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Journal articles on the topic 'Token no fungible'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Kurniawan, Shelly, and Demson Tiopan. "Non-Fungible Token as a Condition for Intellectual Property Registration and Digital Asset Marketing Strategy Using Digital Tokens." Journal of Business Social and Technology 4, no. 2 (2023): 346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.59261/jbt.v4i2.170.

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Creativity is unlimited. Creativity is not only visible in real terms that can be touched by human hands, but now it is widespread in cyberspace. This creativity can be in the form of music, inventions, logos, and others that can be protected by intellectual property. The protection of intellectual property can be combined with a Non-Fungible Token. The purpose of this research is to examine the use of Non-Fungible Tokens as an intellectual property registration and the use of Non-Fungible Token as a marketing strategy for digital assets. The research method is normative juridical which will m

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Fad, Mohammad Farid. "REVIEW OF PURCHASING AND SELLING NFTS IN ISTIHSAN." Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 8, no. 2 (2023): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jish.v8i2.17245.

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AbstractSo far, NFTs have been defined as digital tokens that are shaped like ownership certificates for virtual and physical assets. These NFTs are usually traded online and are often paid for using cryptocurrencies, especially Ethereum. However, the problem is that in 2021 the MUI issued a fatwa that cryptocurrency is illegal. This is because it there are elements of qimar, dharar, and gharar. For this reason, it is necessary to study the methodology of Islamic law regarding Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) through istihsan (juristic preference). This study uses a qualitative approach. The data wer

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3

Jurczuk, Magdalena. "Non-Fungible Token (NFT) jako przedmiot umowy." Zeszyt Prawniczy UAM, no. 13 (November 13, 2023): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/zpuam.2023.13.7.

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Celem artykułu jest próba prawnej klasyfikacji Non-Fungible Token jako przedmiotu cyfrowej transakcji. Ponadto, wykorzystując analizę wybranych przepisów prawnych i dokumentów, przeprowadza się również rozważania dotyczące prawnego charakteru umowy nabycia NFT. Non-Fungible Token jest cyfrowym aktywem, które może reprezentować różnorodne treści. Dzięki szerokiemu zastosowaniu nie podlega jednoznacznej klasyfikacji. Analiza wskazuje, że instrumentem prawnym najlepiej realizującym istotę tokena jest znak legitymizacyjny. W szerszym znaczeniu NFT można zaliczyć do mienia, a ściślej – prawa majątk

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Pooja Singhal, Ritu Gupta, Shashi Bhushan, Avishek Choudhuri. "Fan Tokens Analysis: Reshaping Sports Industry with Non-Fungible Tokens." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 3 (2023): 4059–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i3.2243.

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Purpose: This analysis examines the trend of using non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to represent digital collectibles, specifically in the context of the sports industry. The use of NFTs, or NFT-FAN tokens, allows for the creation of unique and verifiable digital collectibles that can be bought, sold, and traded on Blockchain marketplaces. This trend has the potential to reshape the sports industry by providing new revenue streams for teams and players, as well as giving fans a new way to engage with and show support for their favourite teams and players. The analysis will explore the current state

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Wijaya, Niko, and Urbaniasi Urbaniasi. "Problems and Legal Protection of Art Works in Non-Fungible Token (NTF) Practices." QISTINA: Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, no. 2 (2023): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/qistina.v2i2.904.

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This article analyzes the Non-Fungible Token, abbreviated NFT, which is a digital certificate that can be used to verify who owns certain assets in the world of crypto art, where this certificate represents ownership of authentic works of art. Non-Fungible Token (NFT) as a digital asset as well as several legal issues that arise related to NFTs, especially in the field of intellectual property law including copyright protection and legal construction of copyright ownership of NFTs. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach. This study aims to find out how the

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Rahul Arulkumaran,, Pattabi Rama Rao Thumati, Pavan Kanchi, Lagan Goel, and Prof.(Dr.) Arpit Jain. "Cross-Chain NFT Marketplaces with Layer Zero and Chain link." Modern Dynamics: Mathematical Progressions 1, no. 2 (2024): 316–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/mdmp.v1.i2.26.

