Journal articles: 'Tokyo (Japan)'

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Koido, Yuichi, Miho Misaki, Kayako Chishima, Yuzuru Kawashima, Hisayoshi Kondo, Yoshiki Toyokuni, Yasuhiro Otomo, and Katsunori Yoshihara. "The Role of Japan DMAT in Tokyo Inland Earthquake." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001067.

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Introduction:An inland earthquake is expected to occur in Tokyo in the near future, and disaster preparedness and response measures have been put in place by the government of Japan and local authorities.Methods:Japan Disaster Medical Assistant Teams (DMATs) conducted two large-scale drills for the first time in preparation for a Tokyo inland earthquake, in collaboration with the following participants: the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, disaster base hospitals in Tokyo, three Staging Care Units (SCUs), and neighboring prefectures. One of the scenarios was a north Tokyo Bay earthquake affecting the Tokyo wards and had 142 Japan DMATs participation. Another scenario was Tama inland earthquake affected mid-west of Tokyo and 110 DMATs participated. The drill included headquarters operation, affected hospital support operation, patient transportation within the area and to the wider region, SCU operation, collaboration with associated organizations, and logistics operation.Results:Post-drill assessments identified the following areas that need to be addressed: review of Japan DMAT implementation strategies; improvement of SCUs; establishment of a patient air transportation framework; securing means of patient transportation; improvement of communication systems; strengthening of disaster response of all hospitals in the Tokyo Metropolis; and preparations for survival in the event of isolation caused by the disaster.

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Ko, Dorothy. "THE CREATION OF PATRIARCHY IN JAPAN: WAKITA HARUKO'S “WOMEN IN MEDIEVAL JAPAN” FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE." International Journal of Asian Studies 5, no. 1 (January 2008): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591407000939.

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AbstractWakita Haruko. Women in Medieval Japan: Motherhood, Household Management and Sexuality. Translated by Alison Tokita. Clayton, Australia: Monash Asia Institute and Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 2006.

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Macioszek, Elżbieta. "Roundabout Entry Capacity Calculation—A Case Study Based on Roundabouts in Tokyo, Japan, and Tokyo Surroundings." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041533.

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The article presents the calculation of roundabout entry capacity as a case study based on roundabouts located in Tokyo, Japan, and Tokyo surroundings. The analysis was conducted as part of the project entitled “Analysis of the applicability of the author’s method of roundabouts entry capacity calculation developed for the conditions prevailing in Poland to the conditions prevailing at roundabouts in Tokyo (Japan) and in the Tokyo surroundings”. The main aim and the research question was whether the author’s model of roundabouts entry capacity calculation constructed for the conditions prevailing in Poland after calibration is suitable to calculate roundabout entry capacity of roundabouts located in Tokyo and in the Tokyo surroundings. In order to perform the calibration in 2019, measurements were taken at the single-lane roundabouts located in Tokyo and Tokyo surroundings. The model calibration revealed that it is possible to evaluate the entry capacity of roundabouts located in Tokyo and in Tokyo surroundings using the author’s model.

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Mino, T. "Environmental engineering education in Japan." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0038.

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The curriculum in environmental engineering at undergraduate and graduate level at the University of Tokyo is described in detail as an example of environmental engineering education in Japan. The environmental engineering curricula of three major Japanese universities, namely, Hokkaido University, the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University, are compared. Future needs for environmental engineering education are discussed.

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Han, Geum-Soon. "National Movements of Pyeong-kuk Kang in Japan." Society for Jeju Studies 58 (August 31, 2022): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47520/jjs.2022.58.107.

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Pyeong-kuk Kang was a Korean nationalist during the period of Japanese colonial rule. She participated in the March 1st movement in Seoul. After Kang enrolled in Tokyo Women’s Medical School, Kang was a member of youth activist group, feminist group, and labor union for Koreans in Japan. She participated in nationalist activism against ethnic discrimination in Japan until 1932. Kang was a board member of the Korean Young Women League in Tokyo, which had a goal to enhance social status and economic welfare of women. She was also a fellow member of the Council of Korean Association in Tokyo. Furthermore, Kang was a committee member of the Department of Women in the Eastern branch of Korea Trade Union in Tokyo and in the Korea Trade Union Confederation in Japan. She participated in social activism for Koreans against ethnic discrimination to protect the rights and interests of Korean labor. Kang played the leading role in the establishment of the Tokyo branch of Keun-Woo Association. Keun-Woo Association was an activist group for women’s social status and Korean liberation. Kang was a chairperson in General Meeting for the establishment of the Tokyo branch of Keun-Woo Association. Kang in Keun-Woo Association engaged in not only women’s rights and interests but also other political and social issues. Kang’s activities in Japan were mainly focused on nationalist activism. A wide range of her activism from feminism to labor movement were protests for Koreans against ethnic discrimination. On the other hand, Kang’s activities in Japan were aligned with socialist activism.

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YAJIMA, Naonari, and Taisuke SADAYUKI. "STIGMATIZED PROPERTIES IN TOKYO, JAPAN." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 28, no. 69 (June 20, 2022): 976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.28.976.

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Adachi, Morihiro, and Masayuki Nagata. "Tokyo City Hall Complex, Japan." Structural Engineering International 1, no. 4 (November 1991): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686691780617292.

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Palem Zainol, Siti Zulfa, and Izziah Suryani Mat Resad @ Arshad. "[The Role of Abdul Hay Kurban Ali to The Development of Islam in Tokyo, Japan] Peranan Abdul Hay Kurban Ali Terhadap Perkembangan Islam di Tokyo, Jepun." Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari 22, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2021.22.1.550.

