Journal articles: 'Tocosh'

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ZÃºÃ±iga Sarmiento, Redrik, and ElÃas Gutierrez Pesantes. "ProducciÃ³n de pan a partir de Tocosh de papa (Solanum Tuberosum) para el mercado nacional." INGnosis Revista de Investigación Científica 4, no. 2 (December 7, 2018): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18050/ingnosis.v4i2.2069.

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El tocosh, es un producto andino hecho a partir de papa nativa, la cual pasa por un proceso de fermentaciÃ³n por un tiempo de 6 meses. Es un alimento prebiÃ³tico, contiene propiedades medicinales, asÃ como tambiÃ©n, cantidades muy generosas de antibiÃ³tico natural (Penicilina), es utilizado como medicina tradicional en la regiÃ³n de la Sierra peruana. El objetivo de la presente investigaciÃ³n fue desarrollar una propuesta para la producciÃ³n de pan a partir de tocosh de papa (solanum tuberosum) para el mercado nacional. El tipo de investigaciÃ³n es descriptiva. El diseÃ±o de investigaciÃ³n es no experimental. Se utilizÃ³ el matriz despliegue de la funciÃ³n de calidad la cual nos mostrÃ³ que se debe tener un control estricto en el uso de la harina de tocosh, harina de trigo fortificada y en la levadura a usar, para producir un producto bajo las exigencias de calidad de nuestros consumidores. Se obtuvo tambiÃ©n, que la cantidad de operaciones para la producciÃ³n de pan de tocosh son las siguientes: 14 operaciones, 1 investigaciÃ³n y 3 operaciones investigaciÃ³n. Se concluye que la capacidad de producciÃ³n es de 873600 unidades de pan al aÃ±o. De la experimentaciÃ³n con las muestras de las tres variedades de pan de tocosh tratadas se concluye que el mayor porcentaje de aceptaciÃ³n de los posibles consumidores es el que contiene 60% harina de tocosh y 40% harina de trigo.

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Sandoval Vegas, Miguel Hernán, Janeth Tenorio Mucha, Aldo Tinco Jayo, Rudi A. Loli Ponce, and Segundo Calderón Pinillos. "Efecto antioxidante y citoprotector del tocosh de Solanum tuberosum ‘papa’ en la mucosa gástrica de animales de experimentación." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 76, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v76i1.11070.

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El tocosh es un producto alimenticio obtenido por una técnica de conservación andina y que tiene propiedades nutritivas y terapéuticas. Objetivo: Demostrar la capacidad antioxidante y el efecto citoprotector del tocosh de Solanum tuberosum ‘papa’ en la mucosa gástrica de animales de experimentación. Diseño: Experimental. Institución: Centro de Investigación de Bioquímica y Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Tocosh seco y molido administrado a ratas albinas. Intervenciones: A 6 grupos de ratas albinas machos (200 ± 50 g) se les dividió en: (GI) solución NaCl 0,9%, 10 mL/kg; (GII) etanol al 70% a 10 mL/kg; (GIII, IV y V) Tocosh equivalente a 900 mg/kg, 1 800 mg/kg y 2 700 mg/kg, respectivamente, y (GVI) sucralfato 30 mg/kg. En todos los casos, una hora después se indujo injuria con etanol 70° a 10 mL/kg y por laparotomía abdominal se obtuvo el tejido gástrico. Principales medidas de resultados: Porcentaje de citoprotección gástrica en imagen digitalizada por image analysis software for plant disease quantification y capacidad antioxidante por lipoperoxidación método espectrofotométrico de la reacción de especies reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Resultados: La marcha fitoquímica identificó compuestos fenólicos, alcaloides, triterpenoides y esteroides, azúcares reductores y aminoácidos libres como metabolitos secundarios. Las dosis de 2 700 mg/kg y 900 mg/kg resultaron en 0,72 y 1,81 nmol/g tejido de lipoperoxidación, respectivamente. La dosis de 1 800 mg/kg protegió un 97% del área de la mucosa gástrica, 2 700 mg/kg un 95% y la de 900 mg/kg, 88% (p<0,05). La dosis de 1 800 mg/kg exhibió mejor efecto citoprotector y la de 2 700 mg/kg mejor actividad antioxidante, comparada con sucralfato 30 mg/kg. Conclusiones: El tocosh de Solanum tuberosum ‘papa’ tuvo efecto citoprotector y actividad antioxidante.

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Enciso, Silvana, Julia Medina, Franco Mauricio, Cesar Mauricio-Vilchez, Daniel Alvitez-Temoche, Luzmila Vilchez, and Frank Mayta-Tovalino. "Antibacterial Effectiveness of Four Concentrations of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Solanum tuberosum (Tocosh) against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175TM: A Comparative In Vitro Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2020 (September 26, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8856382.

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Objective. To determine the in vitro antibacterial effect of four concentrations of the hydroalcoholic extract of Solanum tuberosum “tocosh” (HET) against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175TM. Methods. This was a prospective, experimental, comparative study. Fermented tocosh was subjected to hydric stress to obtain a hydroalcoholic extract at four different concentrations: 100%, 50%, 75%, and 25%. S. mutans strains were cultured in brain heart infusion agar using the swab technique. The antibacterial effectiveness of HET was evaluated following the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method and compared with 0.12% chlorhexidine (positive control group). Results. The highest mean inhibitory effect was achieved with HET at 100% (33.1 ± 2.2 mm, showing a gradual reduction in the other HET groups at 75%, 50%, and 25% (29.7 ± 1.3 mm, 26.6 ± 2.0, and 20.1 ± 1.8 mm, respectively)). Inferential analysis found statistically significant differences among all the experimental groups (p=0.001). The post hoc analysis also showed significant differences among all the experimental groups evaluated; however, there were no significant differences between HET 50% and chlorhexidine 0.12% (p>0.05). Conclusions. It was found that the highest antibacterial effectiveness was obtained by HET 100%, being even higher than the 0.12% chlorhexidine positive control, and was statistically significant. Post hoc analysis showed that almost all the concentrations showed optimal efficacy against S. mutans.

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Durand, Z. Honorio, L. Coll Hellín, and M. E. Torija Isasa. "Composición en ácidos grasos de la fracción lipídica del tocosh de maíz." Grasas y Aceites 45, no. 6 (December 30, 1994): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1994.v45.i6.1033.

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Velasco-Chong, Jonas Roberto, Oscar Herrera-Calderón, Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas, Renán Dilton Hañari-Quispe, Linder Figueroa-Salvador, Gilmar Peña-Rojas, Vidalina Andía-Ayme, Ricardo Ángel Yuli-Posadas, Andres F. Yepes-Perez, and Cristian Aguilar. "TOCOSH FLOUR (Solanum tuberosum L.): A Toxicological Assessment of Traditional Peruvian Fermented Potatoes." Foods 9, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9060719.

