Academic literature on the topic 'Tolerance value'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tolerance value"
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Embree, Lester. "Tolerance Reflectively Analyzed [La tolerancia analizada reflexivamente]." Analysis. Claves de Pensamiento Contemporáneo 21, no. 5 (2018): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2559579.
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Tolerance is analyzed first by distinguishing the cultural attitude termed “tolerating” from the specific attitudes of others that are tolerated. Next the roles of believing; of three types of valuing in two combinations; and of the neutral willing characteristic of this practical cultural attitude of tolerating are clarified. Finally, some remarks are offered about how the tolerating of attitudes in others might sometimes be justified for new as well as old cases.
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Jin, Qiu, and Shao Gang Liu. "Concurrent Tolerancing Design Based on Time Value of Manufacture-Quality Loss Cost." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 2598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.2598.
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The traditional manufacturing cost-tolerance function is improved from the point of view of the time value of money, and this makes manufacturing cost in tolerances design more actual. A comprehensive mathematic model is constructed for the concurrent tolerance optimal design based on the time value of manufacture-quality loss cost. Purpose of the establishment of the model is equivalent calculation for cost-tolerance function and quality loss function of different time points, so as to make them calculated in the same time point, and concurrent tolerance optimal design is achieved. This modified model’s validity is proven by an illustrative example.
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Л., М. Єфименко. "ВИХОВАННЯ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕДАГОГІВ". Теорія та методика навчання та виховання, № 43 (8 травня 2018): 115–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1243569.
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The article deals with the problem of communicative tolerance awareness training of future teachers during professional training at institutions of higher education. Communication structure is considered by selecting three interrelated components: communicative, interactive and perceptual. In the study, communicative tolerance is considered an important component of the educational process of training future teachers. It includes such personally meaningful characteristics as: tolerance to interlocutors regardless of their status, character, culture; empathy and goodwill in relationships; emotional stability; an ability to cooperate, dialogue; adequate self-esteem. The types of communicative tolerance according to Boiko are highlighted. They are explained in accordance with pedagogical activities. Personally meaningful features of communicative tolerance are revealed. In this regard, the author expects students to master knowledge about the value of tolerant communication during the educational process of pedagogical institutions of higher education. Students should have formed skills of tolerant interactions with all participants of the educational process, emotional willingness to dialogue, positive communication goals and as a result – transformation of communicative tolerance to an individual feature and including it in the system of personal values of future specialists.
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Inga, Kapustyan, and Yalanska Svitlana. "TOLERANCE AS A VALUE COMPETENT OF POLYCULTURAL COMPETENT OF THE MODERN TEACHER OF HUMANITE." Українська професійна освіта, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 85–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1172012.
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The article talks about tolerance as a componentof the key competenciesof the teacher in preparation for teaching in a modern school. Practical results of conducted seminars and trainings, surveys and questionnaires of students are presented. Singled out the basic directions andstages of tolerance towards others, described the concept of tolerance as in a general sense, namely as a weakening or absence of the possibility of reaction tosome unfavorable factors by reducing sensitivity to its effects and the individual level. Tolerance as value is revealed through the attitude to the way of life of others, their behavior, customs, feelings, ideas and beliefs as a condition of stability and unity of societies, especially those that are not homogeneous either in religious, ethnic or other social dimensions. We analyzed the main idea which is to some parents and teachers the idea that they should encourage their children and pupils to be tolerant may seem as obvious as the idea that they should encourage kindness and considerateness. Indeed, amongst parents and teachers of a liberal persuasion a concern to promote tolerance is likely to occupy a central place in their vision of moral education, for whatever else liberalism embraces, tolerance along withliberty are its central ideals. It may seem hardly worth adding that in a multicultural and multifaith society, tolerance takes on extra importance and becomes what has been called ‘a major aim in education’. It is defined that learning to be tolerant and respectful of others is key to being successful in life. Due to the fact that children mimic their parents, tolerance can be easily taught to a child from an extremely early age. Many parents are friends with people from different cultural backgrounds, and an easy way for parents to teach their kids to be tolerant is to learn and share more about the heritage of their friends. Sometimes, simply being educated about the customs, holidays, and beliefs of another person is enough to foster tolerance in a home. A lack of education can lead to stereotyping groups of individuals, and denying the qualities that make them unique. When a child learns to be open-minded about the various cultures, foods, people, and faiths surrounding them, the easier it will be for them to accept others when they get older. In order to prepare children to be open-minded individuals from a young age, there are a few things parents can do to help teach tolerance. First, parents must be careful of what they say around kids because children pick up on negative phrases and slurs almost immediately. This causes a child at school to think that it is okay to repeat hurtful words or comments to someone else because their parents used these worlds around them. Another important piece of information for parents to keep in mind, is making sure that they teach their children to respect themselves. Often times, a child who lacks self-esteem will treat others badly because they are not confident about themselves. Learning to respect others begins with a respect of one’s self, and that is one of the most essential keys to teaching tolerance to a young human being. So the importance of teaching tolerance as a valuable component of the life competence for аmodern teacher of Humanities.
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Zia, Ahmad, and Li Hong Qiao. "Parts Tolerance Allocation Based on Assembly Clearance Analysis and Product Functional Parameters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 163 (April 2012): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.163.116.
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Geometric tolerances are assigned to avoid parts rejection in a manufacturing process while ensuring fulfillment of intended function. Selection of tolerance value is an important task which affects the overall product cost and performance both. The significance of tolerance value is more evident in case of mating parts where the dimension of more than one parts share responsibility of successful assembly and design. The objective of this research is to determine appropriate tolerance value based on assembly clearance analysis which takes into account relationship between assembly clearance and product performance parameters. The study is conducted through CAD-CAE integrated finite element analysis (FEA) simulations of the product process model. The results output help in distinguishing different tolerance levels which can be further probed for optimal, using available manufacturing resource capability data. The research output is a more practical tolerance value achieved based on product performance analysis as well as available resources and appropriate cost. The results obtained validate the utility of the approach presented in this paper.
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Udalova, L. V., S. E. Gorshkova, and L. Ya Meshcheryakova. "Tolerance as a socially significant value." Economic and Socio-Humanitarian Studies, no. 3(31) (September 30, 2021): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24151/2409-1073-2021-3-138-147.
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Tolerance is comprehensively considered as a socially significant value, taking into account an interdisciplinary approach, the phenomena of tolerance, intolerance, and tolerance to uncertainty are determined. The importance of the formation of tolerance in the context of the spiritual and moral education of children and youth in the context of polyconfessionalism is revealed. The role of a preschool educational organization (leisure activity) in the implementation of purposeful work on the formation of personal and socially significant values of children and adults is shown.
