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Journal articles on the topic 'Toll-like receptors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Lien, Egil, and Robin R. Ingalls. "Toll-like receptors." Critical Care Medicine 30, Suppl. (2002): S1—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200201001-00001.

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2

Erickson, Benjamin, Kirk Sperber, and William H. Frishman. "Toll-Like Receptors." Cardiology in Review 16, no. 6 (2008): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/crd.0b013e3181709fd8.

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3

Warren, H. Shaw. "Toll-like receptors." Critical Care Medicine 33, Suppl (2005): S457—S459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000185504.39347.5d.

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4

Shin, Ho. "Toll-like Receptors." British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 3, no. 1 (2013): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2013/2071.

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5

Muzio, Marta, and Alberto Mantovani. "Toll-like receptors." Microbes and Infection 2, no. 3 (2000): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1286-4579(00)00303-8.

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6

Moresco, Eva Marie Y., Diantha LaVine, and Bruce Beutler. "Toll-like receptors." Current Biology 21, no. 13 (2011): R488—R493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.039.

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7

Bilak, H., S. Tauszig-Delamasure, and J. L. Imler. "Toll and Toll-like receptors in Drosophila." Biochemical Society Transactions 31, no. 3 (2003): 648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0310648.

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The Drosophila Toll receptor controls the immune response to Gram-positive bacteria and fungi by activating a signalling pathway partially conserved throughout evolution. The Drosophila genome encodes eight additional Toll-related receptors, most of which appear to carry out developmental rather than immune functions. One exception may be Toll-9, which shares structural and functional similarities with mammalian TLRs.

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8

Akira, Shizuo. "Mammalian Toll-like receptors." Current Opinion in Immunology 15, no. 1 (2003): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-7915(02)00013-4.

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9

Akira, Shizuo. "Mammalian Toll-like receptors." Current Opinion in Immunology 15, no. 2 (2003): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-7915(03)00005-0.

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10

Modlin, Robert L. "Mammalian Toll-like receptors." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 88, no. 6 (2002): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61883-2.

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11

Blasius, Amanda L., and Bruce Beutler. "Intracellular Toll-like Receptors." Immunity 32, no. 3 (2010): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2010.03.012.

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12

Brownlie, Robert, and Brenda Allan. "Avian toll-like receptors." Cell and Tissue Research 343, no. 1 (2010): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00441-010-1026-0.

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13

Mallard, Carina. "Innate Immune Regulation by Toll-Like Receptors in the Brain." ISRN Neurology 2012 (October 14, 2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/701950.

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The innate immune system plays an important role in cerebral health and disease. In recent years the role of innate immune regulation by toll-like receptors in the brain has been highlighted. In this paper the expression of toll-like receptors and endogenous toll-like receptor ligands in the brain and their role in cerebral ischemia will be discussed. Further, the ability of systemic toll-like receptor ligands to induce cerebral inflammation will be reviewed. Finally, the capacity of toll-like receptors to both increase (sensitization) and decrease (preconditioning/tolerance) the vulnerability

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14

Kaisho, Tsuneyasu, and Shizuo Akira. "Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1589, no. 1 (2002): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-4889(01)00182-3.

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15

Lipinski, Jay H., Nicole R. Falkowski, Gary B. Huffnagle, et al. "Toll-like receptors, environmental caging, and lung dysbiosis." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 321, no. 2 (2021): L404—L415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00002.2021.

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Recent studies have implicated lung microbiota in shaping local alveolar immune responses. Toll-like receptors are major sensors of microbiota and determinants of local epithelial homeostasis. The impact of toll-like receptor deficiency on lung microbiota is unknown. To determine whether the absence of toll-like receptors results in altered lung microbiota or dysbiosis, we compared lung microbiota in wild-type and toll-like receptor-deficient experimental mice using 16S ribosomal RNA gene quantification and sequencing. We used a randomized environmental caging strategy to determine the impact

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16

Seya, Tsukasa, Masashi Shingai, and Misako Matsumoto. "Toll-like receptors that sense viral infection." Uirusu 54, no. 1 (2004): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2222/jsv.54.1.

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17

Li, Xia, Dianxuan Guo, Ying Chen та Youdong Hu. "Toll-Like Receptors/TNF-α Pathway Crosstalk and Impact on Different Sites of Recurrent Myocardial Infarction in Elderly Patients". BioMed Research International 2022 (5 квітня 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1280350.

