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Journal articles on the topic 'Toff'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 20 July 2025

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1

Meignanamoorthy, M., T. Anandaraj, M. Ravichandran, et al. "Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Characteristics of Al-4.4 Mg-0.7 Mn-0.15 Cr-12 wt.% MoO3 Composites Using Taguchi Technique." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (March 9, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8410061.

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This research put forth an effort to produce AA5083 (Al-4.4 Mg-0.7 Mn-0.15 Cr)-12 wt.% MoO3 composite via the stir casting (SC) process, and the effects of process parameters such as pulse on time (TON), pulse off time (TOFF), and current (I) on the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) characteristics such as metal removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) were investigated using the Taguchi method. Numerous unconventional machining methods are accessible to machine MMCs; among that, WEDM is a significant method. ANOVA was utilized to identify the suitable parameters to obtain maximu

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Röhl, Thomas. "Für die Shisha nur das Beste." packREPORT 53, no. 4 (2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0342-3743-2021-4-054.

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Das Schweizer Unternehmen Toff Drehteile fertigt unter dem Label Toff Design Shishas hochwertige Wasserpfeifen im puristisch funktionalen Design. Damit die Premiumprodukte ohne Kratzer und Beschädigungen beim Kunden ankommen, setzt der Familienbetrieb auf eine neue E-Commerce-Verpackung.

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Nguyen, Thanh Tan, Bui Phuoc Phi, Van Tron Tran, Van-Thuc Nguyen, and Van Thanh Tien Nguyen. "Three-Stage Optimization of Surface Finish in WEDM of D2 Tool Steel via Taguchi Design and ANOVA Analysis." Metals 15, no. 6 (2025): 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15060682.

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Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a standard micro-manufacturing technology. In WEDM, surface roughness (SR), deviation dimension (DD), and machining time (MT) are critical requirements that impact machining quality and are affected by various input parameters. The workpiece often performs multiple machining steps (roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing) to achieve high accuracy. Each machining step directly affects the accuracy and machining time, and the preceding machining step influences the subsequent machining step parameters. Many input control parameters regulate WEDM’s pe

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Fatatit, Abubaker Y., and Ali Kalyon. "Determination of Multi-performance Characteristics in Electric Discharge Machining of DIN 1.2767 Steel Using Grey Relational Analysis." ARO-THE SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF KOYA UNIVERSITY 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/aro.10718.

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 Electric discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most important unconventional machining processes, which can cut hard materials and complex shapes that are difficult to machine by conventional machining processes easily and with high accuracy. In this study, L18 orthogonal array combined with gray relational analysis (GRA) is implemented to investigate the multiple performances characteristics in EDM of DIN 1.2767 Tool Steel. Machining process parameters selected were discharge current (Ip), pulse-on time (Ton), pulse-off time (Toff), and electrode material (copper alloys [NSS and B2])

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You, Zheng, Xiao Feng Wang, Kui Shen та Xiang Hua Kong. "Pulse Electrodeposition of α-Nickel Hydroxide with Flower-Like Nanostructure for Supercapacitors". Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (травень 2011): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.429.

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Nickel hydroxide electrodes with flower-like structure were prepared by pulse electrodeposition method. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and electrochemical measurements. XRD results show a typical characteristics of α-Ni(OH)2. SEM results show the morphology can be controlled by the ratio between on-time (Ton) and off-time (Toff). If Ton is constant to 10s, a flower-like structure will be obtained when Toff is bigger than 20s. Electrochemical tests revealed that the Nickel hydroxide electrodes prepared atTon=10 s and Toff = 30s not only has higher discharge capacity but also exhibit

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Sharma, Sahil, Umesh Kumar Vates, and Amit Bansal. "Parametric optimization in die-sinking EDM of Nimonic 90 alloy using Taguchi-based GRA approach." World Journal of Engineering 18, no. 1 (2020): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-04-2020-0134.

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Purpose In the current exploration, the machining of a Nimonic 90 superalloy material was carried out in a die-sinking electric discharge machine. Experimentation was performed to investigate the impact of three input machining factors – current (I), pulse on time (Ton) and pulse off time (Toff) – on various response characteristics such as material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra) and electrode wear rate (EWR). Design/methodology/approach A Taguchi L9 design and ANOVA were used to assess machine response characteristics. The study also involved a grey relational analysis (GRA) multi

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Abed, Farook Nehad. "Alumina Nano Powder Impact on Electrical Discharge Machining of Titanium Alloy Wire." Materials Science Forum 1079 (December 26, 2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-50kx64.