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Potato tocosh is a naturally processed potato for nutritional and curative purposes from traditional Peruvian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of tocosh flour (TF). For sub-acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to rats daily once a day for 28 days at doses of 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW). Animals were observed for general behaviors, mortality, body weight variations, and histological analysis. At the end of treatment, relative organ weights, histopathology, hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. For acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to mice at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW at a single dose in both sexes. Body weight, mortality, and clinical signs were observed for 14 days after treatment. The results of acute toxicity showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) value of TF is higher than 2000 g/kg BW but less than 5000 mg/Kg BW in mice. Death and toxicological symptoms were not found during the treatment. For sub-acute toxicity, we found that no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of TF in rats up to 1000 g/kg BW. There were statistically significant differences in body weight, and relative organ weight in the stomach and brain. No differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed when compared with the control group. For sub-acute toxicity, histopathological studies revealed minor abnormalities in liver and kidney tissues at doses of 5000 mg/Kg. Based on these results, TF is a traditional Peruvian medicine with high safety at up to 1000 mg/kg BW for 28 days in rats.

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Lechuga-Gilt, Hugo, and Hugo Ilan Salas-Ramírez. "Estudio para la instalación de una planta productora de mazamorra de tocosh con maca, quinua y leche." Ingeniería Industrial, no. 031 (October 11, 2013): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.26439/ing.ind2013.n031.15.

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Romero-Tapia, Percy, Gabriela Sedano-Balbin, and Sonia Sacsaquispe-Contreras. "Development of New Experimental Dentifrice of Peruvian Solanum tuberosum (Tocosh) Fermented by Water Stress: Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 20, no. 10 (2019): 1206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2681.

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Wen, Yunqi, Lili Xu, Changhu Xue, Xiaoming Jiang, and Zihao Wei. "Assessing the Impact of Oil Types and Grades on Tocopherol and Tocotrienol Contents in Vegetable Oils with Chemometric Methods." Molecules 25, no. 21 (November 1, 2020): 5076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215076.

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The consumption of vegetable oil is an important way for the body to obtain tocols. However, the impact of oil types and grades on the tocopherol and tocotrienol contents in vegetable oils is unclear. In this study, nine types of traditional edible oils and ten types of self-produced new types of vegetable oil were used to analyze eight kinds of tocols. The results showed that the oil types exerted a great impact on the tocol content of traditional edible oils. Soybean oils, corn oils, and rapeseed oils all could be well distinguished from sunflower oils. Both sunflower oils and cotton seed oils showed major differences from camellia oils as well as sesame oils. Among them, rice bran oils contained the most abundant types of tocols. New types of oil, especially sacha inchi oil, have provided a new approach to obtaining oils with a high tocol content. Oil refinement leads to the loss of tocols in vegetable oil, and the degree of oil refinement determines the oil grade. However, the oil grade could not imply the final tocol content in oil from market. This study could be beneficial for the oil industry and dietary nutrition.

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Cruz Nieto, Dante Daniel, Olga Giovanna Valderrama Rios, Jesús Manuel More López, José Yovera Saldarriaga, Javier Enrrique Sotelo Montes, Alicia Lourdes Merino Lozano, María Soledad Porras Roque, and Florencio Antonio Herrera Risco. "Consumption of natural products and its effects on Covid-19, Barranca district [Consumo de productos naturales y sus efectos en la Covid-19, distrito de Barranca]." Journal of Global Health and Medicine 5, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32829/ghmj.v5i1.221.

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The objective was to determine the consumption of natural products and its effects on Covid-19, in the district of Barranca. Data was collected on people of legal age, who said they had had symptoms of Covid-19, than having consumed natural products. The information collection process was from September 2020 to January 2021, in a total of 200 people per month of both sexes, who voluntarily agreed to participate in the research. For which, instruments such as the survey on the consumption of natural products and how many alleviated the symptoms were used. Once the data were obtained, they were processed with basic statistics, correlation analysis and analysis of variance. The results determined that in January the consumption of matico, eucalyptus, scorzonera and huamanripa increased 16, 14 and 13 persons respectively, consumption of ginger, garlic and tocosh 32, 45 and 36 persons respectively, consumption of bee honey 88 persons, in percentage of natural products consumption increased to 77% and the percentage of persons who "alleviated symptoms" to 83%. Regarding the correlation of the consumption of natural products with people who alleviated symptoms where the average r = 0.98, which indicates a high association. It is concluded that the consumption of natural products had significance to alleviate the symptoms.

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Durazzo, Alessandra, Amirhossein Nazhand, Massimo Lucarini, Amélia M. Delgado, Maryna De Wit, Kar Lin Nyam, Antonello Santini, and Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan. "Occurrence of Tocols in Foods: An Updated Shot of Current Databases." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (February 12, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8857571.

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Tocols are present in various foods, mostly in fruits and in plant seeds. Edible oils are the most important natural dietary sources of tocopherols and tocotrienols, collectively known as tocols. Tocopherols and tocotrienols are considered beneficial for their antioxidant effect which impacts on prevention of different health conditions. This perspective is addressed to give an updated picture of the tocol occurrence in foods. Moreover, the current state of the art of tocols in updated databases is explored and commented outlining their importance and future trends.

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Lee, Jae-Sung, Jieun Kwak, Mi-Ra Yoon, Jeom-Sig Lee, and Fiona R. Hay. "Contrasting tocol ratios associated with seed longevity in rice variety groups." Seed Science Research 27, no. 4 (October 10, 2017): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258517000265.

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AbstractVitamin E (tocols) is a key metabolite for efficient scavenging of lipid peroxy radicals that cause membrane breakdown during seed ageing. However, in rice, this hypothesis has been tested for very few lines only and without considering intraspecific variation in genomic structure. Here, we present a correlation study between tocols and seed longevity using a diverse rice panel. Seeds of 20 rice accessions held in the International Rice Genebank at the International Rice Research Institute, representing Aus, Basmati/Sadri, Indica, temperate Japonica and tropical Japonica variety groups, were used for tocols analysis (quantification of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol/tocotrienol by ultra-performance liquid chromatography) and storage experiments at 45°C and 10.9% seed moisture content. To examine the effects of DNA-haplotype on the phenotype, the 700 K high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism marker dataset was utilized. Both seed longevity (time for viability to fall to 50%; p50) and tocols content varied across variety groups related to the heterogeneity in the genetic architecture. Among eight types of tocol homologues, α-tocopherol and γ-tocotrienol were significantly correlated with p50 (negatively and positively, respectively). While temperate Japonica varieties were most abundant in α-tocopherol, Indica varieties recorded 1.3- to 1.7-fold higher γ-tocotrienol than those of other groups. We conclude that the specific ratio of tocol homologues rather than total tocols content plays an important role in the seed longevity mechanism.

