Relevant bibliographies by topics / Toll plaza simulation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Toll plaza simulation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Toll plaza simulation"

1

Mahdi, Mohammed Bally, and Lee Vien Leong. "Assessment of Queue Length and Delay at Toll Plaza Using Microscopic Traffic Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 802 (October 2015): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.802.387.

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Highways and freeways usually experience severe traffic congestion due to the presence of toll plazas which is considered as a bottleneck. In recent years, traffic engineers around the world have utilised microscopic traffic simulation models as tools to evaluate the performance of selected freeway facilities based on known traffic pattern data. This study attempts to analyse the performance of toll plaza by utilizing the microscopic traffic simulation software VISSIM 6.0, based on two different output measures, namely: average queue length and average delay time. At the selected toll plaza, data are collected at toll booths for all three modes of payments, which are: cash mode, Touch n Go, and Smart TAG. Therefore, this study aims to build a microscopic traffic simulation model that is capable of analysing the behaviour of vehicles at toll plaza based on the mentioned output measures for each mode of payment and also to determine the type of payment mode that has the most significant impact on the overall performance of toll plazas and ultimately, to understand the causes of congestion at toll plaza.
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Liu, Yi-Jian, Jian Cao, Xiao-Yan Cao, and Yuan-Biao Zhang. "Optimization of Design Scheme for Toll Plaza Based on M/M/C Queuing Theory and Cellular Automata Simulation Algorithm." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 7 (April 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n7p1.

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As an important field in traffic control science, the research in design of toll plazas has increasingly attracted attention of scholars and society. A good design of toll plaza needs to meet a lot of conditions, such as high safety coefficient, high throughput and low cost level. In this study, we established an evaluation model of toll plaza based on cellular automata and M/M/C queuing theory applying to three aspects: safety coefficient, throughput and cost. Then, we took the Asbury Park Toll Plaza in New Jersey as an example to analyze its performance and further optimized the design of the toll plaza. Compared with the original design, the optimized toll plaza we designed is proved to be safer and preferable. Last but not least, we further analyzed the robustness of the designed toll plaza, proving that the designed toll plaza had a preferable performance in reality.
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Tseng, Pin-Yi, Chiung-Wen Chang, Chi-Hung Wu, Wan-Hui Chen, and Sheng-Hsiung Chang. "Allocation Criteria for Increasing Electronic Toll Collection Gates on Freeways Determined Using Simulation Analysis." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 6, no. 1 (January 2014): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2014010103.

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In Taiwan, the electronic toll collection (ETC) system for freeway toll plazas that commenced operation in February 2006 will operate on all freeways by 2014. When the ETC system was first implemented, each toll plaza was allocated 1 small-vehicle ETC gate and 1 large-vehicle ETC gate. Determining how to allot the gates to ETC and manual toll collection when the number of ETC vehicles increases is crucial. By conducting a simulation using the toll plaza simulation model, the authors observed that 1 ETC gate for passenger cars had to be added to the small toll plaza when the traffic exceeded 1,450 vehicles/hr/gate. The medium and large toll plazas required 1 more ETC gate for passenger cars when the traffic exceeded 1,600 vehicles/hr/gate, whereas 1 non-ETC gate for passenger cars could be removed.
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Al-Deek, Haitham M., Ayman A. Mohamed, and Essam A. Radwan. "New Model for Evaluation of Traffic Operations at Electronic Toll Collection Plazas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1710, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1710-01.

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Traffic simulation models are used to enhance planning, design, operation, and management of transportation facilities. A discrete-event stochastic object-oriented microscopic simulation model is presented that was specifically developed to evaluate the operational performance of toll plazas. Traffic behavior is represented using a set of mathematical and logic algorithms that control the conflicts among vehicles within the toll plaza area. Modified versions of car-following and lane-changing algorithms and a new toll-lane selection algorithm are integrated into this new model to simulate traffic operation at toll plazas. The model output includes measures of effectiveness (MOEs) that can be used to evaluate the performance of existing and future individual toll lanes and the entire toll plaza system. Real-world data collected at the busiest toll plaza in the Orlando–Orange County Expressway Authority system were used to validate the developed model. Statistical tests indicate that there is no significant difference at the 95 percent confidence level between MOEs obtained from the model and those collected in the real world. Sensitivity analysis of market penetration of the electronic toll collection (ETC) system indicates that an increase in ETC subscription rate improves the efficiency of toll plaza operation. The benefits of ETC depend on the specific plaza configuration. One of the most interesting results of this study is that for all plaza configurations simulated with manual payment lanes operating over capacity, total plaza delay can be reduced by half if only 10 percent of the users switch from manual payment lanes to ETC lanes.
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Klodzinski, Jack, and Haitham M. Al-Deek. "Proposed Level-of-Service Methodology for Toll Plazas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1802, no. 1 (January 2002): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1802-11.

