Dissertations / Theses: 'Toll Collection System'

1

Chaudhary, Rajesh H. "A Model for the Benefits of Electronic Toll Collection System." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000208.

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Jinek, Daniel. "Český elektronický mýtný systém z pohledu implementace evropské elektronické mýtné služby." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359244.

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The thesis deals with electronic fee collection systems and their interoperability within European Electronic Toll Service. It closely looks on future of Czech EFC system with scope on dealing with obligations of European Electronic Toll Service legislation. In the first part the basic terms of EFC systems are described and basic technologies to be used within EFC systems are explained. The second part then deals with European Electronic Toll Service matters, its legislation and present stage of implementation. In the third part, there are specific technological applications on national EFC systems of chosen European Union countries described. The last part closely describes Czech EFC system, its history, present and its possible future outcomes.

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Šindelářová, Jana. "Inovační aspekty elektronickeho výběru mýtného v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10475.

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This thesis deals with the innovation of information system (IS) as a decision problem. The main objective of this thesis is the construction and the application of a method to select an optimal innovation variant of IS in an organisation of any scale. The designed method is based on the conception of the innovation of IS in the methodology "Multidimensional Management and Development of Information System (MMDIS)". The proposed selection method (Method of Innovation Modules based on MMDIS - MIM) is intended to serve mainly for decision-making on a strategic level. The IS structure is mapped in accordance with the MMDIS methodology. Innovation aspects are derived from two approaches: innovation aspects based on the MMDIS principles ("module of principles" - e.g. integration, flexibility, standardisation, measurability) and innovation aspects based on the IS dimensions defined in MMDIS methodology ("module of dimensions" - e.g. software, hardware, processes and functions, finances). The proposal method enforces a systematic approach to evaluation of the innovation variants, ensuring that the innovation aspects (the principles and the dimensions) are aligned with key requirements. As an example, this method is applied to an existing electronic toll system operated in the Czech Republic. Basic innovation variants of the electronic toll system are described - the microwave, the satellite and the hybrid toll system. Case studies from the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany are used for support the proposed innovation variants, as well as evaluation of variants. The principles and the dimensions form a framework for description and evaluation of the telematics, of the electronic toll and of the innovation variants of the electronic toll. The variants are compared within the framework of refined principles and dimensions, the optimal variant is proposed. The used evaluation parameters are a result of an analysis of published studies and specific toll system technical designs. The Method of Innovation Modules was constructed on the basis of MMDIS methodology and demonstrated by application in an example scenario (electronic toll). The key result of the proposed method is the comprehensive structured map of available system innovation opportunities.

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Hu, Felicia 1976. "Development of a web-based input system for AGNI : a distributed netgraph data collection and ananlysis tool." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86461.

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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 40).
by Felicia Hu.
S.B.and M.Eng.

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Iqbal, Muhammad Usman Surveying &amp Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Location privacy in automotive telematics." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Surveying & Spatial Information Systems, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43807.

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The convergence of transport, communication, computing and positioning technologies has enabled a smart car revolution. As a result, pricing of roads based on telematics technologies has gained significant attention. While there are promised benefits, systematic disclosure of precise location has the ability to impinge on privacy of a special kind, known as location privacy. The aim of this thesis is to provide technical designs that enhance the location privacy of motorists without compromising the benefits of accurate pricing. However, this research looks beyond a solely technology-based solution, For example, the ethical implications of the use of GPS data in pricing models have not been fully understood. Likewise. minimal research exists to evaluate the technical vulnerabilities that could be exploited to avoid criminal or financial penalties. To design a privacy-aware system, it is important to understand the needs of the stakeholders, most importantly the motorists. Knowledge about the anticipated privacy preferences of motorists is important in order to make reasonable predictions about their future willingness to adopt these systems. There is limited research so far Otl user perceptions regarding specific payment options in the uptake of privacy-aware systems. This thesis provides a critical privacy assessment of two mobility pricing systems, namely electronic tolls and mobility-priced insurance. As a result of this assessment. policy recommendations arc developed which could support a common approach in facilitating privacy-aware mobility-pricing strategies. This thesis also evaluates the existing and potential inferential threats and vulnerabilities to develop security and privacy recommendations for privacy-aware pricing designs for tolls and insurance. Utilising these policy recommendations and analysing user-perception with regards to the feasibility of sustaining privacy and willingness to pay for privacy, two privacy-aware mobility pricing designs have been presented which bridge the entire array of privacy interests and bring them together into a unified approach capable of sustaining legal protection as well as satisfying privacy requirements of motorists. It is maintained that it is only by social and technical analysis working in tandem that critical privacy issues in relation to location can be addressed.

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Ekström, Joakim. "Designing Urban Road Congestion Charging Systems : Models and Heuristic Solution Approaches." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15747.

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The question of how to design a congestion pricing scheme is difficult to answer and involves a number of complex decisions. This thesis is devoted to the quantitative parts of designing a congestion pricing scheme with link tolls in an urban car traffic network. The problem involves finding the number of tolled links, the link toll locations and their corresponding toll level. The road users are modeled in a static framework, with elastic travel demand.

Assuming the toll locations to be fixed, we recognize a level setting problem as to find toll levels which maximize the social surplus. A heuristic procedure based on sensitivity analysis is developed to solve this optimization problem. In the numerical examples the heuristic is shown to converge towards the optimum for cases when all links are tollable, and when only some links are tollable.

We formulate a combined toll location and level setting problem as to find both toll locations and toll levels which maximize the net social surplus, which is the social surplus minus the cost of collecting the tolls. The collection cost is assumed to be given for each possible toll location, and to be independent of toll level and traffic flow. We develop a new heuristic method which is based on repeated solutions of an approximation to the combined toll location and level setting problem. Also, a known heuristic method for locating a fixed number of toll facilities is extended, to find the optimal number of facilities to locate. Both heuristics are evaluated on two small networks, where our approximation procedure shows the best results.

Our approximation procedure is also employed on the Sioux Falls network. The result is compared with different judgmental closed cordon structures, and the solution suggested by our method clearly improves the net social surplus more than any of the judgmental cordons.

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Catanzaro, Wesley M. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRONIC DATA COLLECTION TOOL AND COMPARISON OF THE ELECTRONIC AND MANUAL METHODS OF LAND USE INVENTORY." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1013.

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An important component of Planning Information Systems for municipal planning agencies is a comprehensive land use inventory that provides information on the location, distribution, and intensity of land uses throughout a community. This data is a necessary prerequisite for the informed creation of planning documents such as General Plans, Specific Plans, Housing Inventories, and Climate Action Plans. Beyond location, distribution and intensity of land uses, planners may also wish to incorporate additional information at the parcel level, such as the number of housing or commercial units, building condition, and/or access and connectivity to adjacent streets. Because some of this information is best observed in the field, agencies require methods of collecting this data that will ensure data precision, accuracy, and consistency, while minimizing data collection and processing time. Electronic data collection tools that are compatible with Geographic Information Systems provide a potential solution that can facilitate these desired data collection parameters. This research illustrates the development of an electronic data collection tool that planning agencies may utilize within various planning efforts, and compares the efficiency of the tool to traditional ‘pen-and-paper’ data collection methods in terms of time savings. It is recommended that planning agencies widely adopt and implement electronic tools for land use data collection, for the demonstrated benefits related to data consistency and reduced data collection time in the field.

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Wallace, William. "Formative Assessment: Benefit For All." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5884.

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This study investigated how formative assessment implemented in a fifth grade mathematics classroom with a student response system and a student self-evaluative tool affected student self-assessment. Data were collected through individual student and focus group interviews, self-assessment sheets, and teacher reflections. Formative assessment is a low stakes classroom assessment that is an assessment for learning. This study used a student response system to convey feedback from the formative assessment to both students and teacher during instruction. The student self-assessment sheet was implemented to provide a more dynamic level of feedback for students than what could be provided through the student response system alone.
M.Ed.
Masters
Teaching, Learning, and Leadership
Education and Human Performance
K-8 Mathematics and Science Education

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Cope, Dayana. "AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN SIMULATION MODELS FROM SCOR BASED ONTOLOGIES." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2640.