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Jiménez, Eugenia, Alba Yépez, Alba Pérez-Cataluña, Elena Ramos Vásquez, Doris Zúñiga Dávila, Graciela Vignolo, and Rosa Aznar. "Exploring diversity and biotechnological potential of lactic acid bacteria from tocosh - traditional Peruvian fermented potatoes - by high throughput sequencing (HTS) and culturing." LWT 87 (January 2018): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.09.033.

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Loli Ponce, Rudi Amalia, Miguel Hernán Sandoval Vegas, Edna Ramírez Miranda, Esther Graciela Cotrina Montenegro, Rosa Aidé Casquero Navarro, and Rosa Albina Velásquez Perales. "Vivencias de mujeres que utilizaron medicina tradicional para afrontar efectos de la quimioterapia y radioterapia." Revista Enfermeria Herediana 11, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/renh.v11i1.3524.

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Objetivo: develar las vivencias de mujeres que utilizaron la medicina tradicional para afrontar los efectos de la quimioterapia y radioterapia en la ciudad de Lima. Material y métodos: Investigación cualitativa descriptiva interpretativa. Participaron 10 mujeres con cáncer a quienes se realizó una entrevista en profundidad previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: Emergieron cuatro categorías: I. Aceptando la enfermedad, II. Afrontando los efectos de la quimioterapia y radioterapia, III. Buscando la Medicina tradicional como alternativa y IV. Ser sobreviviente del cáncer. Conclusiones: Las mujeres al recibir el diagnóstico de cáncer experimentan cambios drásticos en su cuerpo como en su patrón habitual de vida, que las colocan como un “Ser vulnerable, frágil y dependiente”, este proceso termina con la aceptación de la enfermedad, lo que implica someterse a los tratamientos. Mientras reciben el tratamiento indicado por los médicos oncólogos, buscan la medicina tradicional, o a los médicos naturistas “Ser ayudados”, como consecuencia de ello modifican hábitos en la alimentación: disminuyen o suspenden el azúcar, la leche y todo alimento en base a frituras. Las plantas medicinales que suelen utilizar son: las hojas y la fruta de la Guanábana, la baba de la sábila; así como las infusiones en base de hierbas como la manzanilla, el cedrón y la yerba luisa. Las frutas secas y las uvas son muy usadas. Las carnes que prefieren son: el cuy, los pichones de paloma y el pescado. El “tocosh de la papa” en algunos fue rechazado por el olor. Uno de los minerales usado fue la “dolomita”.

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Tuya Castillo, Eladio Guillermo, and Heraclio Fernando Castillo Picón. "Rescate y sistematización de conocimientos colectivos de la comunidad campesina de cátac vinculados al uso sostenible de la biodiversidad." APORTE SANTIAGUINO 2, no. 1 (July 19, 2009): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32911/as.2009.v2.n1.373.

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Se ha hallado la verdadera riqueza de la Comunidad Campesina de Cátac, pues, son las biodiversidades, las mujeres, los hombres y sus conocimientos colectivos. Las grandes civilizaciones como la Preinca, Inca, los Ayllus y la Comunidad, que prosperaron en el suelo de los Andes de Cátac fueron resultado admirable de los pactos y compromisos que el ser humano y la naturaleza consagraron a través de la historia para hacer posible, la continuidad de la vida y la cultura andina.<br />En la investigación se han identificado los conocimientos colectivos de la Comunidad, tales como: manejo de pisos ecológicos, el pronóstico de cambios climáticos, los usos de biodiversidad para la alimentación y medicina, el pronóstico de las fase de la luna para la actividad agrícola y ganadera, la identificación de los animales a través de las señales, el desamargado de la quinua, la preparación de la papa seca, de tocosh, la elaboración del charqui y finalmente el uso de hilos de colores para la curación del tumor o amoqllo.<br />Se ha analizado la forma de sistematización de los conocimientos colectivos de la Comunidad que están basados en datos diacrónicos, en un contexto ecológico, social y experiencias colectivas de la población. Los factores que influyen negativamente en la pérdida de conocimientos colectivos de la Comunidad, son económicos, políticos, educativos, tecnológicos y culturales.<br />En esta investigación se presenta las propuestas de alternativas para el rescate, el uso y la conservación de los conocimientos colectivos de la Comunidad que están vinculados al uso sostenible de la biodiversidad en beneficio de los comuneros y de la humanidad

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Caldeira, Sidney Fernando, and Cibele Kotsubo da Cunha e. Castro. "Herbicidas e danos físicos em tocos de teca para controle de brotos após o desbaste." Ciência Rural 42, no. 10 (October 2012): 1826–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782012001000017.

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Tocos de árvores desbastadas de Tectona grandis apresentam rebrota intensa que compete com as árvores remanescentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da aplicação isolada ou combinada de diferentes concentrações dos herbicidas picloram e triclopyr, associados ou não à aplicação de danos físicos, no controle dessas brotações. Em um povoamento com quatro anos de idade, os tocos foram tratados imediatamente após o desbaste. Em outro povoamento com seis anos, foram tratadas as brotações presentes nos tocos desbastados no ano anterior. Foi registrada a porcentagem de tocos mortos, o número de brotações por toco e as respectivas alturas. No primeiro ensaio, a aplicação combinada de picloram a 0,48% com triclopyr a 0,96%, associada a 20 rachas com machado matou todos os tocos. No segundo ensaio, a maior eficácia, 21,7%, foi registrada com roçada prévia das brotações e a aplicação de picloram a 0,96%. Após o desbaste, a aplicação isolada de picloram ou combinada com triclopyr associada ou não aos danos físicos é eficiente para controlar os brotos de teca. A aplicação nas rebrotas de tocos desbastados no ano anterior apresenta alguma eficiência, mas com menor percentual de tocos mortos em relação à aplicação após o desbaste.

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Nehdia, I. A., N. Abutaha, H. M. Sbihi, C. P. Tan, and S. I. Al-Resayes. "Chemical composition, oxidative stability and antiproliferative activity of Anethum graveolens (dill) seed hexane extract." Grasas y Aceites 71, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0455191.

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This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties, chemical composition, and antiproliferative activity of the hexane extract of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) seeds using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Two fractions, namely the lipid fraction (74%) and volatile fraction (26%), were detected. The extract content of the seeds was about 9.4% and the extract had a pleasant spicy aroma. Oleic acid (52%), cis-vaccenic acid (6.2%), linoleic acid (5.5%), and palmitic acid (3.3%) were the key fatty acids in the lipid fraction, while apiol (23%) and d-carvone (2.4%) were the major volatile components. Tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols) were also detected in the A. Graveolens extract (155 mg/100 g) and b-tocopherol was identified as the major tocol (71%). Dill extract showed a high oxidative stability (induction time = 45.22 h). Furthermore, dill extract showed antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cell lines.

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Masson, Lilia, Conrado Camilo, Katherine Gonzalez, Andrea Caceres, Neuza Jorge, and Esperanza M. Torija. "New Sources of Oilseeds from Latin American Native Fruits." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 3 (March 2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300310.