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A proposed macroscopic methodology for measuring the level of service (LOS) of toll plazas has been developed using delay as the measure of effectiveness (MOE). On the basis of field research and data analyses, the 85th percentile of the cumulative individual vehicular delay was found to be the most comprehensive measure for evaluating the LOS at a toll plaza. Other MOEs were examined but found to be less flexible with different plaza configurations and lane payment types. More than 55,000 individual vehicular records from three mainline toll plazas in Orlando, Florida, representing eight different plaza configurations with varied percentages of electronic toll collection (ETC) usage were used to validate the methodology. TPSIM, a toll plaza simulation model, was used to produce an additional 49 scenarios representing the three plazas with varied percentages of ETC usage and 21 additional plaza configurations. Service time was examined to determine the level at which a driver begins to feel discomfort and inconvenience at a toll plaza. An LOS hierarchy was established based on the conclusions of this analysis, feedback from professionals, and reference to the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2000. The 85th delay percentile graphs from each of the plaza analysis results for LOS values were also observed to be similar.
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Bains, Manraj Singh, Shriniwas S. Arkatkar, K. S. Anbumani, and Siva Subramaniam. "Optimizing and Modeling Tollway Operations Using Microsimulation: Case Study Sanand Toll Plaza, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2615, no. 1 (January 2017): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2615-06.

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This study aimed to develop a microsimulation model for optimizing toll plaza operations in relation to operational cost and level of service for users. A well-calibrated and validated simulation model was developed in PTV Vissim, and several scenarios were simulated to test their efficacy at improving toll plaza operations. Data collected included classified entry traffic volume at the toll plaza, service time for different payment categories, percentage of lane utilization, and travel time while crossing the toll plaza. For modeling lane selection for vehicles, the PTV Vissim component object model application programming interface—which enables dynamic route choice—was used. From the results it was observed that the simulation model accurately represented the current operations at the toll plaza. Scenarios, such as implementing a number plate recognition technology and segregating lanes for different vehicle types to improve the level of service, were evaluated with the simulation model.
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E. Jehad, A., A. Ismail, M. N. Borhan, and S. Z. Ishak. "Modelling and optimizing of electronic toll collection (ETC) at Malaysian toll plazas using microsimulation models." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14338.

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Toll plazas are one of the critical components of a roadway system. At the same time, they are among the most complex road structures, as drivers are exposed to a large amount of information and have a short amount of time to make a decision to avoid any collision. VISSIM and SSAM are used to investigate the effect of various Malaysian toll plazas design and traffic conditions on drivers’ behaviour and level of safety. The study was made a well-calibrated and validated VISSIM simulation model and several scenarios were simulated to test their efficacy for improving toll plaza safety aspects by using SSAM afterwards. From the results it was observed that the VISSIM simulation model scenarios such as implementing booths orientation and segregating lanes for different vehicle types to improve the level of service have significant safety aspects improvement regarding conflict points and lane change accidents results while using Surrogate Safety As-sessment Model (SSAM) in order to give the need for remediation of either the roadway design or the flow-control strategy.
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Yu, Shanchuan, Yuchuan Du, Jindong Wang, Yishun Li, and Yong Zhu. "Simulation-Based Optimization for the Operation of Toll Plaza at Car Park Exit with Mixed Types of Tollbooths and Waiting-Time-Dependent Service." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (February 23, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6674037.

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This study presents an approach of simulation-based optimization to the operation of the toll plaza at the car park exit. We first propose a simulation model, as the representation of the queueing system for the toll plaza with mixed-type customers and servers where the service time is dependent on the waiting time of customer. Then, a simulation-based integer programming model is developed to design more traffic-efficient yet cost-effective operation schemes. It is decomposed by a rolling horizon approach into subproblems which are all solved via the Kriging metamodel algorithm. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the model and offer insight on how to achieve traffic efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
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Talavirya, A., and M. Laskin. "Simulation modeling of toll plaza operation at the main direction of the intraurban toll road." Informatization and communication 5 (December 2020): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34219/2078-8320-2020-11-5-67-77.