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Abstract Abdul Hay Kurban Ali’s arrival in Japan in 1924 has a huge impact on the development of Islam and towards the Muslim community in Tokyo Japan. The migration of the Turkic Tatar Muslim to Japan resulting from the Russian Revolution un 1917 has cause several Islamic Associations to emerge in Japan. Abdul Hay Kurban Ali was the leader of one of this Islamic Association for the Muslim community representing the Turkic-Tatar Muslim in Japan under the name Mahalla Islamiya. With this, Abdul Hay Kurban Ali has carried the interests from each of the Islamic Association from the Muslim community in Japan to build education institution and mosque in Tokyo, Japan. As such, Abdul Hay Kurban Ali cooperate with Syeikh Abdul Rashid Ibrahim in creating good relationship between Turkey and Japan to ease the construction of education institution and mosque in Tokyo, Japan. This research is a qualitative research using the historical history design. This research used the documentation method through data collection that focus on sources under four themes which is historical background of Abdul Hay Kurban Ali, the arrival of Islam in Japan, the role of Da’wah by Abdul Hay Kurban Ali and his contributions in Tokyo, Japan. Meanwhile, the researcher use descriptive and historical methods in analysing the data and sources under the prescribed themes. The finding from the research showed that the four thematic analyses has given a clear and organized information. The role of Abdul Hay Kurban towards the development of Islam in Tokyo, Japan is very significant for the Da’wah aspect towards the Japanese community, the Islamic Association of the Muslim community and the construction of education institution and mosque. Keywords: Abdul Hay Kurban Ali, Muslim community, Turkey, Islam in Japan, mosque Abstrak Kedatangan Abdul Hay Kurban Ali ke Jepun pada tahun 1924 memberi kesan yang besar terhadap perkembangan Islam dan komuniti Muslim di Tokyo, Jepun. Penghijrahan komuniti Muslim Turki Tatar ke Jepun akibat revolusi Rusia pada tahun 1917 telah menyebabkan wujudnya beberapa persatuan-persatuan Islam di Jepun. Abdul Hay Kurban Ali telah mengetuai salah satu daripada persatuan komuniti Muslim bagi bangsa Turki-Tatar di Jepun, Mahalla Islamiya. Menerusi hal ini, Abdul Hay Kurban Ali telah membawa hasrat daripada setiap persatuan-persatuan komuniti Muslim di Jepun untuk membina institusi pendidikan dan masjid di Tokyo, Jepun. Oleh itu, Abdul Hay Kurban Ali bekerjasama dengan Syeikh Abdul Rashid Ibrahim untuk mengadakan hubungan baik bersama kerajaan Turki dan Jepun bagi memudahkan pembinaan institusi pendidikan dan masjid di Tokyo, Jepun. Kajian Ini merupakan kajian berbentuk kualitatif dengan menggunakan reka bentuk kajian sejarah. Kajian ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi melalui pengumpulan data dengan menfokuskan pada sumber-sumber yang berkaitan empat tema iaitu, sejarah latar belakang Abdul Hay Kurban Ali, kedatangan Islam di Jepun, peranan dakwah Abdul Hay Kurban Ali dan sumbangan beliau di Tokyo, Jepun. Manakala pengkaji menggunakan metode deskriptif dan metode sejarah untuk menganalisis data-data dan sumber-sumber menerusi tema yang ditetapkan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa sumber-sumber menerusi empat tematik yang dikaji oleh pengkaji telah memberikan maklumat yang tersusun dan jelas. Peranan Abdul Hay Kurban Ali terhadap perkembangan Islam di Tokyo, Jepun amat besar jasanya dari aspek dakwah kepada komuniti Jepun, penyatuan persatuan-persatuan komuniti Muslim dan pembinaan institusi pendidikan dan masjid. Kata kunci: Abdul Hay Kurban Ali, Komuniti Muslim, Turki, Islam di Jepun, Masjid

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Tsukada, Noriko, Nobuhiro Maeda, and Katsuya Iijima. "EXPANDING EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES IN GERONTOLOGY IN JAPAN." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1092.

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Abstract There are two universities that offer Gerontology curriculum and confer Gerontology degrees in Japan, including J.F. Oberlin University and The University of Tokyo. J.F. Oberlin University started its Master’s program in 2002 and its doctoral program in 2004. The University of Tokyo endowed a Gerontology Research Division in 2006 and started its cross-departmental program in Gerontology in 2008. The endowed Gerontology Research Division was elevated to the Institute of Gerontology (IOG) in 2009. From April 2014 through March 2021, the Gerontology program, known as the Global Leadership Initiative for Age-Friendly Society (GLAFS) at The University of Tokyo, was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Today, The University of Tokyo now funds the program which was renamed World-leading Innovative Graduate Study Program in Gerontology: Global Leadership Initiative for Age-Friendly Society (WINGS-GLAFS). This paper first presents a brief history of Gerontology-related events in Japan, including foundational education proposals of The Science Council of Japan, then introduces Japan’s leading Gerontology education programs offered by J.F. Oberlin University and The University of Tokyo in detail. Finally, it presents other gerontology related activities including the Gerontology Literacy Test started by the IOG in 2013.

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Eberhardt, Tilmann, and Susanne Germann. "Leben für Japan." Literaturblatt für Baden-Württemberg, no. 2 (June 25, 2024): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53458/litbw.vi2.12610.

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Kaushik, Mamta, Roshni Sharma, Pallavi Reddy, Pallavi Pathak, Pooja Udameshi, and Narmatha Vallakuruchi Jayabal. "Comparative Evaluation of Voids Present in Conventional and Capsulated Glass Ionomer Cements Using Two Different Conditioners: AnIn VitroStudy." International Journal of Biomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/935240.

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Thisin vitrostudy evaluated the presence of voids in powder-liquid and capsulated glass ionomer cement. 40 cavities were prepared on root surfaces of maxillary incisors and divided into four groups. Cavities were conditioned with glass ionomer cement liquid (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) in Groups 1 and 3 and with dentin conditioner (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) in Groups 2 and 4. Conventional powder-liquid glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji II, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was used as a restorative material in Groups 1 and 2. Capsulated glass ionomer cement (GC Fuji II, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was used in Groups 3 and 4. Samples were sectioned and viewed under stereomicroscope to check for the presence of voids within the cement and at the cement-tooth junction. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests. Group 4 showed statistically significant results (P<0.05) when compared to Groups 1 and 2 for voids within the cement. However, for voids at the margins, the results were statistically insignificant.

