Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tokyo 2020 / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Tokyo 2020.

Journal articles on the topic 'Tokyo 2020'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Tokyo 2020.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Shimizu, Kazuki, Stuart Gilmour, Hiromi Mase, et al. "COVID-19 and Heat Illness in Tokyo, Japan: Implications for the Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2021." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (2021): 3620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073620.

Full text

Abstract:

The 2020 summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo were postponed to July–September 2021 due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While COVID-19 has emerged as a monumental health threat for mass gathering events, heat illness must be acknowledged as a potentially large health threat for maintaining health services. We examined the number of COVID-19 admissions and the Tokyo rule for emergency medical care, in Tokyo, from March to September 2020, and investigated the weekly number of emergency transportations due to heat illness and weekly averages of the daily maximum Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) in Tokyo in the summer (2016–2020). The peak of emergency transportations due to heat illness overlapped the resurgence of COVID-19 in 2020, and an increase of heat illness patients and WBGT has been observed. Respect for robust science is critical for the decision-making process of mass gathering events during the pandemic, and science-based countermeasures and implementations for COVID-19 will be warranted. Without urgent reconsiderations and sufficient countermeasures, the double burden of COVID-19 and heat-related illnesses in Tokyo will overwhelm the healthcare provision system, and maintaining essential health services will be challenging during the 2021 summer Olympic and Paralympic Games.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Komarov, Mikhail E. "Организация Олимпийских игр: анализ структуры расходов на предолимпийском этапе на примере Японии". Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион: экономика, политика, право 55, № 2 (2020): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1813-3274/2020-2/15-29.

Full text

Abstract:

В данной статье рассматривается актуальный вопрос расходов на организацию летних Олимпийских игр на предолимпийском этапе. В статье проводится анализ структуры расходов на рассматриваемом этапе на примере XXXII летних Олимпийских игр в Токио. Детально исследуется структура расходов на двух крупных подэтапах: подача заявки на проведение Игр и непосредственно организация Олимпиады, при этом отдельно выделяются расходы трёх основных групп: Международного олимпийского комитета (с фокусом на программе Олимпийской солидарности), условной группы бизнеса и условной группы государства. На первом подэтапе в условную группу государства входят Токийский муниципалитет, правительство Японии и Заявочный комитет Токио 2020, в то время как на автором рассматриваемом подэтапе место Заявочного комитета занимает учреждённый в 2014 г. после официального избрания Токио городом-организатором Организационный комитет Токио 2020. В рамках каждой из трёх основных групп приводятся конкретные проекты, проводится анализ статей расходов на их осуществление. Отдельно стоит выделить тот факт, что автор, являясь действующим сотрудником Организационного комитета Токио 2020, осуществляет детальное изучение проектов и статей расходов, зачастую не попадающих в поле зрения исследователей данной темы. Отдельно анализируются факторы и причины увеличения первоначального бюджета на организацию и проведение XXXII летних Олимпийских игр, в частности такие, как перенос соревнований по марафону и спортивной ходьбе из Токио в г. Саппоро, перенос Игр на 2021 г. в связи с угрозой распространения вируса COVID-19 и т.д. На основе имеющихся данных по состоянию на май 2020 г. выделяется ряд тенденций, связанных со статьями расходов отдельно взятых групп. Основываясь на данных проведённого исследования, автор делает вывод, что наибольшие расходы на предолимпийском этапе несёт условная группа государства, в рамках которой доли Токийского муниципалитета и Оргкомитета Токио 2020 условно равны. Ключевые слова: Олимпийские игры, Организационный комитет Токио 2020, структура расходов Олимпийских игр, Токийский муниципалитет, Заявочный комитет Токио 2020, Международный олимпийский комитет, экономика Олимпийских игр, предолимпийский этап, XXXII летние Олимпийские игры, программа Олимпийской солидарности. This article deals with the topical issue of the costs related to hosting the Olympic Games at the pre-Olympic stage. The article provides an analysis of the cost structure at this stage on the example of the Games of the XXXII Olympiad in Tokyo. The cost structure in two major sub-stages is studied in detail: bidding stage and the organizing stage, with the focus on the costs of three main groups: the International Olympic Committee (highlighting the Olympic Solidarity program), nominal business group and nominal state group. In the first sub-stage the nominal state group includes Tokyo Metropolitan Government, the government of Japan and the Tokyo 2020 Bidding Committee, while in the second sub-stage the Tokyo 2020 Bidding Committee is replaced by the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee, established in 2014 after Tokyo was officially elected as the host city. Specific examples of the projects within each of the three main groups are indicated and the analysis of the costs related to their implementation is conducted. It is important to highlight the fact, that the author of the article, being the current employee of the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee, has carried out a detailed study of projects and cost items that frequently are not covered by other researchers of this issue. The factors and reasons for increased budget, compared with the initial one, for staging and holding the Games of the XXXII Olympiad are analyzed separately; particular emphasis has been put on the transfer of the marathon and race walk competition from Tokyo to Sapporo city and on the postponement of the Games till 2021 due to the threat of the COVID-19 virus spread, etc. Based on the available data as of May 2020, a number of trends related to the cost items of the main groups are indicated. Based on the materials of this article the author concludes that the largest expenses at the pre-Olympic stage are borne by the nominal group of state, within which the shares of Tokyo Metropolitan Government and the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee are conditionally equal. Keywords: Olympic Games, the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee, Olympic Games cost structure, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, the Tokyo 2020 Bidding Committee, the International Olympic Committee, the economics of the Olympic Games, pre-Olympic stage, the Games of the XXXII Olympiad, Olympic Solidarity program.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Kurita, Junko, Tamie Sugawara, and Yasushi Ohkusa. "Excess Mortality Probably Attributable to COVID-19 in Tokyo, Japan During August and October 2020." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 5 (2021): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0890.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: By March, 2021, the COVID-19 outbreak had reached its highest peak at the end of December, 2020. Nevertheless, no remarkable excess mortality attributable to COVID-19 has been observed. Object: We sought to quantify excess mortality in April using the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) model. Method: We applied the NIID model to deaths of all causes from 1987 through February, 2021 for all of Japan and through October for Tokyo. Results: Results obtained for Japan show very few excess mortality cases in August and October, 2020, estimated respectively as 12 and 104. However, in Tokyo, 595 cases of excess mortality were detected during August and October: they were, respectively, 3.1% and 1.7% of baseline numbers. Discussion and Conclusion: We detected considerable excess mortality in Tokyo but not throughout Japan. Continued careful monitoring of excess mortality of COVID-19 is expected to be important.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Khan, Ali. "Rakuten Fashion Week Tokyo Spring/Summer 2020, Tokyo, 14‐19 October 2019." Fashion, Style & Popular Culture 7, no. 4 (2020): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc_00043_5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Tanaka, Kiyokazu. "New Category of Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games：Badminton." Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 57, no. 6 (2020): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2490/jjrmc.57.517.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Guerreiro, Renato de Carvalho, Andressa Silva, Henrique de Araújo Andrade, et al. "WAS POSTPONING THE TOKYO 2020 OLYMPIC AND PARALYMPIC GAMES A CORRECT DECISION?" Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 26, no. 3 (2020): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202026030036.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT In December 2019, Wuhan, in China, attracted international attention due to a pneumonia outbreak caused by the new coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Infection by 2019-nCoV is more likely in elderly people with comorbidities or with associated chronic diseases. Due to the high transmission rate among humans, this disease is rapidly disseminated, which led to several events being canceled, including the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The aim of this article is to discuss the risk factors for Olympic and Paralympic athletes, as well as for spectators, that justify the decision to postpone the Tokyo Games 2020. Regular physical exercise is associated with health and the prevention of chronic diseases. Although athletes generally appear to be healthy and physically fit, this may not be true. The immune system, which protects the organism from invasive microorganisms, can be affected by the duration and quality of sleep, as well as by physical exercise which influences the quality of the immune response. High volumes of high-intensity physical exercise, as well as changes in sleep patterns during the pre-competition period and the impacts of jet lag on athletes traveling for the Tokyo Games in 2020 may lead to immune system suppression, making these groups more vulnerable to infection by 2019-nCoV. Moreover, during the period planned for the games in 2020 the pandemic may be subsiding in some countries and increasing in others, and this was also taken into consideration as a risk factor. Hence, the decision taken to postpone the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games until 2021 due to the 2019-nCoV was the correct one, and was extremely important to protect the health of Olympic and Paralympic athletes, as well as spectators. Level of evidence V; expert opinion .