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A large number of toll road projects with a barrier toll collection system are currently being implemented in Russia. Therefore, it seems relevant to study the toll plaza as an element of the transport infrastructure. Insuffi cient attention to the issues of assessing current and predicted intensity on TPscan cause regular traffi c congestions on toll roads. The goal of this study is to build a simulation model that allows to evaluate the capacity of the toll collection point during the operation of the toll road at different traffi c fl ow rates, taking into account the ratio of different types of vehicles and user behavior errors. Visual observation materials are used, the research method is discrete-event simulation of PVP using AnyLogic software, processing of the results is performed in the statistical package R. The toll point (TP) the Western High-Speed Diameter toll road in St. Petersburg, Russia was considered as a case for the study.As a result was build simulation model of TP was developed, taking into account the traffi c specifi cs and user behavior errors. Conducted experiments established the peak traffi c intensities, when traffi c congestion begins to form at the TP, with different ratios of electronic toll collection usage. During the analysis, few cases of service time distribution were considered — from low to high traffi c intensities. Main conclusions of the study: -for the low intensity case, the results of the analysis showed the splitting of the total distribution of the service time into two distributions for different operating modes of toll lanes, — for high intensity, the infl uence of user behavior on service time distribution was revealed, — for each case, the parameters of the gamma laws of service time distribution were determined, — in case of insuffi cient throughput capacity, the TP stops working effi ciently, and service time distribution increases, regardless of the type of payment. Estimated peak hours of TP operation, when there is a potential for congestion at the TP were defi ned. Possible ways of further increase thetoll collection system throughput capacity for the TP were indicated.
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Hussain, Saajid, Di Wu, Sheeba Memon, and Naadiya Khuda Bux. "Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) Connectivity Analysis of a Highway Toll Plaza." Data 4, no. 1 (February 10, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4010028.

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The aim of this paper was to study issues of network connectivity in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) to avoid traffic congestion at a toll plaza. An analytical model was developed for highway scenarios where the traffic congestion could have the vehicles reduce their speed instead of blocking the flow of traffic. In this model, nearby vehicles must be informed when traffic congestion occurs before reaching the toll plaza so they can reduce their speed in order to avoid traffic congestion. Once they have crossed the toll plaza they can travel on at their normal speed. The road was divided into two or three sub-segments to help analyze the performance of connectivity. The proposed analytical model considered various parameters that might disturb the connectivity probability, including traveling speed, communication range of vehicles, vehicle arrival rate, and road length. The simulation results matched those of the analytical model, which showed the analytical model developed in this paper is effective.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Toll plaza simulation"

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Nezamuddin, Nezamuddin. "DEVELOPING MICROSCOPIC TOLL PLAZA MODEL USING PARAMICS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2867.