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Murakami, S., R. Azuma, H. Oomi, T. Watanabe, S. Suzuki, T. Koeda, and H. Fujiwara. "Department of Animal Health, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 46, no. 9 (November 1999): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0442.1999.00242.x.

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Coates, Jamie. "Tokyo Pengyou." Journal of Anthropological Films 2, no. 1 (May 24, 2018): 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/jaf.v2i1.1538.

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This ethnographic film follows a young Chinese musician's struggles in Japan, demonstrating how emergent socialities and convivialities form through playful scenarios and the interplay of digital and analogue worlds. It explores how desire, disappointment and creativity shape young Chinese people's social bonds while living abroad, revealing the complicated nature of friendship in migration contexts. Based on long-term fieldwork in Tokyo's unofficial Chinatown, Ikebukuro, the film also serves as a reflection on the role of friendship in anthropological research.

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Mandujano-Salazar, Yunuen Ysela. "Tokyo Tower and Tokyo Skytree: History and Symbolism in Contemporary Japan." Gremium 3, e1 (October 1, 2016): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56039/rgne1a03.

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The Tokyo Tower and the Tokyo Skytree are the two most recognizable landmarks on the skyline of Japan’s capital. By means of a documental revision, a textual interpretative analysis of media contents, participant observation and unstructured interviews, the objective of this article is to identify the development of these towers as symbols of Tokyo and Japan. It is found that, with more than half a century of existence, the Tokyo Tower represents the successful postwar Japanese society, while in just five years the Tokyo Skytree has become a symbol of Japanese national spirit and resilience in an era of multiple crises. Both broadcasting towers are regularly portrayed in Japanese media linked to narratives of romance, dreams, family and community. Also, enhanced by their special lightening at night, they stand as attractive poles for locals and visitors to choose them as background in relevant events in their lives.

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Noguchi, Yoshihiro, Shuji Yamashita, Hirofumi Tamaki, Arihiro Osanai, Yoko Ino, Tomoya Tachi, Kazuhiro Iguchi, and Hitomi Teramachi. "Signal Detection Study Focusing on Differences in the Drug Delivery System of Oral 5-Aminosalicylate for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using the Japanese Pharmacovigilance Database." Pharmacoepidemiology 2, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharma2010003.

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Although 5-Aminosalicylate (5-ASA) has been shown to act on the local mucosa, when 5-ASA is orally administered, most of it is absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract and does not reach the large intestine, where lesions are present. Therefore, different drug delivery systems have been developed for each oral 5-ASA formulation. Currently, the oral 5-ASA formulation approved in Japan is salazosulfapyridine (SALAZOPYRIN®; Pfizer Japan Inc.: Tokyo, Japan), in which 5-ASA and sulfapyridine are azo-bonded. In addition, there are several 5-ASA release formulations, including ASACOL®; ZERIA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Tokyo, Japan (delayed release formulation dependent on pH), PENTASA®; KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Tokyo, Japan (delayed release formulation dependent on time), and LIALDA®; MOCHIDA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Tokyo, Japan (delayed release formulation dependent on pH and time). Adverse events may occur because of differences in the drug delivery systems of these products. In this study, we focused on the adverse events of different 5-ASA formulations and investigated differences in the detection of safety signals for each 5-ASA formulation using disproportionality analysis. There were 15 adverse events detected only with SALAZOPYRIN®. On the other hand, ASACOL®, PENTASA®, and LIALDA® have different drug delivery systems. Although the detected signal intensities varied, the detected adverse events were not significantly different. These findings provide important insights, which should be considered by physicians during treatment selection and drug manufacturers during drug development.

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Rauh, Andreas, and Balázs Bánhelyi. "Preface." Acta Cybernetica 26, no. 1 (May 23, 2023): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.303531.

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Preface The 19th International Symposium on Scientific Computing, Computer Arithmetic and Verified Numerical Computation (SCAN) was originally planned to be organized by the Institute of Informatics of the University of Szeged (SZTE) in Szeged, Hungary, in the year 2020. Due to the pandemic situation, the Scientific Committee of SCAN decided to postpone the meeting to September 13–15, 2021 and to have it in a fully online format.The members of the Scientific Committee were the following representatives of the topics of the conference: G. Alefeld (Karlsruhe, Germany), A. Bauer (Ljubljana, Slovenia), J. B. van den Berg (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), G.F. Corliss (Milwaukee, USA), T. Csendes (Szeged, Hungary), R.B. Kearfott (Lafayette, USA), V. Kreinovich (El Paso, USA), J.-P. Lessard (Montreal, Canada), W. Luther (Duisburg, Germany), S. Markov (Sofia, Bulgaria), G. Mayer (Rostock, Germany), J.-M. Muller (Lyon, France), M. Nakao (Tokyo, Japan), T. Ogita (Tokyo, Japan), S. Oishi (Tokyo, Japan), K. Ozaki (Tokyo, Japan), M. Plum (Karlsruhe, Germany), A. Rauh (Brest, France), N. Revol (Lyon, France), J. Rohn (Prague, Czech Republic), S. Rump (Hamburg, Germany/Tokyo, Japan), S. Shary (Novosibirsk, Russia), W. Tucker (Uppsala, Sweden), W. Walter (Dresden, Germany), J. Wolff von Gudenberg (Würzburg, Germany), and N. Yamamoto (Tokyo, Japan). The members of the Organizing Committee were: Balázs Bánhelyi, Tibor Csendes, Boglárka G.-Tóth, Viktor Homolya, Tamás Vinkó, and Dániel Zombori. During SCAN, more than 50 participants were present and 48 talks in several fields of reliable computation and its applications were given, and organized in 18 thematic sessions. The plenary speakers were Fabienne Jézéquel (Sorbonne University, France), Marko Lange (Hamburg University of Technology, Germany), J.D. Mireles James (Florida Atlantic University, USA), together with the Moore Prize winners Marko Lange and Siegfried Rump (Waseda University, Japan).The open-access scientific journal Acta Cybernetica offered to publish paper versions of selected presentations after a careful peer review process. Altogether, 7 papers were accepted for publication in the present special issue of Acta Cybernetica. The full program of the conference, the collection of all abstracts, and further information can be found at https://www.inf.u-szeged.hu/scan2020/. Andreas Rauh, Balázs Bánhelyi Guest Editors