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Three Latin American oilseeds obtained from native fruits: nopal (tuna) ( Opuntia ficus-indica), cherimoya (chirimoya) ( Annona cherimola), and papaya, Chilean variety ( Carica pubescens or C. candamarcensis) were studied for their fatty acid composition and bioactive compounds, such as tocols and phytosterols, looking for new sources of special oilseeds for this region. The results indicated that each species represents an interesting possibility. Nopal oilseed is a good source of linoleic acid (62%), with a good balance between SFA and MUFA (1:1.3). Cherimoya oilseed presents quite a different composition, with 24% SFA, 43% MUFA and 33% PUFA. Palmitic and stearic acids (15% and 7.6%, respectively) are the main SFA. A good balance between oleic acid (42.7%) and linoleic acid (31%) was observed. Papaya oilseed is a highly MUFA oil (72% with 71% oleic acid), with a very interesting composition, according to the new nutritional and technological recommendations. With respect to bioactive compounds, the main tocol in these three oilseeds was γ-tocopherol, with 136, 300 and 317 mg/kg for cherimoya, papaya and nopal oilseeds, respectively. According to the total tocol content, papaya oilseed presented the highest value with 384 mg/kg. The total amount and distribution of phytosterols was different, with values of 3092, 3554 and 5474 mg/kg for nopal, cherimoya and papaya oilseeds, respectively, with β-sitosterol forming 47.6%, 65.0 % and 78.7% of the total phytosterol fractions, respectively. From the results obtained, Chilean papaya oilseed can be considered as a very promising new source of special plant oil for different applications, followed by cherimoya and nopal oilseeds.

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Huang, Baifen, Zengxuan Cai, Jingshun Zhang, and Jiaojiao Xu. "An Efficient Solid-Phase Extraction-Based Liquid Chromatography Method to Simultaneously Determine Diastereomers α-Tocopherol, Other Tocols, and Retinol Isomers in Infant Formula." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (March 19, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5591620.

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The separation and simultaneous quantitation of diastereomers of DL-α-tocopherol, eight tocol forms, and retinols (trans and cis) have been conducted by reversed-phase liquid chromatography followed by solid-phase extraction. A chiral silica stationary phase modified with polysaccharide derivative on the monodisperse macroporous silica gel (Unichiral OD-5H column, 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, NanoMicro Technology Co., Ltd.) was employed for eluting each target compound. Instead of conventional solvent extract, a green and eco-friendly solid-phase extraction column, packing with nonpolar polystyrene divinylbenzene, was optimized in terms of capacity and solvent used in steps. Validation of the method was examined and confirmed to be satisfactory, with excellent linearity regression (r > 0.9999), acceptable accuracy (74.66%∼112.92%), and precision (0.20%∼10.52%) results. Limit of detection ranged from 0.05 mg·kg−1 (retinols) to 0.4 mg·kg−1 (tocols). The method was checked by infant formula reference material SRM 1849a as well, which illustrated good agreement of mass fraction with certified value and enriched the important isomer data.

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Pereira, Reginaldo Sérgio, Raul Silvestre, Mauro Eloi Nappo, Éder Pereira Miguel, and Fabiano Emmert. "QUALIDADE DA COLHEITA E ATRIBUTOS FÍSICOS DO SOLO: IMPLICAÇÕES NO PLANEJAMENTO DA REFORMA DE POVOAMENTOS FLORESTAIS." REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 21, no. 3 (June 25, 2013): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v21i3.356.

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O objetivo foi avaliar os refl exos da colheita de madeira com o uso da motosserra e das propriedades físicas do solo em duas áreas destinadas à reforma de povoamentos de eucalipto. O estudo foi conduzido na Fazenda Água Limpa (FAL), pertence à Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Foram escolhidas duas áreas a serem submetidas ao processo de reforma. A área 1 (AR1) foi colhida em 2010 e a área 2 (AR2) foi colhida em 2004 e abandonada para regeneração. Na AR2 a altura dos tocos estava fora dos padrões técnicos recomendados (< 5 cm), o que impossibilita a entrada dos implementos fl orestais para o preparo do solo. Foi realizado um inventário e determinado o rendimento e os custos operacionais de rebaixamento desses tocos. Tanto na AR1 quanto na AR2 os parâmetros resistência à penetração, densidade e umidade higroscópica do solo foram determinados. As amostras de solo foram caracterizadas como altamente plásticas, com comportamento argiloso laterítico. Os valores máximos de RP concentraram-se nas profundidades de solo de 25 até 35 cm e houve pouca variação na densidade do solo entre as duas áreas, com valores próximos a 1000 kg m-3. Na AR2 o volume de madeira desperdiçado na forma de tocos foi de aproximadamente 13,70 m³/ha, sendo necessárias 16,7 horas para rebaixar um hectare, a um custo de R$ 492,48 ha-1.

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Delgado, Amélia, Said Al-Hamimi, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Maryna De Wit, Alessandra Durazzo, Kar Lin Nyam, and Manel Issaoui. "Contribution of Tocols to Food Sensorial Properties, Stability, and Overall Quality." Journal of Food Quality 2020 (December 3, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8885865.

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This paper reviews the contribution of tocopherols and tocotrienols (tocols) to food quality as well as their bioactivity and health-promoting properties, which have attracted researchers and food technologists. Tocols are lipophilic phenolic antioxidants encompassing tocopherols that are characterized by a saturated side chain and tocotrienols with an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain. Tocols are natural constituents of several foods like dairy, vegetable oils, nuts, and grains. Their presence in foods, namely, as food additives, helps prevent lipid oxidation, which negatively affects the sensorial quality of foods, and even the nutritional value and safety. Supplementation of animals’ diets with tocopherols has proven its effectiveness in preserving fresh color and flavor of the meat. Although alfa-tocopherol displays much higher vitamin E activity than other tocols, health outcomes have been reported for tocotrienols, thus calling for more studies.

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Nanda, Doris, Germain Kansci, Sylvain Rafflegeau, Claire Bourlieu, Georges Ngando Ebongue, and Claude Genot. "Impact of post-harvest storage and freezing of palm fruits on the extraction yield and quality of African crude palm oil extracted in the laboratory." OCL 27 (2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020046.

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In the frame of African artisanal small-scale extraction of palm oil, the effects of post-harvest storage time and freezing of palm fruits on the extraction yield and quality of crude palm oil (CPO) were studied at laboratory scale using a process mimicking artisanal extraction. The extraction yield and free fatty acid (FFA) content of CPO increased with the length of fruit storage time at room temperature and freezing. FFA, total fatty acid and triacylglycerol profiles indicated a lack of specificity of the lipases at work. During post-harvest storage, the carotenoid content of CPO decreased slightly, tocopherols and tocotrienols (tocols) remained steady, while lipid oxidation remained at a very low level. For frozen fruits, carotene and tocol contents decreased sharply as a function of storage time, thought remaining quite high, but decreasing amounts of secondary oxidation products were detected. The FFA content and lipid oxidation level were highly correlated, indicating a pro-oxidant effect of FFAs. To conclude, three days of storage prior to artisanal extraction seemed the best trade-off between extraction yield and CPO quality. Combined storage at room temperature and freezing of palm fruits led to a large range of FFA contents in CPO. Optimization of the FFA contents of artisanal CPOs in line with local consumer’s demand calls for an assessment of their functional properties and sensory perception of foods formulated with CPOs.