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Simulation modeling is the most cost-effective way of studying real life transportation problems, either existing or anticipated, without disturbing the balance of the transportation system. There is a vast suite of simulation models available in market, ready to choose from macroscopic, mesoscopic, or microscopic in nature, to study different transportation system elements like freeways, highways, signalized and un-signalized intersections. However, most of these network simulation models, like PARAMICS, VISSIM, CORSIM … etc, do not come readily available with built in toll plaza models. On the other hand, many researchers have independently developed toll plaza models, which can only model an isolated toll plaza without the road network. These toll plaza models, which are based on queuing theory (and some are macroscopic in nature), do not take into account headway, gap acceptance, or inter-vehicle interaction to follow a lead car or to perform lane changing maneuvers. Vehicles just upstream of the toll plaza are assigned to one of the toll lanes, solely based on the payment method (manual, automatic coin machine, or electronic toll collection) and queue lengths at the toll lanes. For instance, if a vehicle is traveling in the leftmost lane and the rightmost toll lane has the shortest queue length, then the queuing model will assign this vehicle to the rightmost lane, and the vehicle will do unrealistic maneuvering to reach to the assigned toll lane instantly. Microscopic network simulation models simulate the vehicular movements based on lane-changing and car-following rules. If such a model could be customized to serve the purpose of the toll plaza simulation, it will simulate the vehicular movements just upstream and downstream of the toll plaza more realistically. Being a network simulation model, it can also model the road network integrated with the plaza, which can be used to study the entire toll road corridor, unlike the isolated toll plaza models. In addition to being a microscopic network simulation model, PARAMICS has many simulation tools, which can be customized to develop a network model with enhanced toll plaza simulation capabilities. PARAMICS also provides the flexibility of using an aerial picture of the toll plaza and upstream/downstream sections of the road as overlay, to ensure that the toll plaza model operates under similar geometric conditions as the real plaza. Using an overlay, exact details of the transition area can be fed into the model. In real life, there is a smooth transition (in terms of the number of lanes and the width of the roadway) from the uniform free-flowing section of the roadway to the toll plaza. Detailed representation of the transition area, in terms of geometry and curb of the roadway along with the number of lanes, is essential for a realistic toll plaza simulation. This kind of detail is not available in a queuing model. As the roadway approaches the toll plaza, it contains more lanes compared to its upstream segments. However, in a simulation model vehicles have a tendency to maintain the same old lanes, and the newly added lanes remain unoccupied by the vehicles. Next-lane Allocation feature in PARAMICS can be used to map upstream lanes onto downstream lanes, preventing this unrealistic behavior from occurring in the simulation model. It tells the vehicles in a particular upstream lane to choose from one or more of the downstream lanes as per the settings. Next-lane allocation can be used in such a manner that all the downstream lanes are utilized. PARAMICS has several other tools such as Restrictions Manager, Vehicle Type Manager, Lane-choices Rules, HOV Lanes, and Vehicle Actuated (VA) Signals which can be used in combination to build a toll plaza model. A microscopic 'Holland East Plaza - SR408' network model has been developed using PARAMICS V5.1. This model contains the plaza and the downstream section of SR 408 Westbound till I-4 interchange in downtown Orlando. This model has been successfully calibrated and validated for the mainline toll plaza and ramp volumes for year 2004. Several hypothetical incident scenarios were simulated to study an entire corridor from the toll plaza to Interstate 4. It was found that the volumes on I-4 off-ramp and SR 408 mainline were affected the most under incident conditions. Volumes for other ramps were not affected in the same proportions. An incident on mainline toll road affected the throughput of the plaza significantly, but the same is not true for an incident on an off-ramp. Travel times to I-4 off-ramps and SR 408 thru lanes were the most sensitive in each of the incident scenarios. In case of the elimination of tolls during the hurricane evacuation, the throughput of the plaza increased significantly. Travel times for the vehicles coming through the plaza and going to different destinations decreased significantly, while it increased for vehicles using on-ramps, because of their inability to merge in the mainline traffic due to the increased toll road volume. The developed model in this thesis has the potential of transportation network wide applications with multiple toll plazas.
M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
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Russo, Christopher. "THE CALIBRATION AND VERIFICATION OF SIMULATION MODELS FOR TOLL PLAZAS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3627.

