraetilamônio 1 mM (pD2 = 5,0 ± 0,08), que nesta concentração é um bloqueador seletivo dos canais para K+ de grande condutância ativados por cálcio (BKCa), sugerindo o envolvimento destes canais no mecanismo de ação tocolítica de FGAL em útero isolado de rata. A aminofilina um inibidor não seletivo de fosfodiesterases (PDE) não potencializou (pD2 = 6,7 ± 0,03) o relaxamento produzido por FGAL em útero de rata, sugerindo que não há participação da via dos nucleotídios cíclicos no efeito relaxante induzido por FGAL. Conclui-se que o mecanismo de ação tocolítica de FGAL em útero de rata envolve a modulação positiva de canais para K+, majoritariamente dos BKCa, que modulam indiretamente os CaV, levando ao relaxamento da musculatura lisa uterina.
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Bailey, Elizabeth Helen. "An investigation into the combination of nifedipine with potassium channel openers as potential tocolytic therapy for preterm labour, and a novel potassium channel blocker as potential therapy for post-partum haemorrhage." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/78668/.
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Background Preterm labour and post-partum haemorrhage are leading causes of pregnancy morbidity and mortality. Previous work identified potassium channels expressed in myometrium and hypothesized modulation of channels with greater expression in MSMC than VSMC will influence contractility and avoid cardiovascular effects. By combining calcium channel blockers with potassium channel openers an enhanced tocolytic effect is anticipated. VU590 inhibits Kir 7.1 and it was hypothesised would elicit a contractile effect with therapeutic potential for post-partum haemorrhage. Aim To determine the effect of select potassium channel openers and a specific potassium channel blocker in myometrial contractility. Methods Human and murine myometrial strips were used in contractility organ bath experiments. Select combined doses were tested in myometrial small arteries using wire myography. Western blotting was carried out to determine the gestational and labour-state expression of potassium channels in human myometrium and myometrial small arteries. Results Pinacidil demonstrated a relaxatory effect on both myometrial and vascular smooth muscle. Riluzole reduced contractility alone and greater inhibition in combination with nifedipine than nifedipine alone. Riluzole appeared to have a mild effect on myometrial arteries. Kir 7.1 showed a trend of diminished expression by gestation and was downregulated in term and preterm labour states. VU590 elicited a significant increase contractility characterised by a prolonged contraction phase of up to 6.7±1.9 hrs (VU590 10 µM). A gestational-dependent effect was seen on murine myometrium. Conclusion The combination of nifedipine with potassium channel openers has a more potent effect on reducing contractility than either compound alone. Riluzole combined with nifedipine warrants further investigation for potential tocolytic therapy. VU590 augments spontaneous contractions profoundly in human myometrium in vitro and could have potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage.
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Ferreira, Paula Benvindo. "A ação tocolítica do óleo essencial de rollinia leptopetala r. E. Fries envolve a modulação positiva dos canais de potássio em útero isolado de rata." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9483.