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WEDM is an unconventional method of thermal machining that produces products with irregular shapes. The results of milling titanium (TI-6242) under various machining conditions that affect the WEDM process are provided. Pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), peak current (Ip), voltage (V), wire tension (Wt), and wire feed are all considered machining parameters (Wf). They are established using an experimental design and the Box–Behnken approach to optimize the machining factors. The optimization goal is to attain the highest Material Removal Rate (MRR) and the least amount of recast layer

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Urtekin, Levent, Faik Yılan, İbrahim Baki Şahin, and Kadir Gök. "Analysis of surface roughness and machining performance of AZ91 magnesium alloy cut by WEDM." Acta Polytechnica 65, no. 3 (2025): 361–70. https://doi.org/10.14311/ap.2025.65.0361.

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AZ91 magnesium alloys have poor machinability when conventional chip removal processes are used due to their low thermal stability and high susceptibility to softening and oxidation at elevated temperatures, which lead to excessive tool wear, poor surface quality, and deformation-induced machining challenges. This study investigated the impact of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) parameters on material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) using magnesium. For this purpose, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) were performed to find the optimal se

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Hong, Tran Thi, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Bui Thanh Danh, et al. "Evaluating Influences of Input Parameters on Surface Roughness in Sinking EDM Cylindrical Shaped Parts." Materials Science Forum 1018 (January 2021): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1018.85.

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The input parameters in the process of sinking Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) are the essential enabling factors that need to be determined. In the present work, the influences of the EDM input parameters containing pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), discharge current (IP), Server voltage (SV), work-piece diameter (dw) on the surface roughness (SR) in sinking EDM cylindrical shaped part of 9CrSi material were investigated. Taguchi technique and analysis of variance (ANOVA) have been used to identify the weight of EDM factors on SR. The results show that the impact level of Ton,

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Shandilya, Pragya, Himanshu Bisaria, and P. K. Jain. "Parametric study on the recast layer during EDWC of a Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloy." Journal of Micromanufacturing 1, no. 2 (2018): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516598418766934.

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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have exceptional properties, namely, shape memory effect, superelasticity and other enriched physical and mechanical properties. The conventional machining of these alloys is associated with several severe difficulties. Electric discharge wire cutting (EDWC), an advanced machining process, is utilized to machine Ni50.89Ti49.11 SMA under this investigation. The aim of this investigation was to reveal the effect of EDWC variable parameters such as pulse on time ( TON), wire feed (WF) rate, spark gap voltage (SV), wire tension (WT) and pulse off time ( TOFF) on recast-l

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Vora, Jay, Yug Shah, Sakshum Khanna, Vivek K. Patel, Manoj Jagdale, and Rakesh Chaudhari. "Multi-Response Optimization and Influence of Expanded Graphite on Performance of WEDM Process of Ti6Al4V." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 7, no. 3 (2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7030111.

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Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is widely preferred for machining difficult-to-cut materials like Ti6Al4V. In the present study, current, pulse-off-duration (Toff), and pulse-on-duration (Toff) were identified as vital input factors for the WEDM process of Ti6Al4V. Material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) were selected as output measures for the study. The experiments were carried out by employing Taguchi’s L9 design at three levels. Empirical models were generated, which give the relationship between the input and output factors of the process. To check the acceptabil

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Walia, Arminder Singh, Vineet Srivastava, and Karun Verma. "Modelling of Surface Roughness and Change in Out-of-Roundness of Tool during Electrical Discharge Machining with Cermet Tool Tip Using Machine Learning." Processes 10, no. 2 (2022): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020252.

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Surface roughness of the finished part and profile of the tool electrode are significant factors to assess the functionality of electrical discharge machining process. In this study, EDM was utilized for the machining of hardened EN31 steel. A sintered cermet tool tip with 75% copper–25% titanium carbide was fabricated and used as tool electrode. A data set of 262 such samples was developed with machining variables including discharge current (Ip), gap voltage (Vg), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff) and flushing pressure (P). By correlating the machining variables, a machine learning-

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Soltanzadeh, A., S. Shahini, F. Rashchi, and M. Saba. "Synthesis of dendritic silver nano powder using pulsing electrolysis in ammonia solution." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 55, no. 2 (2019): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb180614018s.

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A method to produce nano silver structures with high purity is pulsing electrolysis. In this paper the effects of potential, ammonia concentration (NH3), silver ion concentration [Ag+], total time, Ton, Toff and Trev on this process were studied. The considered parameters were varied as follows: electrical potential = 5 ? 10 V; [NH3] = 40 ? 80 g/L; [Ag+] = 0.1 ? 0.5 g/L; total time = 15 ? 30 min; Ton = 1 ? 8 ms; Toff = 1 ? 8 ms; and Trev = 0 ? 4 ms. In order to optimize these parameters, the fractional factorial design of experiments was used. A silver dendritic structure was produced with nan

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Chaubey, Sujeet Kumar, Kapil Gupta, and Miloš Madić. "AN INVESTIGATION ON MEAN ROUGHNESS DEPTH AND MATERIAL EROSION SPEED DURING MANUFACTURING OF STAINLESS-STEEL MINIATURE RATCHET GEARS BY WIRE-EDM." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 21, no. 2 (2023): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume221220012c.