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The introduction of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has revolutionised digital ownership and asset management in the quickly changing environment of blockchain technology. NFTs are a kind of token that cannot be exchanged for another token. On the other hand, as the market for NFTs continues to grow, customers are becoming more and more interested in interoperability across various blockchain networks. Cross-chain non-fungible token markets have been developed as a result of this necessity. These marketplaces make it possible for different blockchain ecosystems to engage in transactions and interac

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Budnik, R. A. "Tokenization of creativity: user motivation, consensual value and Chinese copyright law." Law Enforcement Review 7, no. 2 (2023): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2023.7(2).135-143.

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The subject of this study is the legal-economic analysis of the non-fungible token phenomenon. Due to the a priori accessibility of many tokenized intellectual products, the ability to monetize them by copyright methods turns out to be hard to implement. The paper puts forward a hypothesis that token owners apply innovative monetization methods, which do not stand on the prohibition and restriction of access to the protected results of intellectual activity. Instead of deactivated copyright restrictions, token buyers receive some new, additional, non-trivial economic utility that researchers h

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Zhang, Changjin. "The Analysis of the Risks and Improvements of ERC20 Tokens." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 39 (April 1, 2023): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v39i.6713.

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Blockchain is a decentralized, shared ledger that aggregates blocks of data in a factual data structure in chronological order using a chain structure. Two hundred sixty thousand tokens, or 98% of the around 2.5 million smart contracts in Ethereum network, are ERC-20 tokens. The ERC20 standard specifies constructors for token contracts that establish and initialize the contract state. The Ethereum wallet and Ethereum decentralized, centralized applications can access tokens through these standard interfaces. Security vulnerabilities in ERC-20 have drawn a lot of attention lately in recent year

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9

Volosovych, Svitlana, Mariia Nezhyva, and Іgor Napadovskyi. "NFT UNDER CONDITIONS OF CRITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE DIGITAL ASSET MARKET." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 11, no. 2 (2025): 27–34. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2025-11-2-27-34.

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The integration of information technologies into all spheres of human activity, the proliferation of online communities, and the expansion of the virtual world have precipitated a transformation in consumer needs and an influence on their preferences. This paradigm shift has established the foundations for the emergence and development of digital assets, one notable example being the non-fungible token (NFT). The present article aims to examine the prospects for the development of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in the context of global transformations in the digital asset market. A graphical metho

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Ahubele, B. O., and B. D. Okolai. "A Formal Verification Model for Security Vulnerability in Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTS) Platform." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 10, no. 1 (2022): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/maths/v10n1p7.

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Non-fungible tokens have been a unique transformation in the implementation of the concept of distributed ledger technology in digital assets. NFTs are said to be non-interchangeable, which distinguishes its value from fungible tokens like Bitcoin (Btc). Scammers are utilizing the open source nature of the blockchain to victimize users and steal their NFTs, leaving NFT collectors with infringed artwork. In a bid to eliminate security vulnerability and attack in NFT platform, we implemented a smart contract verification model. Our verification model is a 2-pronged approach that utilized F*, fun

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Sulistianingsih, Dewi, and Apriliana Khomsa Kinanti. "Hak Karya Cipta Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Dalam Sudut Pandang Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual." KRTHA BHAYANGKARA 16, no. 1 (2022): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v16i1.1077.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis karya cipta Non Fungitable Token (NFT) dalam kerangka Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Perkembangan teknologi di bidang perdagangan menjadikan seniman lebih mudah untuk mempublikasikan karya untuk dijadikan karya yang memiliki nilai jual yang menghasilkan. Non-Fungible Token (NFT) merupakan salah satu media untuk digunakan dan sangat membantu seniman untuk berkembang. Meskipun NFT ini sudah ada sejak tahun 2014, namun masih banyak orang yang belum memahami seperti apa sistem kerja NFT ini. Keadaan ini dapat menimbulkan kebingungan te

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Kostyuchenko, Valentyna, Anastasiia Kalenychenko, and Kateryna Tsopa. "PREREQUISITES FOR NON -FUNGIBFUNGIBLE TOKEN ACCOUNTING." InterConf, no. 15(117) (July 16, 2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.07.2022.004.