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Kutsuna, Satoshi, Yasuyuki Kato, Meng Ling Moi, Akira Kotaki, Masayuki Ota, Koh Shinohara, Tetsuro Kobayashi, et al. "Autochthonous Dengue Fever, Tokyo, Japan, 2014." Emerging Infectious Diseases 21, no. 3 (March 2015): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2103.141662.

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Kutsuna, Satoshi, Yasuyuki Kato, Meng Ling Moi, Akira Kotaki, Masayuki Ota, Koh Shinohara, Tetsuro Kobayashi, et al. "Autochthonous Dengue Fever, Tokyo, Japan, 2014." Emerging Infectious Diseases 21, no. 3 (March 2015): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2103/141662.

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Watts, Jonathan. "tokyo Alleged biotech espionage rocks Japan." Lancet 357, no. 9274 (June 2001): 2111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)05241-7.

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Boyd, John. "Opposition in Japan." Government and Opposition 32, no. 4 (October 1997): 631–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00450.x.

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FIRST, TWO DISCLAIMERS. DIPLOMATS ARE NOT ACADEMICS. THIS WILL be a personal account, based on some firsthand experience of contemporary Japanese politics (pursued always in terms of the UK interest) supported by some — though not enough — background reading. It will not, however, be an academic text.The second disclaimer is more complicated. Japan had five different prime ministers during my relatively brief stay in Tokyo. It experienced four coalitions of varying complexions. Fluidity was the name of the game. It challenges ingenuity, to define ‘opposition’ in this context. And it must be right to pay some regard to the culture. To say that times and fashions change is to undersell a more tricky and rewarding set of questions about Japan's political characteristics. This is not just another G7 system. The strength of Japan's culture hits the newcomer to Tokyo like a wave. Moreover, within continuities, Japan has undergone repeated convulsions. Today's political structures draw on domestic as well as foreign traditions, in a subtle mixture.

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Voda, Kristina. "Japan and U.S. in the Indo-Pacific region under the J. Biden administration." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 1 (2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120018308-9.

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The article analyzes the approaches of the United States and Japan to the international political problems in the Indo-Pacific region at the beginning of the administration of the 46th President of the United States Joe Biden in 2021. It also aims to evaluate the perspectives of US-Japan cooperation in key areas. The article analyses the policies of the United States and Japan towards China. Japan supported J. Biden's approach to confront China on a wide range of issues. By actively involving in the US-China confrontation government in Tokyo aims to strengthen its position in rivalry with China. However, it will not be easy for Japan to preserve the achievements of the "warm" period in Japan-China relations in 2018-2020 in the economic and humanitarian spheres. The article also analyses the approaches of the US and Japan to the situation on the Korean Peninsula, including the prospects for cooperation between Tokyo, Washington and Seoul towards DPRK. Difficult-to-resolve contradictions between Tokyo and Seoul in a short-term perspective will hinder large-scale cooperation of the parties with Washington. The article also analyses the perspectives of the concept of "Free and open Indo-Pacific region". Tokyo which sees the concept of "Free and open Indo-Pacific region" as a response to the expansion of Beijing's influence in the region, is interested in developing economic cooperation with partners aimed at weakening dependence on China. The article also notes the increased importance of Japan in the United States’ Indo-Pacific strategy in the eyes of a number of American politicians and experts.

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Kistanov, Valeriy. "China as a Focal Point of Japan's Security Strategy." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 3 (2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120026064-1.

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The article is devoted to Japan's modern security policy towards China. To date, both countries have become the main trade and economic partners for each other, but at the same time there has been a significant deterioration in political ties between them. The degree of conflict in Sino-Japanese relations has risen sharply in the past decade, despite the consistent efforts of Tokyo and Beijing to improve bilateral ties through political and diplomatic measures. A growing concern in Japan is China's offensive naval activity in the East and South China Seas, which are regarded by Tokyo as a sphere of its vital interests. The most acute points of confrontation between the two countries to date have become the situations around the Senkaku Islands and Taiwan, which are fraught with the transition to an armed clash. With the adoption by Tokyo in December 2022 of a new National Security Strategy, China has actually been elevated to the rank of the main military threat to Japan. In order to eliminate the "Chinese threat", Tokyo, in accordance with the said Strategy, has embarked on an accelerated build-up of its own military potential, making it more offensive in nature. At the same time, with an eye on China, there is a qualitative and quantitative strengthening of Japan's military cooperation within the framework of a security treaty with the United States. Along with this, Japan is striving to create a network of bilateral and multilateral alliances with an anti-Chinese orientation in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, to confront China in the region, Tokyo is not only actively trying to win over non-regional players, primarily NATO countries, but also intends to establish cooperation with the North Atlantic Alliance at the institutional level. Such activity by Tokyo, aimed at containing China in the field of security, is strongly opposed in Beijing.

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Kurita, Junko, Tamie Sugawara, and Yasushi Ohkusa. "Excess Mortality Probably Attributable to COVID-19 in Tokyo, Japan During August and October 2020." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 5 (August 1, 2021): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0890.