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Brondani, Gilvano Ebling, Jonathan Max Emilian Hoffmann, Antônio Natal Gonçalves, and Marcílio De Almeida. "Determinação do teor de carboidratos em minicepas de Eucalyptus benthamii." Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2012): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v3n1.brondani.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conteúdo foliar de carboidratos solúveis não estruturais dos mini-tocos de Eucalyptus benthamii em relação às concentrações de Zn e B durante sucessivas coletas de brotos. Foram coletadas brotações de mini-tocos fertigados com soluções nutricionais contendo diferentes concentrações de Zn e B (S1 - livre de Zn e B, S2 - 0,5 mg L-1 Zn, S3 - 0,5 mg L-1 B, S4 - 0,5 mg L- 1 Zn e B, S5 - 1,0 mg L-1 Zn e B, S6 - 2,0 mg L-1 Zn e B). Foram realizadas oito coletas de brotos do mini-jardim clonal. O teor total de carboidratos solúveis não estruturais das folhas (sacarose, glicose e frutose) foi determinado na 2ª, 4ª, 6ª e 8ª coletas. O aumento das concentrações de Zn e B na solução nutritiva induziu a redução do conteúdo total de carboidratos solúveis não estruturais das folhas, sendo a frutose a mais afetada.

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Nascimento, Kauê Augusto Oliveira, Fabiano Emmert, and Renato Cesar Gonçalves Robert. "ASPECTOS DA QUALIDADE DO TRABALHO RELACIONADOS À EXPLORAÇÃO FLORESTAL NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL." BIOFIX Scientific Journal 2 (November 22, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/biofix.v2i0.56342.

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A baixa qualidade das operações é apontada como a principal causa da insustentabilidade ecológica do manejo florestal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a quantificação e a análise de variáveis de qualidade no corte florestal: engate de árvores, altura de toco e árvores ocas. A área de estudo localiza-se no município de Itapiranga, Amazonas, onde a coleta de dados consistiu em 39 horas do corte florestal. Em média três árvores por jornada (12%) engataram no momento de corte por falta de perícia. A altura média dos tocos foi de 26 cm, com volume médio de 0,09 m³ por árvore (2,9%) em forma de tocos. Foi encontrada, em média, 19,8% de árvores ocas por jornada, com tempo perdido de deslocamento por jornada de uma hora e 12 minutos, sendo equivalente a 12,9 m³ de produtividade perdida. As adequações do processo de planejamento da operação acarretam no aumento da segurança e do desempenho da exploração florestal.

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Holoubek, I., Z. Šeda, L. Houšková, J. Kaláček, Z. Štroufová, R. Vančura, A. Kočan, et al. "Project Tocoen." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 36, no. 1-2 (July 1992): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249209357832.

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Holoubek, I., A. Kočan, J. Petrik, J. Chovancova, K. Bíliková, P. Korínek, I. Holoubková, et al. "Project tocoen." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 36, no. 1-2 (July 1992): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772249209357833.

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Wang, Y. "Tocosol Paclitaxel." Drugs of the Future 31, no. 1 (2006): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.2006.031.01.961244.

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Xiang and Wu. "Tree-Based and Optimum Cut-Based Origin-Destination Flow Clustering." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8110477.

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Data about the movements of diverse objects, including human beings, animals, and commodities, are collected in growing amounts as location-aware technologies become pervasive. Clustering has become an increasingly important analytical tool for revealing travel patterns from large-scale movement datasets. Most existing methods for origin-destination (OD) flow clustering focus on the geographic properties of an OD flow but ignore the temporal information preserved in the OD flow, which reflects the dynamic changes in the travel patterns over time. In addition, most methods require some predetermined parameters as inputs and are difficult to adjust considering the changes in the users’ demands. To overcome such limitations, we present a novel OD flow clustering method, namely, TOCOFC (Tree-based and Optimum Cut-based Origin-Destination Flow Clustering). A similarity measurement method is proposed to quantify the spatial similarity relationship between OD flows, and it can be extended to measure the spatiotemporal similarity between OD flows. By constructing a maximum spanning tree and splitting it into several unrelated parts, we effectively remove the noise in the flow data. Furthermore, a recursive two-way optimum cut-based method is utilized to partition the graph composed of OD flows into OD flow clusters. Moreover, a criterion called CSSC (Child tree/Child graph Self-Similarity Criterion) is formulated to determine if the clusters meet the output requirements. By modifying the parameters, TOCOFC can obtain clustering results for different time scales and spatial scales, which makes it possible to study movement patterns from a multiscale perspective. However, TOCOFC has the disadvantages of low efficiency and large memory consumption, and it is not conducive to quickly handling large-scale data. Compared with previous works, TOCOFC has a better clustering performance, which is reflected in the fact that TOCOFC can guarantee a balance between clusters and help to fully understand the corresponding patterns. Being able to perform the spatiotemporal clustering of OD flows is also a highlight of TOCOFC, which will help to capture the differences in the patterns at different times for a deeper analysis. Extensive experiments on both artificial spatial datasets and real-world spatiotemporal datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness and flexibility of TOCOFC.

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Velji, M. "Seductive Piety: Faith and Fashion through Lipovetsky and Heidegger." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-tocome.

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Navarro del Hierro, Joaquín, Guillermo Reglero, and Diana Martin. "Chemical Characterization and Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds from Saponin-Rich Extracts and Their Acid-Hydrolysates Obtained from Fenugreek and Quinoa." Foods 9, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9091159.