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Gobble, Jo Anne, and Stephanie Newport. "Strategic Value of Mouse Click Tolerance." CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing 31, no. 3 (2013): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nxn.0b013e318289f25b.
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Panneer, R., and A. M. Jackson. "Comparative Analysis of Chosen Tolerance Stackup Methods and Development of an Improved Tolerance Analysis Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.954.
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The perception of Tolerance Analysis (TA)/Tolerance Stackup is imperative for every Design and Manufacturing Engineer because Tolerance is the criterion that should be compromised between the cost and function of a product. The literatures relevant to 15 methods of TA which are being used to determine Assembly Tolerance from Component Tolerances are collected and critically analyzed to gain an insight into the existing methods. Out of these methods, four major methods viz., Simulation Based Stack-Up Analysis, Second Order Tolerance Analysis, OpTol - Spatial Tolerance Analysis and Tolerance Analysis of 2D and 3D Assemblies are chosen for further study and comparative analysis. Based on the analysis and based on the identified merits and demerits of these methods, a framework for a new TA Method is developed. Based on the developed framework, a new TA Method using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is developed and trained which can predict the value of Assembly Tolerance for the known Component Tolerances.
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Rohilla, Minakshi. "Gestational diabetes mellitus and glucose tolerance test: Value of the values." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 187, no. 5 (2002): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mob.2002.128514.
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Orosz, Tamás, Krisztián Gadó, Mihály Katona, and Anton Rassõlkin. "Automatic Tolerance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Machines with Encapsuled FEM Models Using Digital-Twin-Distiller." Processes 9, no. 11 (2021): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9112077.
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Tolerance analysis is crucial in every manufacturing process, such as electrical machine design, because tight tolerances lead to high manufacturing costs. A FEM-based solution of the tolerance analysis of an electrical machine can easily lead to a computationally expensive problem. Many papers have proposed the design of experiments, surrogate-model-based methodologies, to reduce the computational demand of this problem. However, these papers did not focus on the information loss and the limitations of the applied methodologies. Regardless, the absolute value of the calculated tolerance and the numerical error of the applied numerical methods can be in the same order of magnitude. In this paper, the tolerance and the sensitivity of BLDC machines’ cogging torque are analysed using different methodologies. The results show that the manufacturing tolerances can have a significant effect on the calculated parameters, and that the mean value of the calculated cogging torque increases. The design of the experiment-based methodologies significantly reduced the calculation time, and shows that the encapsulated FEM model can be invoked from an external system-level optimization to examine the design from different aspects.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tolerance value"
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Knauff, Fritz Theo. "A revaluation of tolerance and toleration : a Selective Incorporation of Classical Conceptions of Tolerance." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60239.
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This dissertation aims to revitalise and revalue a currently disregarded conceptual field of tolerance, and explores the prospect of it - and its respective practice (toleration) - satisfying Nietzsche"s criteria of life-affirmation and flourishing. The project of revaluation undertaken within this dissertation entails an evaluative re-appraisal and a critically selective incorporation of the particular concepts of tolerance and toleration once highly esteemed during the Hellenistic period. This inquiry centres on the axiological, ethical and psychological perspectives on tolerance and toleration, whilst investigating their compatibility within a Nietzschean valuation. Considerations of a few overlapping epistemological perspectives which are apposite to the aforesaid are articulated. Including the effects on the affective and cognitive accompaniments to toleration, possible formulations of tolerance that undermine life-affirmation and flourishing are also considered from a meta-ethical perspective. In order to do so, a critical analysis of the incorporated aspects of tolerance and toleration is conducted in relation to resentment and ressentiment. The primary questions I address are: „what is it to tolerate?", „how would tolerance and toleration read within a Nietzschean valuation?‟, „what are the psychological - i.e. affective and cognitive - intricacies of tolerating and how do they feature in its procedure?", „what kinds of psychological attachment does one qua human being create in connection with the entities one tolerates?" and „are there possible psychological dangers regarding tolerance and toleration that a Nietzschean valuation can help identify?"<br>Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016.<br>National Research Foundation (NRF)<br>Philosophy<br>MA<br>Unrestricted
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Kwan, Kang-lun. "Adaptive stream filters for entity-based queries with non-value tolerance." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3884333X.
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Kwan, Kang-lun, and 關庚麟. "Adaptive stream filters for entity-based queries with non-value tolerance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3884333X.
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Altarazi, Safwan A. Cheraghi S. Hossein. "Operational tolerance allocation and machine assignment under process capability and product value constraints." Diss., Click here for available full-text of this dissertation via Current Research@Gateway, 2005.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering.<br>"May 2005." Title from PDF title page (viewed on August 2, 2006). UMI No.: AAT 3189235 Thesis advisor: S. Hossein Cheraghi. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 136-161).
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Williams, A. F. "Absorption, tolerance and utilisation of human milk constituents by preterm very low birth weight infants." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379962.
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Bellows, Abby Gail. "Delay Discounting, Reinforcing Value of Food, and Components of Metabolic Health." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83844.
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Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over one-third of US adults are obese. In order to assess causes of and treatments for obesity, researchers have evaluated a number of processes underlying health-related behaviors, one of which is delay discounting. Delay discounting is a cognitive process that describes the phenomenon by which individuals discount the value of a future reward compared to the value of an immediate reward. Researchers have associated delay discounting with drug addiction, alcoholism, and cigarette smoking. More recently, delay discounting has been studied with regards to health-related behaviors, such as body weight management, food intake, glucose control, and physical activity. While a number of studies have concluded that obese individuals tend to be greater discounters, the relationship between delay discounting and various health-related behaviors beyond smoking and drug use remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between delay discounting and diet quality, glucose tolerance, physical activity, and fasting vs. non-fasting conditions.
Methods: Sixty-five males (n=20) and females (n=45) were recruited for the present study. Participants completed two lab sessions: one under non-fasting conditions, and one under fasting conditions which involved measurements of body mass and composition, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, and health-related questionnaires. Delay discounting and food purchase tasks were completed at both visits. Participants were asked to complete a four-day food intake record and wear a physical activity monitor for four days.
Results: Lower rates of discounting were found in those who consumed more total vegetables, and lower food reinforcement was observed in those who spent less time sedentary and more time physically active, had greater dietary Restraint, and had a lower resting heart rate. There were no significant differences between discounting rates and food reinforcement across fasting and non-fasting conditions.<br>Master of Science
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Bancroft, Susan Anne. "Violence prevention: Teaching peace, tolerance, caring, and the value of all life to the eighth grade language arts student." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1290.
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Martin, Haydn Llewellyn Herbert. "A quantitative investigation into the determinants of risk capacity." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/22780.