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In today's economy of global markets, supply chain networks, supplier/customer relationship management and intense competition; decision makers are faced with a need to perform decision making using tools that do not accommodate the nature of the changing market. This research focuses on developing a methodology that addresses this need. The developed methodology provides supply chain decision makers with a tool to perform efficient decision making in stochastic, dynamic and distributed supply chain environments. The integrated methodology allows for informed decision making in a fast, sharable and easy to use format. The methodology was implemented by developing a stand alone tool that allows users to define a supply chain simulation model using SCOR based ontologies. The ontology includes the supply chain knowledge and the knowledge required to build a simulation model of the supply chain system. A simulation model is generated automatically from the ontology to provide the flexibility to model at various levels of details changing the model structure on the fly. The methodology implementation is demonstrated and evaluated through a retail oriented case study. When comparing the implementation using the developed methodology vs. a "traditional" simulation methodology approach, a significant reduction in definition and execution time was observed.
Ph.D.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering PhD

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Dannert, Sofia, and Josefin Norström. "Metod för bedömning och jämförelse av insamlings- och sorteringssystem för hushållsavfall : Utveckling av ett verktyg för multikriterieanalys med en- och fåfamiljshus i Linköpings kommun som fall." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148883.

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En av de största globala utmaningarna idag är de negativa miljöeffekterna från den linjära ekonomin som världen bygger på, där produkter oupphörligt skapas från jungfruliga råvaror och efter användningstiden slutar som avfall utan nytta. Initiativ på flera nivåer; lokalt, regionalt, nationellt och globalt, krävs för att uppnå en cirkulär ekonomi där uppkomsten av avfall, samt utvinningen av jungfruliga råvaror, minskar. Europeiska unionens handlingsplan för cirkulär ekonomi säger att 75 % av alla förpackningar ska materialåtervinnas till år 2030. I Sverige materialåtervinns mellan 42,2 % (plastförpackningar) och 95 % (glas) och fastighetsnära insamlingssystem för förpackningar och tidningar är förhållandevis väl utbyggda, åtminstone för flerfamiljshus. Gällande småhus har utvecklingen gått något långsammare även om flera kommuner idag infört fastighetsnära insamling för hushållsavfall, inklusive förpacknings- och tidningsavfall. Att välja ett nytt, utökat avfallssystem till en kommun är ett stort och komplext beslut med många aspekter att ta hänsyn till. Flera tidigare utredningar inför denna typ av beslut har saknat en tydlig målbild, metodik och systematik i granskningen, varför syftet med denna studie varit att utveckla en metod för att genomföra en systematisk multikriterieanalys av ett antal avfallssystem för insamling och sortering av hushållsavfall från småhus i en kommun. Innan multikriterieanalysen påbörjades gjordes en omfattande kartläggning av de aspekter som är kopplade till beslutet om ett nytt avfallssystem. Kartläggningen och det urval av aspekter som gjordes till multikriterieanalysen är värdefull kunskap för kommuner som står inför denna typ av beslut. Multikriterieanalysen har tagits fram med inspiration från den generiska formen av en multikriterieanalys där Linköpings kommun och Tekniska verken använts som fall. På grund av detta har även de system som utvärderats valts ut med hänsyn till intressanta avfallssystem för Linköpings kommun. Den framtagna multikriterieanalysen har paketerats i ett användarvänligt verktyg som kan användas av beslutsfattare i kommuner som önskar att utvärdera och jämföra avfallssystem för småhus. Studien har resulterat i att det i huvudsak är följande sju kriterier som bör beaktas i en utredning gällande ett nytt insamlings- och sorteringssystem för småhus i en kommun, där resurseffektivitet är av hög prioritet i beslutet:

Etablerbarhet & flexibilitet

Miljöpåverkan från materielbehov

Kundperspektiv

Arbetsmiljö

Miljöpåverkan från energianvändning vid drift

Insamlingsresultat

Ekonomi Dessa kriterier har brutits ned i mindre beståndsdelar, kallade indikatorer. När avfallssystem ska utvärderas och jämföras är det essentiellt att de bedöms inom dessa kriterier och indikatorer för att skapa bra underlag inför valet av system. Studien har kunnat belysa att det i nuläget finns en hel del osäkerheter inom områdena Etablerbarhet & flexibilitet samt Miljöpåverkan från energianvändning i drift som försvårar bedömning av system inom kriterierna. Även vissa avfallssystem saknas tillräcklig kunskap om som krävs för att kunna göra en rättvis bedömning av systemen, mycket till följd av att de är oetablerade i Sverige.
One of the greatest challenges the world is facing today is the negative environmental effects as a result from the linear economy used in societies, where products are constantly being produced from raw materials and end up as waste after the period of usage. Initiatives on many levels; local, regional, national and global are needed to create a circular economy which minimizes both the generation of waste and the extraction of raw materials. The European Union’s action plan for circular economy expresses that 75 % of all packaging waste should be recycled by 2030. In Sweden packaging waste is being recycled between 42,2 % (plastic waste) to 95 % (glass waste) and the curbside collection systems for packaging waste are quite well-developed, especially regarding waste systems for multi-family houses. For single-family houses the development has been slower, although several municipalities have introduced curbside collection systems for household waste including packaging and newspaper waste during the last years. It is a comprehensive and complex decision to invest in a new extended curbside collection and sorting system in a municipality and there are many aspects to consider. Since several previous inquiries regarding this type of decision lacks a systematic approach and clear objectives, the purpose of this study is to develop a method for conducting a systematic multi-criteria analysis of collection and sorting systems for single-family household waste in a municipality. Prior to the multi-criteria analysis a substantial evaluation of aspects related to the decision of a new waste system was made. The mapping and selection of aspects that were made provide great knowledge for municipalities facing this kind of decision. The developed multi-criteria analysis is based on the generic form of a multi-criteria analysis, using the municipality of Linköping and Tekniska verken as case. As a result, the range of waste systems evaluated have been selected according to the preferences of Linköping municipality. The developed multi-criteria analysis has been transferred to a user-friendly tool for decision makers at municipalities who wish to assess and compare extended collection and sorting systems for single-family household waste. The study has resulted in the following criteria which should be considered in an inquiry of waste systems for single-family houses in a municipality, where resource efficiency is highly prioritized:

Establishment & flexibility

Environmental impact from usage of materiel

Customer perspective

Working standards

Environmental impact from energy usage during operation

Collection results

Economy These criteria have been divided into smaller components, called indicators. When assessing and comparing waste systems, it is essential to evaluate systems within these criteria and indicators to ensure a thorough basis for this type of decision. The study has been able to highlight some lack of knowledge within the criteria Establishment & flexibility and Environmental impact from energy usage during operation, which complicates the assessment of waste systems within these areas. Sufficient knowledge regarding some waste systems are also missing, most likely due to the systems not being used in Sweden.

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Randriamasy, Malalatiana. "Localisation et transmissions sécurisées pour la communication Véhicule à Infrastructure (V2I) : Application au service de télépéage ITS-G5." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR011/document.

