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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tol2'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Gostić, Monika. "Zebrafish as a model to study genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16446.

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Dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects between 5% and 12% of school-aged children. Individuals with dyslexia have difficulties in learning to read despite normal IQ levels and adequate socio-economical and educational opportunities. Dyslexia has a strong genetic component, but only a few candidate genes have been characterized to date. The KIAA0319 gene is a strong dyslexia candidate found to be associated with dyslexia in independent studies. The KIAA0319 genetic variants associated with dyslexia reside in a regulatory region. Studies in rat suggested that this gene is required for neuronal migration during early cortex formation. The KIAA0319-like (KIAA0319L) is a KIAA0319 homolog in structure and has recently been shown to play a role in dyslexia. I used zebrafish as a model organism both to study the effects of non-coding variants and to characterise kiaa0319 gene function. I used Gateway Tol2 technology to study the role of regulatory sequences. While these experiments led to inconclusive results, they highlighted some of the challenges but also the feasibility of using zebrafish as model organism to study genetic associations. In parallel, I studied the kiaa0319 function with knockout and knockdown experiments. Additionally, I conducted a detailed gene expression analysis with different in situ hybridisation protocols showing kiaa0319 ubiquitous expression in the whole embryo before 12 hours post fertilisation, with later specification to the eyes, brain, otic vesicle and notochord. Additionally, I have tested for the expression of kiaa0319l and showed similar expression pattern to the kiaa0319, but with significantly lower expression of kiaa0319l in zebrafish notochord. My data show, for the first time, that kiaa0319 has stage-specific expression in the brain and notochord during zebrafish early development, suggesting kiaa0319 specific role in the development of these structures. These results are in line with recent mouse studies. With this project I support the idea of kiaa0319 role being extended beyond the brain function and propose a role for kiaa03019 in the visual system and in the notochord.

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2

Holmes, Peter. "Structure and mode of action of the TolA-TolB complex from Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cccb0c88-5c89-4d21-81eb-70ebf513c7ab.

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Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) across the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria are critical for mediating signal transduction pathways that underpin cellular homeostasis. The Ton and Tol Pal systems are two conserved, ancestrally related protein networks that are also required for bacterial pathogenesis. Both Ton and Tol-Pal traverse the periplasm to effect different functions at the outer membrane (OM). Tol-Pal is composed of a homologous complex of three inner membrane proteins, TolQ-TolR-TolA (linked to proton motive force) and two additional periplasmic proteins TolB and Pal. The physiological role of the Tol-Pal system is to stabilise the OM, however the mechanism involved is unknown. TolA is however known to form a crucial protein-protein interaction via its C-terminus with the disordered N-terminus of TolB. Prior to this thesis, determination of the molecular features underlying a protein-protein complex between TolA and an endogenous binding partner TolB had never been accomplished. In this work, I describe the first structure comprising the TolA-TolB complex from Gram negative bacteria. The structure of this complex was determined from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by solution NMR spectroscopy. I determined the interaction between P. aeruginosa TolA and a TolB N terminal peptide to be relatively weak using fluorescence anisotropy. I found that TolB interacts with TolA through an analogous mechanism to that seen in TonB-dependent transporters. Based on these studies and bioinformatics analyses, I hypothesize that the evolutionary resilience of the Tol-Pal system to external pressures is contingent on the preservation of the TolA-TolB interface. Structure-based mutations within the TolA-TolB complex were also evaluated for their effect on in vivo function of the Tol-Pal complex and impact on complex formation in vitro. Taken together, the results demonstrate that protein networks which transduce energy to the OM through PMF-dependent systems in bacterial cells appear to follow a common β-strand augmentation mechanism.

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3

Cassels, Eoin. "Characterisation of the E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa TolA-TolB interaction." Thesis, University of York, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3890/.