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Background: By March, 2021, the COVID-19 outbreak had reached its highest peak at the end of December, 2020. Nevertheless, no remarkable excess mortality attributable to COVID-19 has been observed. Object: We sought to quantify excess mortality in April using the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) model. Method: We applied the NIID model to deaths of all causes from 1987 through February, 2021 for all of Japan and through October for Tokyo. Results: Results obtained for Japan show very few excess mortality cases in August and October, 2020, estimated respectively as 12 and 104. However, in Tokyo, 595 cases of excess mortality were detected during August and October: they were, respectively, 3.1% and 1.7% of baseline numbers. Discussion and Conclusion: We detected considerable excess mortality in Tokyo but not throughout Japan. Continued careful monitoring of excess mortality of COVID-19 is expected to be important.

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Nakabayashi, Itsuki. "Development of Urban Disaster Prevention Systems in Japan – from the Mid-1980s." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2006): 46–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0046.

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This treatise outlines developments in disaster management focusing on earthquake disaster measures taken by the Japanese and Tokyo Metropolitan Governments since the 1980s. The 1978 Large-Scale Earthquake Measures Special Act on conditions for predicting the Tokai Earthquake significantly changed the direction of earthquake disaster measures in Japan. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government undertook its own earthquake disaster measures based on lessons learned from the 1964 Niigata Earthquake. In the 1980s, it began planning urban development disaster management programs for upgrading areas with high wooden houses concentration - still a big problem in many urban areas of Japan - which are most vulnerable to earthquake disasters. The 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Kobe brought meaningful insight into both to earthquake disaster measures by the Japanese Government and by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and other local governments nationwide. Long-term predictions concerning possible earthquake occurrence have been conducted throughout Japan and new earthquake disaster measures have been adopted based on this long-term prediction. The Tokyo Government has further completely revised its own earthquake disaster measures. As a review of measures against foreseeable earthquake disasters based on developments in disaster management measures, this treatise provides invaluable insights emphasizing urban earthquake disaster prevention developed in Japan over the last 30 years that readers are sure to find both interesting and informative in their own work.

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Usami, Tatsuo. "Earthquake Studies and the Earthquake Prediction System in Japan." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 3 (December 1, 2006): 416–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0416.

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At 11h58m of Sept. 1, 1923, the coastal area of the south Kanto District, including big cities such as Tokyo, Yokohama, Kamakura and Atami, was violently shaken by a big shock. Disastrous vibrations continued for a couple of minutes. Immediately after the earthquake, fires arose at 163 points in Tokyo and about 3,800 ha were burnt to ashes. About 316,000 houses, 70% of all the houses in Tokyo, vanished in the fires. In Yokohama, fires arose at about 60 points and burnt about 950 ha and 60,000 houses, that is, 60% were destroyed by fires. Sum of the dead and the missing was 142,807, about 80-90% of whom were killed by fires. The most tragic event took place in the Hihukusho-yard (6 ha), which is located in downtown Tokyo. Many people who escaped from fires and other injuries gathered in this place with the minimum of personal property necessary for daily life. Fire was started on this meager assemblage and finally, 44,030 persons – almost all who gathered there – were burnt to death.

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Tamanoi, Mariko Asano. "Suffragist Women, Corrupt Officials, and Waste Control in Prewar Japan: Two Plays by Kaneko Shigeri." Journal of Asian Studies 68, no. 3 (August 2009): 805–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911809990064.

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Through the reading of two plays written by Kaneko Shigeri, this article examines the way in which Japanese suffragist women, who actively participated in the local governance of Tokyo in prewar Japan, joined in the production of two mutually related sets of discourses on democracy and waste control. Relying on the idea of “purity” (jôka), these women gendered the discourse of democracy along the divide of “pure” women and “impure” men, and succeeded, to a certain extent, in eliminating corrupt officials from the Tokyo prefectural and city assemblies. Yet their efforts to control waste, which was dumped on the residents of Fukagawa Ward in lowland Tokyo, largely failed, for suffragist women hardly paid attention to the intricate relationships among gender, class, and space in Greater Tokyo. This article aims to reveal the limit of the ideas of democracy and environment shared among the suffragist women in prewar Japan.

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Sultan Zeb Khan, Syed Umer Farooq, Khurshid Ali, Sofia Shehzad, Sofia Haider Durrani, and Abdul Hameed. "FREQUENCY OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING VARIOUS DENTAL PROCEDURES." Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry 9, no. 04 (December 31, 2019): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v9i04.393.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in patients undergoing various dental procedures at Tokyo Yaesu Dental Clinic and Tokyo Dental College Japan. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, we determined the frequency of HBV and HCV by screening the patients for HBs antigen and HCV antibody in blood serum before going for any dental procedures. Data were recorded from December 1999 to 2009(9 years & 8 months) in the Tokyo Yaesu Dental Clinic whereas in Tokyo Dental College Japan from October 2006 up to May 2008 (1 year and 8 months). Results: In this study, we assessed 2,181 patients for HBs, out of which 13 (0.60%) cases were found positive for HBs at Tokyo Yaesu Dental Clinic, and out of 3216 patients 33 (1.02%) patients were found positive for HBs antigen at Tokyo Dental College. On another hand 31 (1.42%) patients out of 2181 were found positive of HCV antibody at Tokyo Yaesu Dental Clinic and 45 numbers of cases (1.43%) were found positive for HCV antibody at Tokyo Dental College. Most of the patients were found to be in the 6th and 7th decade of life. Conclusion: Screening for HBV and HCV should be mandatory for every patient going through any invasive and non- invasive dental procedures. Furthermore, sterilizations and standard precautionary protocols must also be observed at Dental clinics and hospitals.

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Huang, Po-Lung. "Japanese street dance culture in manga and anime: Hip hop transcription in Samurai Champloo and Tokyo Tribe-2." East Asian Journal of Popular Culture 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eapc_00039_1.