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La localisation précise des véhicules et la sécurité des échanges sont deux grands axes qui font la fiabilité des services fournis dans les systèmes de transport intelligent. Ces dernières années, elles font l’objet de nombreux projets de recherche pour des champs d’application divers. Dans cette thèse, le contexte d’application est la réalisation d’un service de télépéage utilisant la technologie ITS-G5. Cette technologie de communication sans-fil permet dans un premier temps le partage des informations de sécurité routière entre les véhicules (V2V), le véhicule et l’infrastructure (V2I). Dans cette thèse, on propose une architecture permettant d’échanger des transactions de télépéage utilisant les équipements communicants en ITS-G5 embarqués dans les véhicules connectés et les unités bord de route (UBR) de l’infrastructure. Les problématiques de nos travaux de recherche se concentrent sur la méthode de localisation des véhicules ayant effectué la transaction afin de pouvoir la valider et sur la sécurité de l’architecture proposée pour assurer l’échange de cette transaction. Afin de bien localiser les véhicules lors du passage au péage, notre approche propose la compréhension de la cinématique du véhicule par une modélisation adéquate à partir des données recueillies dans les messages coopératifs (CAM : Cooperative Awareness Message) en approche du péage. Cela améliorera les informations de géolocalisation déjà présentes. Notre objectif est d’arriver à une précision de moins d’un mètre pour distinguer 2 véhicules adjacents. D’autre part, le protocole de sécurité proposé permet d’assurer l’authentification des équipements participant à l’échange et à la validation de la transaction, l’intégrité des données échangées ainsi que la confidentialité des échanges compte tenu du contexte de communication sans-fil et de la sensibilité des données échangées. Une preuve de concept de la solution de télépéage utilisant la technologie ITS-G5 est développée et intègre nos deux contributions
The precise localization of vehicles and the security of communication are requirements that make almost of the services provided in intelligent transport systems (ITS) more reliable. In recent years, they have been the subject of numerous research projects for various fields of application. In this thesis, the context is the development of an electronic toll service using the ITS-G5 technology. This wireless communication technology initially allows the sharing of traffic safety information between vehicles (V2V), vehicle and infrastructure (V2I). In our work, we propose a tolling application using equipment operating in ITS-G5 embedded in the connected vehicles and roadside units. For this, ensuring both precise geolocation of the vehicles and security of communication are required to validate the transaction.In order to properly locate the vehicles during the toll crossing, our approach is based on the understanding of the kinematics of the vehicle through a suitable modeling from the data collected in the cooperative messages (called CAM: Cooperative Awareness Message). This approach aims to improve the geolocation information already present in the message. Our goal is to achieve vehicle localization with an accuracy lower than one meter to distinguish two adjacent vehicles. On the other hand, the proposed tolling protocol ensures the authentication of the equipment or entities involved in the exchange and the validation of the transaction, the integrity of the transmitted data as well as the confidentiality of the communication. In this way, we take into account the context of the wireless communication and the sensitivity of the exchanged data. Our two contributions are integrated in the implemented Proof of Concept of the tolling application using the ITS-G5 technology

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Svatoš, Ivo. "Vyhodnocení technicko-ekonomických parametrů pro rozšíření elektronického mýtného v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232800.

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The work evaluated on the basis of commonly available data some of the implications of collection toll of highway D1 and D5. It focuses on identifying potential alternative routes by using statistics of national traffic census. On these routes it evaluates the changes of traffic safety, which can show the change of traffic intensity of trucks. Next part evaluates potential economic benefits of bypassing toll routes. In the end it notes possible scenarios of impacts extended toll zones to the above fact findings.

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13

伊藤, 和明, Kazuaki Ito, 由紀子山口, Yukiko Yamaguchi, 信夫河口, Nobuo Kawaguchi, 茂樹松原, Shigeki Matsubara, 康善稲垣, and Yasuyoshi Inagaki. "拡張性を備えたオープンな電話対話システム開発ツールTEDDI." 情報処理学会, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6885.

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Berrios-Ayala, Mark. "Brave New World Reloaded: Advocating for Basic Constitutional Search Protections to Apply to Cell Phones from Eavesdropping and Tracking by Government and Corporate Entities." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1547.

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Imagine a world where someone’s personal information is constantly compromised, where federal government entities AKA Big Brother always knows what anyone is Googling, who an individual is texting, and their emoticons on Twitter. Government entities have been doing this for years; they never cared if they were breaking the law or their moral compass of human dignity. Every day the Federal government blatantly siphons data with programs from the original ECHELON to the new series like PRISM and Xkeyscore so they can keep their tabs on issues that are none of their business; namely, the personal lives of millions. Our allies are taking note; some are learning our bad habits, from Government Communications Headquarters’ (GCHQ) mass shadowing sharing plan to America’s Russian inspiration, SORM. Some countries are following the United States’ poster child pose of a Brave New World like order of global events. Others like Germany are showing their resolve in their disdain for the rise of tyranny. Soon, these new found surveillance troubles will test the resolve of the American Constitution and its nation’s strong love and tradition of liberty. Courts are currently at work to resolve how current concepts of liberty and privacy apply to the current conditions facing the privacy of society. It remains to be determined how liberty will be affected as well; liberty for the United States of America, for the European Union, the Russian Federation and for the people of the World in regards to the extent of privacy in today’s blurred privacy expectations.
B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies

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Lin, Shuei-Mu, and 林水木. "A Mobile Electronic Toll Collection System." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01970085444028696821.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
電機工程學系
92
GSM mobile communication has been used vastly, an electronic toll collection system (ETC) can be established from mobile stations (cell phones) though this system. This thesis presents a simple ETC protocol for transactions among mobile stations to toll stations to complete pay-receipt function in a very short duration. The proposed ETC will be useful to fixed toll stations in free ways or bridges, or ramps to any high ways or free ways, and even to un-manned toll parking lots. The proposed system is preliminarily tested with car hardware, road side hardware, and transaction software with good results.

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Tai, Yi-Yun, and 戴怡芸. "marketing strategy of electronic toll collection system." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10119364822685692995.

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Chiang, Hai Yu, and 江海瑜. "Cloud parking information and electronic toll collection system." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26cw9h.

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Yi-Chun, Tsai. "Efficient Electronic Toll Collection Protocol for Intelligent Transport System." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0002-2806200618044500.

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Ku, Ta-chun, and 顧大君. "The Study of Contactless Fare and Toll Collection System." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57817152217465925218.

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碩士
國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
86
Contactless smart card has been successfully used in fare and toll collection systems in many countries for years. However, the application of contactless smart card system is not yet utilized in Taiwan. To examine the alternatives and challenges of application of contactless smart card in Taiwan''s fare and toll collection systems, this study is first to analyze the background and application of contactless smart card system by the cost/benefit evaluation method. Next, the study conducted detail analysis on each system and sub-system components. Several proposals for the application and integration of contactless smart card system under Taiwan''s unique transportation environment are evaluated using Analytic Hierarchy Process Method (AHP). It concluded that the central parts of contactless smart card system are consisted by card issuing unit, auditing unit, and clearing unit. In order to minimize the operation risks and conflicts, there should be only one card issuing unit and different parties in charge of auditing and clearing functions.

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Tsai, Yi-Chun, and 蔡宜君. "Efficient Electronic Toll Collection Protocol for Intelligent Transport System." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10458206275702108519.

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碩士
淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
94
Thanks to the rapid development recently in intelligent transport systems (ITS), especially in electronic toll collection (ETC), it has become easier for people to do electronic non-stop transactions at the lanes. This paper proposes an efficient electronic toll collection protocol for intelligent transport system. The proposed protocol, based on one-way hash functions and smart cards, provides mutual authentication when the user enters and exits the superhighway for toll collection. Each station in the protocol can handle many users at one time. The protocol works without the help of GPS. The proposed protocol is more efficient than any others.

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Lai, Ping-Jung, and 賴炳榮. "Measure of Effective for Electronic Toll Collection System in Toll Plaza:Application of TTPS Model." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25805855891474614247.

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碩士
國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
87
In this research we survey the operation process of Electronic Toll Collection System and use the Even-Driven Toll Plaza Stimulation Model (TTPS) to stimulate the performance when at different allocation . Besides, we discuss the factors that influence the Tolling Collection performance , such as the lane location , user proportion , the number of lane etc. , and Measure of their effective to the Toll Plaza. From our on-the-spot investigation ,we find that the Electronic Toll Collection System lanes indeed have higher service capacity than manual collection lanes . The stimulation results also find that , if we allocate single collection lane at the innermost (or outermost) side , the Measure of Effective (MOE,s) is optimum and it will decrease if we allocate incline to the central lane .On the other hand , the increasing users and lanes of collection system will generate the higher Performance of Service.

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Ho, Ji-Ding, and 何基鼎. "Investigating Factors Affecting the Adoption of Electronic Toll Collection system." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g2g9m4.