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Sugishita, Yoshiyuki, Junko Kurita, Tamie Sugawara, and Yasushi Ohkusa. "COVID-19 Outbreak Forecasting and Effects of Self-Restraint Against Excursions in Tokyo, Japan, as of the End of March, 2020, Before the Emergency Declaration on April 7, 2020." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 1 (2021): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0006.

Full text

Abstract:

In Tokyo, Japan, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases have been increasing gradually since late March 2020. This study was aimed to predict the effects of self-restraint against excursions in Tokyo before the emergency declaration of April 7, 2020. Data of symptomatic patients collected between January 14 and March 28, 2020, in Tokyo, were used to formulate a susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) model using three age classes and estimate the basic reproduction number (R0). Based on the estimated R0, we inferred outbreak outcomes and medical burdens if self-restraint against excursions had not been enacted. Thereafter, we estimated the effects of self-restraint against excursions. The results suggested an R0 value of 2.86, with a 95% confidence interval of 2.73–2.97. It is likely that the exhaustion of medical resources could have occurred on April 28, 2020, if no self-restraint against excursions had occurred. If self-restraint against excursions had been enacted from April 6, 2020, and more than 60% of trips outside the home had been restricted voluntarily, medical care services would then have been predicted to be maintained. Our suggestion might have contributed to countermeasures against COVID-19 in Tokyo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Haggis, Devena, and Lilamani De Soysa. "Tokyo 2020 and the Internationalization of Sport Education." International Journal of Sport and Society 9, no. 4 (2018): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2152-7857/cgp/v09i04/17-29.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Wadano, Yasuyoshi. "Medical System at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games." Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 57, no. 6 (2020): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2490/jjrmc.57.492.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Yuichi, MORIGUCHI. "Sustainability Considerations for Tokyo 2020 Olympic/Paralympic Games." Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 16, no. 1 (2020): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3370/lca.16.2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Hiroyuki, UCHIDA. "Climate Action and Carbon Footprint on Tokyo 2020." Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Japan 16, no. 1 (2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3370/lca.16.21.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Zimbalist. "Tokyo 2020 and Its Postponement: An Economic Prognosis." Journal of Olympic Studies 2, no. 1 (2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jofolympstud.2.1.0015.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Tsumura, Y. "Sports Facilities at the Tokyo Games 1964-2020." Concrete Journal 58, no. 5 (2020): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj.58.5_358.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kang, Sungwoo. "The 2020 Tokyo Olympics in Japan and Enhancing Soft Power." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 9, no. 1 (2018): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.9.1.7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kim, Eun-hye. "2020 Tokyo Olympics and Tokyo Bay Zone the Trajectory of Property-led Urban Regeneration." Korean Association of Regional Sociology 21, no. 2 (2020): 77–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.35175/krs.2020.21.2.77.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Ichii, Yoshifusa. "“Creative Reconstruction” and the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games: How Does the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games Influence Japan's Neoliberal Social Reform?" International Journal of Japanese Sociology 28, no. 1 (2019): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijjs.12102.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Wu, Yuting, Kathrin Graw, and Andreas Matzarakis. "Comparison of Thermal Comfort between Sapporo and Tokyo—The Case of the Olympics 2020." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (2020): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050444.