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Rollinia leptopetala R. E. Fries species, popularly known as “pinha-brava”, “bananinha” and “pereiro”, and traditionally cited as digestive. From R. leptopetala leaves was extracted an essential oil (RL-OE) that showed tocolytic effect in carbachol- (CCh) and oxytocin-induced phasic contractions on rat uterus. Thus, we aimed characterize the mechanism of tocolytic action of RL-OE using by functional techniques. Since the mechanisms to induce the phasic contractions are distinct from the tonic ones, we decided to evaluate whether RL-OE would relax rat uterus pre-contracted with KCl or oxytocin. The essential oil relaxed pre-contracted with 60 mM KCl (EC50 = 22.4 ± 2.4 μg/mL) or 10-2 UI/mL oxytocin (EC50 = 4.1 ± 0.4 μg/mL). After, it was hypothesized that RL-OE would antagonize oxytocin receptors, and this hypothesis was confirmed since cumulative concentration-response curves to oxytocin were inhibited, shifted to the right, in a non-parallel manner and with Emax reduction, discarding a competitive antagonism. The participation of adrenergic receptors was also evaluated. For this, phentolamine (an antagonist of α-receptors) was used, but none change in RL-OE tocolytic potency was observed, being discarded the involvement of this receptor. Additionally, propranolol (an antagonist of β-receptors) was used and the relaxation curve induced by RL-OE, in the blocker presence, was shifted to the left, with potentiation of oil effect and rejecting the hypothesis of β-receptors activation. Other pathways that modulate the myometrium contractility are nitric oxide (NO) and Cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways. The involvement of them in tocolytic mechanism of RL-OE was investigated using L-NAME and indomethacin, inhibitors of NO and COX pathways, respectively. However, RL-OE effect was not altered in the presence of inhibitors, discarding their contribution. The participation of K+ channels was developed using non-selective and selective blockers of them. The tocolytic potency of RL-OE (EC50 = 4.1 ± 0.4 μg/mL) was reduced 2.2 fold in the presence of 5 mM CsCl (EC50 = 8.9 ± 1.1 μg/mL), a non-specific blocker K+ channels, indicating participation of these channels. To investigate which subtypes of K+ channels would be involved selective K+ channels blockers were used. In the presence of 1 mM TEA+, blocker of large conductance calcium-activated K+ channels (BKCa), apamin, blocker of small conductance calcium-activated K+ channels (SKCa) and glibenclamide, blocker of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) did not changed the tocolytic action of RL-OE, showing that BKCa, SKCa and KATP are not involved. Interestingly, the relaxation curve induced by RL-OE was shifted to the right in the presence of 4- aminopyridine, blocker of voltage-gated K+ channels (KV), with reduction of RL-OE potency (EC50 = 10 ± 0.6 μg/mL), indicating KV participation in the mechanism of tocolytic action of RL-OE on rat uterus. Therefore, the tocolytic mechanism of RL-OE involves the positive modulation the K+ channels, in special KV subtypes, that indirectly blockade of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaV) leading to uterine smooth muscle relaxation.
A espécie Rollinia leptopetala R. E. Fries, conhecida popularmente como “pinha-brava”, “bananinha” e “pereiro”, é utilizada tradicionalmente como digestiva. Das folhas dessa espécie foi extraído o óleo essencial (RL-OE), que, em estudos anteriores, apresentou atividade tocolítica frente às contrações fásicas induzidas por carbacol (CCh) ou ocitocina em útero isolado de rata. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar o mecanismo de ação tocolítica do RL-OE, por meio de metodologias funcionais. Como os mecanismos para indução da contração fásica são diferentes dos que mantém a tônica, decidiu-se verificar se o RL-OE relaxaria o útero pré-contraído com KCl ou ocitocina. O óleo relaxou o útero pré-contraído com 60 mM de KCl (CE50 = 22,4 ± 2,4 μg/mL) ou com 10-2 UI/mL de ocitocina (CE50 = 4,1 ± 0,4 μg/mL), sendo mais potente para ocitocina. Em seguida, hipotetizou-se que o RL-OE estaria antagonizando os receptores de ocitocina, sendo essa hipótese confirmada, uma vez que, observou-se a inibição das curvas concentrações-resposta cumulativas à ocitocina, desviando-as para a direita, de maneira não paralela e com redução do seu Emax, descartando-se um antagonismo do tipo competitivo. A participação dos receptores adrenérgicos foi avaliada. Para isso, utilizou-se a fentolamina, um antagonista dos receptores α, entretanto não houve alteração da potência tocolítica do RL-OE, sendo descartado o antagonismo desse receptor. Também utilizou-se o propranolol, um antagonista dos receptores adrenérgicos β, constatando-se que a curva de relaxamento, na presença do bloqueador, foi desviada para a esquerda, com potencialização do RL-OE, descartando a ativação desses receptores. Outras vias que modulam a função contrátil do miométrio uterino são as vias do óxido nítrico (NO) e da ciclo-oxigenase (COX). Investigou-se a participação dessas vias no mecanismo de ação do óleo essencial utilizando L-NAME e indometacina, inibidores das vias do NO e da COX, respectivamente. Entretanto, o efeito do RL-OE não foi alterado na presença dos inibidores, descartando a participação dessas vias no seu mecanismo de ação tocolítica. Outra via investigada foi o modulação dos canais de K+. Para isso, utilizou-se bloqueadores não-seletivo e seletivos desses canais. A potência tocolítica do RL-OE (CE50 = 4,1 ± 0,4 μg/mL) foi reduzida 2,2 vezes na presença de 5 mM de CsCl (CE50 = 8,9 ± 1,1 μg/mL), bloqueador não seletivo desses canais, confirmando a participação dos canais de K+ no efeito tocolítico do RL-OE. Para verificar qual(is) canal(is) de K+ estariam envolvidos usou-se bloqueadores seletivos desses canais. O fato do TEA+ 1 mM, bloqueador dos canais de K+ de grande condutância ativados por cálcio (BKCa); da apamina, um bloqueador dos canais de K+ ativados por Ca2+ de pequena condutância (SKCa) e da glibenclamida, bloqueador dos canais de K+ sensíveis ao ATP (KATP) não alterarem o efeito tocolítico do RL-OE indica que os BKCa, SKCa e os KATP não estariam envolvidos em seu mecanismo de ação. Entretanto, a curva concentrações-resposta de relaxamento induzida pelo RL-OE foi desviada para direita na presença de 4-aminopiridina, bloqueador dos canais de K+ dependentes de voltagem (Kv), com redução da potência tocolítica do RL-OE (CE50 = 10 ± 0,6 μg/mL), sugerindo o envolvimento dos Kv no mecanismo de ação tocolítica do RL-OE em útero de rata. Conclui-se que o RL-OE exerce efeito tocolítico modulando positivamente os canais de K+, especificamente os Kv, que bloqueariam de modo indireto os canais de cálcio dependentes de voltagem (CaV), resultando no relaxamento da musculatura lisa uterina
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Travassos, Rafael de Almeida. "Envolvimento de canais para potássio e de nucleotídios cíclicos no mecanismo de ação tocolítico do ácido 8(17),12E,14-labdatrieno-18-óico (labdano-302) em útero isolado de rata." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6852.
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8(17),12E,14-labdatrien-18 oic acid (labdane-302), is a diterpene isolated from the stem bark of Xylopia langsdorfiana A. St.-Hil. & Tul. In a preliminary study, Ribeiro (2003) demonstrated that labdane-302 inhibited in an equipotent manner the phasic contractions induced by carbachol or oxytocin in rat uterus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the spasmolytic action mechanism of labdane-302 in that organ. Isometric and isotonic contractions were monitored and the parameters of relative potency and efficacy were determined from cumulative concentration-response curves. Labdane-302 inhibited the cumulative concentration-response curves to carbachol (pD´2 = 3.4 ± 0.1; r2 = 0.9 ± 0.05) and oxytocin (pD´2 = 3.8 ± 0.2; r2 = 0.9 ± 0.04) these were shifted to the right, in a non-parallel manner (Schild plot slope = 0.15 ± 0.04 and 1.13 ± 0.1 respectively), with reduction of the maximal effect (Emax), suggesting a noncompetitive antagonism. Labdane-302 was not effective in relaxing the uterus pre-contracted by 60 mM KCl (Emax = 9.75 ± 0.07%),on the other hand, relaxed in a significant and concentration dependent manner the rat