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1

Plouchart, Thibault, Thibaut Sabatier, Jean-Baptiste Muller, et al. "Tocolysis and Neurodevelopment of Children Born Very Preterm." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 10 (2024): e2442602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.42602.

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ImportanceNeurodevelopmental outcomes of very preterm children exposed to tocolytics are not well described.ObjectiveTo investigate whether tocolysis administered after spontaneous preterm labor is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5.5 years and to assess whether the type of tocolytic drug is associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants exposed.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective, national, population-based cohort study used data from the French Etude Épidémiologique sur les Petits Âges Gestationnels–2 cohort. Children who were alive and participated in
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2

&NA;. "Tocolytics." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 447 (1993): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199304470-00053.

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3

Nasreen, Sk Zinnat Ara, Safinaz Shahreen, and Shahnaz Rahman. "Recent Update on Tocolytics for the Management of Preterm Labour." Bangladesh Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 27, no. 1 (2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v27i1.29910.

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Tocolysis is the relaxation of the pregnant uterus to postpone delivery. Tocolytics are a wide variety of agents used to suppress uterine contraction given when delivery would result in preterm birth. Preterm birth the most important single determinant of adverse outcome in terms of both survival and quality of life of baby. Although preterm birth is defined as being before 37 completed weeks most mortality and morbidity is experienced by babies born before 34 weeks. Prevention and treatment of preterm birth is important though it is not possible when labour is too advanced, cervix is dilated
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4

Lee, Howard Hao, Chang-Ching Yeh, Szu-Ting Yang, Chia-Hao Liu, Yi-Jen Chen, and Peng-Hui Wang. "Tocolytic Treatment for the Prevention of Preterm Birth from a Taiwanese Perspective: A Survey of Taiwanese Obstetric Specialists." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (2022): 4222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074222.

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Preterm birth represents a great burden to the healthcare system, resulting in the consideration for the use of tocolytic therapy to provide a “better time” for delivery in order to buy time to accelerate fetal lung maturity, thereby minimizing prematurity-related morbidity and mortality. However, the benefits and potential side effects and risks of tocolytic treatment for preterm birth should be carefully balanced. Although many countries and societies provide guidelines or consensuses for the management for preterm birth, there is no standardized national guideline or consensus in Taiwan. As
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5

Oktavia, Nur, Yulistiani Yulistiani, Unedo H. Markus, and Hendriette Irene Mamo. "EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY DIFFERENCES OF ISOXSUPRINE AND NIFEDIPINE AS TOCOLYTICS IN THE RISK OF PRETERM LABOR." Folia Medica Indonesiana 53, no. 4 (2017): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v53i4.7153.

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Premature labor is a cause of high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The use of tocolytics is one of the efforts to handle the risk of preterm labor. Tocolytics which are widely used in Indonesia is isoxsuprine and nifedipine. The purpose of this study was to identify the difference of effectiveness and safety of isoxsuprine as tocolytics in the risk of preterm labor. This was an observational study in the form of a case study that was done in detail and depth to the patients who were diagnosed as imminent preterm labor. In conclusion, there were differences in the effectiveness and
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6

Khoiwal, Susheela, Vandana Patidar, Radha Rastogi, and Bharat Tailor. "A comparative study between nifedipine and isoxsuprine in the suppression of preterm labor pain." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 7 (2020): 2886. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202727.

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Background: A prospective study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Nifedipine and Isoxsuprine in suppression of preterm labour pain as tocolytics drug. As preterm labour pain is major contributor for perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of nifedipine and isoxsuprine in threatened preterm labour with the aim of preventing preterm birth and its sequelae.Methods: This study was conducted on 100 patients coming to Pannadhay Rajkiya Mahila Chikitsalaya, RNT Medical College, Udaipur and attending OPD and IPD with complain of uterine contracti
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7

Lamont, R. F. "Editorial: Tocolytics Revisited." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 13, no. 2 (1993): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01443619309151785.

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8

Nelson, Karin B., and Judith K. Grether. "Can Magnesium Sulfate Reduce the Risk of Cerebral Palsy in Very Low Birthweight Infants?" Pediatrics 95, no. 2 (1995): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.95.2.263.

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Objectives. To investigate whether in utero exposure to magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) was associated with a lower prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) in infants born weighing <1500 g. Design. Singleton infants weighing <1500 g at birth (very low birthweight, VLBW) and surviving to 3 years with moderate or severe congenital CP were identified among 155 636 children born 1983 through 1985 in four California counties. VLBW children with CP were compared with randomly selected VLBW control survivors with respect to whether their mothers received MgSO4 to prevent convulsions in preeclampsia
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9

Rashi, Shukla $. and Rashmi Arnold @. "PREDICTION OF PRETERM LABOR (PTL) AND SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS: A REVIEW." Journal of Pharma Research 7, no. 9 (2018): 216–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1441097.