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碩士
國立中央大學
資訊管理研究所
94
Because of the flourishing development of the economy in Taiwan, the personal income is raised quickly and the amount of automobile increasing violently. The result of the situation is traffic jam which frequently appeared at every toll station, especially during holidays. That is a very anxious situation to people using the expressway. In order to improve this situation, the establishment of ETC (electronic toll collection) system has been a hot topic and dominant trend in many countries. Many of the developed countries have adopted ETS system in their expressways to improve the efficiency and decrease the cost of charging tolls. Furthermore, the ETC system is listed in the head of the most important traffic policies by the Taiwan government. And, the ETC system is build and operated by a private company. Though the ETC system has already been launched, the people's intention to use ETC is still low. Therefore, understanding how to shift people’s habit from using the artificial toll system to the ETC system and how to raise the efficiency of tolling and release the jam in expressway is an important issue. Aim to these questions, the objective of this study is to research factors affecting people’s intention to adopt ETC system. This research regards action theory as the foundation to explain the behavior of people adopting ETC system. According the situation of ETC system, this research discussed “diffusion of innovation theory”, “perceived risk theory”, and “procedural justice theory”. After these discussions, this study think that the “attitude”, “subjective norm”, “perceived behavior control”, “perceived risk” are the factors which affect people’s “behavior intention” to adopt ETC system. Besides, “relative advantage”, “perceived ease of use”, and “procedural justice” are factors which affect people’s “attitude to use ETC system”. Additionally, the “financial risk” and “the performance risk” are factors which affect “perceived risk”. Finally, this research thinks that “procedure justice” is the moderating variable which affects the relation of “behavior intention” and “attitude”. The research approached by “the questionnaire investigation method”, collected 245 samples, and used LISREL and SPSS to analyze the data to examine the direct result hypothesis and the moderating affection hypothesis of this research. The result of the research is found: 1.“The relative advantage”, “the perceived ease of use”, and ”the procedure justice” affect people’s attitude to use ETC system. 2.“Financial risk” and “performance risk” affect “the perceived risk” which is known by people. 3.“Attitude to use ETC system”, “subjective norm”, “perceived behavior control” positively affect “intention to adopt ETC system”. And “perceived risk” negative affect “intention to adopt ETC system”. 4.“Procedure justice” certainly is the moderating variable which affects the relation of “intention to adopt ETC system” and “attitude to use ETC system”.

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Chang, Chiao-Yi, and 張喬怡. "The Policy Change of Electronic Toll Collection System : An Evolutionary Perspective." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41179871138673728829.

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碩士
淡江大學
公共行政學系公共政策碩士班
95
Using case study and policy change theory, this paper mainly analysis which factor affects ETC policy change? The theory first introduces the concept of policy change, the type and the reasons for change, and then narratives the 4I model which was adopted in this paper. The ETC policy from plans to carry out the stage actually because of each kind of factor, by state-operated transfers BOT. After transferring BOT, it also induces many arguments. Following chapters focus on introducing the historical evolution of the ETC policy. By seeking influential factors, this paper hopes that could contribute to future studying of ETC policy. The ETC policy almost last for ten years, through the Chinese telecommunication budget-cutting, changes picks the BOT decision-making transition, to afterwards by far passed obtains the most superior applicant, but actually suffered the Higher Administrative Court on February 24th. 2006 to abolish the most superior applicant qualifications. The Highest Administrative Court recognized that the ETC policy tender violated the equal principle fairly On August 3rd. 2006, therefore the ETC document must tender again. By unifying the document and the theory, this paper finds that the ideas, individuals, the interests and the institutions will mutually affect. In the ETC policy change process, comparatively is easy the factor which observes is "individual’s factor" and "the institutions factor", the main reasons are individuals and institutions have apparent behavior, but the interests and the ideas hide in the achievement. Finally, the last chapter explains the find out of this research and promotes some suggestions for future study

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HSIANG, LIU YU, and 劉宇湘. "Application of Radio Frequency Identification Technology for Electronic Toll Collection System." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17547369154680466494.

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碩士
高苑科技大學
資訊科技應用研究所
100
Utilization of the highway from the Republic of China 90 years to 100 years, will be 500 million units average annual Freeway Toll points by the car dealers, In addition to the problem of highway traffic congestion outside the second is the issue of fees, and how to the car passing toll station to reduce waiting time for payment. Although the ETC system can reduce the waiting time but the speed is still to be reduced to 70 km, according to ETC statistical Ministry until the end of 2010 while the rate was only 38.61% to, usage, and acceptance is not high. Freeway Bureau is currently implemented in the State Road charging method is the use of terms of the fee, charged some speculation in this manner the driver to go through the toll booths in front, will be under the highway bypass highway toll station to continue driving in the back, this can save tolls. To improve these shortcomings, this study of RFID technology into electronic payment systems, And the location of the toll freeway to enter into the exchange crossing, Not in a moving way to stop payment and in charge of fairness can be achieved, and through this system is not just for improved ease of use, fees and equity and reduce labor cost and other effects of payment convenience.

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25

Shih, Ting-Wen, and 施婷雯. "Developing additional functions of on-board-unit in electronic toll collection system." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15951039018194756315.

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碩士
國立成功大學
電信管理研究所
93
Abstract 　ETC, also known as a nonstop toll collection system, enables the automatic, cashless payment of road tolls as vehicles drive through toll gates, by means of wireless communications between toll gate antennas and terminals mounted in vehicles. The basic function of on-board-unit is charging now. With the gradual progress of technology, the application of OBU is no longer confined to the application of electronic charging. There should be more various application of OBU. But what kind of application that can satisfy consumers should be developed. 　The research probes the correlated application base on dedicated short range communication and vehicle position system and draw up many options of additional application. The importance of additional applications is analyzed by using the professional ability of professors and Gray Statistics in the first stage. Consumers are objects of study in the second stage. Stimuli are composed of the final additional functions from the first stage by orthogonal design. I apply conjoint analysis to get the importance of additional functions and the structure of preference sequence. Furthermore, the research also applies market segmentation that there are demographic segmentation, behavioral segmentation and clustered-based segmentation to understand the preference structure of every market segment. 　The most three additional functions of whole market or market segmentation are the same. Those are emergency rescue, road information and the multi-function IC card. The development of OBU can first think about the three functions. Clustered-based segmentation does cluster analysis with the part-worth utility of every level of every function. The result is three markets that are “basic function group”, “preferring travel information group” and “subjective preference group”. ”subjective preference group” is first considered the goal market in the future. Making marketing strategy in the future can think about the preference sequence of goal market then decide the direction and the key point of marketing strategy.

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Shen, Yi-Ju, and 沈怡如. "A Study of User Characteristics for Electronic Toll Collection System in Taiwan." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58945066050284977458.

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碩士
國立交通大學
運輸科技與管理學系
98
Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system can significantly reduce the queue occurred in front of the highway toll stations which is one of the causes of traffic jam.The success of ETC heavily rely on the amount of on-board-unit (OBU) installations. The purpose of this research is to examine the characteristics of users and non-users of ETC. The findings of this research can be used to promote the OBU installation rate. The survival analysis is proposed for this study considering three variable classifications, which are vehicle characteristic variables, social-economic variables and trip characteristic variables to analysis. The result of this study showed that the average waiting time of the OBU installation is 1133 days. We also find that the main ETC user group is civil servants, people with professional occupations (such as lawyers and technicians), domestic vehicles owners, young people, or long-distance travelers.

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Teng, Hung-Chi, and 鄧鴻吉. "Research of Electronic Toll Collection System in Demand on National Highway in Various Countries." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89694158583595315376.

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碩士
大葉大學
國際企業管理學系碩士在職專班
95
Because of population growth and own vehicle amounts constant increasing in recent years, and it is very important to improve the present artificial charge, and be-come electronic charging technology. The ETC system could create benefits such as increasing the capacity of toll sta-tions, reducing paying time, and minimizing air pollution. Only improve the automatic electronic charging which combines such new science and technology as the electron, computer and communication, and it could be reached to no stopping and cash-free chargeable service. This research does analysis to the electronic toll collection on the freeways in various countries, and find out a suitable electronic toll collection system and charging model by the scholar's scoring model for compatriot. By the research, the conclusion and proposition of study could be offered Highway Administration Bureau and the operation company to consult and propose.