uterus pre-contracted by oxytocin (pD2 = 4,3 ± 0,06), suggesting a possible involvement of the K+ channels in the spasmolytic effect caused by labdane-302. Because K+ channels play a major role in the regulation of membrane potential and modulation of CaV, we decided to investigate the participation of K+ channels in the spasmolytic action of labdane-302. The relaxant potency of labdane-302 (pD2 = 4.3 ± 0.06) was decreased about 16 times in the presence of CsCl (pD2 = 3.1 ± 0.06), a non-selective K+channels blocker, suggesting a possible involvement of the K+ channels in the tocolytic effect of the labdane-302. In order to verify which subtypes of K+ channels could be involved we used selectives blockers of these channels. The observation that 4-aminopyridine, a selective blocker of voltage-gated K+ channels (Kv), and that glibenclamide, a selective blocker of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) did not change the relaxant effect of labdane-302 suggests that KV and KATP are not involved in its action mechanism. However, the log concentration-response curve induced by labdane-302 was shifted to the right in the presence of apamine (pD2 = 3.8 ± 0.03), a selective blocker of the small-conductance calcium-activated K+ channels (SKCa) and TEA+ 1 mM (pD2 = 3.6 ± 0.04), a selective blocker of the large conductance clacium-activated K+ channels (BKca). The involvement of BKCa was confirmed using a specific blocker of that channels iberiotoxin (IbTx) (pD2 = 3.8 ± 0.06) , suggesting the involvement of SKCa and BKCa in the tocolytic action mechanism induced by labdane-302 on uterus rat. The aminophylline a nonselective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases (PDE) potentiated (pD2 = 7.8 ± 0.1) in about 320 times the relaxation produced by labdane-302 in rat uterus. The results suggest that effect of labdane-302 on uterus rat, involves the activation of the SKCa e BKCa, which modulate indirectly the CaV, leading to a decrease the [Ca2+]c , and cyclic nucleotides like cAMP and cGMP may be involved in this tocolytic action
O ácido 8(17),12E,14-labdatrieno-18-óico (labdano-302) é um diterpeno isolado das cascas do caule de Xylopia langsdorfiana A. St.-Hil. & Tul. Em estudos anteriores Ribeiro (2003) demonstrou que o labdano-302 inibiu de maneira eqüipotente as contrações fásicas induzidas por carbacol e ocitocina em útero de rata. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar o mecanismo de ação tocolítico do labdano-302. As contrações isométricas e isotônicas foram monitoradas e os parâmetros de potência e eficácia relativas foram determinados a partir de curvas de concentrações-resposta cumulativas. O labdano-302 inibiu as curvas cumulativas ao carbacol (pD´2 = 3,4 ± 0,1; r2 = 0,9 ± 0,05) e ocitocina (pD´2 = 3,8 ± 0,2; r2 = 0,9 ± 0,04) e estas foram desviadas para direita, de forma não paralela ( slope de Schild = 0,15 ± 0,04 e 1,13 ± 0,1 respectivamente), com redução do Emax, sugerindo um antagonismo não competitivo. O labdano-302 não foi eficaz em antagonizar as contrações induzidas por 60 mM de KCl apresentando um Emax = 9,75 ± 0,07%, por outro lado, labdano-302 relaxou de maneira significante e dependente de concentração quando o útero era pré-contraído por ocitocina (pD2 = 4,3 ± 0,06), sugerindo que este diterpeno deve estar agindo por uma modulação positiva de canais para potássio. Os canais para K+ desempenham um papel chave na regulação do potencial de membrana e modulação dos CaV, então decidiu-se investigar a participação desses canais na ação tocolítica do labdano-302. A potência relaxante de labdano-302 (pD2 = 4,3 ± 0,06) foi reduzida em aproximadamente 16 vezes na presença de CsCl (pD2 = 3,1 ± 0,06), bloqueador não seletivo dos canais para K+, confirmando a participação de canais para K+ no efeito relaxante do labdano-302. Para verificar qual(is) canal(is) para K+ estariam envolvidos usou-se bloqueadores seletivos desses canais. O fato da 4-aminopiridina, bloqueador seletivo dos canais para K+ abertos por voltagem (Kv), e da glibenclamida, bloqueador seletivo dos canais para K+ sensíveis ao ATP (KATP) não alterar o efeito relaxante do labdano-302 indica que os KV e os KATP não estariam envolvidos