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<strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong><em>P</em></strong><em>revious history of preterm labor is one of the important risk factor (risk of PTL in subsequent pregnancies are 15.3% and 21% after one and two preterm births Preterm labor (PTL) is one of the foremost causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is one of the major public health problems, especially with reference to mortality, disability and health care expenses.</em><em> The overall incidence of PTL is around 10-19%. Out of all PTL 55 % occur spontaneously, 25% following preterm pre-labor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and a
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10

Lamont, Ronald F., and Jan S. Jørgensen. "Safety and Efficacy of Tocolytics for the Treatment of Spontaneous Preterm Labour." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 5 (2019): 577–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190329124214.

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Background: Preterm birth is the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Attempts to reduce the burden may be proactive using biochemical or biophysical prediction and preventative measures. If these efforts fail, then the approach may have to be reactive using tocolytics to inhibit spontaneous preterm labour. Objective: We have reviewed the evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of various classes of tocolytic agents. Results: The evidence to support the use of magnesium sulfate or nitric oxide donors as a tocolytic is poor. Compared to placebo or no treatment, there
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11

Preeti Gurung, Shikha Thakur, and David Pradhan. "Preterm Labor and Treatment Efficacy-Safety." International Healthcare Research Journal 5, no. 8 (2021): RV9—RV12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0508.11478.

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With medical sciences on the verge of advancement, preterm labor still remains a bothersome issue in modern obstetrics. A few therapeutic agents that suppress uterine contractile activity have gained success up to some extent. Tocolytics are medications used to suppress premature labor. These drugs can decrease the strength and frequency of uterine contractions and help in delay the onset of labor but are not able to prolong pregnancy to full-term. Presently, the choice of a best tocolytic drug remains debatable. This review discusses efficacy and safety of various useful agents which have bee
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12

Hughes, Stephanie A., and Brian L. Partridge. "Oxytocics, Tocolytics, and Prostaglandins." Anesthesiology Clinics of North America 8, no. 1 (1990): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8537(21)00152-8.

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13

Sauve, Reg S. "Tocolytics: The Neonatal Perspective." Birth 23, no. 1 (1996): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536x.1996.tb00462.x.

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14

Carlin, A., J. Norman, S. Cole, and R. Smith. "Tocolytics and Preterm Labor." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 30, no. 1 (2010): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000366990.12697.71.

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15

Carlin, A., J. Norman, S. Cole, and R. Smith. "Tocolytics and preterm labour." BMJ 338, mar05 2 (2009): b195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b195.

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16

Leonardi, Michael R., and Gary D. V. Hankins. "What’s New in Tocolytics." Clinics in Perinatology 19, no. 2 (1992): 367–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-5108(18)30461-5.

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17

Gyetvai, Kristen, Mary E. Hannah, Ellen D. Hodnett, and Arne Ohlsson. "TOCOLYTICS FOR PRETERM LABOR." Obstetrics & Gynecology 94, Supplement (1999): 869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006250-199911001-00043.

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18

Ziganshin, Aydar M., and Elena V. Akbulatova. "Tocolytics in obstetric practice." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 72, no. 2 (2023): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd115201.

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Preterm birth remains a leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in preterm infants and leads to significant annual health care costs. A special role in preventing premature birth belongs to tocolytic therapy, which allows for prolonging pregnancy and avoiding various complications. However, questions arise about the efficacy and safety of this therapy, which can be manifested by various isolated and combined side effects. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and complications of tocolytic therapy. We analyzed the literature on eLibrary, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Libr
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19

Coler, Brahm Seymour, Oksana Shynlova, Adam Boros-Rausch, et al. "Landscape of Preterm Birth Therapeutics and a Path Forward." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 13 (2021): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132912.

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Preterm birth (PTB) remains the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Despite 50 years of research, therapeutic options are limited and many lack clear efficacy. Tocolytic agents are drugs that briefly delay PTB, typically to allow antenatal corticosteroid administration for accelerating fetal lung maturity or to transfer patients to high-level care facilities. Globally, there is an unmet need for better tocolytic agents, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Although most tocolytics, such as betamimetics and indomethacin, suppress downstream mediators of the parturition
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20

Elliott, John P., and John C. Morrison. "The Evidence Regarding Maintenance Tocolysis." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/708023.