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The Tol-Pal complex of Gram-negative bacteria is a highly conserved family of interacting proteins that span the periplasm, from inner to outer membrane. Despite decades of work on this protein complex, only the structure of a small part of the Tol complex in E.coli (TolB, Pal, TolB-Pal complex, TolA domain 3) as well as part of TolA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been resolved, and the native function of the Tol-Pal system remains elusive. A key interaction of the Tol-Pal system is between TolA and TolB. These two proteins bridge the periplasm, linking the inner membrane complex of TolQ, TolR and TolA with the outer membrane through the outer membrane bound Pal and periplasmic TolB. The structure of the TolA-TolB complex is not known, and although the TolA binding epitope of TolB has been localised to the intrinsically disordered N-terminus of TolB, the binding site on TolA is also unknown (Bonsor et al. 2009). The aim of this work is to address a number of questions regarding a fundamental part of the Tol-Pal system: the interaction between TolA and TolB. This thesis reports that not only is the short 22 residue N-terminus of TolB important for its interaction with TolA domain 3, but that it is the sole site of interaction between E.coli TolA and TolB. This was shown by engineering the E.coli TolB N-terminus onto another protein to create a novel interaction with E.coli TolA. In addition, a synthetic peptide of the N-terminus of TolB binding TolA can recapitulate and serve as a model for the native interaction. This work also reports that the TolA-TolB interaction is conserved between Pseudomonas aeruginosa TolA and TolB, and that the N-terminus is also important for this interaction, the first work to suggest this. Finally, through use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, residues perturbed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa TolA domain 3 through the binding of a synthetic peptide representing Pseudomonas aeruginosa TolB have been mapped onto the TolA protein to determine the potential binding site of TolB on TolA, something which until now has been unknown.

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4

Smerk, Cari L. "P1 Bacteriophage and Tol System Mutants." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1182462962.

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5

Lazar, Ashley T. "Group A Colicin Specific Residues in Domain III of the Escherichia coli TolA Protein." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1404315005.

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6

Keller, Kimberly L. "THE TONB AND TOLA TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAINS: CONTRIBUTIONS OF NON-ESSENTIAL SIDE-CHAINS TO ENERGY TRANSFER SPECIFICITY." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1162416859.

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7

Pommier, Stéphanie. "Le système Tol-Pal : l'intégrité membranaire et les interactions entre TolA, colicine A et G3p, protéine de capside des phages filamenteux." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22070.pdf.

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8

Teleha, Mary A. "The Significance of the N-terminal Region of TolQ in Maintaining Tol-associated Energy-dependent Functions and Cell Division in Escherichia coli." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1237488399.

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9

Weber, Alexander Norman Rainer. "Structural and functional studies of Drosophila toll and human toll-like receptors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615987.

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10

Scott, Georgia Clare. "The plants told us." Thesis, Scott, Georgia Clare (2008) The plants told us. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/43892/.

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The evolution of human culture has been entwined with the use of psychoactive plants for millennia. In contemporary Western culture, however, the use of psychoactive plants has been marginalised, to the point of heavy criminal penalties, although there is no evidence that prohibition has had any success in reducing the harm caused by their use. This thesis argues that the basis for this intolerance lies in the dualistic paradigm fundamental to Western thought. In this thesis, I discuss the persecution of witchcraft and the links between this and dualism, and suggest the modern day “War on Drugs” to be reminiscent of a witch-hunt. I then use a case study of an Amazonian psychoactive decoction to illustrate the illegitimacy of the contemporary Western perception of such substances by providing a compelling account of its tradition and contemporary beneficial uses. The final section of the thesis argues the importance of the ecological self to sustainability and suggests that its realisation could be achieved utilising the shamanistic methods discussed.

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McIlroy, Graham William. "Toll-7 and Toll-6 : central nervous system functions as Drosophila neurotrophin receptors." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3098/.

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The Drosophila Toll receptor is crucial for dorsoventral patterning in embryos, and for innate immunity. Toll also functions during central nervous system development, promoting neuronal survival and targeting. There are nine Toll paralogues in Drosophila, and it is unknown whether any of these also function in the CNS. Toll’s ligand, Spz, has an NGF domain. NGF is a vertebrate neurotrophin - a growth factor that regulates the development and function of the nervous system. Drosophila Neurotrophin 1 (DNT1), identified by homology to the vertebrate neurotrophin BDNF, and DNT2 are paralogues of spz. The three DNTs – DNT1, DNT2 and spz – are structural and functional homologues of vertebrate neurotrophins, and they promote neuronal survival, targeting and synaptogenesis in Drosophila. However, the receptors for DNT1 and DNT2 are unknown. Here, using a combination of in situ hybridisations and reporters that drive GFP expression, I investigate the expression of Toll paralogues in the Drosophila nervous system. By generating null mutant flies and gain-of-function transgenic flies, I examine genetic interactions between Tolls and DNTs. I also investigate the rolls of these receptors in adult locomotion, axon targeting and cell survival. Finally, in cell culture, I test whether DNTs can signal through Tolls to activate NFκB.