em seu mecanismo de ação tocolítico. Entretanto, a curva concentração-resposta de relaxamento induzida pelo labdano-302 foi desviada para direita na presença de apamina (pD2 = 3,8 ± 0,03), um bloqueador seletivo dos canais para K+ ativados por Ca2+ de pequena condutância (SKCa), ou de tetraetilamônio 1 mM (pD2 = 3,6 ± 0,04), que nesta concentração é um bloqueador seletivo dos canais para K+ de grande condutância ativados por cálcio (BKCa). A participação dos BKCa foi confirmada utilizando um bloqueador específico para esses canais a iberiotoxina (IbTx) (pD2 = 3,8 ± 0,06), sugerindo o envolvimento dos SKCa e dos BKCa no mecanismo de ação tocolítico do labdano-302 em útero isolado de rata. A aminofilina um inibidor não seletivo de fosfodiesterases (PDE) potencializou (pD2 = 7,8 ± 0,1) em cerca de 320 vezes o relaxamento produzido por labdano-302 em útero de rata. Conclui-se que o mecanismo de ação relaxante do labdano-302 em útero isolado de rata envolve a modulação positiva de canais para K+, mais especificamente os SKCa e BKCa, que modulam indiretamente os CaV, levando a uma conseqüente redução da [Ca2+]c , e que nucleotídios cíclicos como o AMPc e GMPc podem estar envolvidos nesta ação.
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Grant, Therese Marie. "The management of preterm labor with tocolytics in general obstetric practice /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10867.
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Panter, Katerine Ruth. "Cyclooxygenase expression and inhibition and tocolysis in preterm labour." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391614.
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Mohanna, Magdi. "Preterm birth : evaluation of an intervention programme comprising risk factor scoring, fetal fibronectin testing and nifedipine tocolysis." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341303.
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Introduction Neonatal mortality and morbidity from premature birth are still a major concern despite significant advances in perinatal medicine. Objective of the study The primary aim of the study was to establish the feasibility of accurately identifying a cohort of vvomen at increased risk of preterm birth using a modified risk assessment score and fetal fibronectin testing in order to undertake a pilot randomised placebo-controlled trial of nifedipine as a tocolytic. Methodology A population of pregnant women was screened prospectively between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation using a modified risk assessment system. Women identified as high-risk for preterm birth were then tested with fetal fibronectin. Those testing positive were randomised to either nifedipine or placebo. The study at this point was randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blind. Measures of outcome were compared for babies of trial vvomen with high-risk women who withheld consent. Main outcome measures Delivery before 34 weeks, neonatal death, admission to the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU), chronic lung disease and major cerebral abnormality on ultrasound scan constituted the main measures of outcome. Results Five hundred and thirty four vvomen were identified as high-risk for preterm birth. One hundred and forty two women agreed to participate in the study. Forty nine women delivered before 37 weeks' gestation. The system was sensitive in predicting preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation and within one week of testing for fetal fibronectin in symptomatic women. Babies of non-consenting mothers fared better overall than babies of the trial women. Conclusion Risk factor scoring and fetal fibronectin testing are useful screening tools that can predict preterm delivery. This sysytem can be clinically useful in the management of preterm labour or women at increased risk for preterm birth. There was no impact on the neonatal mortality or morbidity.
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Shih, Huey-Chuan, and 施惠娟. "Tocolytic Effects of Scutellaria baicalensis in Rat Uterus." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33892961606989661204.