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Saponin-rich extracts from edible seeds have gained increasing interest and their hydrolysis to sapogenin-rich extracts may be an effective strategy to enhance their potential bioactivity. However, it remains necessary to study the resulting chemical modifications of the extracts after hydrolysis as well as their impact on the subsequent bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds. The chemical composition of non-hydrolyzed and hydrolyzed extracts from fenugreek (FE, HFE) and quinoa (QE, HQE), and the bioaccessibility of saponins, sapogenins and other bioactive compounds after an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was assessed. In general, FE mainly contained saponins (31%), amino acids (6%) and glycerides (5.9%), followed by carbohydrates (3.4%), fatty acids (FFA) (2.3%), phytosterols (0.8%), tocols (0.1%) and phenolics (0.05%). HFE consisted of FFA (35%), sapogenins (8%) and partial glycerides (7%), and were richer in phytosterols (1.9%) and tocols (0.3%). QE mainly contained glycerides (33%), FFA (19%), carbohydrates (16%) and saponins (7.9%), and to a lesser extent alkylresorcinols (1.8%), phytosterols (1.5%), amino acids (1.1%), tocols (0.5%) and phenolics (0.5%). HQE mainly consisted of FFA (57%), partial glycerides (23%) and sapogenins (5.4%), were richer in phytosterols (2.4%), phenolics (1.2%) and tocols (0.7%) but poorer in alkylresorcinols (1%). After in vitro digestion, saponins from FE and QE were fully bioaccessible, sapogenins from HFE displayed a good bioaccessibility (76%) and the sapogenin from HQE was moderately bioaccesible (38%). Digestion of saponin and sapogenin standards suggested that other components of the extracts were enhancing the bioaccessibility. Other minor bioactive compounds (phytosterols, alkylresorcinols, tocols and some phenolics) also displayed optimal bioaccessibility values (70–100%).

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PÉREZ, IVÁN JIMÉNEZ. "Taxonomic identity of “Tocoro”, a large hollow bamboo from Yungas of Bolivia (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Aulonemia)." Phytotaxa 263, no. 1 (May 27, 2016): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.263.1.8.

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“Tocoro” is a large and internode dimorphic hollow bamboo from the montane forest of Bolivia. A morphological comparison of specimens of “Tocoro” with published descriptions and keys of related species establishes that these bamboos belong to Aulonemia herzogiana and A. hirtula; the latter is a new record for the country. Furthermore, misidentifications in specimens of A. hirtula and an erroneous description of A. herzogiana were detected.

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Pietersen, Gerhard, and Marie F. Smith. "Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Resistant Tomatoes Show Resistance to Tomato curly stunt virus." Plant Disease 86, no. 5 (May 2002): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.528.

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A new disease of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) in South Africa has caused severe yield losses. The causative virus, Tomato curly stunt virus (ToCSV) is distantly related to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Thirty-two tomato accessions resistant to TYLCV and 8 local cultivars were assessed for their responses to ToCSV infection. Natural infection in a field trial and a screen-house trial with controlled ToCSV-inoculation were conducted. Symptoms were rated using a severity index (SI). Yield parameters were determined in the screenhouse trial to support SI evaluations. Average SI's obtained demonstrate that TYLCV-tolerant tomato accessions, with a few exceptions, have milder symptoms of ToCSV infection than TYLCV-susceptible, sensitive accessions. None of the accessions were immune, with some virus detected in all plants. Yield losses due to ToCSV infection of TYLCV-tolerant tomato accessions were not significant (P > 0.10) with some exceptions. However, TYLCV-sensitive accessions and 8 local cultivars had significant (P < 0.10) yield losses of 49 to 100%. TYLCV-tolerant cultivars may be useful for control of ToCSV, but require evaluation prior to release or use in breeding programs in South Africa.

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Salvi, José V., Marcos A. Matos, and Marcos Milan. "Avaliação do desempenho de dispositivo de corte de base de colhedora de cana-de-açúcar." Engenharia Agrícola 27, no. 1 (April 2007): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162007000100014.

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A utilização da colheita mecanizada na cana-de-açúcar faz surgir preocupações quanto à qualidade do corte e à perda de matéria-prima; para minimizar esses problemas, os fabricantes de colhedoras têm desenvolvido dispositivos para auxiliar o operador no controle da altura de corte. Em vista disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho qualitativo de um dispositivo semi-automático de controle de altura de corte basal, instalado em uma colhedora de cana picada. Analisou-se em duas situações, com e sem o uso do dispositivo, a variabilidade da altura de corte, tocos arrancados e impureza mineral, por meio de estatística descritiva. Para as condições analisadas, o corte de base não está sob controle estatístico, não sendo possível manter a altura de corte determinada pela usina. O uso do dispositivo pode ser útil para a manutenção de altura de corte menor, mas é influenciado pelo estado do canavial e não mostrou vantagens quanto à impureza mineral; no entanto, apresentou menor freqüência de tocos arrancados. Existem diferenças na altura do toco e na impureza mineral quando se considera o período de trabalho (manhã/tarde).

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Sunhog Orsi, Heitor, Luiz Augusto Macedo Mestre, and Juliana Rechetelo. "Caracterização dos sítios reprodutivos da coruja-buraqueira (Athene cunicularia) em uma área de restinga de Pontal do Sul, litoral do Paraná." Revista CEPSUL - Biodiversidade e Conservação Marinha 10 (June 28, 2021): e2021005. http://dx.doi.org/10.37002/revistacepsul.vol10.884e2021005.

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No litoral do Paraná a coruja-buraqueira (Athene cunicularia) usa a vegetação de restinga mais próxima ao mar para fazer suas tocas, sendo este ambiente importante para a manutenção destas populações. Este estudo descreve o sítio reprodutivo das corujas-buraqueiras na restinga de Pontal do Sul, litoral do Paraná. Foram monitoradas e medidas características ambientais no entorno de 44 tocas (sendo 19 ativas) entre agosto de 2017 e abril de 2018. A maioria das tocas foi registrada com aberturas em direções opostas às pre-dominantes frentes frias. As tocas ativas apresentaram maior porcentagem de gramíneas e menor quantidade de árvores em seu entorno quando comparadas às inativas. Além disso, sugere-se que a maioria das tocas estava sobre ambientes não inundáveis, sendo a preferên-cia por determinado tipo de formação vegetacional possivelmente relacionada aos padrões de alagamento local. A conservação da restinga e suas diferentes fitofisionomias é importan-te para a manutenção da população local de corujas-buraqueiras no litoral do Paraná.

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Taljaard, Susan, Gavin Snow, Phumelele Gama, and Lara van Niekerk. "Verification of a conceptual model of water quality for small temporarily open/closed estuaries: East Kleinemonde Estuary, South Africa." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 3 (2009): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07226.

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The dynamics of the world’s larger permanently open estuaries have been well documented, but much less is known about the complex dynamics of smaller temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs). Seventy per cent of South Africa’s 250 estuaries are classified as TOCEs, and many are less than 50 ha. A conceptual model of the water-quality dynamics of TOCEs has been proposed, primarily considering three hydrodynamic states (closed, semi-closed and open). This paper uses data from the East Kleinemonde Estuary, a small TOCE in the warm-temperate region of South Africa, to verify the model, focusing on physico-chemical parameters (salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and turbidity) and inorganic macronutrients (dissolved inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphate) for the open and closed states. The results generally fitted the model in terms of the behaviour of the physico-chemical parameters and macronutrients in the water column. This knowledge provides a first approach to predict the water-quality dynamics in small TOCEs, thereby ensuring that the often limited resources are targeted at resolving uncertainties at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. TOCEs are not unique to South Africa and also occur along other coasts (Mediterranean and south-western Australia) where this type of model could also be applied.