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12

Dewez, Sophie. "On the toll setting problem." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211104.

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In this thesis we study the problem of road taxation. This problem consists in finding the toll on the roads belonging to the government or a private company in order to maximize the revenue. An optimal taxation policy consists in determining level of tolls low enough to favor the use of toll arcs, and high enough to get important revenues. Since there are twolevels of decision, the problem is formulated as a bilevel bilinear program.<br>Doctorat en sciences, Orientation recherche opérationnelle<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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13

Fjellby, Per Kristian J. "Protocols for toll road systems." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23054.

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A problem in a tolling system like AutoPASS is the number of unidentified passages due to unreadable license plates. As a consequence money is lost for the toll road companies. A scheme is proposed that uses anonymous statistics to aid in the process of allocating resources for manual controls. Due to legal requirements for anonymity of data produced at toll plazas, a model that simulates the traffic frequencies on Norwegian roads is developed and implemented in Java. Using the toll plazas that make upMiljøpakken in Trondheim as a starting point, a simulation generatingthree months worth of traffic amounting to almost 460 MiB of data is performed. The simulated data were checked for its reliability and similarity with real data. Calculations based on an optimistic estimate on the number of AutoPASS subscriptions with rebated fares have shown that nearly 370 000 NOK are lost due to unidentified vehicles over the three months simulated. The outlined solution shows that toll plazaswith a higher number of unregistered passages can be identified and this information can be used in subsequent planning activities for the purpose of executing manual controls to reduce the losses.

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Carranza, Saravia César. "Biografía del Dr. Tola Pasquel." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/96803.

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15

Aboassale, Adel. "Sjukvården och kommunikation via tolk." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33420.

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Ng, Wing-suen Sammuel. "Electronic road pricing in Singapore : lessons for Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21213185.

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17

Teleha, Mary Ann. "Evidence for a Direct Link between the Tol-Pal Protein Complex and Gram Negative Bacteria Cell Division via an Interaction between TolQ and the Divisome Protein FtsN." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1370913242.

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18

Barresi, Ludovica. ""Told and not told": la memoria tra repressione e rivelazione nei romanzi di Kazuo Ishiguro." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12086/.

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La presente tesi analizza due romanzi di Kazuo Ishiguro: “The Remains of the Day” (1989) e “Never Let Me Go” (2005). L’obiettivo dell’elaborato è indagare sulla funzione ricoperta dal lavoro della memoria all’interno della narrazione, determinando se si tratti di uno strumento di repressione oppure di rivelazione per i due protagonisti. Il Capitolo I consiste in un profilo dell’autore e della sua produzione letteraria. Il Capitolo II affronta il rapporto fra memoria e letteratura, illustrando le forme con cui questi elementi possono entrare in contatto, fornendo una panoramica delle idee principali sulla memoria che possono essere rappresentate in un’opera letteraria e mostrando le forme da queste assunte all’interno della produzione di Ishiguro. Il Capitolo III presenta i romanzi oggetto della tesi, con un riassunto dettagliato, i profili dei personaggi principali, quadro spaziale e quadro temporale. Il Capitolo IV consiste nell’analisi del tema della memoria nelle due opere, prima singolarmente e poi operando un confronto. L’analisi determina come, in entrambi i romanzi, la memoria si configuri come uno strumento di repressione dell’identità e del passato delle voci narranti, che si svelano ai lettori solo involontariamente. La Conclusione riassume il lavoro svolto e, infine, Bibliografia e Sitografia concludono la tesi.

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Kuthy-Saenger, Juan Arturo. "Comparison study of the savings between a single and a double step toll systems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1899.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 48 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42).

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Fenosa, Bernadó Anna. "La proteïna TolC de "Klebsiella oxytoca"." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2514.