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Today, in the world and in Ukraine, in particular, along with fiat money, there are cryptocurrencies in circulation. One type of cryptocurrency is non-fungible tokens (NFT). NFT is a type of digital asset created on the blockchain basis, which allows you to obtain ownership of a product that exists exclusively on the network (images, videos, animations). NFT opens up new opportunities for intellectual property objects. The purpose of the article is to research the theoretical foundations of cryptocurrency accounting, in particular one of its types, non non-fungible token (NFT). NFT framework i

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Kashevarova, N. A., and I. S. Starikova. "Non-fungible token: a promising digital tool for business." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 3 (May 2, 2022): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-3-44-51.

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This paper presents a review of the current status and development trends of the non-fungible tokens’ technology (NFT), which are digital rights to unique objects recorded in the blockchain. The object of the study is the non-interchangeable token technology. The subject of the study is the fields of practical application of NFT. The method is an analytical review of scientific publications. The current state and socio-cultural sources of the NFT market related to works of art and media objects are analysed. The technological and legal problems preventing the wide spread of NFT in the business

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14

Taherdoost, Hamed. "Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT): A Systematic Review." Information 14, no. 1 (2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14010026.

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Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are gaining in popularity and are already extensively implemented. New use cases for NFTs are constantly developing. NFTs may prevent counterfeiting since each token carries the owner’s digital signature and is thus unique. For the usage of NFTs to progress in an institutional environment, the potential for using NFTs must be investigated in detail. This discovery prompted a comprehensive examination of NFTs developed between 2012 and 2022. The scope is confined to the journal and the keywords “Blockchain”, “Block-chain”, “Non-fungible Token”, and “NFT” are used. Als

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Nurfadhila, Adinda Solinaputri, and Eva Elviana. "KAJIAN TATANAN RUANG DAN SIRKULASI PADA GALERI SUPERLATIVE SECRET SOCIETY DI BALI." Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE 8, no. 2 (2024): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/arcade.v8i2.3416.

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Abstract: Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are digital assets that use online buying and selling methods such as cryptocurrencies and generally use code with basic software. NFTs use galleries as a space to perform activities. NFT galleries serve as a means and infrastructure for artists to show their virtual works to the public non-virtually. In NFT galleries, the order of space and circulation are things that need attention. The temporary conjecture of the arrangement of this gallery space is more to the function of the space and its circulation that forms a round. The purpose of this study is to

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Yustisio, Rifki, and Muhammad Syafiq Wafi. "Legal Protection Copyright of Non-Fungible Token-Based Painting Works (NFT) in Indonesia." PUSKAPSI Law Review 3, no. 2 (2023): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/puskapsi.v3i2.43954.

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In the midst of increasingly massive digitalization and modernization, the use of technology and information in producing masterpieces has brought new problems, one of which is related to digital-based copyright protection. In the background of this, this research then produces 2 (two) problem formulations that need to be researched, namely: how is the protection of copyright of Non-Fungible Token (NFT) based paintings in Indonesia? And what are the obstacles in the protection of copyright of Non-Fungible Token (NFT) based paintings in Indonesia?. This research is empirical research, with a so

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Dantas, Letícia Da Silva, Marcelo Rabelo Henrique, and Carlos Alberto Felippe Costa. "METAVERSO O CAMINHO PARA ADEQUAÇÃO DA CONTABILIDADE." Projectus 8, no. 3 (2024): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15202/25254146.2023v8n3p21.

