Relevant bibliographies by topics / Toll charging

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Toll charging'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Toll charging"

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Ge, Ying-En, Kathryn Stewart, Yuandong Liu, Chunyan Tang, and Bingzheng Liu. "Investigating boundary effects of congestion charging in a single bottleneck scenario." Transport 33, no. 1 (July 13, 2015): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2015.1062048.

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Many congestion charging projects charge traffic only within part of a day with predetermined congestion tolls. Demand peaks have been witnessed just around the time when the charge jumps up or down. Such peaks may not be desirable, in particular (a) when the resulting peaks are much higher than available capacities; (b) traffic speeding up to get into the charging zone causes more incidents just before the toll rises up to a higher level; or (c) traffic slowing down or parking on the roadside decreases road traffic throughput just before the toll falls sharply. We term these types of demand peaks ‘boundary effects’ of congestion charging. This paper investigates these effects in a bottleneck scenario and aims to design charging schemes that reduce undesired demand peaks. For this purpose, we observe and analyse the boundary effects utilising a bottleneck model under three types of toll profiles that are indicative of real charging schemes. The first type maintains a constant toll across the charging period, the second type allows the toll to increase from zero to a given maximum level and then decrease back to zero and the third type allows the toll to rise from zero to a given maximum level, remain at this level for a fixed period and then fall down to zero. This investigation shows that all three types of toll profiles can produce greater boundary peak demands than the bottleneck capacity. A significant contribution of this work is that instead of designing an optimal traffic congestion pricing scheme we analyse how existing sub-optimal congestion pricing schemes could be improved and suggest how observed problems may be overcome. Hence, we propose a set of extra requirements to supplement existing principles or requirements for design and implementation of congestion charging, which aim to reduce the adverse consequences of boundary effects. Concluding remarks are made on implications of this investigation for the improvement of existing congestion charging projects and for future research.
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Sosnowski, Tomasz, Renata Czech, Magdalena Zabochnicka-Świątek, Piotr Czech, and Katarzyna Turoń. "Road toll systems for road transport over 12 tonnes in Europe." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.534.

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Freight transport of goods in European countries is most often associated with toll collection. The aim of the article is to present various systems operating in selected European countries, describe the methods of their operation, as well as to present prices that the carrier will be obliged to pay. The article discusses the idea of charging road tolls, presents countries that use road readers to collect tolls and uses non-toll systems, as well as using several different toll collection systems. When planning a trip through several countries, various fees must be taken into account, it may not only be the fee for kilometres travelled, but also, for example, a toll for a tunnel, a bridge or a ferry crossing. All these issues are presented in the article.
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Siergiejczyk, Mirosław, and Adam Rosiński. "Analysis of automatic toll collection systems on toll roads." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 121 (June 1, 2018): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4616.

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The article presents toll collection systems that are used on toll roads. Manual charging systems are currently characterized by insufficient throughput capacity (especially during holiday and weekend periods). Therefore, the aim is to implement automated toll collection systems. They are characterized by the use of advanced ICT solutions, thanks to which they can be classified as transport telematics systems. The article also proposes criteria and sub-criteria that can be applied in the AHP method in order to select a rational solution of the toll collection system.
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Yaqub, Raziq. "Architecture and Protocols for Toll-Free Electric Vehicle Charging." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 1 (February 24, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10010010.

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This paper proposes system architecture and protocols for the deployment of a toll-free electric vehicle charging service. The architecture enables the party initiating the electric vehicle (EV) charging to have their service request authorized by the system and paid for by a third party.
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Ieromonachou, P., S. Potter, and J. P. Warren. "Norway's urban toll rings: Evolving towards congestion charging?" Transport Policy 13, no. 5 (September 2006): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2006.01.003.

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Wang, Jing, Chaowu Tan, and Zhigang Liu. "Parking Management Efficiency Analysis through Various Charge Schemes for Day-Long Commuting considering Elastic Travel Demand." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1580287.