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Wu, Yi-chun, and 吳依純. "A Study on the Adoption of Distance-Based Toll Collection System for Freeway Drivers." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57268547357684858525.

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碩士
國立嘉義大學
行銷與運籌研究所
99
Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) is part of an Intelligent Transportation System. It is an information technology-based system allow drivers install On-Board Units (OBU) with a smartcard inserted that electronically identifies and charges vehicles as they pass through a tollbooth without stopping or slowing down. The current ETC is a toll-based collection system in Taiwan. Since tollbooths on freeways are located approximately every 40 km, lots of freeway users are toll-free, especially in metropolitan areas. Despite the potential benefits for reducing traffic congestion, the utilization rate of ETC for drivers has been lower than expected. In order to alleviate traffic delay in tollbooths and consider equity principle in toll collection, the electronic distance-based charging system (EDBS) will be implemented overall on freeways in December 2012. Because of the low utilization rate of ETC in Taiwan, many studies have explored the factors affecting the attitude and intention of ETC service adoption. However, the prior experience has not been taken as an affective factor. The experience is not only a major factor of adoption for technology-related information system, but also directly affects personal attitude and behavior. The objective of this study is to investigate the critical antecedents of drivers’ intention of EDBS service adoption by integrating Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), and prior experience of ETC. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is applied to construct the relationship and hypothesis examined in this study. AMOS and SPSS software are used to analyze the data of questionnaire collected from 341 drivers on the freeway service area. Through the data analysis from freeway drivers, it can be shown that attributes of perceived fairness, perceived cost, perceived risk, perceived value, and prior experience of ETC positively engender drivers’ intention of EDBS service adoption. The results also show attribute of perceived risk only influences the drivers who have not installed OBU for ETC service and attribute of perceived ease of use strongly influences the drivers who have installed OBU. The drivers’ perceived value of EDBS service will positively increase the usage of the system. These findings reveal strategy implications for the promotion and implementation of EDBS service adoption, and might help to better manage the system implementation in the future.

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Tsai, Chia-Shen, and 蔡甲申. "Analysis of Choice Behavior of Road Users on the Freeway Electronic Toll Collection System." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11364541627066024688.

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碩士
國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
93
Traffic congestion frequently occurs in the freeway toll station areas during the rush hours, under existing fare collection system, which not only increase travel time of road users, but also reduce overall level of service of the freeway system. In order to improve these disadvantages, electronic toll collection (ETC) system is being established and will be operated soon. According to the implementation plan, both frequency-based electronic toll collection and existing manual operation will be adopted for the initial stage, and then fully automatic distance-based toll collection scheme will replace all the manual operation. However, the success of the ETC plan heavily depends on the road users’ acceptance of installation of On Board Unit (OBU). Therefore, it is worth while to explore the characteristics of choice behavior of road users in this regard. This study begins with an overall review of the developments of ETC system both inside and outside the country, choice alternatives for both stage of development is then proposed on the basis of ETC operator’s plan. A two-stage questionnaire survey is conducted to collect relevant data of road users’ choice behavior, using the stated preference method. The surveyed data are analyzed, and being used to calibrate discrete choice models. Finally, sensitivity analysis of main factors is performed to estimate the effect on choice behavior under different scenarios. In addition, several marketing strategies of ETC operator are also evaluated using the choice model. Drivers of passenger cars are selected as the scope of this study. The alternatives of frequency-based stage include equipping OBU and non-equipping OBU; the alternatives of distance-based stage include equipping OBU and renting OBU. The result shows that during the frequency-based stage, factors including the safety of OBU, the time saved by ETC user, the price of OBU, the life span of OBU, the frequency of driving on the freeway, the income and education level of the traveler, have significant influence on the choice behavior. On the other hand, during the distance-based stage, factors including the price, the rent or the deposit, the life span of OBU, the frequency of driving on the freeway, and the income of the traveler significantly affect the choice behavior. The results of this study can provide many useful information for ETC operator and the related government agencies.

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Lee, George Ming-Chiao, and 李明橋. "The Development of An Auto-ID based Information System – Using Electronic Toll Collection System as an Example." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34787947487853011248.

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碩士
國立交通大學
資訊管理研究所
92
Auto-ID is an automatic identification system developed by MIT, and will eventually be used in all kinds of management information systems. Auto-ID is a technology aimed to change the world of logistics. It is an open standard, using low cost RFID tags to achieve its goal. Current Auto-ID applications focus on supply chain management and inventory control. This research will use the Auto-ID standard to design architecture suitable of freeway electronic toll collection systems. The capacity of freeway is no longer enough to handle the increasing traffic each year. The freeway is often congested, resulting in waste of both time and money. In the studies of freeway congestion, the most often congested areas is around toll-collection stations. It is apparent the current toll collection scheme needs to be improved, and using the Auto-ID technology to identify vehicles is the most viable solution. Therefore in this research we will focus not only the automatic vehicle identification system, but also consider the implementation of Auto-ID systems as well. We will survey the requirements of freeway electronic toll collection system. First, we emphasize on automatic identification mechanism, and Auto-ID component design issues. Then we make computer simulations on the architecture designed. Finally, we conclude our results for suggestion and future researches.

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Hsiao, Ching-Wen, and 蕭清文. "The Science and Technology Innovation – A Case Study for Far Eastern Electronic Toll Collection System." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9rq347.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
107
In line with national transportation policy, Far Eastern Electronic Toll Collection company (FETC) received a project from National Highway Bureau to entrust the electronic toll collection plan and launched on February 10th 2006. In 2011, FETC established its own developed RFID electronic toll collection system which meets ISO 18000-6C standard as eTag system. Since its operation, it has maintained a very high detection rate of 99.9998%. However, behind this success, FETC received a lot of crisis in the process of building the system, and even faced the dilemma of being unable to continue operating. This study will be conducted in the form of a Harvard case study to explore issues such as crisis management, technological innovation and change management through case studies. Learn how to use technology innovation model to turn the crisis into a turnaround, and finally complete this world initiative together with the government, and have won many international awards. In addition, the company is based on the telecom service model, and has built an innovative service model centered on road users to create a corporate vision of “convenient driving, smart transportation, and quality life”.

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32

Lee, Yen-Chi, and 李彥圻. "The Policy Paradox of Highway’s Electronic Toll Collection System: The Perspective of Transaction Cost Theory." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80385672911298488000.

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碩士
銘傳大學
公共事務學系碩士班
101
This study focuses on the policy paradox of public-private partnership, using Electronic Toll Collection in Highway ( ETC ) as an example. This paper will argue that Transaction Cost Economics can provide a framework for the performance evaluation of the Public-Private Partnership, as well as giving transaction costs of ETC, and a method of analyzing the impact of environmental factors on policy. The research methods are primarily in-depth interviewing, document analysis. The research findings are as follows: (1) the case shows little mutual trust and inadequate communication; (2) the hidden information of the private sector increases the costs for the public sector; (3)the public sector has to tolerate the private sector’s breach of contract in exchange of the achievement of policy objectives; (4) both sectors need an integrated unit to run the partnership; (5) the discretion of the public sector also results in the increasing of cost for the private sector; (6) the monitor of the third sector fall short of correct information; (7) the lack of resources, including needed technology, of the public sector gives the chance for private sector to become a threat; (8) once the equilibrium established, it is hard to be broken.

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33

Yeh, Yu-Houng, and 葉昱宏. "Analysis of Time Dependent Origin-Destination Matrix Estimation on Freeway with Electronic Toll Collection System Information." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06269533018824051164.