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TESI DOCTORAL:<br/><br/>L'objectiu principal de la tesi va ser estudiar els mecanismes implicats en la resistència a las fluoroquinolones en soques clíniques del gènere "Klebsiella", centrant els estudis en els mecanismes de reflux.<br/><br/>Els mecanismes que confereixen resistència als bacteris per un determinat antibiòtic poden ser diversos, des de la inactivació enzimàtica de l'antibiòtic, la modificació de la diana i mecanismes més generals com la disminució de la permeabilitat de la membrana i l'expressió de bombes de reflux. Les bombes de reflux són translocases que es situen a la membrana citoplasmàtica amb capacitat per expulsar fora del bacteri una gran varietat de substàncies mitjançant la força protó-motriu, pel que no requereixen la hidròlisi de l'ATP.<br/><br/>Pel que fa les bombes de reflux en bacteris Gram negatius s'ha vist que en <i>Escherichia coli</i> l'operó <i>acrAB</i> codifica per una bomba de reflux però no codifica per cap proteïna de membrana externa (OMP), s'ha descrit que és la proteïna TolC la que actua com a canal de mebrana externa. En el cas de <i>Klebsiella</i> es coneix el sistema de reflux AcrAB com el d'<i>E. coli</i> i en els estudis realitzats en aquest treball s'ha posat de manifest la presència d'aquesta bomba de reflux en les soques clíniques estudiades i la seva implicació en la resistència a les fluoroquinolones mitjançant mesures d'acumulació de ciprofloxacina, efectes de l'antibiòtic sobre el creixement i corbes de mort.<br/><br/>No es coneix quina és la proteïna formadora de canal de membranqa externa que està associada a la bomba de reflux AcrAB en <i>Klebsiella</i>. La cerca d'aquesta proteïna associada a la bomba de reflux va ser l'objectiu prinicipal d'aquesta tesi doctoral. Es va posar de manifest la presència de la proteïna TolC en una soca clínica de <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i>, de la qual es va determinar la seva seqüència i es va comparar amb la d'altres enterobacteris obetenint un elevat percentatge d'identitat, especialment amb la proteïna TolC de <i>Enterobacter aerogenes.</i><br/><br/>Una vegada coneguda la seqüència de la proteïna TolC de <i>K. oxytoca</i> es va realitzar una aproximació al model estructural de la proteïna obtenint una estructura molt similar a la descrita en <i>E. coli</i>. La diferència més destacable s'observà en les cadenes que s'estenen cap a l'exterior del bacteri, aquestes estructures tenen com a funció ser receptores de bacteriocines i fags, on TolC de <i>K. oxytoca</i> presentava una menor longitud. En l'estudi de sensibilitat a colicines s'observà la resistècnia a colicina E1 de la soca clínica de <i>K. oxytoca</i>, pel que la menor longitud de les cadenes exteriors de la proteïna TolC modifica la seva funció com a receptor de colicines. Estudis fisiològics realitzats en la proteïna TolC de K. oxytoca van demostrar que aquesta proteïna forma canals transmembrana en bicapes lipídiques artificials amb una conductància aproximada de 80 pS en KCl 1M i que presenta una forta selectivitat catiònica.

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21

Tolg, Boris [Verfasser]. "Teilnehmermobilität in zellularen Mobilfunknetzen / Boris Tolg." Aachen : Shaker, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1186587474/34.

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El-Amm, Lara A. (Lara Alexandre) 1979. "Risk management in toll road concessions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47918.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-84).<br>With a degrading road infrastructure and dwindling public funds, governments are turning towards the private sector to develop roads and finance them though toll revenues. However, these high stakes endeavors were not always successful; in other words, they were not able to provide a fair return to the sponsors and investors while guaranteeing the public welfare and satisfying the government interests. A review of the international experience of toll roads, with a focus on developing countries, suggests that if a thorough and pertinent risk management program is implemented by private concessionaires, with the support of the government, then many risks could be mitigated, thus reducing the exposure of both the private sponsor and the government. Thus, in this study, we suggest a three-step risk management process. This first step of this process consists of identifying and classifying the risks in toll roads, according to the milieu from which they stem (project, market, country); the second step is an investigation in an array of risk mitigation strategies that are relevant to one or more risk categories; finally, the third step is risk analysis which consists of accounting for risks when evaluating a project. In the last two chapters, we will embody major issues in risk management in two case studies: In the first case study, New Batinah Highway project, we focus on the value of flexibility in toll roads and in the second case study, Melbourne City Link project, we focus mainly on the role of project organization and financial structure in risk management. Finally, in the conclusion, we emphasize that the private sponsor cannot be the only player in the risk management process but government support and commitment are vital. Thus we redefine the role of the government and the role of the private concessionaire in the provision of toll roads.<br>by Lara A. El-Amm.<br>S.M.

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Helfgott, Michel. "El Dr. Tola y San Marcos." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/95591.