Full text

Abstract:

Weather and climate conditions can be decisive regarding travel plans or outdoor events, especially for sport events. The Olympic Games 2020, postponed to 2021, will take place in Tokyo at a time which is considered to be the hottest and most humid time of the year. However, a part of the athletic competitions is relocated to the northern city Sapporo. Therefore, it is important to quantify thermal comfort for different occasions and destinations and make the results accessible to visitors and sport attendees. The following analysis will quantify and compare thermal comfort and heat stress between Sapporo and Tokyo using thermal indices like the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature and the modified Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET and mPET). The results reveal different precipitation patterns for the cities. While a higher precipitation rate appears in Sapporo during winter, the precipitation rate is higher in Tokyo during summer. PET and mPET exhibit a greater probability of heat stress conditions in Tokyo during the Olympic Games, whereas Sapporo has more moderate values for the same period. The Climate-Tourism/Transfer-Information-Scheme (CTIS) integrates and simplifies climate information and makes them comprehensible for non-specialists. The CTIS of Tokyo illustrates lower suitable conditions for “Heat stress”, “Sunny days” and “Sultriness”. Transferring parts of the athletics competition to a northern city is thus more convenient for athletes, staff members and spectators. Hence, heat stress can be avoided and an acceptable outdoor stay is ensured. Overall, this quantification and comparison of the thermal conditions in Sapporo and Tokyo reveal limitations but also possibilities for the organizers of the Olympic Games. Furthermore it can be used to raise awareness for promoting or arranging countermeasures and heat mitigation at specific events and destinations, if necessary.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

CHUCHU, Tinashe, Eugine Tafadzwa MAZIRIRI, and Tarisai Fritz RUKUNI. "A Systematic Review of the Impact of COVID-19 on Global Sporting Events in 2020: The Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics." GEOSPORT FOR SOCIETY 15, no. 2 (2021): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gss.1502-072.

Full text

Abstract:

The Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), like no other pandemic has taken the world by storm, affecting all and any spheres of life. This effect has also impacted global sporting events such as the 2020 Summer Olympics that were scheduled for the 24th of July 2020 to the 9th of July 2020 in Tokyo, Japan. Historically, the Summer Olympics have been cancelled 3 times due to war but the postponement that occurred in 2020 is unprecedented. The socio-economic implications are still yet to be fully explored and realised. The purpose of this research is to therefore examine the impact of COVID-19 on the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. The study will adopt a systematic literature review of material on the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to sporting events and statistical inferences will be conducted based on publicly accessible secondary data sources. Considering that the pandemic is still an ongoing phenomenon the findings and analysis cannot be conclusive, a snapshot based on current data and scientific predictions will be provided on what COVID-19 meant to global sporting events. A broad analysis of the pandemic’s impact on sport will be provided despite the focus being on the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. Last, this study serves as a template for further research on COVID-19’s impact on sporting events in general, preferably studies conducted post the pandemic for reflection purposes based on more conclusive data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Rowberg, Kathryn, and Meg Rincker. "Environmental Sustainability at the Olympic Games: Comparing Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Games." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 4 (2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n4p121.

Full text

Abstract:

The modern Olympic Games have evolved from events fostering international peace and goodwill to showcases of athleticism and commercialism. More recently sustainability became a pillar of the Game site selection process. This paper focuses on two Olympic Games: Rio 2016 (completed) and Tokyo 2020 (upcoming). The goals of Sustainability Plans and pre-game reports for the two Olympic sites are analyzed using weighted summation method of Multi-attribute Value theory and the framework of environmental, economic and social-cultural sustainability, with emphasis on environmental sustainability. Post-game analysis and legacy stories are reviewed for Rio 2016. Application of legacy stories to future Olympics sites is examined. Last, Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020, in terms of actual and anticipated success in sustainability initiatives, are compared for the impact these two Games may have on future Olympic Game sites.Keywords: Sustainability, environmental sustainability, Olympic Games, Rio 2016, Tokyo 2020

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Hirabayashi, Satoshi, Tsutomu Abe, Fumiko Imamura, and Chie Morioka. "Development of a Distributed Modeling Framework to Estimate Thermal Comfort along 2020 Tokyo Olympic Marathon Course." Atmosphere 9, no. 6 (2018): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9060210.