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Mestrado Bolonha em Mathematical Finance<br>For financial advisers, the Risk Profile is a crucial component of delivering the best possible experience to the client. This Risk Profile is composed of Risk Capacity, which relates to the socio-economic situation that the investor finds themselves in, and Risk Tolerance, which is associated with the psychological composition of the investor. Risk Tolerance is vague and of questionable use to the adviser in terms of determining the Risk Profile. Risk Capacity, conversely, can be measured objectively using data that is easy to obtain and process. Risk Capacity then, rather than Risk Tolerance, should be both the focus of academic research and the foundation of the Risk Profile. However, this is not true in reality. This project attempts to correct this misallocation of attention by quantita- tively assessing the determinants of Risk Capacity. It measures the effect that investment horizon, goals, net income, and net assets have on the ability of the investor to take risks using simulations via Monte Carlo methodology, mathematical derivation utilising prob- ability theory, and logical analysis. The conclusions of this project are that investors with a long investment horizon, small and flexible goals, small and stable expenses, and large and liquid net assets are able to take more risk. These findings have varied implications for advisers and supply the framework from which a model of Risk Capacity could be based on.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Arad, Cosmin Ionel. "Programming Model and Protocols for Reconfigurable Distributed Systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Programvaruteknik och Datorsystem, SCS, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122311.
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Distributed systems are everywhere. From large datacenters to mobile devices, an ever richer assortment of applications and services relies on distributed systems, infrastructure, and protocols. Despite their ubiquity, testing and debugging distributed systems remains notoriously hard. Moreover, aside from inherent design challenges posed by partial failure, concurrency, or asynchrony, there remain significant challenges in the implementation of distributed systems. These programming challenges stem from the increasing complexity of the concurrent activities and reactive behaviors in a distributed system on the one hand, and the need to effectively leverage the parallelism offered by modern multi-core hardware, on the other hand. This thesis contributes Kompics, a programming model designed to alleviate some of these challenges. Kompics is a component model and programming framework for building distributed systems by composing message-passing concurrent components. Systems built with Kompics leverage multi-core machines out of the box, and they can be dynamically reconfigured to support hot software upgrades. A simulation framework enables deterministic execution replay for debugging, testing, and reproducible behavior evaluation for largescale Kompics distributed systems. The same system code is used for both simulation and production deployment, greatly simplifying the system development, testing, and debugging cycle. We highlight the architectural patterns and abstractions facilitated by Kompics through a case study of a non-trivial distributed key-value storage system. CATS is a scalable, fault-tolerant, elastic, and self-managing key-value store which trades off service availability for guarantees of atomic data consistency and tolerance to network partitions. We present the composition architecture for the numerous protocols employed by the CATS system, as well as our methodology for testing the correctness of key CATS algorithms using the Kompics simulation framework. Results from a comprehensive performance evaluation attest that CATS achieves its claimed properties and delivers a level of performance competitive with similar systems which provide only weaker consistency guarantees. More importantly, this testifies that Kompics admits efficient system implementations. Its use as a teaching framework as well as its use for rapid prototyping, development, and evaluation of a myriad of scalable distributed systems, both within and outside our research group, confirm the practicality of Kompics.<br><p>QC 20130520</p>
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Arad, Cosmin. "Programming Model and Protocols for Reconfigurable Distributed Systems." Doctoral thesis, SICS, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-24202.
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Distributed systems are everywhere. From large datacenters to mobile devices, an ever richer assortment of applications and services relies on distributed systems, infrastructure, and protocols. Despite their ubiquity, testing and debugging distributed systems remains notoriously hard. Moreover, aside from inherent design challenges posed by partial failure, concurrency, or asynchrony, there remain significant challenges in the implementation of distributed systems. These programming challenges stem from the increasing complexity of the concurrent activities and reactive behaviors in a distributed system on the one hand, and the need to effectively leverage the parallelism offered by modern multi-core hardware, on the other hand. This thesis contributes Kompics, a programming model designed to alleviate some of these challenges. Kompics is a component model and programming framework for building distributed systems by composing message-passing concurrent components. Systems built with Kompics leverage multi-core machines out of the box, and they can be dynamically reconfigured to support hot software upgrades. A simulation framework enables deterministic execution replay for debugging, testing, and reproducible behavior evaluation for large-scale Kompics distributed systems. The same system code is used for both simulation and production deployment, greatly simplifying the system development, testing, and debugging cycle. We highlight the architectural patterns and abstractions facilitated by Kompics through a case study of a non-trivial distributed key-value storage system. CATS is a scalable, fault-tolerant, elastic, and self-managing key-value store which trades off service availability for guarantees of atomic data consistency and tolerance to network partitions. We present the composition architecture for the numerous protocols employed by the CATS system, as well as our methodology for testing the correctness of key CATS algorithms using the Kompics simulation framework. Results from a comprehensive performance evaluation attest that CATS achieves its claimed properties and delivers a level of performance competitive with similar systems which provide only weaker consistency guarantees. More importantly, this testifies that Kompics admits efficient system implementations. Its use as a teaching framework as well as its use for rapid prototyping, development, and evaluation of a myriad of scalable distributed systems, both within and outside our research group, confirm the practicality of Kompics.<br>Kompics<br>CATS<br>REST
Books on the topic "Tolerance value"
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Center, Ames Research, ed. Tolerating failures of continuous-valued sensors. Cornell University, Dept. of Computer Science, 1990.
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Rozov, N. S. T͡S︡ennosti v problemnom mire: Filosofskie osnovanii͡a︡ i sot͡s︡ialʹnye prilozhenii͡a︡ konstruktivnoĭ aksiologii. Izd-vo Novosibirskogo universiteta, 1998.
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Yaacov, Iram, and Inaugural Conference of the Josef Burg Chair in Education for Human Values, Tolerance and Peace (1997 : Bar Ilan University, Israel), eds. Erziehung zu Ethik, Toleranz un Frieden. Pädagogische Fakultät, Bar Ilan Universität, 2000.
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Nikitorowicz, Jerzy. Socjalizacja i wychowanie w zróżnicowanych wyznaniowo i etnicznie rodzinach Białostocczyzny. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Filia w Białymstoku, 1992.
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Halman, Loek, and Inge Josephina Petra Sieben. Respect man!: Tolerantie, solidariteit en andere moderne waarden. Celsus, 2011.
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Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Kommission zur Prufung Gesundheitsschadlicher Arbeitsstoffe., ed. Maximum concentrations at the workplace and biological tolerance values for working materials. VCH, 1990.
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Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Kommission zur Prüfung Gesundheitsschädlicher Arbeitsstoffe., ed. Maximum concentrations at the workplace and biological tolerance values for working materials, 1990. VCH, 1990.