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Preterm delivery is a public health issue of major proportion. More than 12% of deliveries in the United States that occur at less than 37 weeks gestation preterm labor (PTL) represents the largest single reason for preterm birth (PTB). Attempts to prevent PTB have been unsuccessful. This paper of maintenance tocolytic therapy will examine the efficacy and safety of the drugs, both oral and subcutaneous, which have been utilized for prolongation of pregnancy following successful arrest of a documented episode of acute preterm labor. The evidence for oral tocolytics as maintenance therapy as we
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21

&NA;. "Tocolytics - efficacy not fully proven." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 889 (1993): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199308890-00009.

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22

Alfirevic, Z. "Tocolytics: do they actually work?" BMJ 345, oct09 2 (2012): e6531-e6531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e6531.

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23

Greenfield, P. J., and R. F. Lamont. "The contemporary use of tocolytics." Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology 10, no. 4 (2000): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/cuog.2000.0128.

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24

Helmer, Hanns. "Frequently asked questions on tocolytics." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 112 (February 16, 2005): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00594.x.

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25

Economy, Katherine E., and Alfred Z. Abuhamad. "Calcium channel blockers as tocolytics." Seminars in Perinatology 25, no. 5 (2001): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/sper.2001.27165.

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26

Sumikura, Hiroyuki, and Eiichi Inada. "Uterotonics and tocolytics for anesthesiologists." Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 29, no. 3 (2016): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aco.0000000000000332.

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27

Almeida, Marta Tibério de, Joan Ribeiro, Helena Carmo, Joana Curado, and Marta Martins. "When triplets are born on different days: A case report about delayed delivery." Acta Obstétrica e Ginecológica Portuguesa 18, no. 3 (2024): 251–54. https://doi.org/10.69729/aogp.v18i3a09.

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Multiple pregnancies carry an increased risk of preterm birth, mortality and long-term infant morbidity. We report a case of delayed delivery following a trichorionic triamniotic pregnancy. The pregnant woman was hospitalized due to preterm premature rupture of membranes at 26 weeks. Tocolytics and corticosteroids were provided. Despite these efforts, the first fetus was born vaginally, 48 hours later. After delivery, antibiotics and tocolytics were administered to delay the birth of the remaining fetuses, which occurred after two weeks. All three babies are healthy, with normal neurological d
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28

Belotserkovtseva, L. D., L. V. Kovalenko, and S. E. Ivannikov. "Preterm labour. Whom can tocolytics help?" Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 16, no. 2 (2017): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2017-2-12-16.

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29

Goodwin, T. Murphy. "The Gordian Knot of Developing Tocolytics." Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation 11, no. 6 (2004): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsgi.2004.06.001.

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30

Pinson, Kelsey, and Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman. "Antenatal Steroids and Tocolytics in Pregnancy." Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 50, no. 1 (2023): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2022.10.006.

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31

Jeswani, Rohit, Yamini Patil, Sangeeta Lalwani, and Monika Dudve. "A Comparative Study Between Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate and Intravenous Isoxsuprine for Arrest of Preterm Labour." National Journal of Medical Research 14, no. 01 (2024): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55489/njmr.14012024988.

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Introduction: Wide use of medical management of preterm labour has been obstructed due to low success rate of arrest of labour. This is aggravated by higher incidence of serious side effect of the available tocolytic agents, especially beta-mimetic tocolytics. With this background, the present study was carried out to compare the efficacy and maternal side effect of magnesium sulphate and Isoxsuprine in the arrest of preterm labour&#x0D; Methodology: This was a comparative prospective interventional study conducted among pregnant women coming to department of obstetrics and gynaecology with 28
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Hutton, Eileen K., and Angela H. Reitsma. "A Comprehensive Review of the Research Literature on External Cephalic Version (ECV)." Canadian Journal of Midwifery Research and Practice 7, no. 1 (2024): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/cjmrp.v7i1.142.

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External cephalic version (ECV) is an approach to turning a fetus from the breech presentation by external maneuvering of the fetus through the maternal abdominal wall into a cephalic presentation. We conducted a systematic search of the current literature on ECV to provide a comprehensive overview of the procedure and associated success rates, risks, and alternatives to ECV. Tocolytics can improve ECV success, but none of the tocolytics shown to be effective for ECV are currently available in Canada. The factors that can best predict ECV success are low uterine tone (associated with parity or
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33

Mitreski, A., and M. Bogovac. "GENESIS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF PREMATURE LABOUR." Praxis medica 32, no. 1 (2004): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.70949/pramed200401069m.