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A great deal of research has been conducted on Central Florida toll roads to better understand the characteristics of the tolling operation. In this thesis, the development and calibration of a toll plaza simulation models will be analyzed using two simulation programs varying mostly in their modeling theory. The two models utilized are, SHAKER, a deterministic queuing model for vehicles utilizing toll collection facilities, and VISSIM, a globally popular stochastic simulation software. The benefits of simulation models leads to the purpose of this thesis, which is to examine the effectiveness of two toll modeling programs that are similar in purpose but vary in approach and methodology. Both SHAKER and VISSIM toll plaza models have the potential to work as a tool that can estimate the maximum throughput and capacity of toll plazas. Major operational benefits resulting from developing these models are to simulate and evaluate how traffic conditions will change when demand increases, when and if queues increase when a lane is closed due to maintenance or construction, the impact of constructing additional lanes, or determining whether or not the best lane type configuration is currently implemented. To effectively calibrate any model available site data must be used to compare simulation results to for model validity. In an effort to correctly calibrate the SHAKER toll plaza tool and VISSIM model, an extensive field collection procedure was conducted at four Florida Turnpike operated toll facilities located in Central Florida. Each site differed from the others in terms of number of lanes, lane configuration, toll base fee, highway location, traffic demand, and vehicle percentage. The sites chosen for data collection were: the Lake Jesup Mainline Plaza along the Seminole Expressway (SR-417), the Beachline West Expressway Toll Plaza along the SR-528, the Daniel Webster Western Beltway Plaza along SR-429, and the Leesburg Toll Plaza along the Florida Turnpike Mainline SR-91. Upon completion of calibration of the two simulation models it is determined that each of the two software are successful in modeling toll plaza capacity and queuing. As expected, each simulation model does possess benefits over the other in terms of set up time, analysis reporting time, and practicality of results. The SHAKER model setup takes mere seconds in order to create a network and input vehicle, another few seconds to calibrate driving parameters, and roughly 10 additional seconds to report analysis. Conversely, setting up the VISSIM model, even for the most experienced user, can take several hours and the report analysis time can take several more hours as it is dependant on the number of required simulation runs and complexity of the network. VISSIM is most beneficial by the fact that its modeling allows for driver variability while SHAKER assumes equilibrium amongst lane choice and queuing. This creates a more realistic condition to observed traffic patterns. Even though differences are prevalent, it is important that in each simulation model the capacity is accurately simulated and each can be used to benefit operational situations related to toll plaza traffic conditions.
M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering MS
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Araújo, Juliana Jerônimo de. "Características operacionais de praças de arrecadação de pedágio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-07052007-092437/.

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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a operação de praças de arrecadação de pedágio, a fim de fornecer subsídios para o seu projeto e para o estabelecimento de parâmetros e procedimentos para avaliação do nível de serviço. Os dados foram coletados em cinco praças de pedágio do estado de São Paulo, localizadas fora do meio urbano. Os aspectos operacionais estudados foram: o processo de chegadas dos veículos às praças; o perfil da velocidade durante a desaceleração dos veículos na entrada da praça; o processo de escolha da cabine pelos motoristas; o processo de atendimento dos veículos nas cabines (incluindo a forma de pagamento da tarifa); o perfil da velocidade durante a aceleração dos veículos na saída da praça; e as velocidades desenvolvidas nas cabines AVI, que são cabines que atendem somente veículos portadores da tecnologia de cobrança eletrônica de pedágio. As conclusões principais da análise dos dados coletados são: o processo de chegadas dos veículos às praças de pedágio pode ser representado por uma distribuição exponencial negativa (para intervalos curtos); modelos lineares são uma aproximação razoável para a representação do perfil da velocidade durante a desaceleração e a aceleração dos veículos nas praças; a maioria dos motoristas escolhe a cabine no mesmo lado em que chega à praça de pedágio e, uma vez selecionado o lado, se dirige à cabine com menor fila; caminhões e ônibus tendem a usar as cabines do lado direito da praça; alguns motoristas se dirigem a uma cabine com fila mesmo quando há cabines disponíveis para o atendimento naquele lado da praça; e o tempo de atendimento dos veículos nas cabines varia em função do tipo de veículo, da forma de pagamento e das características da praça com relação ao valor da tarifa, fluxo de tráfego e tipo de usuário predominante. Apresenta-se um exemplo de como esses dados podem ser usados para a determinação do nível de serviço das praças, através de um modelo de simulação, que indicou que o uso da cobrança eletrônica de pedágio reduz consideravelmente o congestionamento nas praças de pedágio: com o fluxo de tráfego próximo da capacidade da praça, o tempo médio gasto na praça é reduzido quase à metade se 10% dos usuários optarem pelo pagamento eletrônico da tarifa.
The research objective was to analyze the operation of toll plazas in order to give subsidies for its project as well as to establish parameters and procedures to evaluate the service level. The data were collected in five toll plazas in the state of São Paulo, operated in rural highways. The operational aspects studied were: the vehicle arrival process; the speed profile during deceleration at the toll plaza entrance; the process in which drivers select toll booths; the vehicle processing time at toll booths (including payment method); the speed profile during acceleration at the toll plaza exit; and the speed at AVI toll booths, which process just vehicles equipped with electronic toll collection. The conclusions of the colleted data analysis are: the vehicle arrival process can be represented by a negative exponential distribution (for short time intervals); linear models are an acceptable approach to represent the speed profile during deceleration and acceleration of vehicles at toll plazas; the majority of drivers choose the toll booth in the same side that they arrive the toll plaza and, once the side is chosen, they go to the booth with the shortest queue; trucks and buses frequently go to the right side of the toll plaza; some drivers go to a toll booth with queue despite the availability of free booths at that side of the plaza; and the vehicle processing time at toll booths varies with the vehicle type, the payment method and the plaza characteristics related with the toll value, the traffic volume and the predominant user. An example of how this data can be used to determine the service level of toll plazas is showed by using a simulation model. This model indicated that the use of electronic toll collection reduces considerably congestions at toll plazas: when the traffic flow approaches capacity, the average time spent at the toll plaza is reduced near half if 10% of the users change from manual payment to electronic payment method.
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Mckinnon, Ian A. "Operational and Safety-based Analyses of Varied Toll Lane Configurations." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1067.