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碩士
淡江大學
運輸管理學系碩士班
98
Dynamic origin-destination (O-D) is defined by the trips production from the origin to the destination in certain time interval. It is essential and compulsory raw data for transportation planning and traffic management. With the traffic parameters collected from vehicle detector(VD), only information of the production ends can be recorded, but the trip attraction of the dynamic O-D matrices however can not be identified simultaneously. Recently, with the helps of the Electronic Toll Collection(ETC) system operation, we could obtain the ETC dynamic O-D by integrating information of origin and destination from the on board unit(OBU). However, the overall dynamic O-D matrix of the toll way remains unsolved with this limited information. This research regards the volume of trip production and the ETC O-D matrix as observation information, and unknown O-D trip table as the state variables. Then we can develop brand new system model to solve this problem. Employing adaptuve Kalman filter algorithm, the dynamic O-D matrix can be estimated. Finally, the simulation simple case will illustrate the whole algorithm process.

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34

Jiang, Min-Liang, and 蔣旻良. "The Study of Mutual-dependence of Governance and Policy Implementation － Electronic Toll Collection System of National Freeway." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09155213294950976486.

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碩士
國立東華大學
公共行政研究所
97
Abstract As the advance of technology, the electronic transportation system is widely used in most of countries. After our country electronic toll collection system execution, report shows that the BOT tender process is illegal and affects the Public’s trust. After twice administrative court’s sentence, it shows that the contract between national freeway bureau and the Yuan-Tong Dian-Shou Company do not legally exist. The public suspect the legality of using electronic of the transportation system. This impact the performance and usage of the electronic toll collection. Therefore, this article investigates the usage of the mutual-dependence of governance and policy implementation in electronic toll collection may affect the public’s confidence and the performance of electronic toll collection. This research amend “The Mutual-Dependence of Governance and Policy Implementation” provided by Professor Hen-Chin Chen and join “feedback” and “policy acceptance” into the theory. To negotiate acceptable range between public sector, private sector and civil society approves that trust in governance is a dynamic process. Besides, this article uses “content analysis” and “subordinative categories” to investigate the content of newspaper. Through using four times scale, we deeply investigate the content and how the contents change. This also approves the study of “Mutual-Dependence of Governance”. The process of the study, we obtain the following conclusions. First, the trust of social capital will directly affect the implementation of governance’s policy and the trust come from whether the legality of contract of the Yuan-Tong Dian-Shou Company. Second, the theory of the Mutual-Dependence of Governance and Policy Implementation is a dynamic process. This dynamic process goes through “feedback” between public sector, private sector and society.

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35

ZHENG, GUANG-FU, and 鄭光甫. "Research of the operations with BOT on public construction- case by national highway electronic toll collection system." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mubb5k.

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碩士
正修科技大學
經營管理研究所
101
In current, many example of private or public partnership with Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) on their highway systems, but Taiwan has the first example using BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) approach for ETC alone. As an integral part, ETC should have high degree of correlation to the history and policy making process of highway toll policy in Taiwan. This research are try to use a case study method, and case research above the management experience of ETC, make a collection and analysis with policy intention by political point while public works BOT formulation and implementation of laws and regulations, and make recommendations. The results show that the implementation of BOT in the system and there is still considerable room for improvement but also by findings extend as technology, transformation, economic and policy aspects of the underlying proposition, while this study found that implementation of the relevant technical personnel actually BOT shortages, should pay attention to personnel training.

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36

Wang, Yu-Pei, and 王玉貝. "Benefit-Cost Evaluation of Electronic Toll Collection System －Case of National Freeway No.1 & No.3 in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96258980632046429318.

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碩士
國立東華大學
高階經營管理碩士在職專班
96
As the national conditions are varied in different countries, the benefits of Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) obtained are also various. Before the implementation of the ETC System, the benefit and cost evaluation is the most important criterion for the decision whether and how to built the ETC. There are over two years from 2006 February till April 2008, when ETC has been implemented in the first phase in Taiwan. In the first phase, the ETC fee collection is based on car-time in National Freeway No.1 and No.3. Many predictions and assumed parameters in the pre-analysis have already reduced their uncertainty in comparison of the present situations. These post-analysis attempts not only to confirm the pre-analysis data but also to carry on more accurate assessment to its future's benefits. In our research, we use the mathematical and engineering economic methods to find out the benefits and costs in different stakeholders. We simulated three scenario analyses to investigate the parameters by changing its assumptions on the time-saving, fuel-saving, environmental improvement and user’s cost as well as the resulting variations in different stakeholders. We also compare our research with Miss Shu Ru, Lin in 2001 research, the result of pre- and post- analysis shown that the benefits and costs still effect by the average annual traffic growth rate, ETC market share and OBU stalled rate. In this research, we try to find out the relationship between ETC market share and OBU installed rate. The finding is, to raise 1% of OBU installed rate may increase 2.37% of the ETC market share.

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37

陳聖詠. "Integration of systemic thinking in the electronic toll collection system by the impact of lightning due to analysis and application." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99857266876665458045.

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碩士
逢甲大學
專案管理碩士在職專班
105
One way of defining problems is to clarify the scope or context of the problems. Since 2014, methods of the freeway toll collection have been fully changed from manual labor and single-lane infrared electronic toll collection to multi-lane-free flow (MLFF) radio frequency identification (RFID) electronic toll collection. The electronic toll collection (ETC) system uses full direct current precision toll detection and collection equipment and complies with the standard specifications for the installation of electrical equipment. In addition to transmitting large quantities of data, operating optimally around the clock under the influence of different atmospheric conditions is a severe challenge faced by the nationwide ETC equipment. During the first year after implementing the distance-based toll payment system, the ETC service encountered natural disasters caused by continuous lightning strikes. This inspired us to find the best solution against lightning to maintain optimal functionality of the ETC service. A logic tool method can be used to analyze strategies and find supporting policies to solve the abovementioned problems. This study employed systematic analysis methods of fishbone diagram, mental model, and affinity diagram in order to address the problem of the different aspects of analysis results, find solutions by collecting problems from the aspects of convergence and divergence, and investigate the related interactivity and dynamic variability of the problems to converge and solve the problems as well as propose and implement policies through systems thinking (foraging methods of octopuses). Key words: fishbone diagram method, systems thinking, mental model method, affinity diagram method, foraging method of octopuses, ETC, lightning strike.

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38

Hsu, Po-Chih, and 許博智. "Application of Kano-IPA mode and Quality Function Deployment for the Service Quality Improvement of Highway Electronic Toll Collection (eTag) System." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29v2ua.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
資訊管理研究所
102
Far Eastern Electronic Toll Collection Co. (FETC) was commissioned by Taiwan Area National Freeway Bureau to set up the Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) service, to cooperate with the national transportation policies. The new distance-based system has started since December 30th, 2013, and charges road users according to their travel distances on the national highways. There are several benefits from the ETC system (called eTag). For instance, the users enjoy driving on freeway without stopping to pay toll. In addition, the reduction of oil consumption and improvement of air and noise quality will also be achieved. However, since the new system is still in its inception stage, the penetration rate of eTag has not reached the predetermined threshold and FETC still needs to improve the system and the relevant services. This research aims to investigate the service qualities of eTag and proposes improvement strategies for eTag to enhance its service qualities. The Kano two-dimension quality model is adopted to examine the service qualities of eTag. Furthermore, the result of Kano model is integrated in the quality function development (QFD) method to propose the improvement strategies and to determine their implementation priority. The result of the Kano model shows that the eTag users focus more on the convenience. This coincides with the most important improvement strategy “increasing eTag service stations” determined by QFD method.

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39

Machado, Sérgio Henrique Martins Costa Pascoal. "Tolling collection system technology benchmarking." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/8788.