Full text

Abstract:

Heat stress is an issue for marathon races in the summer, such as the one planned for the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympic games. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government is planning to grow existing street trees’ canopies to enlarge their shade to reduce air temperature and solar radiation. To formulate a baseline to assess the effect of street trees and buildings on human thermal comfort, Distributed-COMfort FormulA (D-COMFA), a prototype of a distributed computer model using a geographic information system (GIS) was developed. D-COMFA calculates the energy budget of a human body on a 1 m cell basis, using readily available datasets such as weather measurements and polygon data for street structures. D-COMFA was applied to a street segment along the marathon course in Tokyo on an hourly-basis on 9 August 2016, the hottest day in Tokyo in 2016. Our case study showed that the energy budget was positively related to the sky view factor, air temperature, and solar radiation. The energy budget was reduced on average by 26–62% in the shade throughout the day.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Teter, Wesley R., and Libing Wang. "Monitoring implementation of the Tokyo Convention on recognition: a multi-stakeholder approach to the internationalization of higher education in the Asia-Pacific." International Journal of Comparative Education and Development 23, no. 3 (2021): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijced-10-2020-0075.

Full text

Abstract:

PurposeThe impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have transformed the global outlook for international higher education. Given the rapid shift to online learning, the Tokyo Convention in the Asia-Pacific entrusted to UNESCO has become an important policy framework to facilitate regional collaboration, authoritative information sharing and recognition of qualifications across diverse modes of learning. This paper examines the role of the Tokyo Convention to establish an inclusive platform for monitoring and collaborative governance of mobility and internationalization based on fair and transparent recognition policies and practices in the Asia-Pacific.Design/methodology/approachIn August 2019, a standardized survey instrument was sent by the Secretariat of the Tokyo Convention Committee at UNESCO Bangkok to competent recognition authorities in 46 countries in the Asia-Pacific, including the eight State Parties to the Tokyo Convention that ratified the Convention as of the reporting period. In total, qualitative data from n = 27 countries/states was received and analyzed to assess implementation of the Tokyo Convention throughout the region. The research design illustrates how normative instruments such as the Tokyo Convention are monitored and assessed over time.FindingsA multi-stakeholder approach based on collaborative governance is needed to effectively monitor implementation and implications of the Tokyo Convention for diverse higher education stakeholders in the Asia-Pacific region.Research limitations/implicationsImplications include establishing baseline data and methods for monitoring implementation of the Tokyo Convention. Based on collaborative governance theory, the paper explores potential for a multi-stakeholder approach to promote mutual accountability in the Asia-Pacific and to develop mechanisms for inclusive participation in the governance of the forthcoming Global Convention on recognition.Originality/valueAs the first systematic review of its kind, this paper includes a unique dataset and insights into UNESCO's methodology to monitor implementation of standard-setting instruments for qualifications recognition in the Asia-Pacific.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Oshima, Susumu, and Hisashi Ariga. "1. Efforts Toward 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games." Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 71, no. 1 (2017): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.71.49.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

TASHIMA, Kohzo. "Tokyo 2020 will provide everyone with more sporting opportunities!" Vacuum and Surface Science 63, no. 5 (2020): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/vss.63.251.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Yoshimura, Norihiko. "Starting from Tokyo 2020＋1, towards a Decarbonized World." Material Cycles and Waste Management Research 31, no. 3 (2020): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/mcwmr.31.167.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

ARAI, Hirokazu, Masataka HIGUCHI, Taku ITO, and Nanako NAKAMURA-TAIRA. "Tokyo Citizens' Perceptions of the Tokyo 2020 Games Immediately after the Decision to Postpone the Games." Journal of Japan Society of Sports Industry 31, no. 3 (2021): 3_261–3_266. http://dx.doi.org/10.5997/sposun.31.3_261.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Yamamura, Eiji, and Yoshiro Tsutsui. "The Impact of Postponing 2020 Tokyo Olympics on the Happiness of O-MO-TE-NA-SHI Workers in Tourism: A Consequence of COVID-19." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (2020): 8168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198168.