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Toll plaza operation is a critical component of roadway operations throughout the United States, as tolls provide both revenue for expansion and opportunity for demand management. Originally cash or physical currency based, tolling has morphed to meet the twentieth century demand in terms of throughput and efficiency in the form of electronic toll collection. Electronic tolling has introduced a new form of driver decision making at toll plazas due to the additional payment choice. Despite the user convenience these facilities provide to consumers, this form of collection has not come without safety and operational concerns. Confusion at the toll plaza, unsafe merging maneuvers, and the unexpected behavior has actually increased certain crash patterns at toll plazas in some electronic tolling facilities. Building upon existing research, further work was completed to quantify the related impacts of electronic toll collection on traffic operations through a microsimulation model, and static evaluation study. While in Massachusetts overall toll plaza crashes are a minimal portion of 200,000 crashes each year in the Commonwealth at less than 0.1 percent of all crashes some toll plazas have higher crash rates than the state wide urban interstate average. Interchange 14 in Weston, Massachusetts had the highest crash rate among state toll plazas. Rear-end and same direction sideswipe collisions accounted for the highest crash numbers between the years 2010 and 2012. Microsimulation of various lane configurations derived from static evaluation feedback on driver decision making created six alternate configurations. Current plaza configuration was verified by the validated VISSIM microsimulation model to be the highest performing in terms of efficiency. A lane configuration with grouped payment lanes provided the best overall performance for alternatives with less than 1 percent difference from the current West Springfield interchange configuration. Static evaluation and microsimulation results pointed to increased efficiency and safety benefits with combination lanes. Additionally, drivers tended to avoid following heavy vehicles through plaza lanes. Motorists were willing to make up to 3 lane changes to avoid queues and may avoid combination lanes as an electronic toll customer if they anticipate a greater delay than an adjacent dedicated electronic lane. Recommendations for future research include: 1) further microsimulation modeling to examine traffic flow and safety impacts at toll plazas under varying traffic conditions and demand with open road tolling lanes strategies; and 2) developing enhancements to VISSIM to address parameter limitations associated with discrete choice modeling at toll plazas.
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Book chapters on the topic "Toll plaza simulation"

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Soorya, V. B., T. M. Rahul, and Shriniwas S. Arkatkar. "Simulation of Classified Lane-Wise Vehicle Count at Toll Plazas Using Monte Carlo Simulation and Probability-Based Discrete Random Number Generation." In Recent Advances in Traffic Engineering, 229–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3742-4_15.

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Tseng, Pin-Yi, Chiung-Wen Chang, Chi-Hung Wu, Wan-Hui Chen, and Sheng-Hsiung Chang. "Allocation Criteria for Increasing Electronic Toll Collection Gates on Freeways Determined Using Simulation Analysis." In Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1541–53. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9619-8.ch070.

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In Taiwan, the electronic toll collection (ETC) system for freeway toll plazas that commenced operation in February 2006 will operate on all freeways by 2014. When the ETC system was first implemented, each toll plaza was allocated 1 small-vehicle ETC gate and 1 large-vehicle ETC gate. Determining how to allot the gates to ETC and manual toll collection when the number of ETC vehicles increases is crucial. By conducting a simulation using the toll plaza simulation model, the authors observed that 1 ETC gate for passenger cars had to be added to the small toll plaza when the traffic exceeded 1,450 vehicles/hr/gate. The medium and large toll plazas required 1 more ETC gate for passenger cars when the traffic exceeded 1,600 vehicles/hr/gate, whereas 1 non-ETC gate for passenger cars could be removed.
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Horiguchi, Ryota, Takahiro Shitama, Hirokazu Akahane, and Jian Xing. "TRAFFIC SIMULATION FOR AN EXPRESSWAY TOLL PLAZA BASED ON SUCCESSIVE VEHICLE TRACKING DATA." In Transport Simulation, 173–200. EFPL Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439808016-c11.