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Forschungsgemeinschaft, Deutsche, and Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area., eds. List of MAK and BAT values: Maximum concentration at the workplace and biological tolerance values for working materials. VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tolerance value"
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Putruele, Luciano, Ramiro Demasi, Pablo F. Castro, and Pedro R. D’Argenio. "MaskD: A Tool for Measuring Masking Fault-Tolerance." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99524-9_22.
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AbstractWe present , an automated tool designed to measure the level of fault-tolerance provided by software components. The tool focuses on measuring masking fault-tolerance, that is, the kind of fault-tolerance that allows systems to mask faults in such a way that they cannot be observed by the users. The tool takes as input a nominal model (which serves as a specification) and its fault-tolerant implementation, described by means of a guarded-command language, and automatically computes the masking distance between them. This value can be understood as the level of fault-tolerance provided by the implementation. The tool is based on a sound and complete framework we have introduced in previous work. We present the ideas behind the tool by means of a simple example and report experiments realized on more complex case studies.
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Verma, Kamlesh, Raj Kumar, Aarju Sharma, et al. "Sandalwood: A Potential High-Value Tree Species for Salinity Stress Conditions." In Salinity and Drought Tolerance in Plants. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4669-3_29.
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Mostéfaoui, Achour, and Michel Raynal. "Signature-Free Broadcast-Based Intrusion Tolerance: Never Decide a Byzantine Value." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17653-1_13.
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Cao, Jiulei, Shaohua Li, Xiaoli Zhao, Qingsong Liu, and Xiaoyan Xing. "Study on Vehicle Clearance Tolerance and Extreme Value Based on 6σ." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0252-7_15.
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Ke, Jinlin, Xiongfei Lv, and Cuncun Jiang. "Tolerance Analysis Method of Aircraft Door Sealing Structure Based on Linear Simplified Model." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1876-4_100.
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AbstractAs a moving component of the aircraft, the sealing state of the door will directly affect the aircraft's pressurization level and aerodynamic performance. The existing analysis methods of sealing structures mainly consider the compression deformation and contact stress of the seals. However, in practical engineering applications, it has been found that the sealing performance of cabin door depends on the interaction between the sealing structure and the seal. On the one hand, the tolerance fluctuation and elastic deformation of the sealing structure will cause the deviation between the actual compression ratio of the seal from the theoretical value; On the other hand, the deformation caused by the resilience of the seal will change the tolerance distribution of the sealing structure. In this paper, based on the local linear simplification of loading curve of the seal, the calculation efficiency of the large-size sealing structure’s deformation is improved, so that the compression ratio fluctuation of the seal is converted into the deformation tolerance which is included in the tolerance simulation of the sealing structures to obtain the distribution characteristics of step difference value on the aerodynamic surface as well as the different compression states of the seal. The validity of this analysis method is confirmed by comparing with the commercial software calculation and the practical measured data of the aircraft door.
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Arad, Cosmin, Tallat M. Shafaat, and Seif Haridi. "Brief Announcement: Atomic Consistency and Partition Tolerance in Scalable Key-Value Stores." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33651-5_50.
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Humphreys, M. O. "The Value of Interspecific Hybridisation in Breeding for Improved Tolerance of Climatic Stress." In Developments in Plant Breeding. Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0966-6_49.
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Briellmann, T., H. Seiler, F. Hering, and G. Rutishauser. "The Oxalate-Tolerance-Value: A Diagnostic Tool for the Recognition of Stone Forming Patients." In Urolithiasis and Related Clinical Research. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7272-1_171.
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Wang, Yaying, and Jiahui Dou. "Emotional Analysis and Application of Business Space Based on Digital Design." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_55.
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AbstractAs social science and technology progressing, people pay more attention to themselves. Jewelry, whether as a daily design or exquisite art, deeply carries individual feeling. Commercial space design, as an important embodiment of tolerance and foil, could show its value and meet people's emotional needs. Based on jewelry store design, this paper studies the emotional design contained in digital commercial space to enrich the emotional experience in space design. Through the construction and design of jewelry store space, it can better convey the value and emotion of goods, and apply emotional elements to the layout, color and form of digital commercial space, so as to build a digital commercial space full of emotion and design [1].
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Arici, Hasan, and Volkan Ecesoy. "Role of Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests in Diabetes Mellitus." In Current Multidisciplinary Approach to Diabetes Mellitus Occurrence Mechanism. Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359104.6.
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The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) serves as a pivotal diagnostic tool and a measure of glucose metabolism dynamics in diabetes mellitus (DM). In clinical settings, the OGTT involves administering a standardized glucose solution to the patient after an overnight fast, followed by periodic measurements of blood glucose levels over several hours. This test is instrumental in diagnosing impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes mellitus by evaluating how effectively the body processes glucose. Diagnostic thresholds are established based on plasma glucose levels measured at specific time points during the test, with criteria including a fasting plasma glucose level of ≥126 mg/dL or a 2-hour plasma glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL following the glucose load indicating diabetes mellitus. Beyond diagnosis, the OGTT provides insights into glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, identifying early abnormalities in glucose regulation that may precede the onset of type 2 diabetes. It also aids in monitoring responses to therapeutic interventions aimed at improving glycemic control and managing diabetes-related complications. Despite its diagnostic value, the OGTT requires meticulous preparation, including fasting and multiple blood samples, which can be challenging for patients and healthcare providers alike. Alternative diagnostic methods such as the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test offer convenience but may not capture dynamic changes in glucose metabolism observed with OGTT. Therefore, the OGTT remains a cornerstone in clinical practice for assessing glucose tolerance, guiding treatment decisions, and enhancing the management of diabetes mellitus.
Conference papers on the topic "Tolerance value"
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Kuang, Xianyu, Guangwu Liu, and Qianwen Zhu. "Nested Simulation for Value-at-Risk with Precision Tolerance." In 2024 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc63780.2024.10838911.
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Bock, Peter, та James Reynolds. "Polysiloxane Based Spray-on Insulative Coating for Higher Operating Temperatures, and Better λ Value than Acrylic Spray-on or Spray-applied Foam Insulations". У CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11419.
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Abstract Polysiloxane is an inorganic polymer chemistry with superior properties including temperature tolerance and UV resistance in comparison to organic type polymer chemistries. New R&D efforts in ambient cure, third generation, polysiloxane technology eliminate existing issues of post cure polysiloxane coatings, including low film hardness, anti-corrosion properties & weathering resistance prior to post curing &gt;300 °F. Recent R&D efforts in polysiloxane matrix spray-on insulation have resulted in ultra-high-build and higher temperature capabilities to 400 mils DFT per coat and 750 °F respectively, producing results which exceed limitations of current spray-on insulation materials. Laboratory testing of these polysiloxane based materials confirms much higher temperature tolerances than acrylic spray-on products and insulation performance nearly equal to traditional block, batt and mat-type insulation materials.