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In this paper, we investigate the travel pattern of the day-long commuting in a bisection bottleneck network and the efficiency of pricing schemes with elastic travel demand. We extend the Vickrey model to morning and evening commutes and allow commuters to arrive at workplace late and depart from workplace early. The parking searching time is considered in the morning commute. Next, we derive the independent morning and evening commuting travel patterns without road toll and parking fee. Then, we propose three pricing regimes: duration dependent parking fees; optimal time-varying road tolls; optimal time-varying road tolls with duration dependent parking fees. We compare the efficiency of the four schemes with elastic demand. Theoretical analysis and the numerical examples show that optimal time-varying road toll is the most efficient pricing scheme. Charging a duration dependent fee neither improves nor deteriorates the scheme of time-varying road toll, if the toll rates are appropriately set. The regime of duration dependent parking fee only is less efficient than the regime of independent morning and evening commuting travel patterns without road toll and parking fee. In the regime of duration dependent parking fee, the social surplus decreases with the increase of duration dependent parking fee rate.
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Wei, Lian Yu, Yan Liu, and Shi Bin Ma. "Research on Reasonable Method of Determining Toll Rate for Toll-by-Weight Expressway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1874–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1874.

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The expressway occupies an important position in the highway network for its many feathers such as having large capacity, being fast and safe and so on, playing the role as the backbone of transport. With the rapid development of China's national economy and road transportation, the toll-by-weight expressway is being used in larger areas. To go further in research of the toll-by-weight model, it is essential to determine the charging standard by weight, so as to promote this toll-by-weight model as an important part of long-term mechanism curing overweight transport. This paper analyses several methods of the existing toll-by-weight expressway.
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Figueiras, Paulo, Diogo Gonçalves, Ruben Costa, Guilherme Guerreiro, Panos Georgakis, and Ricardo Jardim-Gonçalves. "Novel Big Data-supported dynamic toll charging system: Impact assessment on Portugal’s shadow-toll highways." Computers & Industrial Engineering 135 (September 2019): 476–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.06.043.

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Li, Hao, Zhi Wei Gao, Xuan Cang Wang, and Qiao Wei. "Study on the Dynamic Weighing Measurement Accuracy of the No Parking Weight Charging System." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 1347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.1347.

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In this paper, the intelligent weight charging system of heavy loaded highway was developed using piezoelectric quartz sensors, combined with the improved ETC system, in order to solve the congestion problem in highway toll station caused by heavy load vehicles. By study of the effects of different layout and spacing of sensors on the dynamic weighing accuracy and speed, then the optimal layout system of sensors was raised. Real vehicle test was carried out in Changwu charging station of highway from Fuzhou to Yinchuan. Experimental results show that: the optimized sensors enable heavy load vehicles passing through the toll stations in speed of 30km/h,and the accuracy of weighing was maintained within ± 2.5%. And the optimized sensors are able to overcome the errors caused by illegal operations, reaching the purpose of highway congestion management.
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Burris, Mark, Michael C. Pietrzyk, and Chris R. Swenson. "Observed Traffic Pattern Changes Due to Variable Tolls." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1732, no. 1 (January 2000): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1732-07.

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In August 1998 the Midpoint and Cape Coral Bridges in Lee County, Florida, began charging variable tolls based on the time of day. Traffic data collected at these two bridges are examined, including the number of vehicles, by transaction payment type and by time of day. These data were analyzed to determine if variable pricing toll discounts have changed traffic patterns at the toll bridges. Data collected from January through July 1998 (before the implementation of variable pricing) were compared to data collected from August through December 1998 (during variable pricing). The data were examined in both aggregate and half-hour time increments throughout the day. This allowed for initial analysis of ways that traffic volumes have shifted by time of day due to discounted tolls. Data were also collected on the payment methods of all bridge users. This information is critical, since only those users paying their toll electronically (approximately 23 percent of transactions) are eligible for the variable pricing toll discounts. Therefore, two groups were examined separately—eligible users (the test group) and ineligible users (the control group). Variable pricing was found to have caused significant changes in the travel behavior of eligible users. On the Cape Coral and Midpoint Bridges, the number of eligible users increased significantly during the discount periods and decreased significantly during the peak periods. In contrast, changes in the traffic patterns of ineligible users were found to be statistically insignificant.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Toll charging"

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Thorpe, Neil. "Public attitudes to road-user charging : a case stusy of the toll-rings in Norway." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420013.