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Street dance, one of the four most important elements of hip hop culture, was developed mainly by African American youths in the 1970s and imported to Japan in the 1980s. Since then, street dance has been diversified by local media such as manga/anime in Japan. This article therefore analyses how Japanese storytelling, exemplified by Shin’ichirō Watanabe’s anime Samurai Champloo (2004–05), Santa Inoue’s manga Tokyo Tribe-2 (1997–2005) and Tatsuo Satō’s anime adaptation Tokyo Tribes (2006–07), has transcribed the hip hop elements into the Tokugawa-Edo period’s art scenes and fictitious ‘Tōkyō’, and provides a basis for understanding hip hop culture in Japan by drawing on Charles Taylor’s ‘language of perspicuous contrast’ (1985). Although manga and anime quickly reflected popular cultural trends in Japan, hip hop elements did not manifest as main material until Tokyo Tribe-2 was released. Thus, there was apparently a prolonged interval between the arrival of hip hop culture in Japan and its representation by manga/anime after Japanese youths’ first fancied street dance. Therefore, street dance culture could have been transformed within the Japanese cultural context. This article also analyses the representation/transcription of street dance and hip hop in manga/amine by contextualizing the Japanese sociopolitical background to explain this prolonged interval.

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Oki, Shotaro, Tsutomu Takeda, Mariko Hojo, Ryota Uchida, Nobuyuki Suzuki, Daiki Abe, Atsushi Ikeda, et al. "Comparative Study of Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastritis in Okinawa and Tokyo Based on the Kyoto Classification of Gastritis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 5739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195739.

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The incidence of gastric cancer in Okinawa Prefecture is the lowest in Japan, which is attributed to differences in strains of Helicobacter pylori in Okinawa and other prefectures in Japan. Our aim was to compare the endoscopic findings of H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa in Okinawa and Tokyo. Patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGI) at Northern Okinawa Medical Center (Okinawa group) and Juntendo University Hospital (Tokyo group) from April 2019 to March 2020 were included. Patients diagnosed with H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa were retrospectively compared between the Okinawa and Tokyo groups according to the Kyoto Classification of Gastritis. The numbers of subjects (Okinawa/Tokyo) were 435/352, male/female ratio was 247:188/181:171, and age was 53.3 ± 14.7/64.6 ± 14.3 (mean ± standard deviation) years. Regarding the Kyoto Classification of Gastritis, the prevalence (Okinawa/Tokyo) of the closed type of atrophic gastritis was 73%/37% (p < 0.001), diffuse redness 80%/84% (p = 0.145), mucosal swelling 46%/46% (p = 0.991), enlarged fold 26%/32% (p = 0.048), spotty redness 77%/68% (p = 0.002), sticky mucus 17%/36% (p < 0.001), and intestinal metaplasia 32%/42% (p < 0.001). Age analysis also revealed that closed-type atrophy and spotty redness were more frequent in the Okinawa group than in the Tokyo group. There may be regional differences in endoscopic findings of H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa between Okinawa and Tokyo.

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Asai, Yasufumi, and Jeffrey L. Arnold. "Terrorism in Japan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 2 (June 2003): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00000844.

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AbstractAlthough the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack probably was the most widely reported terrorist event in Japan to date (5,500 injured, 12 dead), the country has suffered numerous other large terrorism-related events in recent decades, including bombings of the headquarters of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Tokyo in 1974 (207 injured, 8 dead), the Hokkaido Prefectural Government office building in Sapporo in 1976 (80 injured, 2 dead), and the Yosakoi-Soran Festival in Sapporo in 2000 (10 injured, none dead). Japan also has experienced two other mass-casualty terrorist events involving chemical releases, including the 1994 Matsumoto sarin attack (600 injured, 7 dead) and the 1998 Wakayama arsenic incident (67 injured, 4 dead).Until 1995, emergency management in Japan focused on planning and preparedness at the local level for the frequent disasters caused by natural events. Since that time, substantial progress has been made in advancing emergency planning and preparedness for terrorism-related events, including the designation of disaster centers in each prefecture, the implementation of several education and training programs for nuclear, biological, and chemical terrorism, and the establishment of a national Antiterrorism Office within the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare.

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Matsuo, Hirotaka, Hitomi Kawakami, Yuka Otsuki, Chieto Miyashita, Nobuo Kawahara, Hiroyuki Fuchino, and Kayo Yoshimatsu. "Utilization of Inedible Parts of Aralia cordata with High-Content Chlorogenic Acid Cultivated in Tokyo." Sustainability 16, no. 6 (March 21, 2024): 2582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16062582.

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Aralia cordata is called “Udo” and is one of the famous herbaceous perennial plants found in Korea, China, and Japan. In Japan, aerial parts of A. cordata have been consumed. Furthermore, its rhizome and root are utilized as crude drugs known as “dokukatsu” and “wakyoukatsu”, respectively. A. cordata is cultivated as a vegetable in many places in Japan, and one of the production areas is Tokyo. A. cordata made in Tokyo is known as a high-quality “Udo” product (aerial part) using a unique cultivation method, known as “Udo muro”. “Udo muro” blocks light and maintains optimal temperature and humidity throughout the year, facilitating the soft cultivation of udo. However, the roots of A. cordata cultivated in Tokyo are all discarded. Thus, the utilization of the A. cordata root cultivated in Tokyo might lead to sustainability and income improvement for farmers. In this study, we investigated the effect of “Udo muro” with or without cultivation and drying temperature on chlorogenic acid (CA) contents in A. cordata root and compared it with A. cordata produced in other areas (“wakyoukatsu”) by a quantitative analysis of the CA content using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that the CA content of the roots of A. cordata grown in Tokyo was higher than those grown in other areas. Furthermore, the usefulness of A. cordata root was evaluated using inhibitory activity tests such as nitric oxide production and melanin production using Raw264.7 and B16F10 cell lines, respectively.

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Lawton, J. H. "Japan Prize Commemorative Lecture: biodiversity, conservation and sustainability." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 58, no. 3 (September 22, 2004): 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2004.0069.

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This lecture was given on 21 April 2004, in Tokyo, Japan, on the occasion of the 20th Anniversary of the Japan Prize. John Lawton was awarded the 2004 Japan Prize for ‘Observational, experimental and theoretical achievements for the scientific understanding and conservation of biodiversity’.