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Transcurría el año 1967 cuando los alumnos matriculados en el curso de Algebra Moderna en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) esperábamos el primer día de clases para conocer al Dr. José Tola Pasquel. Éramos conscientes -por referencia de alumnos de años superiores- respecto de la calidad de los cursos que impartía el Dr. Tola.

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Torres, Francisco J. "Economic evaluation of toll plaza operations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43062.

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The charging systems presently being used in toll facilities impose discomfort and inconvenience to patrons, in terms of delay and stops. This report presents an analytical method to estimate delay and stops in toll plazas. These variables are then utilized to evaluate user costs and toxic gases emitted in toll plazas. A large amount of information on highway user costs was collected and synthesized to be incorporated in this economic evaluation. Recommendations on the amount of toll that should be charged to take into account user costs induced by toll plazas are given in this report.<br>Master of Science

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Bai, Lihui. "Computational methods for toll pricing models." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006341.

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Aldrete, Sánchez Rafael Manuel. "Feasibility evaluation model for toll highways /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Koh, Toon Meng Andrew. "Toll competition in highway transportation networks." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8128/.

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Within a highway transportation network, the social welfare implications of two different groups of agents setting tolls in competition for revenues are studied. The first group comprises private sector toll road operators aiming to maximise revenues. The second group comprises local governments or jurisdictions who may engage in tax exporting. Extending insights from the public economics literature, jurisdictions tax export because when setting tolls to maximise welfare for their electorate, they simultaneously benefit from revenues from extra-jurisdictional users. Hence the tolls levied by both groups will be higher than those intended solely to internalise congestion, which then results in welfare losses. Therefore the overarching question investigated is the extent of welfare losses stemming from such competition for toll revenues. While these groups of agents are separately studied, the interactions between agents in each group in competition can be modelled within the common framework of Equilibrium Problems with Equilibrium Constraints. Several solution algorithms, adapting methodologies from microeconomics as well as evolutionary computation, are proposed to identify Nash Equilibrium toll levels. These are demonstrated on realistic transportation networks. As an alternative paradigm to competition, the possibilities for co-operation between agents in each group are also explored. In the case of toll road operators, the welfare consequences of competition could be positive or adverse depending on the interrelationships between the toll roads in competition. The results therefore generalise those previously obtained to a more realistic setting investigated here. In the case of competition between jurisdictions, it is shown that the fiscal externality of tax exporting resulting from their toll setting decisions can substantially reduce the welfare gains from internalising congestion. The ability of regulation, co-operation and bilateral bargaining to reduce the welfare losses are assessed. The research thus contributes to informing debates regarding the appropriate level of institutional governance for toll pricing policies.

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Flack, Jenny Lynn. "How It Has Always Been Told." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1350.

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Gibbard, R. J. "Understanding the initial activation of Toll-like receptor 5 and Toll-like receptor 8 by their ligands." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599370.

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The precise mechanism by which TLRs recognise their ligands and lead to downstream signalling is currently largely unclear. The major aim of this work was to begin to understand the nature of the interaction between human toll-like receptors and their ligands, using biochemical, structural, cell biological and fluorescence imaging techniques. This research aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which two TLRs recognise their ligands; TLR5 and its bacterial protein ligand flagellin and TLR8 and its viral ligand ssRNA and a synthetic ligand, resiquimod. Initial studies were to express and purify the extracellular domain of the receptors to generate purified protein to study the receptor/ligand interactions by biophysical and structural methods. Creating sufficiently pure protein in the baculovirus expression system was unachievable due to the fairly low levels of expression and the inability of insect cells to secrete the recombinant proteins. Alternative approaches to study the receptor/ligand interactions were pursued using cell based systems. This included the use of NF-κB reporter assays to study receptor activation in cells and fluorescent protein fusion receptors with confocal microscopy to determine the cellular localisation of the receptors in transiently transfected cells. Mutagenesis studies of TLR8 were also performed to determine residues that were critical for NF-κB activation and protein expression of these mutants was shown to be similar to wild-type receptors by microscopy. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was performed to look at possible receptor/receptor interactions before and after stimulation with ligand in live cells. Fluorescent ligands were able to show the likely interaction site of receptor and ligand in transiently transfected cells. All together these techniques lead to insights as to how and where these two TLRs interact with their ligands and possible models for receptor/ligand interaction can now be proposed.

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Choi, Hiu-wah. "The current status of demersal fishery resources in Tolo Harbour & Tolo Channel with implications for their management /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37118122.