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碩士台北醫學院
生藥學研究所
88
Chinese medicinal prescriptions have been used commonly in treatment of several human diseases for thousands of years in China. Huang qin, the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been used as a tocolytic agent and prescribed by Chinese medical doctors to treatment the contractive disorders in pregnant women. However, the scientific action mechanism of Huang Qin is undefined. Our preliminary data indicated that aqueous crude extract of Huang Qin exerted the significant relaxation on spontaneous constriction in 10-day pregnant rat uterus smooth muscle and IC50 values are 4.98 + 1.12 mg/ml. Therefore, studying the tocolytic activity of Huang Qin and its active components are involved in this study. Four major components including Baicalin, Baicalein, Oroxylin A, Wogonin, were isolated from Huang Qin and detected their effects on uterine contraction by in vitro tissue bath experiments. The results showed that all these four compounds performed dose-dependent relaxative effects on uterine strips precontracted by acetylcholine ( 10-6 M ), PGF2a ( 10-7 M ) and oxytocin ( 10-3 U/ml ). However, in KCl-induced contraction in uterus, Baicalein and Oroxylin A induced uterine relaxation was suppressed apparently, compared with the data of oxytocin-treated uterus, but no obvious inhibition on Baicalin and Wogonin induced relaxation. This result indicated that potassium channels and membranne potential might be involved in Baicalein and Oroxylin A induced uterine relaxation. Pharmacological studies using potassium channel antagonists such as tetraethylammonium ( TEA; 1 and 10 mM ), 4-aminopyridine ( 4-AP ; 5 mM ), glipizide ( 30μM ) were performed to demonstrate the role of potassium channels in uterine relaxation induced by these four compounds. The results showed that TEA, 4-AP and glipizise effectively block Baicalein and Oroxylin A induced uterine relaxation, but not in Baicalin and Wogonin induced relaxation. As the same part of experiment, Baicalin and Wogonin induced relaxation were attenuated byβ-receptor blocker ( Propranolol ; 10-5 M ), cyclooxyngase inhibitor ( Indomethacin ; 60 μM ). This study demonstrated that the tocolytic activity might be due to its relaxative activity components of Huang Qin and showed the effective inhibitory activities on uterine contraction. This study aims to the scientific improve Chinese herb, and the evidence suggesting the drug information of efficacy for clinic doctors. On basis of the potential pharmacological actions and active compounds isolation, a potential tocolytic agent will develop in the future.
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Wu, Dai-Lun, and 吳岱倫. "Evaluation of tocolytic treatment and Chinese herbal products use on perinatal outcomes of pregnant women." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82636228073199340130.
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碩士慈濟大學
公共衛生學系碩士班
104
Background: Tocolytic treatment, such as progestogen therapy and Ritodrine, would be beneficial for pregnant women who experience threatened miscarriage. However, previous reports had indicated that progestogen might not be effective, and Ritodrine use may increase the risk of maternal vascular-related diseases. Chinese herbal products (CHP) have been used as an alternative tocolytic therapy during pregnancy. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of tocolytic treatment and CHP use on perinatal outcomes of pregnant women in Taiwan. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the 2-million random samples of National Health Insurance Research Database from Health and Welfare Data Science Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare. Pregnant women who aged 18 to 50 years and treated with tocolytic treatment from 2001 to 2010 were included. We divide samples into two groups as (1) western medicine (WM) use only (n=27033), and (2) use of both WM and CHP based on the prescription records during pregnancy (WM/CHP group, n=2957). Propensity score (PS) matched cohort (2957 pairs) was established based on baseline confounders. All participants were followed to either one of the following perinatal outcomes: birth, preterm birth, abortion and stillbirth. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effects of CHP use on the odds of abortion. Results: Based on PS matched cohort, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of abortion or preterm birth in WM/CHP group was marginal significant different from that in WM group (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.72-1). The results did not reach statistical significance based on subgroup analyses for comorbidity index, age or history of CHP use before pregnant. Conclusions: Our results did not find statistical significance in the odds of abortion or preterm birth among women in WM and WM/CHP groups.