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O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o metaverso e sua evolução diante a grandeza e a aposta para o futuro, este ambiente virtual tem recursos e potencial abrangente, decorrente ao sucesso e procura de seus usuários. Os empreendimentos necessitam ter uma percepção de mercado diante as expansões de novo método de venda, planejando e traçando estratégias para transformações de suas redes de comercialização, assim incluindo-se a Non-fungible Token em seu portfólio. Afinal, as Non-fungible Token são a representação de um ativo dentro do metaverso, a ideia de que os ativos digitais podem ser

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Zipan, Zipan, Efridani Lubis, and Fauziah Fauziah. "Analisis Yuridis Transaksi Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Hak Cipta." Jurnal Hukum Jurisdictie 4, no. 2 (2024): 12–31. https://doi.org/10.34005/jhj.v4i2.146.

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Skripsi ini membahas mengenai analisis yuridis transaksi Non-Fungible Token (NFT) ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Hak Cipta. Transaksi Non-Fungible Token (NFT) telah menjadi fenomena yang semakin populer dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, terutama dalam konteks seni digital dan koleksi digital. NFT adalah bentuk aset digital yang memanfaatkan teknologi blockchain untuk memberikan keunikan dan kepemilikan digital yang dapat diverifikasi. Transaksi yang dilakukan dalam jual beli karya di NFT oleh pembuat karya dan pembeli ini menimbulkan akibat hukum karena Ketika bertransaksi dalam NFT akan terjadi pem

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Sitnik, A. A. "NFT as an Object of Legal Regulation." Actual Problems of Russian Law 17, no. 12 (2022): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2022.145.12.084-093.

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The paper is devoted to the study of the legal nature of a non-fungible token — NFT. The paper discusses the concept and types of tokens. The author defines a token as a unit of accounting in a distributed ledger that digitally represents financial instruments or other assets that expresses the economic value of the objects being represented and allows the rights associated with them to be exercised. According to a common point of view, NFT serves as a means of digital expression of a particular object, it has characteristics (signs) inherent exclusively to it, by virtue of which it cannot be

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Shah, Vidhi. "NFT: An Overview, Investment Perception and Its Sustainability." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (2022): 1525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40935.

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Abstract: Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have recently attracted a lot of investor interest, with some NFTs achieving selling prices that were previously unthinkable for a non-fungible virtual asset. As with any new and untested investment space, investing in NFTs comes with a number of risks and associated challenges. This paper shows insights on what are NFTs, how do NFTs work and about the sustainability of NFTs. The conclusion of this paper discusses if one should invest in NFTs or not, in addition to its sustainability with respect to environment. Keywords: Non-fungible token (NFT), Blockchai

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Naderi, Hossein, Alireza Shojaei, and Mohammad Hossein Heydari. "Automated Energy Performance Monitoring and Occupant Engagement in Buildings through Blockchain-Enabled Non-Fungible Tokens." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 30 (February 23, 2025): 133–58. https://doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2025.007.

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Building energy efficiency programs face significant challenges in performance monitoring and occupant engagement, which hinder the achievement of sustainability goals in the built environment. Traditional systems often suffer from intermediary-dependent workflows, insufficient transparency, and reliability issues, leading to conflicts among stakeholders and reduced occupant participation. This study proposes a blockchain-enabled solution that leverages Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) to improve the transparency, reliability, and traceability of performance monitoring systems. By integrating Digita

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Vohra, Rakesh. "Kaczynski, Steve and Scott Duke Kominers. The Everything Token: How NFTs and Web3 Will Transform the Way We Buy, Sell, and Create." Journal of Economic Literature 63, no. 1 (2025): 318–20. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.63.1.306.r7.

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Rakesh Vohra of University of Pennsylvania reviews “The Everything Token: How NFTs and Web3 Will Transform the Way We Buy, Sell, and Create” by Steve Kaczynski and Scott Duke Kominers. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Explores how non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are changing the way that business is done, demonstrating the role and inevitability of NFT technology in everyday life.”

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M Vivaswanth Kashyap, Vaidya Saideepa, K Shivadar Reddy, and Mrs.T.Ratnamala. "Comparing the characteristics of blockchains via building a NFT marketplace." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 3 (2023): 782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i03.120.