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Gatti, Jean-Loup, Hugo Anthonioz, David Dayan, and Pierre Fruitet. "System Installation Disparity Between Theory and Practice." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1126.
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When the target value of functional geometrical specification is too tight, its cascade of tolerances is at the feasibility limit of production. In this case, the geometrical Tolerancing method loses its benefits and generates an excessive level of non-Conformity which induces additional costs that are not acceptable. The aim of this paper is first to introduce the background concerning chain of dimension method and tolerances capabilities based on test specimen results. Secondly, demonstrate ability to apply statistical calculation. Thirdly extend conventional chain of dimension in one dimension to multi-holes system installation. And, then analyze potential effect by stress evaluation. And confirm the demonstration of improvement on Tolerancing installation calculations, by onboarding all stakeholder (design, manufacturing, stress) early in design phase (interfaces maturation) and by analyzing more in detail installations constraints. This method should be applied first on "non-critical" junction, because it needs to be further matured and so it is not yet mature enough for primary structure and associated quality checks. In conclusion, as a result, it is possible to increase tolerance specification of parts and manage risks of non-assembly. In conclusion, tolerances for holes localization could be approximatively multiplied by two compared to basic calculation method.
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Prueter, Phillip E., Nathaniel G. Sutton, and Paul J. Kowalski. "Evaluating the Flaw Tolerance and Ductile Tearing Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16811.
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Abstract In general, austenitic stainless steels behave in a more ductile than brittle manner and do not typically experience a ductile-to-brittle transition like typical ferritic steels. Furthermore, the fracture toughness of austenitic stainless steels is ordinarily high, even at low temperatures, provided the material has not experienced any notable in-service degradation in fracture toughness. Often, it is more likely for an existing crack-like flaw in an austenitic stainless steel pressure vessel or piping component to experience ductile tearing than to initiate a brittle fracture. For this reason, the Level 3 ductile tearing analysis methodologies described in Part 9 of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, Fitness-For-Service (API 579) [1] are summarized in this paper and compared to conventional elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (based in the use of the failure assessment diagram, per API 579). Additionally, in this paper, a case study is summarized where identified crack-like flaws in an austenitic stainless steel reactor are analyzed for ductile tearing to gain perspective on the propensity of the existing cracks to cause a catastrophic failure of the pressure boundary. A conventional brittle fracture assessment is performed for comparison purposes using a lower bound fracture toughness value for stainless steel weldments, based on published data. These calculations account for primary stress (from internal pressure) and weld residual stresses. Understanding the fracture and ductile tearing resistance of austenitic stainless steel welds in pressure equipment is an important aspect of managing the risk associated with operating components that may be prone to crack initiation and propagation due to operational and environmental conditions. Relevant damage mechanisms include reheat (stress relaxation) cracking, high-temperature creep, thermal or mechanical fatigue, and stress corrosion cracking. Leveraging fracture mechanics-based fitness-for-service approaches, as discussed in this paper, for qualifying crack-like flaws can extend equipment life and minimize the need to perform costly repairs or component replacement.
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Biswas, Deepanjan, Adarsh Venkiteswaran, Sayed Mohammad Hejazi, Jami J. Shah, and Joseph K. Davidson. "Automated Iterative Tolerance Value Allocation and Analysis." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60145.
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Dimensional variation is inherent in manufacturing and it is impossible to attain exact nominal dimensions. Ideally, designer should accommodate this variation likelihood in design stage and define an allowable variation. This allowable variation is represented as tolerances and is either considered a bounded zone or a scaled allowable process standard deviation (e.g. 6 times standard deviation). The allowable tolerances are usually constrained by assemblability, functionality and manufacturing economics. Meeting these constraints simultaneously becomes a paramount task and designers usually never consider production economics when specifying tolerances. As a consequence rarely do the tolerances specified by product designer match that of the process designer. Automated tolerance value allocation can empower the product designer to include all the constraints at the design phase and reduce the overall time line between development to production. Automated tolerance allocation method described in this paper is intended for use by the designer and encompasses only 1st order tolerancing. The Critical stack detection/loop detection tool extracts the assembly level stacks that dictate assemblability. The allocation tool utilizes these stacks to distribute tolerance budget by a rule of thumb. These stacks are subjected to variation analysis to compute acceptance rates and used as feedback for iterative reallocation using a hill climbing optimization algorithm till statistical fit requirements are satisfied or allocation gets exhausted. The algorithm is tested on some case studies and presented in the paper.
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Chitale, Aniket N., Joseph K. Davidson, and Jami J. Shah. "Statistical Tolerance Analysis With Sensitivities Established With Tolerance-Maps." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85108.
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The purpose of math models for tolerances is to aid a designer in assessing relationships between tolerances that contribute to variations of a dependent dimension that must be controlled to achieve some design function and which identifies a target (functional) feature. The T-Maps model for representing limits to allowable manufacturing variations is applied to identify the sensitivity of a dependent dimension to each of the contributing tolerances to the relationship. The method is to choose from a library of T-Maps the one that represents, in its own local (canonical) reference frame, each contributing feature and the tolerances specified on it; transform this T-Map to a coordinate frame centered at the target feature; obtain the accumulation T-Map for the assembly with the Minkowski sum; and fit a circumscribing functional T-Map to it. The fitting is accomplished numerically to determine the associated functional tolerance value. The sensitivity for each contributing tolerance-and-feature combination is determined by perturbing the tolerance, refitting the functional map to the accumulation map, and forming a ratio of incremental tolerance values from the two functional T-Maps. Perturbing the tolerance-feature combinations one at a time, the sensitivities for an entire stack of contributing tolerances can be built. For certain classes of loop equations, the same sensitivities result by fitting the functional T-Map to the T-Map for each feature, one-by-one, and forming the overall result as a scalar sum. Sensitivities help a designer to optimize tolerance assignments by identifying those tolerances that most strongly influence the dependent dimension at the target feature. Since the fitting of the functional T-Map is accomplished by intersection of geometric shapes, all the T-Maps are constructed with linear half-spaces.
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Korobova, Irina Vladimirovna. "Tolerance as the value component of education." In International Research-to-practice conference, chair Elena Aleksandrovna Shkatova. Publishing house Sreda, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-569.
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MINNULLINA, Elina, and Zhanna VAVILOVA. "Tolerance as Core Value and Communication Principle." In 8th LUMEN International Scientific Conference Rethinking Social Action. Core Values in Practice | RSACVP 2017 | 6-9 April 2017 | Suceava – Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.rsacvp2017.48.
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Ardiyanto, Antonius, Joko Wiyoso, Totok Sumaryanto Florentinus, Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi, and Suminto A. Sayuti. "The Value of Tolerance in Javanese Karawitan." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Arts and Culture (ICONARC 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iconarc-18.2019.12.