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Singh, Pankaj K., and Sunil Krishnan. "Vitamin E Analogs as Radiation Response Modifiers." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/741301.

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The potentially life-threatening effects of total body ionizing radiation exposure have been known for more than a century. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the effects of radiation over the past six decades, efforts to identify effective radiation countermeasures for use in case of a radiological/nuclear emergency have been largely unsuccessful. Vitamin E is known to have antioxidant properties capable of scavenging free radicals, which have critical roles in radiation injuries. Tocopherols and tocotrienols, vitamin E analogs together known as tocols, have shown promise as radioprotectors. Although the pivotal mechanisms of action of tocols have long been thought to be their antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging activities, other alternative mechanisms have been proposed to drive their activity as radioprotectors. Here we provide a brief overview of the effects of ionizing radiation, the mechanistic mediators of radiation-induced damage, and the need for radiation countermeasures. We further outline the role for, efficacy of, and mechanisms of action of tocols as radioprotectors, and we compare and contrast their efficacy and mode of action with that of another well-studied chemical radioprotector, amifostine.

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Hoffman, Henry, Semirra Bayan, Josh Tokita, Douglas Van Daele, and Robert Schneider. "In reference tocost-effective dental protection during rigid endoscopy." Laryngoscope 122, no. 10 (August 2, 2012): 2362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.23489.

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Domanski, Mark, Patty Lee, and Nader Sadeghi. "In response tocost-effective dental protection during rigid endoscopy." Laryngoscope 122, no. 10 (September 20, 2012): 2363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.23558.

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38

Montilla, G., M. A. Toscano, R. Sánchez, A. Shmueli, M. Stanko, and M. Asuaje. "Simulación del efecto de ataguías sumergidas sobre la futura operación de las turbinas Kaplan de la Central Hidroeléctrica Tocoma (Venezuela)." Ingeniería del agua 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2008): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ia.2008.2934.

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La Central Hidroeléctrica de Tocoma, actualmente en construcción, está localizada en la zona sur oriental de Venezuela en el Estado Bolívar sobre las aguas del Río Caroní. Tocoma será equipada con 10 turbinas Kaplan, con potencia instalada de 2.160 MW y un Aliviadero con una capacidad de 28.750 m3/s, y junto con las presas de Macagua, Caruachi y Guri conformarán del Desarrollo Hidroeléctrico del Bajo Caroní. El bjetivo de esta investigación es evaluar los efectos hidrodinámicos de las Ataguías “A” y “B” sumergidas sobre la operación de las turbinas Kaplan de la Central Hidroeléctrica Tocoma utilizando la modelación hibrida Matemática – Física. La presencia de estas Ataguías sumergidas puede dar origen a comportamientos hidrodinámicos tridimensionales pudiendo causar pérdidas adicionales de energía y mal funcionamiento de las turbinas. Se desarrollaron 2 modelos matemáticos monofásicos utilizando la técnica de la Dinámica Computacional de los Fluidos (CFD) aplicando el código comercial ANSYS-CFX 10. El primer modelo matemático representó el embalse d la Central Hidroeléctrica y fue calibrado cualitativa y cuantitativamente con un modelo físico a escala 1:80 gobernado bajo la ley de similitud de Froude. Este modelaje hibrido determinó los patrones de flujo hidrodinámicos de aproximación a las tomas de las turbinas Kaplan, los cuales evidencian una asimetría en la distribución de velocidades en las tomas cercanas a la Ataguía B. El segundo modelo matemático representó la toma y la turbina Kaplan considerando la asimetría de velocidades reportadas por el primer modelo matemático. Los resultados reportaron que la asimetría de velocidades no ocasiona ninguna irregularidad en la distribución de velocidades y presiones en los dominios estudiados en comparación con el caso de aproximación uniforme. Esto puede ser un indicativo de que la condición hidrodinámica no uniforme en la entrada de las tomas de las turbinas Kaplan de Tocoma no afecta el funcionamiento normal de la unidad turbogeneradora.

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Uhrin, D., J. R. Brisson, G. Kogan, and H. J. Jennings. "1D Analogs of 3D NOESY-TOCSY and 4D TOCSY-NOESY-TOCSY. Application to Polysaccharides." Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B 104, no. 3 (July 1994): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmrb.1994.1088.

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Satyannarayana, S., B. Anjaneyulu, T. S. V. R. Neeharika, K. N. Prasanna Rani, and P. P. Chakrabarti. "Process optimization for the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction of wheat germ oil with respect to yield, and phosphorous and tocol contents using a Box Behnken design." Grasas y Aceites 69, no. 3 (August 27, 2018): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0102181.

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The supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction technique has emerged as one of the best possible alternatives to organic solvent (hexane) extraction. However, very limited information is available on process optimization for this extraction technique and the lack of available engineering data is causing the slow growth of this technique. In the present investigation, SC-CO2 extraction was carried out to extract the oil from wheat germ under various operating conditions and the oil samples were characterized for properties such as phosphorous and tocol contents (vitamin E). A three-level Box Behnken design from response surface methodology was applied to optimize the SC-CO2 extraction parameters such as pressure, temperature and CO2 flow rate with an objective to obtain high oil yield, rich tocol contents and low phosphorous content. The process parameters were maintained between 30 to 50 MPa, 40 to 60 °C and a flow rate of 10 to 30 g·min-1 in a Box Behnken design matrix. Three different second order polynomial models were obtained for oil yield, phosphorous content and tocol contents with high R2 values. The optimum conditions were found to be 50 M Pa, 60 °C and 30 g·min-1 where the predicted oil yield, phosphorous content and tocol contents were found to be 8.87%, 31.86 mg·Kg-1 and 2059.92 mg·Kg-1 respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the experimental oil yield, phosphorous content and tocol contents obtained were found to be very close to the values predicted by the model.

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Yeasmin, Sabina, Jeong Hyun Yeum, Byung Chul Ji, Jin Hyun Choi, and Seong Baek Yang. "Electrically Conducting Pullulan-Based Nanobiocomposites Using Carbon Nanotubes and TEMPO Cellulose Nanofibril." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030602.

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Hybrid nanobiocomposite films are prepared using a solution casting by incorporating TEMPO cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into an aqueous solution of pullulan (PULL). The presence of CNT is confirmed by XRD characterization, and the prepared film shows an increased degree of crystallinity after the addition of TOCNs and CNT. The maximum degree of crystallinity value is obtained for CNT 0.5 % (59.64%). According to the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the shifts of the characteristic -OH peak of PULL occurred after the addition of TOCNs and aqueous CNT (3306.39 to 3246.90 cm−1), confirming interaction between the TOCNs, CNTs, and PULL matrix. The prepared films show enhanced material properties including higher tensile strength (65.41 MPa at low CNT content (0.5%)), water barrier properties, and reduced moisture susceptibility (5 wt.% CNT shows the lowest value (11.28%)) compared with the neat PULL film. Additionally, the prepared films are almost biodegradable within 64 days and show excellent electrical conductivity (0.001 to 0.015 S/mm for 0.5–5% CNT), which suggests a new approach to transform natural polymers into novel advanced materials for use in the fields of biosensing and electronics.