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Ekström, Joakim. "Designing Urban Road Congestion Charging Systems : Models and Heuristic Solution Approaches." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15747.

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The question of how to design a congestion pricing scheme is difficult to answer and involves a number of complex decisions. This thesis is devoted to the quantitative parts of designing a congestion pricing scheme with link tolls in an urban car traffic network. The problem involves finding the number of tolled links, the link toll locations and their corresponding toll level. The road users are modeled in a static framework, with elastic travel demand.

Assuming the toll locations to be fixed, we recognize a level setting problem as to find toll levels which maximize the social surplus. A heuristic procedure based on sensitivity analysis is developed to solve this optimization problem. In the numerical examples the heuristic is shown to converge towards the optimum for cases when all links are tollable, and when only some links are tollable.

We formulate a combined toll location and level setting problem as to find both toll locations and toll levels which maximize the net social surplus, which is the social surplus minus the cost of collecting the tolls. The collection cost is assumed to be given for each possible toll location, and to be independent of toll level and traffic flow. We develop a new heuristic method which is based on repeated solutions of an approximation to the combined toll location and level setting problem. Also, a known heuristic method for locating a fixed number of toll facilities is extended, to find the optimal number of facilities to locate. Both heuristics are evaluated on two small networks, where our approximation procedure shows the best results.

Our approximation procedure is also employed on the Sioux Falls network. The result is compared with different judgmental closed cordon structures, and the solution suggested by our method clearly improves the net social surplus more than any of the judgmental cordons.

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Verner, Radim. "Elektronické mýtné systémy ve městech." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76031.

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This diploma thesis is about description and analysis of urban traffic. First part of this work is focused on subsystems of urban public transport, categorization and description of the external costs in road transport and possible ways of charging. Electronic toll systems, their legal framework, the basic architecture, applied technologies and their interoperability and standardization are described. The final and main part of this work is devoted to a description and evaluation of urban toll systems in three Norwegian cities: Oslo, Trondheim and Bergen.
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Svatoš, Ivo. "Vyhodnocení technicko-ekonomických parametrů pro rozšíření elektronického mýtného v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232800.

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The work evaluated on the basis of commonly available data some of the implications of collection toll of highway D1 and D5. It focuses on identifying potential alternative routes by using statistics of national traffic census. On these routes it evaluates the changes of traffic safety, which can show the change of traffic intensity of trucks. Next part evaluates potential economic benefits of bypassing toll routes. In the end it notes possible scenarios of impacts extended toll zones to the above fact findings.
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Rodrigues, Marcus VinÃcius Sousa. "AvaliaÃÃo do desempenho da cobranÃa da Ãgua bruta por categoria de uso nas Bacias do Estado do Cearà utilizando a anÃlise por envoltÃria de dados." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12513.