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Choi, Hiu-wah, and 蔡曉華. "The current status of demersal fishery resources in Tolo Harbour & Tolo Channel with implications for their management." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013342.

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32

Chu, Hsing-Chung. "Implementing Truck-Only Toll Lanes at the State, Regional, and Corridor Levels: Development of a Planning Methodology." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19851.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.<br>Committee Chair: Dr. Michael D. Meyer; Committee Member: Dr. Adjo Amekudzi; Committee Member: Dr. Chelsea C. White; Committee Member: Dr. Laurie Garrow.

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Ng, Wing-suen Sammuel, and 伍永璇. "Electronic road pricing in Singapore: lessonsfor Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952288.

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Xiao, Feng. "Game-theoretic models for competitive pricing and network design problems /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202007%20XIAOF.

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Kekana, Robert Dipitseng. "An economic impact assessment of toll roads, with specific reference to the impact on alternative roads between the Pumulani and Hammanskraal toll gates." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04172007-155642.

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Chung, Wah-fan Raymond. "Electronic road pricing : speaking truth to power /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575849.

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Brentano, Ackermann Fabia. "Toll-like receptor signalling in rheumatoid arthritis /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000281181.

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Offord, Victoria Anne. "Toll-like receptors : from sequence to structure." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669195.

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Busam, Arvind Kumar. "Optimization of waiting time at toll plazas." FIU Digital Commons, 2005. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1898.

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Toll plazas have several toll payment types such as manual, automatic coin machines, electronic and mixed lanes. In places with high traffic flow, the presence of toll plaza causes a lot of traffic congestion; this creates a bottleneck for the traffic flow, unless the correct mix of payment types is in operation. The objective of this research is to determine the optimal lane configuration for the mix of the methods of payment so that the waiting time in the queue at the toll plaza is minimized. A queuing model representing the toll plaza system and a nonlinear integer program have been developed to determine the optimal mix. The numerical results show that the waiting time can be decreased at the toll plaza by changing the lane configuration. For the case study developed an improvement in the waiting time as high as 96.37 percent was noticed during the morning peak hour.

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Told, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Gyrokinetic microturbulence in transport barriers / Daniel Told." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1028862253/34.

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Maroun, Nabih. "Toll-quality speech coding at 8 kbs." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56802.

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There has been an ongoing effort to achieve very high quality speech coding at medium transmission bit rates. Consequently, the TIA has chosen the Vector SUM Linear Predictive (VSELP) implementation of an 8 kb/s coder to be the standard for North-American cellular digital telephony. However, it was only recently that, in view of the increased research focus on developing toll-quality speech coding at such bit rates, the CCITT has imposed a set of specifications for standardizing low-delay coders operating at 8 kb/s. The Low-Delay Code Excited Linear Predictive (LD-CELP) suggested by Chen is presently the only potential candidate for CCITT standardization, achieving a one-way coding delay of 10 ms. However, just like the VSELP coding algorithm, the 8 kb/s LD-CELP version does not quite yield toll-quality reconstructed speech. The purpose of the work in this thesis is to establish the minimum requirements for a coding structure capable of generating toll-quality coded speech at 8 kb/s. The purpose of this thesis is to show that, by slightly relaxing the coding delay constraint, perceptual enhancement techniques yield toll quality coding after redesigning and fine-tuning the optimization and quantization procedures of a CELP coder.

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Nezamuddin, Nezamuddin. "DEVELOPING MICROSCOPIC TOLL PLAZA MODEL USING PARAMICS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2867.