Books on the topic "Tocolytic"
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The efficacy of tocolytic agents in the treatment of preterm labour: Modulation of myometrial susceptibility of gbs-agonist-induced desensitization. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.
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Keag, Oonagh, and E. Sarah Cooper. Prematurity, multiple gestation, and abnormal presentation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0033.
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Preterm labour is a common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. This chapter describes the definition, aetiology, diagnosis, and management of preterm labour and delivery with a focus on tocolytic therapy, the use of antenatal corticosteroids, and of magnesium sulphate. Anaesthesia for preterm delivery is discussed. The section on multiple pregnancy details the recommended antenatal careplan for dichorionic and monochorionic twin pregnancies, the fetal and maternal risks and potential complications, and the management of labour and delivery of twins, as well as the anaesthetist’s role in managing these high-risk pregnancies. There are a number of abnormal presentations managed by obstetricians, including abnormal cephalic presentations such as occiputo-posterior positions, breech, transverse, and compound presentations. This chapter focuses specifically on breech presentation, comparing the evidence for vaginal breech delivery versus planned caesarean delivery. It also discusses external cephalic version and vaginal breech delivery itself.
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Kuhn, Walther, and Gerhard G. Grospeitsch. Tocolysis: Treatment of Premature Labor With B2-Sympathicomimetics. Thieme-Stratton Corp, 1985.
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Doumouchtsis, Stergios K., S. Arulkumaran, Olujimi Jibodu, Sambit Mukhopadhyay, Leonie Penna, Paul Simpson, and Vladimir Rivicky. Miscellaneous topics in obstetrics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651382.003.0009.
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This chapter outlines miscellaneous topics in obstetrics, including emergency cerclage, trauma in pregnancy, transfer and transport of pregnant women, pharmacotherapeutics in obstetrics (analgesics, morphine, antiemetics, antibiotics, anticoagulants, antihypertensives, anticonvulsives, corticosteroids, tocolytics, induction agents, and uterine stimulants), and obstetric collapse.
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Doumouchtsis, Stergios K., S. Arulkumaran, Eleftheria L. Chrysanthopoulou, Stergios K. Doumouchtsis, Sambit Mukhopadhyay, Kostis I. Nikolopoulos, Christiana Nygaard, et al. Intrapartum procedures and complications. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651382.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the diagnosis of labour, and describes what to do in the case of cord prolapse, abnormal fetal heart rate patterns in labour, continuous abdominal pain in labour, instrumental delivery for fetal distress in the second stage of labour, shoulder dystocia, acute tocolysis, symphysiotomy and destructive operations, along with twin delivery, breech delivery, abnormal lie or presentation in labour, and anaesthetic complications on the labour ward.
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1933-, Tejani Nergesh, ed. Obstetrical events and developmental sequelae. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tocolytic"
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Kawagoe, Yasuyuki. "Maintenance Tocolytic Therapy." In Preterm Labor and Delivery, 125–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9875-9_12.
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Cosmi, E. V., M. M. Anceschi, R. Guidetti, and G. C. Di Renzo. "Tocolytic Therapy: Yes or No?" In Gynecology and Obstetrics, 172–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70559-5_59.
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Ohashi, Masanao. "Prevention and Tocolytic Agents 2." In Preterm Labor and Delivery, 115–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9875-9_11.
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Hildebrandt, Ruth. "Risk Assessment of Tocolytic Therapy in Pregnancy." In Risk Assessment of Prenatally-Induced Adverse Health Effects, 527–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77753-0_37.
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Matsuda, Yoshio. "Prevention and Tocolytic Agent: Hydration, Bed Rest, Ritodrine, and Special Comments on Long-Term Tocolysis." In Preterm Labor and Delivery, 107–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9875-9_10.