Full text

Abstract:

The 2020 Tokyo Olympics have been postponed due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The implications for industries related to the Olympics—tourism, hotels and restaurants, and others—are expected to be affected by reduced demand. Japanese workers in these industries were prepared to offer their hospitality to visitors from around the world. They would be benefited not only by an increase in income but also in offering visitors a taste of Tokyo’s great hospitality if the Olympics had been held in 2020. However, postponement of the sporting event is likely to have a significant impact on their happiness level. We independently collected individual-level panel data from March to April 2020. In the survey, the respondents were asked about their happiness levels by choosing from 11 categories: 1 (very unhappy) and 11 (very happy). They were also asked about expected income changes from 2020 to 2021. Based on this, we examined the effect of postponement on happiness level and expected income change. The sample was divided into sub-samples of areas including and excluding Tokyo. We found that the happiness level of workers in the tourism and restaurant sectors declined drastically after the announcement of the postponement. Only two weeks later, their happiness level did not alter from the pre-announcement level. This tendency was strongly observed in Tokyo and the surrounding prefectures, but not in other prefectures. However, workers engaged in the tourism and restaurant sectors did not predict a decrease in their income even after the postponement. Combined, these findings indicate that loss of extending hospitality, rather than reduction in income, temporarily reduces the happiness level of workers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Liff, Adam P. "Japan in 2020." Asian Survey 61, no. 1 (2021): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2021.61.1.49.

Full text

Abstract:

Japan’s leaders began 2020 with grand ambitions to make it a historic year. Tokyo was set to welcome the world for the Summer Olympics, Japan’s first since 1964, and Abe Shinzō, the powerful prime minister, planned to realize his party’s 65-year-old dream: revising Japan’s never-amended, US-drafted 1947 constitution. By spring, however, it was clear that COVID-19 had other plans. Despite public health outcomes better than in any other G7 member, daily life was severely disrupted, and the domestic political and economic fallout for Japan was significant. By late summer, circumstances were improving, but both Abe’s popularity and his personal health had suffered. He resigned in September, ending the longest prime-ministership in Japanese history. Though COVID-19 and the end of the Abe Era were the major storylines of Japan in 2020, a subplot was, paradoxically, remarkable continuity in national politics and foreign affairs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

AOYAMA, Yasushi. "Olympic Cities─Spatial Planning Challenges for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics." Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 28, no. 1 (2014): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares.28.1_42.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

FUJII, Hiroyuki. "Urban Development for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games." Japanese Journal of Real Estate Sciences 28, no. 1 (2014): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5736/jares.28.1_30.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

TAKAYAMA, Naru, Hiroyuki HORI, and Hidekazu WATANABE. "Evaluation of heatstroke risk at Sapporo in the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic marathon event compared with Tokyo." Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 76, no. 4 (2020): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2480/agrmet.d-20-00001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Wankhade, Devendra C. "The Novel Coronavirus and its Influence on Tokyo Olympic 2020." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 05, no. 05 (2020): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2020.v05.i05.009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

TERAMURA, HIDENOBU, and SACHI SETO. "The Challenge for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games." Sen'i Gakkaishi 72, no. 1 (2016): P—2—P—3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.72.p-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Hong, Sungchan, Hiroki Ozaki, Keita Watanabe, and Takeshi Asai. "Aerodynamic Characteristics of New Volleyball for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (2020): 3256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093256.

Full text

Abstract:

The pattern of a modern volleyball is greatly different from that of a conventional volleyball, with several changes being made to the shape and design of the surface on the ball. Furthermore, at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, a new volleyball (V200W; Mikasa) with 18 panels will be shown as the official ball. Therefore, this study compared the basic aerodynamic characteristics of conventional volleyballs with those of new designs in a wind tunnel. We used three full-size FIVB (Fédération Internationale de Volley-Ball) official volleyballs (V5M5000; Molten, MVA200; Mikasa and V200W; Mikasa) to determine the aerodynamic forces acting on each ball. The results indicate that the critical Reynolds number (Recr) differed depending on the ball types and their orientations. The Recr for the Molten ball (conventional) was determined to be ~3.4 × 105 (Cd = 0.17) on panel orientation A and ~2.7 × 105 (Cd = 0.14) on panel orientation B. Moreover, the Recr for the conventional Mikasa ball was determined to be ~2.6 × 105 (Cd = 0.14) on panel orientation A and ~3.0 × 105 (Cd = 0.13) on panel orientation B. On the other hand, the critical Reynolds number for the new volleyball (V200W) was ~2.9 × 105 (Cd = 0.17) in the panel orientation A and ~2.6 × 105 (Cd = 0.15) in panel orientation B. From these results, it can be hypothesized that, during a float serve, the flight trajectory will change depending on the type of volleyball and their orientation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