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Orientação: José Luís de Azevedo Quintino Rogado ; co-orientação: Pedro Malta
Os sistemas de tolling estão instalados em todo o mundo, tem como base o financiamento e manutenção das estradas. Existem diversas tecnologias para identificar a passagem de cada veículo. Mas quais os problemas que podem advir deste conjunto diversificado de tecnologias? Quais as tendências e recomendações que podem ser feitas para implementar um sistema de cobrança electrónico? Neste âmbito, este trabalho visa apresentar um conjunto de recomendações na implementação de projectos em tolling no âmbito da actividade da Q-Free. Com base num inquérito realizado através dos vários escritórios espalhados por todo mundo (Noruega, Chile, Portugal e Brasil) obteve-se um conjunto de repostas que evidenciaram as tecnologias e tendências da implementação de projectos de tolling. Seguiu-se a realização de duas entrevistas no sentido de validar os resultados dos questionários e posteriormente proporcionar à empresa uma base fidedigna de informação para a decisão no âmbito destes projectos. Esta dupla abordagem, qualitativa e quantitativa à metodologia de inquérito (survey) permitiu contribuir com as recomendações referidas para uma necessidade empresarial sempre que se deparar com um novo projecto de tolling.
The tolling systems are installed all over the world, based on the financing and maintenance of the roads. There are several technologies to identify the passage of each vehicle. What problems can appear from this diverse set of technologies, what trends and recommendations can be made to implement an Electronic Toll.? In this context, this work aim to suggest a set of recommendations in the implementation of tolling projects within the scope of Q-Free activity. Based on a survey, carried out through the global offices (Norway, Chile, Portugal and Brazil), a set of answers was obtained that show the technologies and trends to be used in the implementation of tolling projects. Two interviews were followed to validate the results of the survey and to provide the company with a reliable basis of information for the decision in these projects. This qualitative and quantitative mix approach to the survey methodology allow the contribute with the mentioned recommendations for a business need whenever a new project come across.

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40

Huang, Shang-Yuan, and 黃上原. "A study on consumers’ intention of usage of Electronic Toll Collection systems." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65000079082486188478.

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碩士
國立成功大學
電信管理研究所
94
Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) is considered one of the cores of the Intelligent Transportation System throughout the world. The system will replace manual toll collection electronically; provide the benefits of increasing toll plaza capacity and cut down collection time. The statistics of traffic and real-time information collected systematized through the ETC system creates the opportunity of reaching the goal of electronic collection and traffic management (ETTM). 　　Due to the lack of ETC marketing literature research explores ETC by taking into account three major issues, the consumer characteristics, the product characteristics, and the environmental factors. 　　The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to analyze the data of questionnaire collected from 225 pedestrians on the freeway service area. The results show the consumer characteristics and product characteristics influence the intention directly.

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Yang, Yu-Ting, and 楊于廷. "Analysis and visualization of freeway traffic data from Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x6kyj3.

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碩士
國立政治大學
應用物理研究所
107
In this thesis we analyze the average speed and traffic flows in each segment between two adjacent toll gantries on national freeways in Taiwan using data recorded by Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) systems. Our analysis is based on two data sets provided by the Traffic Information Service of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, namely (1) the M03A Data Set which records the traffic flow per five minutes per day passing through each toll gantry; (2) the M05A Data Set which records the traffic volume and average speed of vehicles passing through the two adjacent gantries every five minutes a day. Dividing a day into 24 hours, we analyze the road-segment-wise average speed and traffic volume collected for one year or a certain period of time, and arrange the data into 24 time-intervals representing 24 hours a day. At the same time, we create freeway network maps according to the geographic coordinates of toll gantries and freeways to display our traffic data (analyzed for the year 2017) with freeway network maps; in this way one can gain an overview of the multi-parameter traffic data. In addition, we analyze the traffic data for the Dragon Boat Festival four-day holiday in 2016 and in 2017 in order to examine whether the charging policy implemented in 2016 affected the traffic flows of various time intervals. Our data analysis and visualization were carried out using Python and scripting languages, such as AWK.

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Cai, Ba-Lun, and 蔡伯倫. "Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for Procurement of Technology Systems - an Application of Electronic Toll Collection Systems." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18605788176144250946.

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碩士
義守大學
土木與生態工程學系碩士班
98
The implementation of the Electronic Toll Collection systems is one of the most important plans for the completion of the Intelligent Transportation System. The first ETC system in Taiwan established completely in year 2005. However its efficiency doesn’t seem to be significant. The inefficiency results from the traditional tender process which is unable to meet the need from different aspects. Therefore, developing a tender process that can be suitable for the high technical ETC system is urgent, and it is also the goal of the research. In this research, the reformed tender process includes constructing a system framework, establishing the evaluation criteria, weighting the criteria, and performing system evaluation. The system demand framework is built by considering all mutual unit related to the ETC. The Modified Delphi Method is implemented to form evaluation criteria via criterion discussion and expert interview. The ETC criterion framework is created by allocating criteria into different classification layers. The weights for all criteria are obtained by using the FAHP method. The research collects 28 criteria and classifies these items into five classification layers including traffic manager layer, ETC manager layer, user layer, equipment cost layer, and equipment implementation layer. The surveys use CV and Cronbach''s α values to analyze uniformity, and the Kendall''s W to analyze the criterion relevance. Computations have shown that the survey data are highly consistent and all criteria are with low similarity. Therefore, the set of criteria is proved to be suitable for the ETC implementation. The simulated tender event is operated by simulating a tender invitation document and a simulated bidder’s service proposal for expert to evaluate. The model adopt the two methods, the General Score Technique and Price Per Score Point Method with the consideration of weighting, non-weighting, and layer weighting respectively to evaluate the system performance. The model uses multi-objective criteria to evaluate and select ETC systems which can be much more suitable to meet the system requirement. Moreover, it improves the difficulty of determining the evaluation criteria and their weights. The disadvantage of The Most Advantageous Tender evaluation system for assessment can also be avoided. This provides a role model for the further developing ETC systems and gives as a reference for the implementation of other ITS.

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Chen, Tun Tzu, and 陳敦慈. "A study of reception and satisfaction of freeway electronic toll collection systems in Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21508755234352943038.

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碩士
國立嘉義大學
行銷與運籌研究所
99
Electronic toll collection (ETC) system was established on January 1, 2006. Although the government and the ETC system operators have been promoting this system, the toll system failed to reach its estimated circulation expectation. This study focuses on identifying factors that influence the length of time freeway users switching from traditional pre-paid ticket to ETC system as well as the factors that influence their satisfaction toward the ETC system. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to the freeway users at freeway rest areas during the period between March 24 and April 5, 2011. A Cox regression model was applied and results show that trip purpose, frequent freeway users and experienced traffic conditions can significantly influence the time length of switching from traditional pre-paid ticket to ETC. Three ordered probit models were estimated and the results show that the service personnel attitude, Freeway 1 users, truck drivers and freeway users at age 21-35 tend to have higher degree of satisfaction.

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han, hung jr, and 洪志和. "Effect Factors on Innovation Diffusion of Electronic Toll Collection Systems by the Highway User." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86104992906749756023.

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碩士
亞洲大學
經營管理學系碩士班
95
Nowadays Electronic Tolling Collection (ETC) has become a major part in the development of modern intelligent transportation systems. Policy makers wish to replace the existing man-powered toll collection with ETC in an effort to increase the efficiency of toll collection, decrease fuel consumptions and pollutions, as well as collection of traffic raw data to support real-time information. Despite the advantages, ETC has not been widely accepted by the general public. Instead, it had become a controversial issue, generating many debates over its usage. It has fallen into a hidden “chasm” common for new products. In theories related to technology acceptance, nearly all new innovations are faced with the difficulty of crossing the “chasm”. Unless they become well received by the public and get over the “chasm”, the new inventions will quickly fade out of the market. In retrospect, most literatures analyze the “chasm” problem from a single perspective, either from the aspect of adopting or resisting a certain technology but the truth is when a new product is challenged with the “chasm”, it is often confronted with both opposing forces. Thus, this research, primarily based on the theory of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) proposed by Davis, combining with the positive factor (Innovation Adoption) of Rogers and the negative factor (Innovation Resistance) of Ram, looks at the “chasm” obstacle faced by ETC. The problem is further analyzed using linear structural relationships (LISREL) to model the development process of ETC in an effort to draw up a strategy for crossing the “chasm”. The research result shows both innovation adoption and innovation resistance attitude towards ETC co-exists, with the innovation adoption being more predominant. Drivers using ETC (innovation adoption) place the greatest importance on the usability factor and place the least importance on the availability of ETC trial whereas the most important and least important factors for non-adoption (innovation adoption) are economic barrier and image barrier respectively.