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Jordan, Sue. "Drugs Decreasing Uterine Contractility/Tocolytics." In Pharmacology for Midwives, 178–95. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36570-4_7.
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"Oxytocic and tocolytic drugs." In Analgesia, Anaesthesia and Pregnancy, 198–201. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108684729.065.
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Panwar, Arvind. "Uterine relaxants (Tocolytic agents)." In Basics in Pharmacology for Dental Students, 251. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11626_44.
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Singh, Panwar. "Chapter-02 Uterine relaxants (Tocolytic agents)." In Advances in Diabetes: Novel Insights, 251–52. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12744_44.
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Huszar, Gabor. "Cellular Regulation of Myometrial Contractility and Essentials of Tocolytic therapy." In The Physiology and Biochemistry of the Uterus in Pregnancy and Labor, 107–26. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429282669-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Tocolytic"
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Sogaolu, Olumide M., Adeniran Fawole, Fatai Balogun, and Stanley Erazua. "Tocolytic Pulmonary Oedema In A Nigerian Woman." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a4610.
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Afridi, F., H. Venigandla, and R. Reddy. "Tocolytic Induced Pulmonary Edema in a Postpartum Patient." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a1503.
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Pereira, Laiane, Rayane Pessoa, Gleice da Silva, Indyra Figueiredo, Josean Tavares, Vicente Costa, Fabiana Cavalcante, and Marcelo da Silva. "Phytochemical investigation and tocolytic activity of the methanolic extract of Evolvulus linarioides Meisn. (Convolvulaceae)." In MOL2NET 2018, International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 4th edition. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mol2net-04-05538.
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Lu, Fang, Yusu He, Ludi Jiang, Jiahua Chen, Yilian Cai, and Yanling Zhang. "Prediction of placenta barrier permeability and reproductive toxicity of compounds in tocolytic Chinese herbs using support vector machine." In International Conference on Materials Engineering and Information Technology Applications (MEITA 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meita-15.2015.118.
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Ferreira, Paula, Italo Martins, Joedna Pereira, Ana Correia, Renata Sampaio, Maria Silva, Vicente Costa, Marcelo Silva, Fabiana Cavalcante, and Bagnólia Silva. "Tocolytic action of essential oil from Annona leptopetala R. E. Fries is mediated by oxytocin receptors and potassium channels." In MOL2NET 2019, International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 5th edition. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mol2net-05-06773.
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RajKumar, Ashwin, Jeffrey Karsdon, Frederick Naftolin, and Vikram Kapila. "Electrical Inhibitor for Tocolysis." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9075.
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Abstract Preterm birth (PTB) is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidities and mortalities. Limited methods are available to physicians for mitigating PTB, thus posing an urgent need to develop effective methods for its prevention. In prior research, a benchtop electronic uterine control device (EUCD) was developed for tocolysis through injection of current pulses. However, the benchtop version is wall tethered and constrains patients to hospitals, i.e., it is unsuitable for deployment in outpatient or home settings. This paper focuses on the development of a mechatronics-based, low-cost, battery-powered, portable, and reproducible EUCD, which is suitable for use in home and clinical environments. The developed mechatronic version is validated for electrical performance with resistive load-tests, which indicate that the mechatronic device can generate current pulses similar to the existing benchtop EUCD. Furthermore, the signals generated from the device are evaluated for repeatability using coefficient of variation (CV) analysis and the results indicate that the mechatronic version can produce repeatable frequency (1–100Hz), amplitude (1–17mA), and pulse width (1–120ms) modulated current signals. An internet of medical things (IoMT) methodology is discussed to enable seamless transition of the developed device from a clinical environment to a home-based setting for remote use by the patients.
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Gallardo, Jade, Sandeep Chennadi, and Joshua Rosenberg. "Pulmonary Edema After Magnesium Sulfate Tocolysis In Twin Gestation Associated Preterm Labor." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5941.
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