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Blockchain is a ground-breaking technology that will soon have a significant positive impact on our commercial environment. Non-Fungible Token is referred to as NFT. A digital representation of a real-world item, such as music, art, in-game items, or films, can be referred to as an NFT. They are typically exchanged online using various cryptocurrencies. Different from fungible tokens that are bought or sold on numerous centralised or decentralised exchanges, non-fungible tokens transacted on an NFT marketplace. NFTs are unique. Every NFT has a digital signature that prevents them from being al

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Karandikar, Nikita, Antorweep Chakravorty, and Chunming Rong. "Blockchain Based Transaction System with Fungible and Non-Fungible Tokens for a Community-Based Energy Infrastructure." Sensors 21, no. 11 (2021): 3822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113822.

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Renewable energy microgeneration is rising leading to creation of prosumer communities making it possible to extract value from surplus energy and usage flexibility. Such a peer-to-peer energy trading community requires a decentralized, immutable and access-controlled transaction system for tokenized energy assets. In this study we present a unified blockchain-based system for energy asset transactions among prosumers, electric vehicles, power companies and storage providers. Two versions of the system were implemented on Hyperledger Fabric. Assets encapsulating an identifier or unique informa

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Bao, Hong, and David Roubaud. "Recent Development in Fintech: Non-Fungible Token." FinTech 1, no. 1 (2021): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fintech1010003.

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Arif, Muhammad Labib Fahmi. "Wakaf Aset Digital: Non Fungible Token (NFT)." Al-Kharaj : Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah 5, no. 4 (2022): 1766–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v5i4.1981.

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Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is a digital asset based on blockchain, in the form of a unique certificate or token in digital form that cannot be replaced with another, which is unique and immutable and represents ownership of an asset. NFT has many benefits, especially in economy, so, NFT used as a medium for many social activities. On the other hand, Islam strongly supports social activities, one of which is waqf instruments. The characteristics of NFT which are enduring and have long-term economic benefits, are compatible with the concept of waqf. However, as a new innovation, NFT has not been w

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Aysan, Ahmet Faruk, Ahmet Semih Tunali, and Giray Gozgor. "Non-fungible token potentials for hotel bookings." Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights 4, no. 1 (2023): 100087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2023.100087.

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Wu, Chih-Hung, and Chien-Yu Liu. "Educational Applications of Non-Fungible Token (NFT)." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010007.

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With the emergence of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in blockchain technology, educational institutions have been able to use NFTs to reward students. This is done by automatically processing transaction information and the buying and selling process using smart contract technology. The technology enables the establishment of recognition levels and incentivizes students to receive NFT recognition rewards. According to the Taxonomy Learning Pyramid, learning through hands-on experiences plays a crucial role in attracting students’ interest. In this study, we analyzed the potential for using NFTs in

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Marcelino, Julian Gilbert, Novia Kusumawardani, and Adhen Al Hafiedz. "NFT (Non-Fungible Token) Sebagai Jaminan Kebendaan." Notaire 6, no. 1 (2023): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ntr.v6i1.43767.

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Hak Kekayaan Intelektual, merupakan hak yang di miliki oleh seseorang atas karya ciptaan yang merupakan hasil dari kegiatan berpikir yang dilakukan oleh orang tersebut. Menurut Pasal 16 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta, hak kekayaan intelektual dapat di jadikan sebagai objek jaminan fidusia, karena sifatnya yang merupakan benda bergerak dan tidak berwujud. Adapun saat ini ada aset tak berwujud baru yang bernama Non Fungible Token (NFT). NFT merupakan aset digital yang termasuk benda bergerak tidak berwujud. Oleh sebab itu dalam penelitian ini akan di bahas terkait a

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Widiawardana, Pramaseta, and Rianda Dirkareshza. "Hak Cipta Aset Nft (Non-Fungible Token): Ancaman Nyata Bagi Seniman." Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 6, no. 3 (2023): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v6i3.2466.