ONO, NAOKO. "Medical Interpreting at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games." Juntendo Medical Journal 66, Suppl.1 (2020): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14789/jmj.2020.66.jmj19-p06.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Szarkiszjan, Martin, and Janice Denoncourt. "Japanese trade mark law and Benrishi: preparing for Tokyo 2020." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 14, no. 11 (2019): 850–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpz112.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Boykoff, Jules, and Christopher Gaffney. "The Tokyo 2020 Games and the End of Olympic History." Capitalism Nature Socialism 31, no. 2 (2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2020.1738053.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Liu, D., and Y. Shi. "THE ACCESSIBILITY AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF GREEN OPEN SPACE BASED ON GIS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-2-2020 (November 17, 2020): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-2-2020-55-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Studies show that the green open space (GOS) is beneficial to visitors' mental and physical health and has positive social values. This study took four global cities as examples, namely Shanghai, Tokyo, New York and London. The per capita area, the coverage rate and the availability of GOS were calculated in this study. Then the GOS was classified according to the scales and morphological features. And the author analyzed the relations between availability and spatial patterns. The results showed that the four cities could be classified into two classes. Shanghai and Tokyo are high-population-density cities with medium GOS coverage and availability, and New York and London are medium-population-density cities with high GOS coverage and availability. It was found that the high GOS coverage rate did not necessarily lead to a higher availability. Shanghai and London could increase the amount of small GOS to ease the shortage of availability. And London and Tokyo could consider adding linear GOS to improve the connectivity of GOS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Jabłońska, Joanna. "Urban Noise Pollution Prevention — Tokyo Case Study." Polish Political Science Review 8, no. 2 (2020): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppsr-2020-0018.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractNowadays most of the world’s metropolises, cities, and conglomerations are substantially contaminated by noise. Development of civilization based on the intensification of car, rail, and air traffic, an increase of building density and, consequently, green areas reduction has led to major problems. Highlighting this negative phenomenon was one of the main objectives of this article. The process of noise pollution reduction is hindered not only by the needs of population growth, but also in a number of selected cities of the United States, Europe or Asia — aggressive sounds together with light and visual communications — emitted into public space, become an important element of commercial activities and remain a permanent, and even desirable, element of community culture and entertainment. The outlined problems are referred to in the introduction and discussion parts of this manuscript. At the same time, there are a number of solutions, both those currently applied and those possible to be introduced into the space of cities, which allow reduction of noise in selected zones of public and private sectors. One of the examples in the discussed field of science and practice is Tokyo — a multi-million metropolis, in which residents can experience silence both in workplaces, on streets and at home, despite the extraordinary civilization development of this metropolitan structure. Outcome analysis of solutions, used in the example city, forms the second part of the discussion in the article. Nowadays, when cities of the world are polluted with unwanted sounds, this case study is valuable, allowing the formulation of a set of clear recommendations for noise limitation in urban spaces — which are presented in the conclusions of the article. It is also worth mentioning that the spread of smart and humanized solutions aimed at noise reduction is crucial in order to build user- and environment-friendly urban environments in the near future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Babenhauserheide, Arne, Frank Hase, and Isamu Morino. "Net CO<sub>2</sub> fossil fuel emissions of Tokyo estimated directly from measurements of the Tsukuba TCCON site and radiosondes." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 5 (2020): 2697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2697-2020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. We present a simple statistical approach for estimating the greenhouse gas emissions of large cities using accurate long-term data of column-averaged greenhouse gas abundances collected by a nearby FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer. This approach is then used to estimate carbon dioxide emissions from Tokyo.FTIR measurements by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) derive gas abundances by quantitative spectral analysis of molecular absorption bands observed in near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Consequently these measurements only include daytime data.The emissions of Tokyo are derived by binning measurements according to wind direction and subtracting measurements of wind fields from outside the Tokyo area from measurements of wind fields from inside the Tokyo area.We estimate the average yearly carbon dioxide emissions from the area of Tokyo to be 70±21±6 MtC yr−1 between 2011 and 2016, calculated using only measurements from the TCCON site in Tsukuba (north-east of Tokyo) and wind-speed data from nearby radiosondes at Tateno. The uncertainties are estimated from the distribution of values and uncertainties of parameters (±21) and from the differences between fitting residuals with polynomials or with sines and cosines (±6).Our estimates are a factor of 1.7 higher than estimates using the Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide emission inventory (ODIAC), but when results are scaled by the expected daily cycle of emissions, measurements simulated from ODIAC data are within the uncertainty of our results.The goal of this study is not to calculate the best possible estimate of CO2 emissions but to describe a simple method which can be replicated easily and uses only observation data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Harrison, Penny. "Disability and inclusion in 2021." Gastrointestinal Nursing 19, no. 7 (2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2021.19.7.50.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Shimatani, Naotaka, Yoshiyuki Sugishita, Tamie Sugawara, et al. "Enhanced Surveillance for the Sports Festival in Tokyo 2013: Preparation for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games." Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 68, no. 4 (2015): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.233.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Kolotouchkina, Olga, Carmen Llorente-Barroso, María Luisa García-Guardia, and Juan Pavón. "Disability Narratives in Sports Communication: Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games’ Best Practices and Implications." Media and Communication 9, no. 3 (2021): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v9i3.4043.