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nÃo hÃ
A escassez de recursos hÃdricos pode causar sÃrios conflitos de interesse devido aos seus mÃltiplos usos. A gestÃo dos recursos hÃdricos em uma bacia hidrogrÃfica à a forma mais segura de garantir esses usos mÃltiplos, por meio da adoÃÃo de instrumentos, tais como a cobranÃa pelo uso da Ãgua. A cobranÃa tem sido implementada de uma forma muito lenta no Brasil, mesmo tendo o respaldo na Lei n 9.433/97 e nas PolÃticas Estaduais de Recursos HÃdricos. A cobranÃa pelo uso da Ãgua bruta no Cearà teve inÃcio em 1996, tendo a Companhia de GestÃo dos Recursos HÃdricos do Cearà â COGERH, como o ÃrgÃo responsÃvel pelo seu cÃlculo e sua efetivaÃÃo. Atà a presente data nenhum trabalho foi feito com o intuito de avaliar o desempenho desse instrumento por categoria de uso nas bacias hidrogrÃficas do Estado do CearÃ. O objetivo principal deste trabalho de doutorado à propor uma metodologia, por meio da anÃlise por envoltÃria de dados, que avalie o desempenho do instrumento da cobranÃa pelo uso da Ãgua bruta aplicada as principais categorias de uso (indÃstria, abastecimento pÃblico e irrigaÃÃo) nas bacias hidrogrÃficas do Estado do CearÃ. O modelo proposto para a anÃlise do desempenho foi composto por seis variÃveis (sendo quatro inputs e dois outputs) e o mÃtodo usado foi o DEA-BCC, com orientaÃÃo a output, utilizando como ferramenta computacional o software DEA-Solver, professional version 7.0. Ao todo foram analisadas 33 DMUs de todas as bacias hidrogrÃficas cearenses. Dessas unidades, treze foram classificadas como eficientes e consequentemente vinte foram classificadas como ineficientes. O conjunto das 33 DMUs apresentou uma eficiÃncia mÃdia de aproximadamente 64,80%. O setor que se mostrou com maior eficiÃncia em todo o Estado foi a indÃstria, com uma eficiÃncia mÃdia de aproximadamente 97,97%, seguido pelo setor do abastecimento pÃblico com uma eficiÃncia mÃdia de aproximadamente 68,17%. O setor da irrigaÃÃo foi o setor mais ineficiente de todo o Estado, com uma medida de eficiÃncia mÃdia igual a aproximadamente 28,25%. Ao todo oito DMUs da irrigaÃÃo se apresentaram com baixÃssimas eficiÃncias, medidas abaixo de 6,5%, se destacando, negativamente, a DMU24 (bacia do AcaraÃ), como sendo a unidade mais ineficiente de todo o conjunto analisado, com uma eficiÃncia relativa de aproximadamente 0,08%. Dentre os critÃrios usados para anÃlise se destacam os inputs IUO (Ãndice de usuÃrios outorgados) e IBH (Ãndice de balanÃo hÃdrico), e os outputs IFVC (Ãndice de faturamento por volume consumido) e TMF (taxa mÃdia de faturamento). Em relaÃÃo aos critÃrios propostos neste trabalho, podem-se observar usuÃrios de recursos hÃdricos que se apresentam em desacordo com as legislaÃÃes vigentes no Estado em relaÃÃo aos recursos hÃdricos, como usuÃrios faturados que nÃo possuem outorgas ou usuÃrios que apresentam consumos superiores as suas outorgas.
The scarcity of water resources can cause serious conflicts of interest due to its multiple uses. The management of water resources in a watershed is the safest way to ensure these multiple uses, through the adoption of instruments, such as charging for water use. The collection has been implemented very slowly in Brazil, even though the trust of the Law No. 9433/97 and State Policies on Water Resources. The charge for the use of raw water in Cearà began in 1996 and the Water Resources Management Company of Cearà - COGERH, as the agency responsible for its calculation and its implementation. To date no work has been done in order to evaluate the performance of this instrument by use category in the watersheds of the State of CearÃ. The main objective of this doctoral work is to propose a methodology through data envelopment analysis, to evaluate the performance of the instrument of charging for the use of raw water applied the main use categories (industrial, public supply and irrigation) in the basins river of CearÃ. The proposed performance analysis model was composed of six variables (with four inputs and two outputs) and the method used was the DEA-BCC, with the output orientation, as computational tool using the DEA-Solver, professional version 7.0 software. Altogether 33 DMUs of all Cearà basins were analyzed. These units, thirteen were classified as efficient and consequently twenty were classified as inefficient. The set of 33 DMUs showed an average efficiency of approximately 64.80%. The sector that has proved more efficiently throughout the state was the industry with an average efficiency of about 97.97%, followed by public supply sector with an average efficiency of approximately 68.17%. The irrigation sector was the most inefficient industry throughout the state, with an average efficiency measure equal to approximately 28.25%. Altogether eight DMUs irrigation presented with very low efficiencies, measures below 6.5%, highlighting negatively to DMU24 (Acaraà basin), as the most inefficient unit all analyzed together with a relative efficiency of approximately 0.08%. Among the criteria used for analysis stand out iuo index (granted users) and IBH index (water balance) inputs, and outputs IFVC (billing index volume consumed) and TMF (average billing rate). In relation to the criteria proposed in this paper, we can observe water users which are in disagreement with the laws in force in the State in relation to water resources, billed as users who do not have licenses or users who have higher intakes their grants.
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Kvasnička, Karel. "Mobilní zdroje elektrické energie." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413211.