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Background. Recurrent myocardial infarction is associated with increased mortality. Risk and predictive factors of recurrent myocardial infarction in elderly patients after coronary stenting are not well known. This research sought to investigate the effects of proinflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptor on recurrent myocardial infarction after coronary stenting in elderly patients. Methods. We measured the levels of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-1 (sTNFR-1),

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18

Aksu, Tekin, Neslihan Karakurt, İrem Akar, et al. "Toll-Like Receptor Expression of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Treated Bone Marrow Donors." Acta Medica 51, no. 4 (2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32552/2020.actamedica.524.

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Objective: The present study was planned to examine the expression of Toll-like receptors on human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a result of in-vivo exposure to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with or without exposure of the cells to Toll-like receptors agonists. Materials and Methods: Toll-like receptor 2, 3, and 4 expressions of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from healthy human bone marrow donors exposed to in-vivo granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were analyzed, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor untreated donors served as controls. Also, mesenchymal stem

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19

Falck-Hansen, Mika, Christina Kassiteridi, and Claudia Monaco. "Toll-Like Receptors in Atherosclerosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 7 (2013): 14008–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms140714008.

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20

O'mahony, C., and N. Steedman. "Toll-like receptors: that's weird!" International Journal of STD & AIDS 21, no. 6 (2010): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2010.010184.

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21

Tobias, P. S., and L. K. Curtiss. "Toll-like receptors in atherosclerosis." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 6 (2007): 1453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0351453.

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At one time, atherosclerosis was thought to be a simple lipid storage disease. However, it is now recognized as a chronic and progressive inflammation of the arterial wall. Gene deletion experiments in murine models of atherosclerosis that reduce the inflammatory process also reduce disease severity. Identifying the initiators and mediators of that inflammation can provide promising avenues for prevention or therapy. Two prominent risk factors, hyperlipidaemia and infectious disease, point to innate immune mechanisms as potential contributors to proatherogenic inflammation. The TLRs (Toll-like

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22

Koga, Kaori, and Gil Mor. "Toll-like Receptors and Pregnancy." Reproductive Sciences 14, no. 4 (2007): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1933719107304562.

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23

Espevik, T. "TRAFFICKING OF TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS." Shock 21, Supplement (2004): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-200403001-00038.

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24

Fischer, Maria, and Marc Ehlers. "Toll-like Receptors in Autoimmunity." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1143, no. 1 (2008): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1443.012.

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25

Wong, F. Susan, and Li Wen. "Toll-Like Receptors and Diabetes." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1150, no. 1 (2008): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1447.063.

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26

Ermertcan, A. T., F. Öztürk, and K. Gündüz. "Toll-like receptors and skin." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 25, no. 9 (2011): 997–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04049.x.

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27

Delgado, Mónica A., Rasha A. Elmaoued, Alexander S. Davis, George Kyei, and Vojo Deretic. "Toll-like receptors control autophagy." EMBO Journal 27, no. 7 (2008): 1110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2008.31.

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28

Tuon, Felipe F., Valdir S. Amato, Hélio A. Bacha, Tariq AlMusawi, Maria I. Duarte, and Vicente Amato Neto. "Toll-Like Receptors and Leishmaniasis." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 3 (2007): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01090-07.

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29

Miller, Lloyd S. "Toll-Like Receptors in Skin." Advances in Dermatology 24 (November 2008): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yadr.2008.09.004.

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30

Rassa, John C., and Susan R. Ross. "Viruses and Toll-like receptors." Microbes and Infection 5, no. 11 (2003): 961–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1286-4579(03)00193-x.

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31

Finberg, Robert W., and Evelyn A. Kurt-Jones. "Viruses and Toll-like receptors." Microbes and Infection 6, no. 15 (2004): 1356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2004.08.013.

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32

Michie, Colin A. "Triage by Toll-like receptors." Trends in Molecular Medicine 8, no. 1 (2002): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4914(01)02231-6.

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33

Okun, Eitan, Kathleen J. Griffioen, Justin D. Lathia, Sung-Chun Tang, Mark P. Mattson, and Thiruma V. Arumugam. "Toll-like receptors in neurodegeneration." Brain Research Reviews 59, no. 2 (2009): 278–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.09.001.