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The Non-Fungible Token is an opportunity for artists to introduce their digital works to the general public, but it can also become a real threat to artists' attempts to commercialize their digital arts. This research aims to complement the studies regarding prevention and law enforcement related to copyright infringement of Non-Fungible Token assets. The research method used by the author in this article is normative juridical research supplemented by interviews, and this research uses a statute approach that is carried out by examining all laws and regulations related to the copyright of a w

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Ulfanora, Ulfanora, and Almaududi Almaududi. "Legal Certainty of Digital Assets Non-Fungible Token (NFT) on The Opensea Platform." UNES Law Review 6, no. 1 (2023): 536–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i1.870.

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The role of technology in everyday life has become more sufficient. This technology results in digitalization which gives rise to digital assets that later become crypto assets that use blockchain technology to store data. The development of these crypto assets presents a technology called Non-Fungible Token (NFT) which is a technology linked to a work of art or other digital assets that serves to protect the artwork or digital assets and as proof of ownership. NFT presents a new way for artists to sell their art more safely and avoid harmful actions. However, the widespread use of NFT technol

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Chiacchio, Ferdinando, Diego D’Urso, Ludovica Maria Oliveri, Alessia Spitaleri, Concetto Spampinato, and Daniela Giordano. "A Non-Fungible Token Solution for the Track and Trace of Pharmaceutical Supply Chain." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 4019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12084019.

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Industry 4.0 is leading society into a new era characterized by smart communications between consumers and enterprises. While entertainment and fashion brands aim to consolidate their identities, increasing consumers’ participation in new, engaging, and immersive experiences, other industry sectors such as food and drugs are called to adhere to stricter regulations to increase the quality assurance of their processes. The pharmaceutical industry is inherently one of the most regulated sectors because the safety, integrity, and conservation along the distribution network are the main pillars fo

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Silviani, Ninne Zahara, and Seela Anwar Sya'adah. "Non-Fungible Token (NFTs) Copyrights Towards Indonesia Digital Economy Development 2030 : Polemic and Challenges." Syiah Kuala Law Journal 7, no. 1 (2023): 16–31. https://doi.org/10.24815/sklj.v7i1.29291.

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In the last two decades, art and technology are increasingly inseparable. Existing technology has developed rapidly, in this case the internet which has given birth to a new era known as the digital era which was followed by the emergence of many legal problems, one of which was copyright infringement. The emergence of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) is said to be able to democratize the arts industry and Indonesia digital economy decentralized. Indonesia has a regulation named the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2014 which regulates the exclusive rights of creators from the industria

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Maurya, Harsh. "USE OF NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS (NFT)AS OPTIONS CONTRACT ONPHYSICALOR DIGITAL ASSETS." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 9 (2022): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v06i09.021.

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Non-fungible tokens provide ownership guarantees on an underlying asset to the holder of the token.NFT works on the block chain technology and does not need any intermediary or central authority to operate. We study one of possible applications of this technology – to have two parties enter into an options contract with a physical or digital asset as an under lier. The holder of the options contract can be validated through the NFT token.

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Tomić, Nenad, Violeta Todorović, and Milena Jakšić. "Future Tendencies of Non-fungible Tokens." Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy 69, no. 2 (2023): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ngoe-2023-0012.

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Abstract Blockchain has been one of the key innovations in information technology in the last 15 years. An important aspect of applying blockchain technology is the creation of so-called non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Although the name resembles cryptocurrencies because of the word token, in practice, NFTs do not represent electronic money but a digital certificate of ownership of an asset. They effectively behave like tokens whose total supply is one, and it is immutable. Considering their technical and conceptual basis, NFTs can be defined as digital certificates of ownership based on blockchai

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Yoo, YeonJae, and JungHwa Choi. "Types of Non-Fungible Token Fashion Utilization and Internal Value." Journal of the Korean Society of Costume 72, no. 5 (2022): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7233/jksc.2022.72.5.017.

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N, Gayathri. "Smart Contract for NFT Marketplace: Redefining Digital Ownership." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem45612.