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Hendrickx, Elien Paula Maureen. "To toll or not toll: the road charging case in Belgium." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16795.

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Conway, Alison Jane 1981. "Direct user-charging of commercial vehicles for infrastructure cost recovery." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23458.

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The purpose of this research is to provide a theoretical framework for future commercial vehicle user-charging using real-time vehicle weight and configuration information collected using weigh-in-motion (WIM) systems. This work provides an extensive review of both mechanisms and technologies employed for commercial and passenger vehicle user-charging worldwide. Existing commercial vehicle-user charging structures use only broad vehicle classifications to distinguish between vehicles for the pricing of user-fees. The methodology proposed in this study employs highway cost allocation methods for development of an “Axle-Load” toll structure. A theoretical case study, based on information from Texas State Highway 130, is performed to explore the equity improvements that could be achieved through implementation of this proposed structure. Some sensitivity analysis is also performed to examine the potential revenue impacts due to uncertainties in different data inputs under existing and proposed structures.
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Kekana, R. D. (Robert Dipitseng). "An economic impact assessment of toll roads, with specific reference to the impact on alternative roads between the Pumulani and Hammanskraal toll gates." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23991.

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The erection of tollgates along the N1 freeway has triggered a great deal of interest. As a result of the toll fees, traffic has been diverted to alternative roads. This study investigates how traffic diverted from the toll road affect the welfare of users of the alternative road. The literature review provides a theoretical framework of economic impact assessment and road pricing. Furthermore, the literature study reviews previous studies of a similar nature and compare them with the findings of this study. There is no conclusive evidence that diversion of traffic from the N1 causes congestion on the R101 and has a negative impact on the economy of the region. On the contrary, evidence suggests that there was an initial diversion of traffic when the toll came into operation but that is slowly filtered back after six months. In the application of the RED model, economic benefits are derived from user benefits, which is a function of savings in VOC’s and time of normal and generated traffic on a road or saving due to an improvement in road safety, resulting from improved roads. A decrease in traffic has a measurable effect on vehicle travel speeds and travel time only when the roads are significantly congested. In the case of scenario 1 (including diversion), frequent maintenance needs to be performed under increased traffic. Increased traffic due to “diverted traffic” causes congestion in accidents and travelling time, which is a cost to the economy. Under scenario 2 (excluding diversion), it is assumed that ADT will return to normal. Due to lower levels of congestion and travelling times would be faster, while maintenance costs and accident rates would decrease. Scenario 2 is selected as being economically the most feasible option. It is clear that the R101 cannot cope with the current levels of traffic and congestion. One can speculate about the causes of the congestion but in order to derive at a solution to the problem more research needs to be done on the cause of the congestion in order to resolve the problem.
Dissertation (Magister Commercii)--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Economics
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Books on the topic "Toll charging"

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Round Table on Transport Economics (97th 1993 Paris, France). Report of the ninety-seventh Round Table on Transport Economics: Held in Paris on 4th-5th November 1993 on the following topic, Charging for the use of urban roads. Paris: European Conference of Ministers of Transport, 1994.

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British Library. Science Reference and Information Service., ed. Road charging in the 90s: An overview and guide to the literature. London: The British Library Science Reference and Inforamtion Service, 1994.

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Round Table on Transport Economics. (97th Paris). Report of the ninety-seventh round table on transport economics, held in Paris on 4th-5th November 1993 on the following topic: Charging for the use of urban roads. Paris: European Conference of Ministers of Transport, Economic Research Centre, 1994.

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Road Charging for London. Stationery Office Books, 2000.

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Pickford, Andrew T. W., and Philip T. Blythe. Road User Charging and Electronic Toll Collection. Artech House Publishers, 2006.