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This paper presents the results of an investigation conducted on wire electric discharge machining (wire-EDM) of miniature ratchet gears. Effects of three important process parameters spark duration, ‘Ton’, spark-off-duration ‘Toff’, and wire tension ‘WT’ on surface quality, i.e., mean roughness depth ‘Rz’ and productivity, i.e., material erosion speed ‘MES’, have been investigated by conducting seventeen experimental trials. Both Ton and Toff have been identified as the significant parameters. Further, an optimization of wire-EDM parameters resulted in simultaneously best compromise values of

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Koren, Or, Anais Di Via Ioschpe, Meytal Wilf, Bailasan Dahly, Ramit Ravona-Springer, and Meir Plotnik. "Validation of an Automated Scoring Algorithm That Assesses Eye Exploration in a 3-Dimensional Virtual Reality Environment Using Eye-Tracking Sensors." Sensors 25, no. 11 (2025): 3331. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25113331.

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Eye-tracking studies in virtual reality (VR) deliver insights into behavioral function. The gold standard of evaluating gaze behavior is based on manual scoring, which is labor-intensive. Previously proposed automated eye-tracking algorithms for VR head mount display (HMD) were not validated against manual scoring, or tested in dynamic areas of interest (AOIs). Our study validates the accuracy of an automated scoring algorithm, which determines temporal fixation behavior on static and dynamic AOIs in VR, against subjective human annotation. The interclass-correlation coefficient (ICC) was calc

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16

Mohd, Nur Adlina, and Bustamam Bonari. "Hearing-Impaired Student Achievement Using ‘Treasure of Famous Food (ToFF)’ Game Board as Teaching Aid at Polytechnic Malaysia: A Case Study in Politeknik Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin, Perlis." Asian Pendidikan, no. 3 (June 20, 2023): 54–59. https://doi.org/10.53797/aspen.v3i1.7.2023.

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Most students do not focus on their learning session in the classroom. The objective of this study is to identify the level of student satisfaction and their academic achievement in learning institutions. Treasure of Famous Food (ToFF) is one of the mediums that can be used as a tool to help trainers teach students in the classroom more interestingly. ToFF is a combination of game card and game board that introduces local food throughout Malaysia. This game is devoted to special Skills students (KHK) in Malaysian Polytechnics who are keen to learn to recognize food diversity in Malaysia. The r

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Doreswamy, Deepak, D. Sai Shreyas, Subraya Krishna Bhat, and Rajath N. Rao. "Optimization of material removal rate and surface characterization of wire electric discharge machined Ti-6Al-4V alloy by response surface method." Manufacturing Review 9 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mfreview/2022016.

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Wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is one of the foremost methods which has been utilized for machining hard-to-cut materials like Titanium alloys. However, there is a need to optimize their important operating parameters to achieve maximum material removal rate (MRR). The present paper investigates the effect of control factors like current, pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff) on MRR of machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The study showed that, increase in current from 2 A to 6 A results in a significant increase in MRR by 93.27% and increase in Ton from 20 μs to 35 μs improved the MRR

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Goyal, Kapil K., Neeraj Sharma, Rahul Dev Gupta, et al. "A Soft Computing-Based Analysis of Cutting Rate and Recast Layer Thickness for AZ31 Alloy on WEDM Using RSM-MOPSO." Materials 15, no. 2 (2022): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020635.

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In the present research, the AZ31 alloy is machined by wire-cut electric discharge machining (WEDM). The experiments were designed according to the Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The input process variables, namely servo feed (SF), pulse on-time (Ton), servo voltage (SV), and pulse off-time (Toff), were planned by BBD, and experiments were performed to investigate the cutting rate (CR) and recast layer thickness (RCL). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the influence of machining variables on response characteristics. The empirical mode

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Asgar, M. E., and A. K. S. Singholi. "Machining Assessment for Alloy 718 through WEDM." Journal of Scientific Research 16, no. 3 (2024): 887–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v16i3.72077.

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When utilising traditional machining processes, convincing and competent processing with ultra precision of superalloys are highly difficult and stiff task. Accordingly, the authors recognised a need for non-conventional machining (NCM) for processing of alloy 718 (other name ‘Inconel 718’ or UNS N07718) using wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). L16 Taguchi’s orthogonal array has been utilised for preferred design of experiment. Pulse on duration (Ton), pulse off duration (Toff), wire speed (Uw), and current (I) has been selected as control factors to study the effects of performance. Ma

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Jha, Mukulanand, Rajiv Kumar Garg, and Shekhar Shrivastava. "Experimental investigation and optimization of WEDM process for AISI 420 stainless steel." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1259, no. 1 (2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1259/1/012031.