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Abstract-Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) have emerged as a transformative force in the digital economy, offering creators a novel and decentralized way to monetize their work. Powered by blockchain technology, NFTs ensure transparency, traceability, and ownership of digital assets—ranging from art and music to virtual real estate. By eliminating the dependency on traditional intermediaries such as galleries and auction houses, NFTs empower artists to connect directly with global audiences through dedicated marketplaces. This project explores the core concepts of NFTs, their evolution, and their und

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Nihreieva, O. O. "COPYRIGHT PROTECTION IN CONNECTION WITH THE CIRCULATION OF NON-FUNGIBLE TOKENS." Constitutional State, no. 58 (June 15, 2025): 169–75. https://doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2025.58.331004.

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The article is dedicated to copyright protection in the context of commercialization of the circulation of non-fungible tokens (NFT). The emergence of NFTs is a natural consequence of the rapid development of digital technologies, which cannot be stopped. The possibility of their commercial circulation, facilitated by the conclusion of smart contracts, and their high value cause significant interest in the creation of these tokens, which, however, may be based on dishonest intentions of NFT developers who, accelerating the creation process, use the works of other authors. The main characterist

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Blinova, Uliana, Nadezhda Rozhkova, and Darya Rozhkova. "NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens) as an Object of Accounting." Journal of Digital Art & Humanities 4, no. 1 (2023): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33847/2712-8148.4.1_1.

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This paper presents arguments about a need to study a new phenomenon in cyberspace - non-fungible tokens (NFT) as an object of legal relations and an object of accounting. A brief essential characteristic of these objects is given; the market of their turnover, Russian legal norms and accounting standards were studied. The objects of accounting from the Russian Federal Law No. 402-FZ "On Accounting", the criteria of referring to these objects in relation to NFT are considered. Afterward, we outlined the legal and accounting problems associated with the emergence of a new object and the ways fo

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Юлия Сергеевна, Евлахова. "Non-fungible tokens (NFT): the technology, the ecosystem and the asset market." STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 1, no. 1 (2024): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2024-1-1-110-117.

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The article considers non- fungible tokens as one of the types of digital financial assets. The purpose of the article is to study the modern NFT ecosystem and analyze the parameters of the NFT market. The indicators published in the analytical reports of the NFTGO consulting company, as well as scientific publications, were used. The definitions of the term "non- fungible token" are summarized, the criterion for classifying NFT objects is formulated; the participants of the NFT market are considered, the distinctive features of this market are highlighted. Based on the results of a quantitati

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Chandra, Yanto. "Non-fungible token-enabled entrepreneurship: A conceptual framework." Journal of Business Venturing Insights 18 (November 2022): e00323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2022.e00323.

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Duangsin, Vuttipat, Tanpat Kraiwanit, Ruangchan Thetlek, and Yarnaphat Shaengchart. "Non-fungible token economy in a developing country." Journal of Governance and Regulation 12, no. 3 (2023): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv12i3art13.

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Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are a form of cryptocurrency that is commonly employed in sectors such as collectibles, art, and gaming (Pinto-Gutiérrez et al., 2022). The purpose of this study is to analyse the factors that affect NFT holdings in Thailand. The data was collected from 812 Thai residents who owned digital assets, and it was analysed using binary regression. The results indicated that NFT ownership could be predicted by NFT proficiency, marital status, age, and education, while occupation, monthly income, and savings were not significant. The paper proposes that the Thai government s

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Salotagi, Dr Shreekant. "Decentralized Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Marketplace Using Blockchain." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem48889.

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Abstract - Before blockchain technology became common, ways to check who owned digital assets and how to protect them were easy to alter. This caused big losses. Blockchain is a new development that will greatly affect how we trade data plus money in a connected society - it is still rather new, and academic studies are scarce, but this situation changes fast. For this review, we first collected mostly peer reviewed sources. We also gathered helpful articles from many channels. The articles we chose show three important parts. They show the main subjects people discuss about blockchain technol

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Kim, Kiyoung, Meeyoung Park, and Jiho Hwang. "A Study on Deriving NFT(Non-Fungible Token) Characteristics Using Delphi." Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society 25, no. 4 (2022): 717–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35978/jktis.2022.8.25.4.717.