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Road charging options for London: A technical assessment. London: Stationery Office, 2000.

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Lawphongpanich, Siriphong, Donald W. Hearn, and Michael J. Smith. Mathematical and Computational Models for Congestion Charging. Springer, 2014.

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(Editor), Siriphong Lawphongpanich, Donald W. Hearn (Editor), and Michael J. Smith (Editor), eds. Mathematical and Computational Models for Congestion Charging (Applied Optimization). Springer, 2006.

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Yŏnʼguwŏn, Sŏul Sijŏng Kaebal, ed. Tosim tʻonghaengnyo pugwa pangan e kwanhan yŏnʼgu =: A study of congestion toll charging in the CBD of Seoul. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Sŏul Sijŏng Kaebal Yŏnʼguwŏn, 1993.

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Minnesota. Telecommunications Access for Communication Impaired Persons., ed. Report to the Minnesota Legislature on the reasonableness of charging for toll calls made through the Minnesota relay service. [Minn.]: State of Minnesota Telecommunications Access for Communication-Impaired Persons Board, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Toll charging"

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Figueiras, Paulo, Guilherme Guerreiro, Ruben Costa, Luka Bradesko, Nenad Stojanovic, and Ricardo Jardim-Gonçalves. "Big Data Harmonization for Intelligent Mobility: A Dynamic Toll-Charging Scenario." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 76–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55961-2_8.

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Tong, Jian, Yuan-hua Jia, and Zhong-ming Guo. "Research on Turning the Toll Mode of the Periphery Freeway into Congestion Charging." In The 19th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, 331–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37270-4_32.

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Vijaya Krishna, A., and Shaik Naseera. "Vehicle Detection and Categorization for a Toll Charging System Based on TESSERACT OCR Using the IoT." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 193–202. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0212-1_20.

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Karimanzira, Divas, and Helge Renkewitz. "Detection and localization of an underwater docking station in acoustic images using machine learning and generalized fuzzy hough transform." In Machine Learning for Cyber Physical Systems, 23–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62746-4_3.

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AbstractLong underwater operations with autonomous battery charging and data transmission require an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) with docking capability, which in turn presume the detection and localization of the docking station. Object detection and localization in sonar images is a very difficult task due to acoustic image problems such as, non-homogeneous resolution, non-uniform intensity, speckle noise, acoustic shadowing, acoustic reverberation and multipath problems. As for detection methods which are invariant to rotations, scale and shifts, the Generalized Fuzzy Hough Transform (GFHT) has proven to be a very powerful tool for arbitrary template detection in a noisy, blurred or even a distorted image, but it is associated with a practical drawback in computation time due to sliding window approach, especially if rotation and scaling invariance is taken into account. In this paper we use the fact that the docking station is made out of aluminum profiles which can easily be isolated using segmentation and classified by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to enable selective search for the GFHT. After identification of the profile locations, GFHT is applied selectively at these locations for template matching producing the heading and position of the docking station. Further, this paper describes in detail the experiments that validate the methodology.
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Hellborg, Ragnar. "Charging systems." In The Electrostatic Accelerator: A versatile tool. IOP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-2571/aaea76ch6.

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Guo, Shuojia. "Charging Fandom in the Digital Age." In Research Anthology on Strategies for Using Social Media as a Service and Tool in Business, 1481–96. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9020-1.ch072.

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In the digital age, the proliferation of fan-generated content on social media platforms is making the fan culture transitioning from the “static” online consumption to “dynamic” interaction. This is not only a result of the advancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), but also a cultural phenomenon driving by participatory fandom in cyberspace. The rise of social media has dramatically altered the dynamics of fan practices and spectatorship hence increased vocality and visibility within the fan community as well as the formation and facilitation of fan roles. In this chapter, we will explore why social media have such a profound impact upon fandom. In particular, what is new with these fan communities that social media has done so much to enable. Why there is a blurring in the lines between fandom producers and consumers in the participatory fandom. Given the new forms of cultural production, how fan culture enabled by social media is more powerful than it was ever before.
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Đogatović, Vesna Radonjić. "Improving Quality of Business in Next Generation Telecom Networks." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 6546–55. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch568.