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Wiyoso, Joko, Totok Sumaryanto Florentinus, Tjetjep Rohendi Rohidi, and Suminto A. Sayuti. "The Value of Tolerance in Javanese Karawitan." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Arts and Culture (ICONARC 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iconarc-18.2019.66.
Full textReports on the topic "Tolerance value"
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Iyer, Ananth V., Steven R. Dunlop, Anmol Guram Singh, Mihir Bhatia, and Sazzadur Rahman. Developing a Business Ecosystem around Autonomous Vehicle Infrastructure in Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317088.
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INDOT will soon be embarking on infrastructure planning to accommodate autonomous vehicles. This new technology affords the ability to impact economic value creation across the supply chain in Indiana, as well as foster economic development in Indiana to support these emerging technologies. This proposal will be a first cut towards exploring the development of a strategy to realize this potential. Our proposal will consist of two phases. Phase 1: A focus on industry choices and plans that can inform INDOT choices. Phase 2: A focus on INDOT’s internal decision making, risk tolerance, and choices regarding infrastructure projects.
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Jander, Georg, Gad Galili, and Yair Shachar-Hill. Genetic, Genomic and Biochemical Analysis of Arabidopsis Threonine Aldolase and Associated Molecular and Metabolic Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696546.bard.
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Since the amino acids threonine and isoleucine can be limiting in mammalian diet and there is interest in increasing their abundance in certain crop plants. To meet this need, a BARD proposal was written with two main research objectives: (i) investigate new avenues for manipulating threonine and isoleucine content in plants and (ii) study the role of threonine aldolase in plant metabolism. Research conducted to meet these goals included analysis of the sub-cellular localization of threonine aldolase in the plant, analysis of metabolic flux in developing embryos, over- and under-expression of Arabidopsis threonine aldolases, and transcriptional and metabolic analysis of perturbations resulting from altered threonine aldolase expression. Additionally, the broader metabolic effects of increasing lysine biosynthesis were investigated. An interesting observation that came up in the course of the project is that threonine aldolase activity affects methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis. Further research showed that threonine deaminase and methionine gamma-lyase both contribute to isoleucine biosynthesis in plants. Therefore, isoleucine content can be altered by manipulating the expression of either or both of these enzymes. Additionally, both enzymes contribute to the up to 100-fold increase in isoleucine that is observed in drought-stressed Arabidopsis. Toward the end of the project it was discovered that through different projects, both groups had been able to independently up-regulate phenylalanine accumulation by different mechanisms. The Galili lab transformed Arabidopsis with a feedbackinsensitive bacterial enzyme and the Jander lab found a feedback insensitive mutation in Arabidopsis arogenate dehydratase. Exchange of the respective plant lines has allowed a comparative analysis of the different methods for increasing phenylalanine content and the creation of double mutants. The research that was conducted as part of this BARD project has led to new insights into plant amino acid metabolism. Additionally, new approaches that were found to increase the accumulation of threonine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine in plants have potential practical applications. Increased threonine and isoleucine levels can increase the nutritional value of crop plants. Elevated isoleucine accumulation may increase the osmotic stress tolerance of plants. Up-regulation of phenylalanine biosynthesis can be used to increase the production of downstream higher-value plant metabolites of biofuel feed stocks.
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Raj, Phani K. DTRS56-04-T-0005A Radiant Heat Attenuation by Clothing and Human Tolerance to Radiant Heat. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011869.
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A series of tests involving the exposing mannequins clothed with normal civilian clothing to a 10 ft. x 10 ft. LNG pool fire was conducted. Both single layer clothing and double layer clothing were used. The radiant heat flux incident outside the clothing and incident on the skin covered by clothing were measured using wide-angle radiometers, for durations of 100 s to 200 s (per test). The levels of heat flux incident on the clothing were close to 5 kW/m2. The magnitude of the attenuation factor (AF) (ratio of the outside radiant heat flux to that on the skin) was calculated. It is seen that AF varies between 2 and higher for ordinary cotton and polyester clothing (of thickness 0.286 mm to 1.347 mm). Values as high as 6 have been measured for clothes of thickness of 1.347 mm. Tests similar to the above were conducted to determine the attenuation factor when a single or multiple sheets of newspaper are interposed in front (about 5 cm) of the radiometer. Singe sheet newspapers reduce the heat flux to the radiometer by a factor of about 5 at a heat flux level of 5 kW/m2. Double sheets reduce the heat flux intensity by a factor of almost 8! The magnitude of the AF for newspaper sheets depends on the magnitude of the heat flux and thickness. It decreases linearly with increasing heat flux values and increases linearly with an increase in thickness.
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Krishnaswamy and Wilkowski. L51474 Brittle Fracture Initiation of Heavy-Wall Components. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010225.
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Pipeline valve bodies, fittings, flanges, and numerous other components are typically made of cast or forged low-alloy steels. The large wall thicknesses necessitated by the complex shapes of these components usually are not conducive to ductile fracture behavior. Nevertheless, there is a distinct need to have sufficient toughness in such components so that they will not be susceptible to catastrophic failure from defects that may remain after manufacturing and hydrostatic testing. The present practice for controlling toughness in such components consists of specifying arbitrary values of Charpy energy or percentage shear area at a given temperature to be determined on a coupon of the material made in a manner similar to the parent cast or forged component. These values are usually decided by agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer. This report describes experimental research aimed at correlating typical impact tests to more fundamental fracture mechanics tests using various available correlations and to predict full-scale fracture behavior of heavy-walled pipeline components using the fracture mechanics parameters obtained. The components examined in this research task are: (1) a 4-inch, 600 pound class valve, (2) a quarter section of a 24-inch Arctic grade valve, and (3) a 16-inch diameter by 0.75-inch wall, 45 degree elbow. Small-scale tests conducted on the 4-inch valve material were standard Charpy V-notch impact, precracked Charpy impact, precracked Charpy slow bend, dynamic tear, and three-point bend - J/COD tests. Only Charpy V-notch impact and J/COD tests were performed on the 24- inch Arctic Grade valve and the 16-inch elbow. This report describes a conservative approach to estimating failure stresses and tolerable flaw sizes to predict brittle fracture in heavy-wall components.
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Yoosef-Ghodsi and Zimmerman. L51879 Effect of Y-T Ratio on Mechanical Damage Tolerance for Strain-Limit Pipeline Design. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011057.