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Febrianti, Kiki Widya, and Hamdan Nafiatur Rosyida. "Country Revitalization: Japan’s Nation Branding Post 3/11 Disaster Performed in the Tokyo Olympics 2020." Insignia: Journal of International Relations 9, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.2.6824.

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Abstract In 2011, Japan was hit by a series of major disasters, from an earthquake and tsunami that struck the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) reactor. Its incident caused Japan to suffer various damage from the economic, health, and environmental sectors, including the emergence of negative stereotypes at the global level. Therefore, Japan was chosen as the host country of the Tokyo Olympics 2020 sports event, and being used to restore Japan’s image in the international area. This study aims to analyze the forms of Japanese national branding after the 3/11 disaster through the Tokyo Olympics 2020. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. This study uses the concept of soft power and nation branding according, to Keith Dinnie, related to the stages of nation branding in the form of nation-brand identity, communicators of nation-brand identity, and nation-brand image. The results show that Fukushima as a territory promoted in the Tokyo Olympics through several reconstructed facilities to its natural products and culture. Although Fukushima is starting to show a positive image in the international community, Japan’s national branding still requires several challenges. Keywords: Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan’s revitalization, nation branding, Tokyo Olympics 2020

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Oshima, Ken Tadashi. "Denenchōfu: Building the Garden City in Japan." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 55, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991116.

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This article attempts to identify the fundamental physical and ideological elements that shape Japanese urbanism. It examines the development of the suburb of Denenchōfu near Tokyo as an example of Ebenezer Howard's garden city idea and shows how it met the needs of a new social order during the period of modernization. Denenchōfu was planned and developed outside of Tokyo at the beginning of the twentieth century by a group, led by Meiji period developer Eiichi Shibusawa, that was inspired by Howard's urban planning ideas. Like most garden cities. Denenchōfu was transformed over time into a relatively conventional suburb. Nevertheless it became one of the most successful planned developments in Japan. Part of this success stems from its timely completion, which coincided with the huge population exodus from Tokyo following the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 as well as from its prime location on the rapidly developing suburban railway network. Drawing from Japanese sources, this analysis traces the planning process of the project. It also examines the role of design guidelines and continuities with premodern forms in shaping the overall urban plan and individual houses.

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MATSUBARA, SATOSHI, and AKIRA KATO. "Edingtonite from the Shiromaru mine, Tokyo, Japan." JOURNAL OF MINERALOGY, PETROLOGY AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 86, no. 6 (1991): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/ganko.86.273.

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36

Mulder, Axel, and Paul Sermon. "The Inter-Communication Center of Tokyo, Japan." Leonardo Music Journal 8 (1998): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1513405.

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MARUI, Atsunao, Masaya YASUHARA, Takeshi HAYASHI, and Hiroyuki HIGUCHI. "Deep Groundwater Around the Tokyo Bay, Japan." Journal of Japanese Association of Hydrological Sciences 31, no. 3 (2001): 3_1–3_9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4145/jahs.31.3_1.

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38

Normile, D. "JAPAN: Tokyo Professor Asked to Redo Experiments." Science 309, no. 5743 (September 23, 2005): 1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.309.5743.1973.

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Watts, Jonathan. "tokyo Japan starts on health-spending slowdown." Lancet 358, no. 9282 (August 2001): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05827-5.

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Fukushima, Kazuo, Toshiro Saino, and Yukio Kodama. "Trace metal contamination in Tokyo Bay, Japan." Science of The Total Environment 125 (September 1992): 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90402-e.

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Yamanaka, Masayuki, and Hirofumi Okuda. "Dentsu Head Office Damping Systems, Tokyo, Japan." Structural Engineering International 15, no. 1 (February 2005): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686605777963369.

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42

Ohki, Y. "Symposium held in Tokyo [News from Japan]." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 21, no. 1 (January 2005): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.2005.1389279.

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43

Sakurai, Namiko, Koyuru Iwanami, Shingo Shimizu, Yasushi Uji, Shin-ichi Suzuki, Takeshi Maesaka, Ken-ichi Shimose, Paul R. Krehbiel, William Rison, and Daniel Rodeheffer. "3D Total Lightning Observation Network in Tokyo Metropolitan Area (Tokyo LMA)." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0778.

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The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience deployed a lightning mapping array (LMA) in the Tokyo metropolitan area in March 2017. Called the “Tokyo LMA,” it obtains detailed three-dimensional observations of the total lightning activity (cloud-to-ground and intracloud flashes) in storms. The network initially consisted of 8 receiving stations, expanded to 12 stations in March 2018. Real-time total lightning images were first opened on the webpage in Japan. Real-time observations from the Tokyo LMA will be used in nowcasting lightning hazards and mitigating lightning disasters. Archived data will be used to develop lightning prediction techniques and a lightning climatology for the Tokyo metropolitan area.

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44

Yi, Kil J. "In Search of a Panacea: Japan-Korea Rapprochement and America's "Far Eastern Problems"." Pacific Historical Review 71, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 633–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2002.71.4.633.

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The United States had three challenges in Asia in the mid-1960s: a hostile China, an assertive Japan, and a faltering South Vietnam. The Johnson administration's solution to these problems was to promote the normalizing of relations between its two vital Asian allies, Japan and South Korea. The two countries had refused to recognize each other diplomatically since the end of Japan's colonial rule over Korea after World War II. The acrimonious relations between Seoul and Tokyo weakened the containment wall in Northeast Asia while depriving Korea of Japanese investments, loans, and markets. These problems forced the United States to commit extensive military and economic assistance to Korea. As expected, a Tokyo-Seoul rapprochment buttressed the West's bulwark against communist powers in the region and hindered a potential Beijing-Tokyo reconciliation. It opened the road for Japan's economic penetration into Korea and enabled Seoul to receive Tokyo's help in economic development. Reassured by the friendship between Korea and Japan, Washington forged an alliance with Seoul in the Vietnam War. Between 1965 and 1973 Korea dispatched 300,000 soldiers in Vietnam, making it the second largest foreign power in support of Saigon. The Korea-Japan rapprochment proved to be a powerful remedy for America's problems in Asia.