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Quality of business (QoBiz) is an important aspect of providing quality of telecommunication services that is being increasingly used in the pursuit of better business. It covers financial aspects of service provisioning, which is firmly related to service provider (SP) revenue and profit. In next generation network (NGN) relation between pure technical aspects, i.e. quality of service (QoS) and QoBiz tend to be dynamic with pricing as an important tool for adjusting users' demand to network congestion, thus allowing a SP to maximize his revenue. This chapter aims to investigate and provide new possibilities for SPs to enhance their revenues using responsive pricing scheme for charging end users in NGN. Interaction of a SP and user is defined as a Stackelberg leader-follower game with provider acting as the leader and users acting as followers.
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Đogatović, Vesna Radonjić. "Improving Quality of Business in Next Generation Telecom Networks." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 1226–36. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7598-6.ch090.

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Quality of business (QoBiz) is an important aspect of providing quality of telecommunication services that is being increasingly used in the pursuit of better business. It covers financial aspects of service provisioning, which is firmly related to service provider (SP) revenue and profit. In next generation network (NGN), relation between pure technical aspects (i.e., quality of service [QoS] and QoBiz) tend to be dynamic with pricing as an important tool for adjusting users' demand to network congestion, thus allowing a SP to maximize his revenue. This chapter aims to investigate and provide new possibilities for SPs to enhance their revenues using responsive pricing scheme for charging end users in NGN. Interaction of a SP and user is defined as a Stackelberg leader-follower game with provider acting as the leader and users acting as followers.
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Surya, Sumukh. "Mathematical Modeling of DC-DC Converters and Li Ion Battery Using MATLAB/Simulink." In Electric Vehicles and the Future of Energy Efficient Transportation, 104–43. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7626-7.ch005.

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In the present work, three different methods for obtaining the DC response for modeling practical DC-DC buck and boost converters operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) are demonstrated using MATLAB/Simulink. The method of selection for inductor, diode, and MOSFET for a DC-DC converter is discussed in detail. The governing equations for the non-ideal converters were derived using volt-sec and amp-sec balance equations. Mathematical modeling of basic converters was carried out using ‘commonly used blocks' reducing the dependence on SimPower System tool box in Simulink. The non-ideal parameters in the converter caused a drastic variation in the duty cycle and output voltage which in turn had an adverse effect on the efficiency. The transients in output voltages and inductor currents were observed. In addition, a Li ion polymer battery was mathematically modeled. Accurate battery modeling for pulse charging was proposed. A comparative analysis of 1, 2, …, 5 RC pair/s modeling of the battery was presented.
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"Notifying the suspect of the right free advice There is clearly the danger that a person's right to legal advice can be effectively curtailed if they are not aware of it. Code C therefore goes to some lengths to ensure the suspect is aware of the right. The custody officer is required (para 3.5) when he authorises a person's detention in the police station to make sure that the suspect signs the custody record signifying whether he wishes to have legal advice at that point. The revised Code adds the following: 'The custody officer is responsible for ensuring that the person signs the custody record in the correct place to give effect to his decision.' The Code stipulates that police stations must advertise the right to free legal advice in posters 'prominently displayed in the charging area of every police station' (para 6.3). New guidance in the 1995 Code states that (6H): 'In addition to a poster in English advertising the right to legal advice, a poster or posters containing translations into Welsh, the main ethnic minority languages and the principal European languages should be displayed wherever they are likely to be helpful and it is practicable to do so.' The Code also gives precise rules concerning at what point and in what form a person should be notified of the right to get free legal advice. For example, a person who comes to the station under arrest must be told immediately both orally and in writing (paras 3.1, 3.2). The revised Code para states:." In Sourcebook on English Legal System, 408. Routledge-Cavendish, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843143451-116.

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Conference papers on the topic "Toll charging"

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Raghav, Vrishank, and Narayanan Komerath. "Cruise Lane Highway Charging of Electric Vehicles." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85693.