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Abstract AISI 420 Stainless steel is martensitic steel having sufficient corrosive resistance and outstanding hardness used for making knife blades, shear blades, hand tools, and surgical instruments for the medical industry. For the machining of this kind of high-strength material, WEDM is a popular advanced machining technique for creating items with complex forms and profiles. WEDM of AISI420 stainless steel is accomplished utilizing Zn coated copper wire as an electrode in this study. Machine input control parameters include pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), peak current (Ip), an

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Suresh, R. "Investigation on Surface Roughness and MRR in WEDM of Titanium Grade 7 (Ti-0.15Pd) Alloy using Statistical Techniques." journal of Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 2 (2023): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i2.22055.

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Wire Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) of Titanium grade alloys with coated electrodes has several advantages over the traditional machining process such as increased productivity, reduction of processing cost, and improved material properties. The main objective is to create a relationship between WEDM parameters such as Pulse-on (TON), Pulse-off (TOFF), and Indicated Power (IP) with surface roughness (Ra) and Material Removal Rate (MRR). In the present work, the performance of zinc-coated brass electrodes for WEDM of Titanium Grade-7 alloy was assessed and optimized with statistical techni

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M. S., Ranganath, Vipin ., Manoj Kumar Singh, and Jitender Kumar. "Experimental Analysis and Modeling of MRR in Electrical Discharge Machining." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 3 (2014): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.231423.

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The selection of machining parameters is one of the most important aspects in the electrical discharge machining operation as these conditions has important effect on material removal rate (MRR). In this paper the experiments were conducted on the machining of EN 31 die steel with graphite electrode with electrical discharge machining (EDM). The EDM oil commercial grade has been used as dielectric fluid. The effect of various EDM parameters such as discharge current, Ton and Toff has been investigated to yield the response in terms of MRR. In this work mathematical models have been developed f

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Tseng, Kuo-Hsiung, Meng-Yun Chung, Chaur-Yang Chang, and Ting-Shou Cheng. "A Study of Photocatalysis of Methylene Blue of TiO2 Fabricated by Electric Spark Discharge Method." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (October 8, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9346201.

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This study used the Electric Spark Discharge Method (ESDM) to prepare nano-Ti colloid. The results showed that the process efficiency increased according to the current and selecting different discharge periods (TON-TOFF). The preparation process is pollution-free and very contributive to using TiO2 for photocatalytic reaction to degrade organic compounds. This study used 99.9% pure Ti metal to examine the effects of different discharge parameter settings on the photocatalysis of methylene blue. The experimental results showed that the discharge period (TON-TOFF) has an effect on the character

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Sharma, Sahil, Umesh Kumar Vates, and Amit Bansal. "Optimization of machining characteristics for EDM of different nickel-based alloys by embodying of fuzzy, grey relational and Taguchi technique." World Journal of Engineering 18, no. 1 (2020): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-07-2020-0262.

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Purpose In the current exploration, the machinability of three different nickel-based super-alloy materials (Inconel 625, Inconel 718 and Nimonic 90) was experimentally investigated by using a die-sinking electrical discharge machining (EDM). The effect of changing important input process parameters such as pulse on time (Ton), off time (Toff), peak current (Ip) and tool rotation (TR) was investigated to get optimum machining characteristics such as material removal rate, roughness, electrode wear rate and overcut. Design/methodology/approach Experimentation has been performed by using Taguchi

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Harbintoro, ST., Sony, Agus Suherman, ST., Darwin Rachman GM, and Luky Krisnadi. "PERENCANAAN EKSPERIMEN PADA PROSES EDM UNTUK MENGURANGI KEAUSAN ELEKTRODA." Metal Indonesia 40, no. 2 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32423/jmi.2018.v40.1-7.

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Proses Electric Discharge Machine (EDM) merupakan teknologi pemotongan logam non-tradisional yang menggunakan energi panas pada proses pemotongannya. Proses EDM banyak digunakan pada pembuatan komponen core cavity cetakan/mold. Biaya pembuatan elektroda untuk mendukung proses EDM merupakan salah satu biaya yang harus diperhitungkan dalam proses EDM, sehingga mengurangi keausan elektroda menjadi hal yang penting karena dapat menekan biaya pembuatan elektroda. Pada penelitian ini, proses EDM menggunakan elektroda yang mempunyai profil dengan ketebalan 2 mm serta panjang 30 mm yang digunakan untu

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Mohankumar, Velusamy, Sunderraj Kapilan, Aruchamy Karthik, et al. "A Hybrid Design of Experiment Approach in Analyzing the Electrical Discharge Machining Influence on Stir Cast Al7075/B4C Metal Matrix Composites." Metals 14, no. 2 (2024): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14020205.