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Midorikawa, Saburoh. "Strong Ground Motion of the 1923 Kanto, Japan Earthquake." Journal of Disaster Research 18, no. 6 (September 1, 2023): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0570.

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The 1923 Kanto earthquake (MJ=7.9) has great significance for seismic hazard assessments of the Tokyo metropolitan area, because it caused extensive damage to the area. To deepen our understanding of the strong ground motion of the Kanto earthquake, this paper reviewed studies on its observed strong ground motion and found that 1) seismic intensity VI on the Japanese scale (IX or X on the M. M. scale) was widely distributed in an area of approximately 8,000 km2, which is equivalent of that of the 2011 M9 Tohoku earthquake, 2) strong effects of soil amplification on ground motion were suggested by the correlation of the damage distribution with surface geology, 3) the restoration of the scaled-out seismogram indicated that the ground motion at the upland of Tokyo would be roughly 50 cm/s for maximum velocity and 50 cm for maximum displacement, and 4) the ground motion in the epicentral area is unclear, but would be roughly twice or more as strong as that at Tokyo.

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Office, Editorial. "JACIII Distinguished Editor & Outstanding Reviewer Awards 2022." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 26, no. 6 (November 20, 2022): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2022.p0873.

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The JACIII Distinguished Editor and Outstanding Reviewer Awards were established for the purpose to honor editors who have made a significant contribution to the growth of the JACIII in 2018 and to acknowledge reviewers who have made a significant contribution to reviewing in 2021. We express our deepest gratitude for their professional work, which we believe conductive to development of not only the JACIII but also scientific research. JACIII DISTINGUISHED EDITOR AWARD 2022 Bin Xin (Beijing Institute of Technology, China), Fei Yan (Changchun University of Science and Technology, China), Guohun Zhu (The University of Queensland, Australia), Jinhua She (Tokyo University of Technology, Japan), Keigo Watanabe (Okayama University, Japan), Luefeng Chen (China University of Geosciences, China), Tomohiro Yoshikawa (Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan), Tomomi Hashimoto (Saitama Institute of Technology, Japan), Yasufumi Takama (Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan), Zhen-Tao Liu (China University of Geosciences, China), and Zhihong Peng (Beijing Institute of Technology, China) JACIII OUTSTANDING REVIEWER AWARD 2022 Emi Yuda (Tohoku University, Japan), Kehan Chen (Changchun University of Science and Technology, China), and Weiwu Ren (Changchun University of Science and Technology, China)

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Tsuchikawa, Satoru. "The 35th NIR Forum (Japan)." NIR news 31, no. 3-4 (March 6, 2020): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960336020910081.

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This is a report about the 35th NIR Forum organized by the Japan Council for Near Infrared Spectroscopy held during the week of 18–20 November 2019 at Tokyo. The meeting was a big success, with 235 participants and 24 sponsors, 16 of whom exhibited their products.

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Sakai, Naotaka. "Towards a Japanese PAMA: The Japan Musicians' Medicine Conference." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2017.3030.

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Konno, Hajime. "VIII. Der Gastaufenthalt Otto Koellreutters in Tokio (1938/39): Eine Facette der Rezeption der nationalsozialistischen Staatslehre in Japan." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 141, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 333–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2024-0008.

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Summary The Schieder-Conze controversy questioned the relationship between the German academic community and the National Socialist government; however, research on how the Japanese academic community dealt with the German-Japanese alliance is still in progress. This study focuses on Toyowo Ōgushi, a Ministry of Education official who invited Professor Otto Koellreutter of the University of Munich to Tokyo as a Japanese-German exchange professor, and his academic friend Teiji Yabe, an assistant professor at the Imperial University of Tokyo. Ōgushi, whose mentor was the conservative constitutional scholar Uesugi Shinkichi, left the graduate school of the Imperial University of Tokyo, which had highly liberal and socialist tendencies. He studied constitutional law at the University of Jena between 1928 and 1933, where he was influenced by Koellreutter and Carl Schmitt. Upon returning to Japan, Ōgushi became a proponent of German National Socialist jurisprudence. Ōgushi and his former schoolmate Teiji Yabe invited Koellreutter to visit Tokyo. As a researcher of democratic theory, Yabe had become an assistant professor at the Imperial University of Tokyo, but he had moved to the University of Munich in 1936 to study under Koellreutter after becoming increasingly critical of parliamentary democracy. The Faculty of Law of the Imperial University of Tokyo, which retained liberal tendencies, was not entirely at ease with Koellreutter. Nonetheless, the Faculty of Law at the Imperial University of Tokyo conducted systematic research on the already established German National Socialist regime; moreover, its tone was not always critical, and it did not prevent the alliance between Japan and Germany as they moved towards war.

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Fujiwara, Akihiko, Yoko Sugawara, Atsushi Nakagawa, and Masaki Takata. "The 100 Years History of Crystallography in Japan." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087002.

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A century ago, crystallogtaphy ushered in the era of modern science & technology in Japan. The beginning of modern crystallography in Japan dates back to 1913. Torahiko Terada (Tokyo Imperial University) demonstrated X-ray diffraction[1] and Shoji Nishikawa (Tokyo Imperial University) reported on X-ray patterns of fibrous, lamellar and granular substances[2]. In 1936, Ukichiro Nakaya (Hokkaido University) successfully classified natural snow crystals and made the first artificial snow crystals. In the last half-century, developments in crystallography helped form thriving manufacturing sectors such as the semiconductor industry, the iron and steel industries, the pharmaceutical industry, the electronics industry, the textile industry, and the polymer industry, as well as a wide array of academic research.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tokyo (Japan)'

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