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The possibility of charging electric vehicles(EV) while they are cruising on highways is explored. Such a technology would break through the ‘range anxiety’ barrier to mass adoption of EVs. Developments in emerging energy technologies for automotive radar and other applications, have made possible the implementation of wireless millimeter wave beamed power. The rapid advances in the ability to accurately beam and receive power in the 70 to 225 GHz frequency range using solid state components suggests that it will become possible in the near future to beam sufficient power to perform such charging applications. Unlike short-range wireless inductive charging, beamed cruise charging is aimed to work on vehicles traveling as fast as 100 kph on straight segments of the highway, similar to cruise toll lanes used today. Subsequent versions may use aerostats or towers to beam power, enabling power delivery on curved roads in mountainous regions. The paper will survey related prior work and set out preliminary sizing and business case calculations, followed in the final paper by trade studies to perform a first level optimization. We also discuss the architectural requirements, charging rates and perform a sustainability.
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Zhu, Chen, Zhijie Li, Bangyu Wu, Bin Li, Han Zhang, and Housong Ruan. "Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction for Electronic Toll Collection and Manual Toll Collection Charging System Based on Long Short-Term Memory Model." In 3rd International Forum on Connected Automated Vehicle Highway System through the China Highway & Transportation Society. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-5197.

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Figueiras, Paulo, Ruben Costa, Guilherme Guerreiro, Hugo Antunes, Antonio Rosa, and Ricardo Jardim-Goncalves. "User interface support for a big ETL data processing pipeline an application scenario on highway toll charging models." In 2017 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ice.2017.8280052.

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Bell, M. G. H. "Traffic diversion due to motorway tolls." In IEE Seminar on Electronic Tolling and Congestion Charging. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990520.

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Višňovský, Ján. "STRATEGIES FOR IMPOSING A CHARGE ON ONLINE NEWS CONTENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b2/v3/06.

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The COVID-19 pandemic not only marked global events in 2020, but also left its marks on news media functioning. The Coronavirus has become a thematic agenda of the newscast of the last month in global, national, and regional media. While radio and TV stations came up with special programmes on the subject of the pandemic, in newspapers, on the Internet and in mobile applications there appeared specialized sections and columns, in which media published news items thematically related to the Coronavirus. Some TV stations made their archives and other usually paid services available free of charge, and mobile operators offered their customers unlimited data. However, the approach to the charging a toll for the Internet content has also changed. While some media made all content available to their readers, others unlocked, for instance, news items and various content devoted to the pandemic (comments, analyzes, information graphics, etc.). The purpose of the paper is to point out different approaches to the strategy of imposing a charge on the content of news websites during the COVID-19 pandemic, on the example of the most widely read Slovak news portals.
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Cory, B. "Charging for transmission services." In IEE Colloquium on Optimal Power Flow - Invaluable Tool or Expensive Toy? IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19970576.

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Atanasov, I. I., E. N. Pencheva, and D. A. Marinska. "Open access to charging functions in multimedia networks." In IEEE EUROCON 2011 - International Conference on Computer as a Tool. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurocon.2011.5929164.

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Aizpuru, Iosu, Asier Arruti, Jon Anzola, Unai Iraola, Mikel Mazuela, and Alejandro Rujas. "Universal Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Analysis Tool." In 2020 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vppc49601.2020.9330990.

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Alvarado-Ruiz, Mario, Fadi Abi-Abdallah, and Maurice Gagnaire. "Minimum driving distance warranty for EV charging over Public Lighting Systems." In IEEE EUROCON 2015 - International Conference on Computer as a Tool (EUROCON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurocon.2015.7313712.

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Neyestani, Nilufar, Maziar Yazdani Damavandi, and Joao P. S. Catalao. "Analyzing the effect of various PEV owner's charging tariffs on PEV PL's market equilibrium." In IEEE EUROCON 2015 - International Conference on Computer as a Tool (EUROCON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurocon.2015.7313763.

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Reports on the topic "Toll charging"

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Author, Not Given. Tool Helps Utilities Assess Readiness for Electric Vehicle Charging (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1026580.

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