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Simulation modeling is the most cost-effective way of studying real life transportation problems, either existing or anticipated, without disturbing the balance of the transportation system. There is a vast suite of simulation models available in market, ready to choose from macroscopic, mesoscopic, or microscopic in nature, to study different transportation system elements like freeways, highways, signalized and un-signalized intersections. However, most of these network simulation models, like PARAMICS, VISSIM, CORSIM  etc, do not come readily available with built in toll plaza models. On the other hand, many researchers have independently developed toll plaza models, which can only model an isolated toll plaza without the road network. These toll plaza models, which are based on queuing theory (and some are macroscopic in nature), do not take into account headway, gap acceptance, or inter-vehicle interaction to follow a lead car or to perform lane changing maneuvers. Vehicles just upstream of the toll plaza are assigned to one of the toll lanes, solely based on the payment method (manual, automatic coin machine, or electronic toll collection) and queue lengths at the toll lanes. For instance, if a vehicle is traveling in the leftmost lane and the rightmost toll lane has the shortest queue length, then the queuing model will assign this vehicle to the rightmost lane, and the vehicle will do unrealistic maneuvering to reach to the assigned toll lane instantly. Microscopic network simulation models simulate the vehicular movements based on lane-changing and car-following rules. If such a model could be customized to serve the purpose of the toll plaza simulation, it will simulate the vehicular movements just upstream and downstream of the toll plaza more realistically. Being a network simulation model, it can also model the road network integrated with the plaza, which can be used to study the entire toll road corridor, unlike the isolated toll plaza models. In addition to being a microscopic network simulation model, PARAMICS has many simulation tools, which can be customized to develop a network model with enhanced toll plaza simulation capabilities. PARAMICS also provides the flexibility of using an aerial picture of the toll plaza and upstream/downstream sections of the road as overlay, to ensure that the toll plaza model operates under similar geometric conditions as the real plaza. Using an overlay, exact details of the transition area can be fed into the model. In real life, there is a smooth transition (in terms of the number of lanes and the width of the roadway) from the uniform free-flowing section of the roadway to the toll plaza. Detailed representation of the transition area, in terms of geometry and curb of the roadway along with the number of lanes, is essential for a realistic toll plaza simulation. This kind of detail is not available in a queuing model. As the roadway approaches the toll plaza, it contains more lanes compared to its upstream segments. However, in a simulation model vehicles have a tendency to maintain the same old lanes, and the newly added lanes remain unoccupied by the vehicles. Next-lane Allocation feature in PARAMICS can be used to map upstream lanes onto downstream lanes, preventing this unrealistic behavior from occurring in the simulation model. It tells the vehicles in a particular upstream lane to choose from one or more of the downstream lanes as per the settings. Next-lane allocation can be used in such a manner that all the downstream lanes are utilized. PARAMICS has several other tools such as Restrictions Manager, Vehicle Type Manager, Lane-choices Rules, HOV Lanes, and Vehicle Actuated (VA) Signals which can be used in combination to build a toll plaza model. A microscopic 'Holland East Plaza - SR408' network model has been developed using PARAMICS V5.1. This model contains the plaza and the downstream section of SR 408 Westbound till I-4 interchange in downtown Orlando. This model has been successfully calibrated and validated for the mainline toll plaza and ramp volumes for year 2004. Several hypothetical incident scenarios were simulated to study an entire corridor from the toll plaza to Interstate 4. It was found that the volumes on I-4 off-ramp and SR 408 mainline were affected the most under incident conditions. Volumes for other ramps were not affected in the same proportions. An incident on mainline toll road affected the throughput of the plaza significantly, but the same is not true for an incident on an off-ramp. Travel times to I-4 off-ramps and SR 408 thru lanes were the most sensitive in each of the incident scenarios. In case of the elimination of tolls during the hurricane evacuation, the throughput of the plaza increased significantly. Travel times for the vehicles coming through the plaza and going to different destinations decreased significantly, while it increased for vehicles using on-ramps, because of their inability to merge in the mainline traffic due to the increased toll road volume. The developed model in this thesis has the potential of transportation network wide applications with multiple toll plazas.<br>M.S.<br>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Civil Engineering

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Ward, Jonathan Robert. "Toll-like receptor control of cardiovascular inflammation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425206.

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Lewis, Miranda Faye. "Dissecting the molecular mechanism of toll signalling." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707987.

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Caldwell, Denise. "Compassion Fatigue| When Caring Takes a Toll." Thesis, McKendree University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13860748.