Full text

Abstract:

The Paralympic Games have become a relevant social and communication tool for the enhancement of global awareness and understanding of disability. The increasing visibility of this kind of global sports event, as well as the efforts of public authorities to make their host cities more accessible, evidence a relevant shift to new urban barrier-free experiences and discourses concerning disability. This research is guided by an exploratory case study approach to assess the disability representation and narratives within the context of the 2020 Tokyo Paralympic Games. The examination of some innovative communication strategies fostering the visibility of disability reveals a series of effective practices implemented in Japan. The focus on the personification of para-athletes, the celebration of public events to experience first-hand para-sports disciplines, as well as the engagement of school-children and young people in para-sports initiatives are predominant in the communication efforts of Tokyo 2020 in the pre-games period.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

WATANABE, SHIN, and SHUN SUGIHARA. "Heat Illness Prevention at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games." Juntendo Medical Journal 66, Suppl.1 (2020): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14789/jmj.2020.66.jmj19-p14.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Mōri, Yoshitaka. "Lukewarm Nationalism: The 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Social Media and Affective Communities." International Journal of Japanese Sociology 28, no. 1 (2019): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijjs.12093.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Suyama, Tetsuo, Sayaka Fujiwara, and Miho Kikuchi. "Development of Sports for Impairments Coming and after TOKYO 2020 Paralympic." Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 57, no. 6 (2020): 486–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2490/jjrmc.57.486.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Fujiwara, Sayaka, Madoka Kinoshita, Chie Ito, et al. "New Paralympic Sports at Tokyo 2020：Features and Highlights of Taekwondo." Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 57, no. 6 (2020): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2490/jjrmc.57.521.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Honjo, Tsuyoshi, Yuhwan Seo, Yudai Yamasaki, et al. "Thermal comfort along the marathon course of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics." International Journal of Biometeorology 62, no. 8 (2018): 1407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00484-018-1539-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Leader, Alexandra M., Xue Wang, and Gabrielle Gaustad. "Creating the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Medals from Electronic Scrap: Sustainability Analysis." JOM 69, no. 9 (2017): 1539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2441-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Arata, Yuki. "Sustainability and Resource Management in Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020." Material Cycles and Waste Management Research 31, no. 3 (2020): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/mcwmr.31.169.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

LAM, Peng Er. "Japan in 2018: Abe Administration Surviving Scandals, Consolidating Power." East Asian Policy 11, no. 01 (2019): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930519000084.

Full text

Abstract:

Japan’s Prime Minister Abe Shinzo won a third term as Liberal Democratic Party president in September 2018 despite two crony scandals. As Abe is likely to remain as prime minister till 2021, he is set to hike consumption tax in 2019, organise the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics, raise defence spending and probably revise the constitution. Abe’s most significant legislative victory in 2018 was the revision of the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Law.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!