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34

Iribarren, Pablo, and Ji Ming Wang. "Toll-like receptors and diseases." International Immunopharmacology 11, no. 10 (2011): 1389–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2011.08.010.

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35

Ishii, Ken J., and Shizuo Akira. "Toll-like receptors and sepsis." Current Infectious Disease Reports 6, no. 5 (2004): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11908-004-0034-1.

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36

Kim, G. K., and J. Q. Del Rosso. "Toll-like receptors and skin." Yearbook of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery 2012 (January 2012): 334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yder.2012.02.163.

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37

Rakoff-Nahoum, Seth, and Ruslan Medzhitov. "Toll-like receptors and cancer." Nature Reviews Cancer 9, no. 1 (2008): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc2541.

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38

Singh, Madhu V., and François M. Abboud. "Toll-like receptors and hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 307, no. 5 (2014): R501—R504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00194.2014.

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Hypertension and associated inflammatory processes that accelerate cardiovascular damage are regulated by the innate immune system. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are major components of the innate immune system that recognize endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns to activate prominent inflammatory signaling including activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). However, the role of TLR in the etiology of hypertension is not well understood. TLR signaling is dependent on adaptor proteins that, along with the TLR expression patterns, confer specificity of the inflammatory response and its path

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39

Petry, Vanessa, and Anthony A. Gaspari. "Toll-like receptors and dermatology." International Journal of Dermatology 48, no. 6 (2009): 558–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04111.x.

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40

Hurst, Julia, and Philipp von Landenberg. "Toll-like receptors and autoimmunity." Autoimmunity Reviews 7, no. 3 (2008): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2007.11.006.

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41

O'Neill, L. A. J. "Toll-like receptors in cancer." Oncogene 27, no. 2 (2008): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1210903.

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42

Hansbro, Philip M., Tatt Jhong Haw, Malcolm R. Starkey, and Kensuke Miyake. "Toll-like receptors in COPD." European Respiratory Journal 49, no. 5 (2017): 1700739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00739-2017.

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43

Bell, Jennifer. "Living without Toll-like receptors." Nature Reviews Immunology 3, no. 4 (2003): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1073.

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44

Grote, Karsten, Harald Schütt, and Bernhard Schieffer. "Toll-Like Receptors in Angiogenesis." Scientific World JOURNAL 11 (2011): 981–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2011.92.

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known as pattern-recognition receptors related to the Toll protein ofDrosophila. After recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns of microbial origin, the TLRs alert the immune system, and initiate innate and adaptive immune responses. The TLR system, though, is not confined solely to the leukocyte-mediated immune defense against exogenous pathogens. Besides myeloid cells, TLR expression has been reported in multiple tissues and cell types, including epithelial and endothelial cells. Moreover, despite the microbial patterns that are commonly accepted a

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45

Fiset, Pierre Olivier, Meri Katarina Tulic, and Qutayba Hamid. "Toll-like receptors and atopy." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 116, no. 2 (2005): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.04.034.

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46

Finberg, Robert W., Jennifer P. Wang, and Evelyn A. Kurt-Jones. "Toll like receptors and viruses." Reviews in Medical Virology 17, no. 1 (2006): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.525.

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47

Goodsell, David S. "Recognition highlights: Toll-like receptors." Journal of Molecular Recognition 19, no. 5 (2006): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmr.778.

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48

Bernard, Marina, and Rosario Rizzuto. "Toll‐like receptors hit calcium." EMBO reports 15, no. 5 (2014): 468–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/embr.201438685.

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49

Mempel, Martin, Behnam Naderi Kalali, Markus Ollert, and Johannes Ring. "Toll-Like Receptors in Dermatology." Dermatologic Clinics 25, no. 4 (2007): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2007.06.014.

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50

Tang, Xiaoqin, Qian Xu, Shuo Yang, et al. "Toll-like Receptors and Thrombopoiesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021010.

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Platelets are the second most abundant blood component after red blood cells and can participate in a variety of physiological and pathological functions. Beyond its traditional role in hemostasis and thrombosis, it also plays an indispensable role in inflammatory diseases. However, thrombocytopenia is a common hematologic problem in the clinic, and it presents a proportional relationship with the fatality of many diseases. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of thrombocytopenia is of great importance. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is one of the most relevant characteristics

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