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<p> Compassion fatigue is of significant concern in critical care settings. Nurses experiencing compassion fatigue suffer physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that impact them professionally and personally. When nurses suffer from compassion fatigue, patient care is negatively impacted as nurses lose their sense of caring, compassion and ability to relate to patients or meet their needs resulting in reduced patient outcomes and satisfaction scores. Compassion fatigue prevention programs must be implemented to educate nurses and nurse leaders regarding risk factors, symptoms, and interventions to prevent and treat compassion fatigue. </p><p> Development of a compassion fatigue training (CFT) module occurred to address these concerns at a local healthcare organization. Great care was taken to develop an effective training module. Partnerships were formed. The education department director, staff, and unit managers were valuable resources, assisting with the development and implementation of the CFT module. The plan consisted of: </p><p> • Administration of a Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) Scale to critical care and highrisk area nurses • Data analysis to determine specific education needs and address deficits • Creation of a CFT Module based on the ProQOL Scale results • Assignment of CFT and deployment of the module in the HealthStream system • Nurse completion of CFT • Post training evaluation of learning • Analysis of evaluation data and summary of learning </p><p> After completion of the CFT module, nurses concluded with a post quiz. Passing scores of 80% were required for successful accomplishment of CFT. All participants achieved the required score and demonstrated meaningful understanding of compassion fatigue, risk factors and interventions through successful completion of a post training quiz. A learning evaluation was available to the nurses to appraise effectiveness of the training and achievement of module objectives. Nurses reported knowledge acquisition regarding compassion fatigue, symptom recognition, coping, and resources. Nurses were able to enumerate coping mechanisms and resources for assistance. They responded that CFT provided valuable information and reported they would use the knowledge and skills gained to secure work-life balance. CFT promoted improvements in career satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress levels. CFT must become part of an ongoing measure to ensure staff are receiving instruction necessary to manage the effects of compassion fatigue.</p><p>

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Irvine, Katherine Lucy. "The pharmacology of equine toll-like receptors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608103.

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Yeich, Adam J. "The Only Thing He Never Told Them." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1523541606763861.

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Boudrie, Emma, and Viklund Agnes Norman. "Tolk i mötet mellan sjuksköterska och patient." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2622.

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Bakgrund: Svensk lag bygger på god hälsa och vård på lika villkor för hela befolkningen. Dagens mångkulturella samhälle ställer krav på sjukvården när det kommer till att erbjuda likvärdig vård till alla även till de som inte behärskar språket. Sjukvården ska bedrivas personcentrerat, personcentrerad omvårdnad kräver att sjuksköterska och patient förstår varandra. Därför är det sjuksköterskans professionella ansvar att i mötet med mångkulturen använda tolk för att säkerställa personcentrerad omvårdnad och säker vård. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan använder tolk i mötet med patienten inom hälso- och sjukvård Metod: Litteraturöversikt valdes som metod. Databassökningar för vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes i Pubmed och CINAHL, 16 artiklar valdes för granskning och analys. Resultat: Två huvudrubriker framkom; sjuksköterskans användning av tolk i mötet med patienten samt faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans användning av tolk i mötet med patienten. Under huvudrubrikerna presenteras underrubrikerna; etablera en relation, användning för att genomföra omvårdnad, tolkanvändning för speciella situationer, användning av personal som tolk, användning av närstående som tolk, okunskap och fördomar samt organisatoriska faktorer. Slutsats: Språkbarriärer genererar svårigheter för sjuksköterskan i mötet med patienter som inte behärskar språket vilket kan leda till brister i omvårdnaden samt osäker vård. Det är därför av vikt att problemet belys samt att mer information och utbildning implementeras för att komma till rätta med problematiken då det är sjuksköterskans ansvar att tillgodose personcentrerad omvårdnad till hela befolkningen.

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Greene, Jennifer A. "Toll-like Receptor Polymorphisms and Cerebral Malaria." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1270153850.

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50

Katz, Lev. "Toll-like receptor 6 in Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12131.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University<br>Increasing evidence suggests that much of the neurotoxicity seen in Alzheimer’s disease is due to activation of pro-inflammatory cascades of microglia upon binding to Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Such cascade also promotes Aβ production and reduces Aβ clearance leading to increased Aβ accumulation. As these self- damaging processes participate in the progression of Alzheimer’s, research has been aimed at understanding how such activation occurs. Previous studies have shown that different receptors of the innate immune system bind to Aβ and activate distinctive signaling cascades in microglia. One way by which microglia recognize Aβ is through a heterodimer of three cell-surface receptors, Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4), Toll Like Receptor 6 (TLR6) and the class B scavenger receptor type II. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TLR6 deficiency is associated with reduced Aβ accumulation. For this purpose, we quantified fibrillar Aβ deposits (plaques) in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease in comparison to 5xFAD mice with partial deficiency in TLR6 at the age of 5 months. Our data show that 5xFAD mice heterozygous for TLR6, exhibit a statistically significant reduction in the total number of plaques and in the surface area covered by such plaques in the cortex. Additional research is needed to confirm these results and provide a mechanistic explanation for these findings.

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