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This work investigates the effect of the yield-to-tensile strength ratio (Y/T) has on the mechanical damage tolerances of steel pipelines subject to high strain loading conditions. The work includes full-scale tests and the development of an analytical model for calculating longitudinal tensile strain capacity. The tests were designed to simulate the type of loading that occurs in a pipeline subjected to a �significant ground movement event, and they involved pressurized tension tests on short, full pipe sections that contained artificially-manufactured, circumferentially-oriented dent-gouge defects. A total of 26 tests were performed on pipe specimens with Y/T values ranging from 0.81 to 0/93 and Charpy toughness ranging from 64 to 115 J.
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Shani, Uri, Lynn Dudley, Alon Ben-Gal, Menachem Moshelion, and Yajun Wu. Root Conductance, Root-soil Interface Water Potential, Water and Ion Channel Function, and Tissue Expression Profile as Affected by Environmental Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592119.bard.
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Constraints on water resources and the environment necessitate more efficient use of water. The key to efficient management is an understanding of the physical and physiological processes occurring in the soil-root hydraulic continuum.While both soil and plant leaf water potentials are well understood, modeled and measured, the root-soil interface where actual uptake processes occur has not been sufficiently studied. The water potential at the root-soil interface (yᵣₒₒₜ), determined by environmental conditions and by soil and plant hydraulic properties, serves as a boundary value in soil and plant uptake equations. In this work, we propose to 1) refine and implement a method for measuring yᵣₒₒₜ; 2) measure yᵣₒₒₜ, water uptake and root hydraulic conductivity for wild type tomato and Arabidopsis under varied q, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the root zone; 3) verify the role of MIPs and ion channels response to q, K⁺ and Na⁺ levels in Arabidopsis and tomato; 4) study the relationships between yᵣₒₒₜ and root hydraulic conductivity for various crops representing important botanical and agricultural species, under conditions of varying soil types, water contents and salinity; and 5) integrate the above to water uptake term(s) to be implemented in models. We have made significant progress toward establishing the efficacy of the emittensiometer and on the molecular biology studies. We have added an additional method for measuring ψᵣₒₒₜ. High-frequency water application through the water source while the plant emerges and becomes established encourages roots to develop towards and into the water source itself. The yᵣₒₒₜ and yₛₒᵢₗ values reflected wetting and drying processes in the rhizosphere and in the bulk soil. Thus, yᵣₒₒₜ can be manipulated by changing irrigation level and frequency. An important and surprising finding resulting from the current research is the obtained yᵣₒₒₜ value. The yᵣₒₒₜ measured using the three different methods: emittensiometer, micro-tensiometer and MRI imaging in both sunflower, tomato and corn plants fell in the same range and were higher by one to three orders of magnitude from the values of -600 to -15,000 cm suggested in the literature. We have added additional information on the regulation of aquaporins and transporters at the transcript and protein levels, particularly under stress. Our preliminary results show that overexpression of one aquaporin gene in tomato dramatically increases its transpiration level (unpublished results). Based on this information, we started screening mutants for other aquaporin genes. During the feasibility testing year, we identified homozygous mutants for eight aquaporin genes, including six mutants for five of the PIP2 genes. Including the homozygous mutants directly available at the ABRC seed stock center, we now have mutants for 11 of the 19 aquaporin genes of interest. Currently, we are screening mutants for other aquaporin genes and ion transporter genes. Understanding plant water uptake under stress is essential for the further advancement of molecular plant stress tolerance work as well as for efficient use of water in agriculture. Virtually all of Israel’s agriculture and about 40% of US agriculture is made possible by irrigation. Both countries face increasing risk of water shortages as urban requirements grow. Both countries will have to find methods of protecting the soil resource while conserving water resources—goals that appear to be in direct conflict. The climate-plant-soil-water system is nonlinear with many feedback mechanisms. Conceptual plant uptake and growth models and mechanism-based computer-simulation models will be valuable tools in developing irrigation regimes and methods that maximize the efficiency of agricultural water. This proposal will contribute to the development of these models by providing critical information on water extraction by the plant that will result in improved predictions of both water requirements and crop yields. Plant water use and plant response to environmental conditions cannot possibly be understood by using the tools and language of a single scientific discipline. This proposal links the disciplines of soil physics and soil physical chemistry with plant physiology and molecular biology in order to correctly treat and understand the soil-plant interface in terms of integrated comprehension. Results from the project will contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the SPAC and will inspire continued multidisciplinary research.
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Zilberstein, Aviah, Bo Liu, and Einat Sadot. Studying the Involvement of the Linker Protein CWLP and its Homologue in Cytoskeleton-plasma Membrane-cell Wall Continuum and in Drought Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593387.bard.
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The study has been focused on proline-rich proteins from the HyPRP family. Three proline-rich proteins have been characterized with the CWLP as the main objective. We showed that this unique protein is assembled in the plasma membrane (PM) and forms a continuum between the cell wall (CW) and cytosol via the PM. While spanning the PM, it is arranged in lipid rafts as CWLP-aquaporin complexes that recruit PP2A-β”, as a part of PP2A enzyme, close to the aquaporin moiety where it dephosphorylates two crucial Ser residues and induces closure of the aquaporin water channels. The closure of water channels renders cells more tolerant to plasmolysis and plants to dehydration. This unique effect was observed not only in Arabidopsis, but also in potato plants over expressing the CWLP, suggesting a possible usage in crop plants as a valve that reduces loss of water or/and elevates cold resistance. The CWLP is a member of the HyPRP protein family that all possess structurally similar 8CM domain, predicted to localize to PM lipid rafts. In this study, two additional highly homologous HyPRP proteins were also studied. The GPRP showed the same localization and it’s over expression increased tolerance to lack of water. However, the third one, PRP940, despite sharing high homology in the 8CM domain, is completely different and is assembled in parallel to cortical microtubules in the cell. Moreover, our data suggest that this protein is not involved in rendering plants resistant to lack of water. We suggest implying CWLP as a tool for better regulation of water maintenance in crop plants.
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Iwara, MaryAnne. Hybrid Peacebuilding Approaches in Africa: Harnessing Complementary Parallels. RESOLVE Network, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2020.15.lpbi.
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Many of the most pressing conflicts across sub-Saharan Africa today—including violent extremism, sexual and gender-based violence, pastoralist/farmer conflicts, and criminal banditry—are shaped by local, community-level drivers. Despite these local drivers, however, international peacebuilding approaches often ignore or neglect bottom-up, grassroots strategies for addressing them. Often, international efforts to contribute to the prevention and management of local conflicts depend heavily on large-scale, expensive, and external interventions like peacekeepers, while under-investing in or by-passing traditional/customary mechanisms and resources that uphold locally defined values of peace, tolerance, solidarity, and respect. Recognizing that these traditional and customary practices themselves sometimes have their own legacies of violence and inequality, this policy note emphasizes the possibility of combining aspects of traditional peacebuilding mechanisms with international conflict management approaches to harness the benefits of both.