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The present work centers on aluminum-based metal matrix composites (AMCs), synthesized via stir casting and then processed by electrical discharge machining (EDM) in the case of Al7075 as a matrix and 6 wt.% boron carbide (B4C) as reinforcement. A design of experiment (DoE) approach, powered by hybrid optimization techniques (such as the entropy weight method (EWM), grey relational analysis (GRA) incorporated Taguchi method) was used to investigate the relationship between current (I), pulse ON time (Ton), pulse OFF time (Toff), and electrode gap (Gap) as input parameters and the material remo

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Telesca, D., C. S. Higano, E. Y. Yu, et al. "Duration of the first off treatment period is associated with time to androgen independence (AI) and survival in men with localized or biochemical relapse of prostate cancer treated on a prospective trial of intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (2007): 5146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.5146.

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5146 Background: Patients (pts) with localized prostate cancer or biochemical relapse who are treated with AD eventually develop AI and die. In an effort to better understand the natural history of this population, various characteristics of the patients and the first cycle of IAD were analyzed. Methods: Eligible pts had histological diagnosis of prostate cancer, no evidence of bone metastases by bone scan or visceral disease by CT scan, and at least 2 consecutive rising PSA = 2 weeks apart after diagnosis, radical prostatectomy (RP), or radiation therapy (XRT). Pts were treated with IAD consi

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Rajmohan, T., Gopi Krishna, Ankit Kumar Singh, and A. P. V. Swamy Naidu. "Multiple Performance Optimization in WEDM Parameters Using Grey Relational Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.357.

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In this investigation, a new approach is based on Grey Relational Analysis and Taguchi method to optimize the machining parameters with multi performance characteristics in WEDM of 304L SS. Experiments are conducted using Taguchi Quality Concept, L9,3-level orthogonal array was chosen for experiments .The WEDM parameters namely pulse-on time (TON), pulse-off time (TOFF), and wire feed (WF) on material removal rate (MRR) .The Grey Relational Analysis with multiple performance characteristics indicates that the pulse-on time (TON), pulse-off time (TOFF) are the most significant factors . The opt

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Sinico, André, and Cristina Capparelli Gerling. "A flauta e as competências técnicas e interpretativas na preparação e execução do excerto orquestral do Prélude à l´après-midi d´un faune de Claude Debussy." Revista Vórtex 4, no. 1 (2016): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33871/23179937.2016.4.1.1870.

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O texto integra um estudo maior sobre a qualidade da execução do excerto orquestral para flauta do Prélude à l´après-midi d´un faune de Claude Debussy que está dividido em quatro partes: competências técnicas e interpretativas na preparação e execução, análise temporal, critérios de avaliação em situação audição e sua relação com a ansiedade de performance musical. Este artigo apresenta discussões, sugestões, comentários e possíveis soluções quanto as competências técnicas e interpretativasna preparação e execução do solo de flauta por músicos profissionais. Considerando o fato que em situaçã

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Devarasiddappa, D., M. Chandrasekaran, and K. Palanikumar. "Taguchi Analysis of MRR and PC for Sustainable Machining of Ti6Al4V Alloy Using WEDM Process." Advances in Science and Technology 106 (May 2021): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.106.3.

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Wire-cut electrical discharge machining (WEDM) has emerged as the most important non-traditional machining technique in the recent years due to its exceptional accuracy and capability to produce net near shape components of electrically conductive materials. Ti-6Al-4V alloy is a hard-to-machine material and popularly used in bio-medical, aerospace, automotive, defence applications etc. due to its distinct merits. In this work, Taguchi optimization technique is applied to obtain optimum cutting conditions for material removal rate (MRR) and power consumption (PC) in WEDM of Ti6Al4V alloy. The r

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Masakazu, Kawashita, Tomoyasu Hayakawa, Gikan H. Takaoka, and Toshiki Miyazaki. "Structure and Adhesion of Hydroxyapatite Films Electrochemically Deposited onto Titanium Substrates under Short-Pulse Current in Metastable Calcium Phosphate Solution." Key Engineering Materials 396-398 (October 2008): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.377.

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Hydroxyapatite (HA) films were deposited onto titanium (Ti) metal substrates by an electrodeposition method under a short-pulse current. Metastable calcium phosphate solution was used as the electrolyte. The ion concentration of the solution was 1.5 times that of human body fluid, but the solution did not contain magnesium ions at 36.5°C. We used an average current density of 0.01 A/cm2 and current-on time (TON) equal to current-off time (TOFF) of 10 ms, 100 ms, 1 s, and 15 s. The adhesive strength between HA and Ti substrates were relatively high at TON = TOFF = 10 ms. It is considered that s

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Khadar, Basha Shaik, Raju M. V. Jagannadha, and Kolli Murahari. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Process Parameters for Powder Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining of Inconel X-750 Alloy Using Taguchi-Topsis Approach." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 71, no. 1 (2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2021-0001.