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Kim, Ana H. "In response tocost analysis of asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss investigations." Laryngoscope 123, no. 8 (June 26, 2013): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.22466.

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Cueva, Roberto A. "In reference toCost analysis of asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss investigations." Laryngoscope 123, no. 8 (January 17, 2012): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.22468.

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Holmbeck, S., P. Hajduk, and L. Lerner. "Streamlined Pseudo-3D TOCSY-NOESY and TOCSY-ROESY Experiments." Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B 102, no. 1 (August 1993): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmrb.1993.1070.

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Schleucher, J., J. Quant, S. J. Glaser, and Christian Griesinger. "ChemInform Abstract: TOCSY in ROESY and ROESY in TOCSY." ChemInform 43, no. 36 (August 9, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201236273.

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Pluháčková, Helena, Karolína Benešová, Jaroslava Ehrenbergerová, and Blanka Kocourková. "The content of vitamine E in hop cones of the Saaz variety." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 3 (2013): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361030777.

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The activity of vitamin E, total content of tocols and the content of individual isomers: α-tocopherols, β-tocopherols, γ-tocopherols and δ-tocopherols was monitored in samples of hop cones of the world-important Saaz variety. Hop cone samples originated from hop-breeding area Tršice, Czech Republic. The method used for the determination of vitamin E in barley was modified and used for this quantitative analysis. The results indicate that monitored characteristics are influenced by the year of harvest (2010 or 2011) but also by the age of hop-gardens (hop bucks). High values of vitamin E activity (up to 67.79 mg.kg−1) and total content of tocols (up to 76.31 mg.kg−1) in hop cones are worth further attention from the viewpoint of alternative use of hops.

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Zanella, Lucas Venícius, Geedre Adriano Borsoi, Carla Talita Pertille, and Marcos Felipe Nicoletti. "EFEITOS DA ALTURA DO TOCO NO VOLUME COLHIDO EM UM PLANTIO DE Pinus taeda L." BIOFIX Scientific Journal 3, no. 2 (July 10, 2018): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/biofix.v3i2.59693.

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Objetivou-se quantificar o desperdício que a operação de corte florestal com o harvester exerce nas receitas de um plantio de Pinus taeda L. localizado em Timbó Grande/SC. A partir de inventário florestal realizado pela empresa, elaborou-se uma tabela de distribuição de frequências, afim de obter o número de árvores cubadas por classe diamétrica. Foram cubadas 42 árvores pelo método de Smalian e ajustou-se o modelo de afilamento de Prodan. Foram mensurados 150 tocos remanescentes pós colheita, para determinar a altura média de corte do local. Foram elaborados dois cenários para estimar a quantidade de volume em m³ deixado a campo e seu respectivo valor em R$ m-³ nos tocos. O primeiro envolveu a altura de corte a 24,38 cm e foi designado como cenário atual. Já o segundo, foi chamado de desejado com altura de corte de 16 cm. A altura de corte média de corte encontrada foi de 24,38 cm, enquanto que a altura mínima possível foi de 16 cm, gerando em média 8,4 cm de excesso na altura de corte. Para o cenário atual, o volume médio a ser colhido foi de 2,32 m³ árvore-1, com valor médio de R$ 389,47 por árvore, resultando em uma produtividade de 562,02 m³ ha-1 com receita de R$ ha-1 94.652,57. Já para o cenário desejado, a média do volume estimado foi de 2,34 m³ árvore-1, com valor médio de R$ 392,34 por árvore, com produtividade de 569,42 m³ ha-1 e renda bruta de R$ ha-1 95.351,38.

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Adhikari, Prakash, Keum Taek Hwang, Min Kyung Shin, Bo Kyung Lee, Sung Kyu Kim, Sun Young Kim, Ki-Teak Lee, and Sung Zu Kim. "Tocols in caneberry seed oils." Food Chemistry 111, no. 3 (December 2008): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.038.

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Ho, Thien-Hoang, Kim-Hung Huynh, Diem Quynh Nguyen, Hyunjae Park, Kyoungho Jung, Bookyo Sur, Yeh-Jin Ahn, Sun-Shin Cha, and Lin-Woo Kang. "Catalytic Intermediate Crystal Structures of Cysteine Desulfurase from the Archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1." Archaea 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5395293.

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Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 is an anaerobic archaeon usually found in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent area, which can use elemental sulfur (S0) as a terminal electron acceptor for energy. Sulfur, essential to many biomolecules such as sulfur-containing amino acids and cofactors including iron-sulfur cluster, is usually mobilized from cysteine by the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate- (PLP-) dependent enzyme of cysteine desulfurase (CDS). We determined the crystal structures of CDS from Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 (ToCDS), which include native internal aldimine (NAT), gem-diamine (GD) with alanine, internal aldimine structure with existing alanine (IAA), and internal aldimine with persulfide-bound Cys356 (PSF) structures. The catalytic intermediate structures showed the dihedral angle rotation of Schiff-base linkage relative to the PLP pyridine ring. The ToCDS structures were compared with bacterial CDS structures, which will help us to understand the role and catalytic mechanism of ToCDS in the archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1.

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ALBERTO, R. M. F., and N. F. FONTOURA. "Distribuição e estrutura etária de Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) em praia arenosa do litoral sul do Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Biologia 59, no. 1 (February 1999): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71081999000100013.

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Analisou-se a distribuição espacial e a estrutura da população do caranguejo-fantasma Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787), habitante da praia de Pinhal, no litoral do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de novembro de 91 a dezembro de 93. Para a análise da distribuição etária, utilizou-se o censo indireto, baseando-se em medidas aleatórias dos diâmetros das tocas. Constatou-se a existência de 2 grupos etários distintos, com possibilidade de um terceiro grupo. A longevidade foi estimada em até 3 anos. Para as relações diâmetro de toca/largura do cefalotórax, comprimento/largura e peso/largura, foram tomadas amostras de animais, utilizando-se técnicas de escavação e uso de armadilhas específicas. As equações que descrevem estas relações são, respectivamente, DT = 0,6648 + 1,0013.L; C = 0,77.L1,02; e P = 0,0004.L3,0876 (DT é o diâmetro da toca; C é o comprimento da carapaça; L é a largura da carapaça; e P é o peso). A análise da distribuição espacial foi realizada através do mapeamento das tocas, baseando-se na distância e no desnível em relação à linha d'água. Constatou-se existir uma preferência pela construção das tocas na grande área central da faixa de praia, podendo haver, no entanto, migração da população em condições adversas. Analisou-se também a morfologia das tocas encontradas, estabelecendo-se padrões para o local.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tocosh'

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