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Hutchinson, M. L., J. E. L. Corry, and R. H. Madden. A review of the impact of food processing on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in secondary processed meats and meat products. Food Standards Agency, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bxn990.
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For meat and meat products, secondary processes are those that relate to the downstream of the primary chilling of carcasses. Secondary processes include maturation chilling, deboning, portioning, mincing and other operations such as thermal processing (cooking) that create fresh meat, meat preparations and ready-to-eat meat products. This review systematically identified and summarised information relating to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the manufacture of secondary processed meatand meat products (SPMMP). Systematic searching of eight literature databases was undertaken and the resultantpapers were appraised for relevance to AMR and SPMMP. Consideration was made that the appraisal scores, undertaken by different reviewers, were consistent. Appraisal reduced the 11,000 initially identified documents to 74, which indicated that literature relating to AMR and SPMMP was not plentiful. A wide range of laboratory methods and breakpoint values (i.e. the concentration of antimicrobial used to assess sensitivity, tolerance or resistance) were used for the isolation of AMR bacteria.The identified papers provided evidence that AMR bacteria could be routinely isolated from SPMMP. There was no evidence that either confirmed or refuted that genetic materials capable of increasing AMR in non-AMR bacteria were present unprotected (i.e. outside of a cell or a capsid) in SPMMP. Statistical analyses were not straightforward because different authors used different laboratory methodologies.However, analyses using antibiotic organised into broadly-related groups indicated that Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to third generation cephalosporins might be an area of upcoming concern in SPMMP. The effective treatment of patients infected with Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to cephalosporins are a known clinical issue. No AMR associations with geography were observed and most of the publications identified tended to be from Europe and the far east.AMR Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria could be tolerant to cleaning and disinfection in secondary processing environments. The basis of the tolerance could be genetic (e.g. efflux pumps) or environmental (e.g. biofilm growth). Persistent, plant resident, AMR L. monocytogenes were shown by one study to be the source of final product contamination. 4 AMR genes can be present in bacterial cultures used for the manufacture of fermented SPMMP. Furthermore, there was broad evidence that AMR loci could be transferred during meat fermentation, with refrigeration temperatures curtailing transfer rates. Given the potential for AMR transfer, it may be prudent to advise food business operators (FBOs) to use fermentation starter cultures that are AMR-free or not contained within easily mobilisable genetic elements. Thermal processing was seen to be the only secondary processing stage that served as a critical control point for numbers of AMR bacteria. There were significant linkages between some AMR genes in Salmonella. Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes were associated with copper, tetracycline and sulphonamide resistance by virtue of co-location on the same plasmid. No evidence was found that either supported or refuted that there was any association between AMR genes and genes that encoded an altered stress response or enhanced the survival of AMR bacteria exposed to harmful environmental conditions.
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Blum, Abraham, Henry T. Nguyen, and N. Y. Klueva. The Genetics of Heat Shock Proteins in Wheat in Relation to Heat Tolerance and Yield. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568105.bard.
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Fifty six diverse spring wheat cultivars were evaluated for genetic variation and heritability for thermotolerance in terms of cell-membrane stability (CMS) and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction. The most divergent cultivars for thermotolerance (Danbata-tolerant and Nacozari-susceptible) were crossed to develop an F8 random onbred line (RIL) population. This population was evaluated for co-segragation in CMS, yield under heat stress and HSP accumulation. Further studies of thermotolerance in relations to HSP and the expression of heterosis for growth under heat stress were performed with F1 hybrids of wheat and their parental cultivars. CMS in 95 RILs ranged from 76.5% to 22.4% with 71.5% and 31.3% in Danbata and Nacozari, respectively. The population segregated with a normal distribution across the full range of the parental values. Yield and biomass under non-stress conditions during the normal winter season at Bet Dagan dit not differ between the two parental cultivar, but the range of segregation for these traits in 138 RILs was very high and distinctly transgressive with a CV of 35.3% and 42.4% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. Mean biomass and yield of the population was reduced about twofold when grown under the hot summer conditions (irrigated) at Bet Dagan. Segregation for biomass and yield was decreased relative to the normal winter conditions with CV of 20.2% and 23.3% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. However, contrary to non-stress conditions, the parental cultivars differed about twofold in biomass and yield under heat stress and the population segregated with normal distribution across the full range of this difference. CMS was highly and positively correlated across 79 RILs with biomass (r=0.62**) and yield (r=0.58**) under heat stress. No such correlation was obtained under the normal winter conditions. All RILs expressed a set of HSPs under heat shock (37oC for 2 h). No variation was detected among RILs in high molecular weight HSP isoforms and they were similar to the patterns of the parental cultivars. There was a surprisingly low variability in low molecular weight HSP isoforms. Only one low molecular weight and Nacozari-specific HSP isoform (belonging to HSP 16.9 family) appeared to segregate among all RILs, but it was not quantitatively correlated with any parameter of plant production under heat stress or with CMS in this population. It is concluded that this Danbata/Nacozari F8 RIL population co-segregated well for thermotolerance and yield under heat stress and that CMS could predict the relative productivity of lines under chronic heat stress. Regretfully this population did not express meaningful variability for HSP accumulation under heat shock and therefore no role could be seen for HSP in the heat tolerance of this population. In the study of seven F1 hybrids and their parent cultivars it was found that heterosis (superiority of the F1 over the best parent) for CMs was generally lower than that for growth under heat stress. Hybrids varied in the rate of heterosis for growth at normal (15o/25o) and at high (25o/35o) temperatures. In certain hybrids heterosis for growth significantly increased at high temperature as compared with normal temperature, suggesting temperature-dependent heterosis. Generally, under normal temperature, only limited qualitative variation was detected in the patterns of protein synthesis in four wheat hybrids and their parents. However, a singular protein (C47/5.88) was specifically expressed only in the most heterotic hybrid at normal temperature but not in its parent cultivars. Parental cultivars were significantly different in the sets of synthesized HSP at 37o. No qualitative changes in the patterns of protein expression under heat stress were correlated with heterosis. However, a quantitative increase in certain low molecular weight HSP (mainly H14/5.5 and H14.5.6, belonging to the HSP16.9 family) was positively associated with greater heterosis for growth at high temperature. None of these proteins were correlated with CMS across hybrids. These results support the concept of temperature-dependent heterosis for growth and a possible role for HSP 16.9 family in this respect. Finally, when all experiments are viewed together, it is encouraging to find that genetic variation in wheat yield under chronic heat stress is associated with and well predicted by CMS as an assay of thermotolerance. On the other hand the results for HSP are elusive. While very low genetic variation was expressed for HSP in the RIL population, a unique low molecular weight HSP (of the HSP 16.9 family) could be associated with temperature dependant heterosis for growth.