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Yeh, Cheng-Hou, and 葉政厚. "Measurement of the Communication Region of Infrared Short-Range Communication Systems for Electronic Toll Collection." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84298568041357580503.

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碩士
聖約翰科技大學
電子工程系碩士班
99
During the application of Electronic Toll Collection (ETC), infrared short-range communication system, requirements for the communication region, i.e. distance between onboard unit (OBU) and roadside unit (RSU) are very strict. To enhance the reliability of ETC’s communication, it is effective to extend its communication range. Thus, the design for ETC’s communication region is extremely important. A variety of data about radiation pattern of infrared light-emitting diode were gathered and statistically measured in this paper. The result also indicated that suitable infrared light-emitting diode can be picked for producing transmitter modules of RSU. Meanwhile, ETC’s communication region is analyzed theoretically as well as measured statistically to verify whether it can promote the system’s communication region.

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Yi-ChenTu and 杜易宸. "The Benefit and Cost Analysis of Distance-based Electronic Toll Collection Systems: The Case of Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ncrh63.

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碩士
國立成功大學
電信管理研究所
102
This study analyzes the benefits and costs of distance-based electronic toll collection (DB-ETC) implementation in Taiwan. The items of relevant costs and benefits perceived by road users, toll operator, and government are calculated, respectively, using developed assess formula and the data collected from the authority, toll operator, and related studies. The values of net benefits for the DB-ETC are presented in the forms of net present value (NPV), benefit-cost ratio (BCR), payback period (PP), and internal rate of return (IRR). The empirical results are summarized as follow. First of all, the implementation of the DB-ETC is an appropriate and correct policy. Total social net benefits are positive under two pricing schemes (i.e., scenario A is a high road charge rate with free mileage, but scenario B is a low road charge rate without free mileage), representing the DB-ETC benefits are occurred to the whole society and the advantages far outdo the disadvantages. Further, the comparison of social net benefits generated in the two schemes reveals that scenario B is a better option. The reason mainly lies in that a low road charge rate boosts the demand of freeway road users. The decision of whether road users enjoy a free mileage is only the matter of money transfer from road users to the government. Scenario B is also consistent with the core concept of DB-ETC, “user pays”. Nevertheless, the social net benefits at scenario A are even much higher than those elicited from toll station based ETC (TSB-ETC). This study has added several contributions to the existing literatures. It is the first to entirely implement the DB-ETC for toll collection in its freeway system (Cnyes, 2013). To the best knowledge, this study is the first one to evaluate the benefit and cost of the DB-ETC. Further, as compared to previous literature, more scopes of inflowing/outflowing road users and benefit and cost items are covered in this analysis. In particular, the spillover effect of the DB-ETC in freeway on other traffic networks in addition to the benefits and costs of inherent freeway road users are considered. In this study, social net benefits are evaluated and compared at different pricing schemes and the discussion is offered for explaining the difference in the net benefits. Finally, these benefit and cost items of the DB-ETC are measured in monetary terms. Hence, an academic reference is provided for the government in educating the public the benefits of DB-ETC and making road pricing decision in the future.

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Liu, Hui-Ying, and 劉蕙穎. "EXPLORING THE VALUE PROPOSITION FOR INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS SERVICE APPLICATION INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION SERVICE." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29682563109029463887.

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碩士
元智大學
企業管理學系
94
The purpose of this research is to utilize the concept of value proposition to build the development value of constructing a newly developing service industry. From the angle of value drives as the starting point, we establish the value proposition toward three different directions: service innovation, service need and service investment. Such an approach is applied to the analysis of the intelligent transportation systems service industry, in order to consider its feasibility, industry value, industry positioning and key competitiveness. This confirms that the establishment of value proposition can indeed lead to the development of this newly developing service industry. In addition, this research reveals that within the intelligent transportation system, there exist close relationships among its many subsystems, and the electronic toll collection sevice is the most representative one that would serve as a locomotive engine for the full development of the intelligent transportation system as an industry. Therefore, in this research, we take the electronic toll collection sevice for the case study of a real-life system. In the process, we have interviewed eight representative experts who had offered abundant information to come from government, industry, research institution, and academia. From the analysis of industry reports and the results of consultations, we find that the electronic toll collection sevice industry will offer many opportunities of growth. First of all, it can not only create a new type of service by itself, but also be further extended to many different types of service to meet the value demended by customers. Secondly, it provides an integrated system to improve the operation efficiency, image of the industry, and the return of investment. Finally, it raises the remuneration for potential investors to open up new applications for profits. In short, this research shows that it is feasible to develop the electronic toll collection sevice industry from a practical point of view and with suggestions for further development of the industry.

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HUANG, JU-YU, and 黃茹鈺. "Applying MES System to the Improvement of Collecting Productive Time - A Case study on R Company of Hand Tool Manufacturing." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82728138879612151963.

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49

Corkrey, Stephen Ross. "Exploring the use of interactive voice response as a population health tool." 2002. http://www.newcastle.edu.au/services/library/adt/public/adt-NNCU20030527.052149/index.html.

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50

Njova, Dion. "Evaluating of DNP3 protocol over serial eastern operating unit substations and improving SCADA performance." Diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27683.

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A thesis which models the DNP3 and IEC 61850 protocol in OPNET
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a critical part of monitoring and controlling of the electrical substation. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the performance of the Distributed Network Protocol Version 3.3 (DNP3) protocol and to compare its performance to that of International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) 61850 protocol in an electrical substation communication network environment. Building an electrical substation control room and installing the network equipment was going to be expensive and take a lot of time. The better option was to build a model of the electrical substation communication network and run simulations. Riverbend modeller academic edition known as Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) was chosen as a software package to model substation communication network, DNP3 protocol and IEC 61850 Protocol stack. Modelling the IEC 61850 protocol stack on OPNET involved building the used Open System Interconnection (OSI) layers of the IEC 61850 protocol stack onto the application definitions of OPNET. The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) configuration settings of DNP3 protocol were also modelled on the OPNET application definitions. The aim is to compare the two protocols and determine which protocol is the best performing one in terms of throughput, data delay and latency. The substation communication model consists of 10 ethernet nodes which simulate protection Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), 13 ethernet switches, a server which simulates the substation Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) and the DNP3 Protocol over TCP/IP simulated on the model. DNP3 is a protocol that can be used in a power utility computer network to provide communication service for the grid components. DNP3 protocol is currently used at Eskom as the communication protocol because it is widely used by equipment vendors in the energy sector. DNP3 protocol will be modelled before being compared to the new recent robust protocol IEC 61850 in the same model and determine which protocol is the best for Eskom on the network of the power grid. The network load and packet delay parameters were sampled when 10%, 50%, 90% and 100% of devices are online. The IEC 61850 protocol model has three scenarios and they are normal operation of a Substation, maintenance in a Substation and Buszone operation at a Substation. In these scenarios packet end to end delay of Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE), vi © University of South Africa 2020 Generic Substation Status Event (GSSE), Sampled Values (SV) and Manufacturing Messaging Specification (MMS) messages are monitored. The throughput from the IED under maintenance and the throughput at the Substation RTU end is monitored in the model. Analysis of the results of the DNP3 protocol simulation showed that with an increase in number of nodes there was an increase in packet delay as well as the network load. The load on the network should be taken into consideration when designing a substation communication network that requires a quick response such as a smart gird. GOOSE, GSSE, SV results on the IEC 61850 model met all the requirements of the IEC 61850 standard and the MMS did not meet all the requirements of the IEC standard. The design of the substation communication network using IEC 61850 will assist when trying to predict the behavior of the network with regards to this specific protocol during maintenance and when there are faults in the communication network or IED’s. After the simulation of the DNP3 protocol and the IEC 61850 the throughput of DNP3 protocol was determined to be in the range (20 – 450) kbps and the throughput of IEC61850 protocol was determined to be in the range (1.6 – 16) Mbps.
College of Engineering, Science and Technology
M. Tech. (Electrical Engineering)

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Toll Collection System'

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