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Abstract The paper investigates the influence of boron carbide powder (B4C) mixed in dielectric fluid on EDM of Inconel X-750 alloy. The process parameters selected as discharge current (Ip), pulse on time(Ton), pulse off time(Toff), boron carbide(B4C) powder concentration to examine their performance responses on Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface Roughness(Ra) and Recast Layer Thickness (RLT).In this study, o examine the process parameters which influence the EDM process during machining of Inconel X-750 alloy using combined techniques of Taguchi and similarity to ideal solutions (TOPSIS).

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Yudo, Eko, and Zaldy Kurniawan. "Analisa Kekasaran Permukaan Pada Proses Edm Sinking Menggunakan Metoda Response Surface Methodology." Manutech : Jurnal Teknologi Manufaktur 10, no. 01 (2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33504/manutech.v10i01.54.

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The development of technology in the manufacturing sector is very fast, the market demand is diverse will the needs of products and components with complex shapes and high level of precision and hardness of material that has high strength. High degree of hardness and precision are widely used nonconventional EDM machine sinking. the electrode wear rate (LKE) and surface roughness (KP) are at least the performance of the EDM sinking machine process to be achieved. The study was conducted to determine the contribution of process parameters in order to reduce the variation of response parameters

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Yudo, Eko, and Husman Husman. "Analisa Keausan Elektroda Electrical Discharge Machining Menggunakan Metoda Response Surface Methodology." Manutech : Jurnal Teknologi Manufaktur 10, no. 02 (2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33504/manutech.v10i02.63.

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The current electrical dish machine machining (EDM) machine in the field of manufacturing has developed along with conventional machines such as Lathes, Milling Machines, and Grinding Machines as the leading technology. EDM is known for its ability to make complex shapes on very hard metals. EDM machines are widely used in the manufacture of dies, cutting tools, and molds that cannot be done with the cutting process. Therefore the level of electrode wear in the EDM process must be as efficient as possible. The research was conducted to determine the exact EDM process parameter setting values.

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Hayakawa, Tomoyasu, Masakazu Kawashita, Gikan H. Takaoka, and Toshiki Miyazaki. "Effect of pulse current on structure and adhesion of apatite electrochemically deposited onto titanium substrates." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 12 (2008): 3176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0386.

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Apatite films were deposited onto titanium (Ti) metal substrates by an electrodeposition method under a pulse current. Metastable calcium phosphate solution was used as the electrolyte. The ion concentration of the solution was 1.5 times that of human body fluid, but the solution did not contain magnesium ions at 36.5 °C. We used an average current density of 0.01 A/cm2 and current-on time (TON) equal to current-off time (TOFF) of 10 ms, 100 ms, 1 s, and 15 s. The adhesive strength between apatite and Ti substrates were relatively high at TON = TOFF = 10 ms. It is considered that small calcium

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S., Rifdian I., and Hartono Hartono. "Rancang Bangun Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Sebagai Pengatur Kecepatan Motor DC Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino." Jurnal Penelitian 3, no. 1 (2018): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46491/jp.v3e1.31.50-58.

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Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) sebagai pengatur kecepatan motor DC telah digunakan secara luas di dunia industri. Kecepatan putar motor dikontrol dengan mengatur duty cycle PWM yang dibangkitkan oleh mikrokontroler arduino. Pada penelitian ini pengaturan nilai PWM dilakukan melalui program (sketch) ke arduino uno. Output dari PWM dihubungkan pada arduino melalui pin output analog. Dengan pengamatan menggunakan osiloskop dapat diketahui bahwa perubahan nilai ton dan toff menentukan nilai RPM dari motor DC yang dikontrol. Sehingga dengan menggunakan nilai PWM yang berbeda, variasi kecepatan motor

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Li, Wenming, Lei Zhao, Gang Wang, and Changwu Zhou. "Manufacturing of Mold Cavity of Micro-double Gear by WEDM." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2459, no. 1 (2023): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2459/1/012065.

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Abstract Micro-double gear is an important component that transmits power or motion as one of the key components of micro-device. In order to realize the mass and industrial production of micro-double gear, an injection mold of micro-double gear was designed. The single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were used to optimize the process parameters of wire cut electrical discharge machining (WEDM) for machining micro-double gear mold cavity insert at the maximum cutting speed. The results show that the influence of process parameters on cutting speed is successively N, Toff and Ton ,

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Chaudhari, Rakesh, Yug Shah, Sakshum Khanna, et al. "Experimental Investigations and Effect of Nano-Powder-Mixed EDM Variables on Performance Measures of Nitinol SMA." Materials 15, no. 20 (2022): 7392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207392.