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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Premature labour is provoked by noumerous causes that represent a combination of socioeconomic, maternal and fetal factors, that usually act together. The introduction of of tocolytic agents in obstetric practice has not appeared to substantially change the incidence of preterm delivery. This problem is still one of the unsolved ones in perinatal medicine. The aim of the study was to present how structural and functional anomalies of placental physiology can be connected with this disarrangement of pregnancy.In our study of 327 pregnancies controled in our unit in 41 (13,26%)
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Patil, Yamini, Padmaja A. Havle, Shivaji V. Raje, and Gauri Shinde. "Preterm Labor with Side Effects: Compare the Effectiveness of Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) with Isoxsuprine." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 14, no. 03 (2023): 786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.14.3.55.

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Background: In India, 25% of pregnancies develop preterm labor (PTL), resulting in 10 to 69% cases of preterm birth. Medical intervention to stop labor, reduce infection rate, and avoid infant respiratory distress has been the subject of studies for a long time. PTL patients usually get tocolytics, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and other clinically symptomatic and supportive therapy to accomplish this goal. Studies further showed that these tocolytic drugs lower intracellular calcium bioavailability via biochemical pathways, hindering the interaction of actin-myosin. Due to the poor success ra
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35

Dhumale, Hema, MB Bellad, and Jyotsna C. Shravage. "Preterm Labor: A Review." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1, no. 3 (2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1001.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Preterm labor (PTL) is one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is one of the major public health problems, especially with reference to mortality, disability and health care expenses. Incidence The overall incidence of PTL is around 10-15% (6-15% Range)3 (The incidence of PTL in our institute (JNMC) was 10.2% during 2006-2007. Out of all PTL 50% occur spontaneously, 25% following preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and another 25% iatrogenic (Induced due to maternal and/or fetal risks). Risk factors Previous history of preterm labor is
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36

van der Windt, Larissa, Job Klumper, Emilie V. J. van Limburg Stirum, et al. "Atosiban versus placebo in the treatment of threatened preterm birth between 30 and 34 weeks gestation: study protocol of the 4-year APOSTEL 8 follow-up." BMJ Open 14, no. 7 (2024): e083600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083600.

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IntroductionCurrently, the majority of women worldwide with threatened preterm birth are treated with tocolytics. Although tocolytics can effectively delay birth for 48 hours, no tocolytic drug has convincingly been shown to improve neonatal outcomes and effects on long-term child development are unknown. The aim of this follow-up study of a placebo controlled randomised trial is to investigate the long-term effects of atosiban administration in case of threatened preterm birth on child’s neurodevelopment and behaviour development, overall health and mortality.Methods and analysisThis protocol
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Buxton, Iain L. O., Hazik Asif та Scott D. Barnett. "β3 Receptor Signaling in Pregnant Human Myometrium Suggests a Role for β3 Agonists as Tocolytics". Biomolecules 13, № 6 (2023): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13061005.

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Preterm labor leading to preterm birth is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. At the present time, nothing can reliably halt labor once it begins. The knowledge that agonists of the β2 adrenergic receptor relax airway smooth muscle and are effective in the treatment of asthma led to the notion that β2 mimetics would prevent preterm birth by relaxing uterine smooth muscle. The activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase by β2 receptors is unable to provide meaningful tocolysis. The failure of β2 agonists such as ritodrine and terbutaline to prevent preterm birth suggests that t
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Lee, Dae Jun, Chang In Kim, Young Goo Jee, et al. "A case of Tocolytics Induced Pulmonary Edema." Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 44, no. 1 (1997): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.1997.44.1.183.

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39

Baev, O. R., O. N. Vasilchenko, and A. O. Karapetyan. "Modern tocolysis and adverse effects of tocolytics." Gynecology 20, no. 2 (2018): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/2079-5696_2018.2.46-50.

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Relevance. Toсolytic therapy is the only method that is used in the treatment of pregnant women with preterm labor. However, the effectiveness and safety of this therapy is still a matter of debate. One of the least studied issues of this problem is the safety of therapy, which is primarily manifested by the frequency of side effects. The aim is to carry out a comparative study of the safety of the most common tocolytic agents - atosiban, nifedipine and hexoprenaline sulfate. Material and methods. The study included 173 pregnant women with threatening premature births in a period of 28 to 34 w
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Angel, Jeffrey L., William F. O'Brien, Robert A. Knuppel, Walter J. Morales, and Cynthia J. Sims. "Carbohydrate intolerance in patients receiving oral tocolytics." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 159, no. 3 (1988): 762–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(88)80050-4.