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Zhao, Honglin. "Research on NFT in the Context of Blockchain." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 12 (August 26, 2022): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v12i.1414.

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A non-fungible token (NFT) is a unit of data on what is known as a blockchain digital ledger, where each token can represent a unique piece of digital data. Since they are not interchangeable, non-homogeneous tokens can represent digital files, such as paintings, sounds, movies, projects in games, or other forms of creative work. Blockchain allows users on the C or B side to place personal data or business data on the blockchain network, instead of homogenous token, thus becoming the next hot spot in the Internet industry. 2021 was perhaps the most critical year for the industry so far. In thi

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Martínez Luna, William Fernando, Ana María Moreno Ballesteros, and Edgar José Ruiz Dorantes. "Linking a Digital Asset to an NFT—Technical and Legal Analysis." Laws 13, no. 5 (2024): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws13050059.

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NFTs (non-fungible tokens) enable the commercialization of goods and services through blockchain technology, enhancing the security, transparency, and speed of transactions. The primary challenge NFTs face is their connection to the underlying asset, ensuring that transferring the token also means transferring the linked asset. This interdisciplinary article examines the technical and legal challenges of creating and linking a digital asset to an NFT. To explain the binding process, an NFT associated with a digital artwork was created, and relevant internal and uniform legal regulations were a

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Jaya, Rania Pramesti, Hanif Nurwidhiyanti, and Arini Jauharoh. "Rekonstruksi Kebijakan Jual Beli Tanah Bersertifikat dalam Bentuk Non-Fungible Token Melalui Aplikasi Marketplace." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 8, no. 2 (2024): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v8i2p191-198.

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The purpose of writing this article isto analyze the validity and legal protection of buying and selling certified land in the form of non-fungible tokens through a marketplace application. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and regulatory approach and a contextual approach. Buying and selling certified land in the form of non-fungible tokens through a marketplace application is a policy reconstruction that can be realized. The sale and purchase of certified land in the form of non-fungible tokens through the marketplace application has fulfilled the legal requiremen

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UMAROV, Husan S. "Realizing the opportunities of non-fungible token use in the modern intellectual property market." Finance and Credit 28, no. 3 (2022): 699–728. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.28.3.699.

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Subject. This article discusses the issues of using the capabilities of non-fungible tokens (NFT) to tokenize copyright objects, and regulation of authorship and ownership of NFT objects on existing Internet platforms. Objectives. The article aims to describe the main opportunities and complexities of tokenization of assets using non-fungible tokens in Russia and abroad, and substantiate the need for legal changes in NFT regulation. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of comparison, observation, classification, and analysis of statistical data from leading analytical platforms and block

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Hapsari, Recca Ayu, Aprinisa Aprinisa, and Rachel Anzani Putri. "Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Teknologi Non-Fungible Token (NFT) sebagai Identitas Karya Intelektual." Amsir Law Journal 4, no. 2 (2023): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36746/alj.v4i2.189.

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Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is a new digital platform that helps artists empower their work with easy access and secure tools and methods that can be used easily. The problem is how is the legal protection of NFT technology as an intellectual work identity? How is the NFT form a solution in protecting Indonesia’s intellectual property rights in a review of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright? The research method uses a juridical-empirical approach. By using primary and secondary legal materials obtained from literature and field studies by means of observation and interviews. The results o

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Vitelaru, Elena, and Luca Persia. "Fractional Vehicle Ownership and Revenue Generation Through Blockchain Asset Tokenization." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 24, no. 2 (2023): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2023-0011.

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Abstract The automotive industry is on a continuous transition towards a more sustainable and integrated ecosystem influenced by the fast-paced adoption of Electrical Vehicles (EVs) and the developments of emerging technologies such as Automated Vehicles (AVs). The road transportation sector is also experimenting with the emergent decentralized blockchain technology in various ways ranging from supply chain transparency to insurance and tokenization. Some of the recent use cases are the use of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), unique digital assets designed to be immutable, to certify ownership of a

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