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In the present study, the effect of alumina (Al2O3) nano-powder was investigated for the electrical discharge machining (EDM) of a Nitinol shape memory alloy (SMA). In addition to the nano-powder concentration, other parameters of pulse-on-time (Ton), pulse-off-time (Toff), and current were selected for the performance measures of the material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (SR), and tool wear rate (TWR) of Nitinol SMA. The significance of the design variables on all the output measures was analyzed through an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The regression model term has significantly imp

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Jayakumar, K. "Machining of TiB₂- SiC Ceramic Composites through WEDM Process." Materials Science Forum 979 (March 2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.979.22.

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In the present study Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique is used to synthesis of particulate Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs). SPS is a type of hot pressing method and in this method, the rate of heating is from 100C to 1000C per minute with high densification. TiB2 (average size of 14 μm) particles were chosen as matrix and SiC (average size of 1 μm) particles were used as reinforcement. In the first stage of the study, synthesis of CMCs with TiB2 matrix and SiC reinforcement with varying volume% (0, 5, 10 and 15 vol.%) was carried out using Spark Plasma Sintering furnace available at IIT

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Karimi, Mozhgan, Sayyed Ahmad Nabavi-Amri, and Ahmad Soleymanpour. "Study of Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters on Stainless Steel Using Copper Tool Electrode and Its Effect on the Structure and Electrochemical Properties." Acta Chimica Slovenica 68, no. 2 (2021): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2020.5983.

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In this work, the effect of the presence and the diffusion of the Copper from the tool electrode onto the EDMed stainless steel (SS) surface have been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Quantometer analysis, and Optical microscopic observations. The Taguchi method was used to study the effects of Pulseon time (ton), Pulse-off time (toff), discharge current (I), and overall machining time (τ) on chemical composition, microstructures, micro-cracks, and electrochemical corrosion of EDMed stainless steel workpieces. The results show that the vari

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Kumar, Anish, Renu Sharma, Arun Kumar Gupta, and Jay Ram Yadav. "Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of Wire Electric Discharge Machining Parameters on Inconel 825 Using Desirability Method." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 6 (2020): 2441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8914.

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The present research work mainly emphases on experimentation, analysis and optimization of machining parameters during WEDM on Inconel 825. Based on Box-Behenken Design, 29 experimental runs were executed on WEDM using 0.25 mm dia half hard brass wire and de-ionized water as dielectric. Controllable parameters pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), spark gap voltage (SV) and wire feed (WF) are varied up to three levels to study their influence on response measures cutting speed (CS) and gap current (Ig). Experimental models were developed by employing RSM. Design expert software 7.0.0 was

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Le Xuan Hung, Trieu Quy Huy, Nguyen Van Cuong, Nguyen Manh Cuong, Luu Anh Tung, and Nguyen Thanh Tu. "Application of multi-criteria decision making technique in wire-cut EDM tool steel." Journal of Military Science and Technology, no. 83 (November 18, 2022): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.83.2022.103-109.

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The findings of a study on the application of the MCDM technique to select the best input parameters in wire-cut electrical discharge machining (wire-cut EDM) 90CrSi tool steel are presented in this paper. The TOPSIS method was used in the study to solve the MCDM problem, and the Entropy method was used to compute the weights of the criteria. In this work, six input parameters including the cutting voltage VM, the pulse on time ton, the pulse off time toff, the servo voltage SV, the wire feed WF, the feed speed SPD, and the workpiece cutting radius R were investigated. Also, a 27-2 design expe

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Wang, Erjun, Xiaoli Tian, Jiang Lu, et al. "A Novel 4H–SiC/Si Heterojunction IGBT Achieving Low Turn–Off Loss." Electronics 12, no. 11 (2023): 2501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12112501.

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In this paper, a novel silicon carbide (SiC) insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with a 4H–SiC/Si heterojunction in the buffer layer (HBL) is proposed to improve the turn–off characteristic. Compared with the conventional 4H–SiC IGBT, the polysilicon region is integrated in the buffer layer to form a natural potential well, which can help to store excess carriers in the turn–off process. The simulation results indicate that the turn–off time (toff) was reduced from 325 ns to 232 ns, and the turn–off loss (Eoff) was decreased from 2.619 mJ to 1.375 mJ, while a similar on–state ability was

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Selvaraj, Senthil Kumaran, Jayakumar Kaliappan, Natarajan Muthuswamy, S. Ramesh Kumar, and Muralimohan Cheepu. "Prognostics, Health Assessment, and Modelling of Material Removal Rate by EDM for Al 6061 and AISI 304 via Cockroach Swarm and Fruit Fly Optimization Approaches." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (October 4, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2226653.