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SMITH, G. "What are the realistic expectations of tocolytics?" BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 110 (April 2003): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-0328(03)00053-3.

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42

Smith, Graeme N. "What are the realistic expectations of tocolytics?" BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 110 (April 2003): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-0528.2003.00053.x.

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43

&NA;. "Should tocolytics be used in preterm labour?" Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1253 (2000): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200012530-00002.

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44

Angel, JL, WF O'Brien, RA Knuppel, WJ Morales, CJ Sims, and JH Baker. "Carbohydrate intolerance in patients receiving oral tocolytics." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 29, no. 1 (1989): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(89)90152-5.

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45

Rüegg, Ladina, Ladina Vonzun, Julia Zepf, et al. "Gestational Diabetes in Women with Fetal Spina Bifida Repair—Influence of Perioperative Management." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 17 (2024): 5029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175029.

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Background/Objectives: Fetal spina bifida (fSB) is the most common neural tube defect, and intrauterine repair has become a valid treatment option for selected cases. If fSB repair is offered, the ideal time for surgery is from 24 to 26 gestational weeks (GWs). The preoperative steroids for lung maturation and preoperative tocolytics that are administered are known to increase the prevalence of gestational diabetes (GD), which normally occurs in about 10–15% of all pregnant women. This study assessed the prevalence, possible influencing factors, and consequences on the course of pregnancy rega
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46

Soraya, Alvira Balqis, Dinda Annisa Fitria, and Ratna Dewi Puspita Sari. "Pemberian Tokolitik pada G1P0A0 Hamil 28 Minggu Belum Inpartu dengan KPD dan Oligohidramnion." MAJORITY 11, no. 1 (2022): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.59042/mj.v11i1.137.

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Premature rupture of membranes is a rupture of the amniotic membrane before delivery. It occurs in 3% of pregnancies and carries a risk of preterm delivery. Each year there are 15 million babies born and more than 1 in 10 babies born prematurely (gestational age less than 37 weeks). Obtained patient data Mrs. IR, 36 years old, came with complaints of preterm pregnancy accompanied by water-discharge. This complaint was felt since two days of SMRS, clear color, odorless and changed sanitary napkins three times a day. The patient appeared to be moderately ill, consciousness compos mentis, blood p
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Klumper, Job, Wouter Breebaart, Carolien Roos, et al. "Study protocol for a randomised trial for atosiban versus placebo in threatened preterm birth: the APOSTEL 8 study." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (2019): e029101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029101.

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IntroductionPreterm birth complicates &gt;15 million pregnancies annually worldwide. In many countries, women who present with signs of preterm labour are treated with tocolytics for 48 hours. Although this delays birth, it has never been shown to improve neonatal outcome. In 2015, the WHO stated that the use of tocolytics should be reconsidered and that large placebo-controlled studies to evaluate the effectiveness of tocolytics are urgently needed.Methods and analysisWe designed an international, multicentre, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Women with threatene
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Aydin, Yunus, and Murat Celiloglu. "Delayed Interval Delivery of a Second Twin after the Preterm Labor of the First One in Twin Pregnancies: Delayed Delivery in Twin Pregnancies." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/573824.

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A diamnionic dichorionic twin pregnant women (due to in vitro fertilization) admitted to emergency department at the 21st week of gestation because of regular contractions. By gynecological examination, we observed 8 cm dilated cervix with 80% effacement. Amniotic membrane was also bulging through the cervix. After evaluation delivery of the presenting fetus occurred quickly. The baby’s weight was 610 gr and no heart activity was detected. Placenta of the first fetus expulsed immediately. We decided to retain the second fetus to allow the improvement in the outcome. McDonald cerclage was perfo
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49

H. Sharif Al-Shibany, Yasamin, and Saba M. Swadi Al- Thuwainy. "Effectiveness and safety of the oxytocin antagonist( atosiban) versus beta-adrenergic agonists (salbutamol) in the treatment of preterm labor." AL-QADISIYAH MEDICAL JOURNAL 11, no. 20 (2017): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28922/qmj.2015.11.20.176-183.

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Background and Objectives: preterm labor complicates 5-10% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide and 70-80% of perinatal deaths occur in preterm infants. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness, safety and adverse effects of the oxytocin antagonist medication(atosiban) with those of beta-adrenergic agonist (salbutamol) in the treatment of patients with preterm labor.Patients and Methods: one hundred pregnant women with preterm labor were enrolled in this study from the period of( January 2014 – January 2015) at Al-Diwaniya Maternity
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50

&NA;. "Tocolytics and risk of serious adverse drug reactions." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1243 (2009): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912430-00006.

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