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Micro-electric discharge machining (Micro-EDM) is deployed for machining hard-to-machine materials, such as various grades of titanium alloys, heat-treated alloy steels, composites, tungsten carbides, and so forth. Mild steel is known for its easy machinability. However, conventional machining of mild steel can often lead to the built-up edge formation on the tool. There is a minimal focus on machining ductile materials using nonconventional machining processes. This is due to the rapid work hardening in cold forming conditions. In the present study, the aluminium alloy 6061 and mild steel AIS

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Kulkarni, Vinayak N., V. N. Gaitonde, K. S. Nalavade, Mrityunjay Doddamani, and Gajanan M. Naik. "Optimization of Wire EDM Process Parameters for Medical Grade Nickel Titanium Shape Memory Alloy." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 70, no. 1 (2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2020-0007.

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AbstractNickel Titanium (NiTi) alloys are the class of smart materials classified under shape memory alloys. The traditional machining of these alloys is hard because of various inherent mechanical characteristics of these alloys. Therefore, non-traditional machining process such as wire electro discharge machining (WEDM) has been employed for machining of such alloys. The present study is focused on multi-performance characteristic simultaneous optimization of WEDM process parameters, in which three system control factors, namely, pulse on time (TON), pulse off time (TOFF) and wire feed (WF)

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Le, Thi Phuong Thao, Van Thanh Dinh, Thi Quoc Dung Nguyen, Duc Binh Vu, and Trung Tuyen Vu. "Application of the Multi-Criteria Decision Method to Find the Best Input Factors for Electrical Discharge Machining 90CrSi Tool Steel using Graphite Electrodes." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, no. 6 (2024): 18883–88. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.9114.

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This paper examines the optimization of the Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process when machining cylindrical parts of 90CrSi tool steel using various graphite electrodes. A Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach, including the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison (MABAC) was utilized to identify the optimal input factors that would achieve three machining objectives: minimizing Surface Roughness (SR) and Electrode Wear Rate (EWR) and maximizing Mater

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Abbas, Adel T., Neeraj Sharma, Zeyad A. Alsuhaibani, Vishal S. Sharma, Mahmoud S. Soliman, and Rakesh Chandmal Sharma. "Processing of Al/SiC/Gr Hybrid Composite on EDM by Different Electrode Materials Using RSM-COPRAS Approach." Metals 13, no. 6 (2023): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13061125.

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The present research used the stir-casting method to develop an Al-based composite. The developed composite exhibited challenges while being processed on conventional machining. Thus, a non-traditional machining process was opted to process the composite. The machining variables selected for the current research were the pulse off time (Toff), pulse on time (Ton), servo voltage (SV), current (I), and tool electrode. Three tool electrodes (SS-304, copper, and brass) were used to process the developed composite (Al/SiC/Gr). The experimental plan was designed using response surface methodology (R

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Mousa, Shakir M. "Regression Modeling of EDM Process for AISI D2 Tool Steel with RSM." Journal of Engineering 24, no. 1 (2018): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2018.01.13.

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In this paper, Response Surface Method (RSM) is utilized to carry out an investigation of the impact of input parameters: electrode type (E.T.) [Gr, Cu and CuW], pulse duration of current (Ip), pulse duration on time (Ton), and pulse duration off time (Toff) on the surface finish in EDM operation. To approximate and concentrate the suggested second- order regression model is generally accepted for Surface Roughness Ra, a Central Composite Design (CCD) is utilized for evaluating the model constant coefficients of the input parameters on Surface Roughness (Ra). Examinations were performed on AIS

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Selvarajan, L., C. Sathiya Narayanan, and R. Jeyapaul. "Multi-Objective Optimization on Electric Discharge Machining Using by Grey Relational Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.550.

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The present study ,Sparking parameters namely current (I), pulse on time (ton), pulse off time (toff), spark gap and dielectric flushing pressure (P) are optimized with the considerations of multi responses such as Material Removal Rate (MRR), Electrode wear Rate (EWR), of the MoSi2-SiC intermetallic/ceramic composite are investigated by use of the Taguchi L18 orthogonal array (OA) with grey relational grade analysis was reported.

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Mãn, Nguyễn Đình, and Lê Xuân Hưng. "APPLICATION OF MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUE IN WIRE-EDM FOR 90CrSI TOOL STEEL BY MARCOS METHOD." TNU Journal of Science and Technology 228, no. 06 (2023): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34238/tnu-jst.7349.

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Bài báo này giới thiệu về một nghiên cứu về việc sử dụng kỹ thuật ra quyết định đa tiêu chí (MCDM) để tìm ra bộ thông số tối ưu trong gia công cắt dây tia lửa điện khi gia công theo 90CrSi. Trong nghiên cứu này, phương pháp đánh giá và lựa chọn thỏa hiệp các phương án (phương pháp MARCOS) được sử dụng và phương pháp Entropy được ứng dụng để tính toán trọng số của các tiêu chí. Sáu thông số đầu vào được nghiên cứu trong công bố này: Điện áp gia công (VM), thời gian phát xung (ton), thời gian ngừng phát xung (toff), điện áp servo (SV), lượng chạy dây (WF), tốc độ chạy bàn máy (SPD) và bán kính g

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