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Horiguchi, Ryota, Takahiro Shitama, Hirokazu Akahane, and Jian Xing. "Traffic Simulation for an Expressway Toll Plaza Based on Massive Vehicle Tracking Data." In Transport Simulation, 173–200. EPFL Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429093258-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Toll plaza simulation"

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Liu, Yijin. "The Design of Toll Plaza." In 2017 2nd International Conference on Machinery, Electronics and Control Simulation (MECS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mecs-17.2017.106.

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Liu, Yijin. "Research on Expressway Toll Plaza." In 2017 2nd International Conference on Machinery, Electronics and Control Simulation (MECS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mecs-17.2017.107.

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Dong, Haibin. "The design of a toll plaza." In 2017 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN, MANUFACTURING, MODELING AND SIMULATION (CDMMS 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4981639.

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Cai, Zhidan, Juewei Hu, Xiaoyu Liu, and Xin Li. "Evaluation Model and Simulation of High Efficient Toll Plaza." In 2017 International Conference on Applied Mathematics, Modeling and Simulation (AMMS 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amms-17.2017.57.

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van Dijk, Nico M., Mark D. Hermans, Maurice J. G. Teunisse, and Henk Schuurman. "Designing the Westercheldetunnel toll plaza using a combination of queueing and simulation." In the 31st conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/324898.325061.

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He, Lang, Yong Wu, Xiangzhi Zeng, and Aifang Yang. "The design of toll plaza using the combination of modeling and simulation." In 2011 International Conference on Grey Systems and Intelligent Services (GSIS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gsis.2011.6044043.

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Talavirya, A., and M. Laskin. "Using of discrete-event modeling in throughput capacity analysis of a toll plaza at the exit of the interurban toll road." In The 32nd European Modeling & Simulation Symposium. CAL-TEK srl, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2020.emss.032.

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Dowd, Joseph H., Marguerite L. Zarrillo, and A. Essam Radwan. "Case Study Application of TNCC: A Simulation Tool to Identify Plaza Bottlenecks on a Toll Network of Highways." In Seventh International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation (AATT). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40632(245)103.

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Coffey, Melody, Raymond Dalke, Ryian Williams, Devyn Sutton, Jan Brink, and M. Salim Azzouz. "Active Pneumatic Road Rumble Energy Harvesting System." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52171.

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Abstract:
Transportation vehicles traveling on busy roads and highways waste an appreciable amount of their kinetic energy. The lost energy dissipation is due to many factors such as: the friction due to braking, the friction of the tires on the road, the friction of the vehicle body against the surrounding air, and the friction due to the engine’s moving parts. In an effort to save some of this lost energy, it is possible to harvest it through pneumatic and mechanical devices built into the road, especially on highly traffic highways. With over 1 billion cars in the world, there is a huge potential for tapping into the lost energy, and harvesting it for another use. This technical paper focuses on designing a pneumatic and mechanical system that collects the lost kinetic energy of multiple passing cars. A new energy harvesting system utilizing pneumatic and mechanical components has been developed. In this system, a vehicle’s tires pass over a pneumatic manifold system equipped with exciter keys. These keys are depressed and activate a pneumatic system to compress air. Each exciter key is coupled to a connecting rod and piston assembly. The compressed air generated by many exciter keys is then collected in an air tank and channeled to a pneumatic motor. The pneumatic motor transmits then a rotational motion to an electricity generator that produces electric energy. The electric energy can be stored into a series of batteries. The modular pneumatic manifold systems would be located where car drivers encounter deceleration ramps, when approaching a stop sign, or entering a toll booth plaza, etc. The pneumatic system was designed using a computer drawing CAD software. The vehicle’s kinetic energy losses are thoroughly analyzed and their distribution is comprehensively determined using the first principle of thermodynamics, and the thermodynamics theory for compressed air. Energy losses to the system keys and springs, and different friction losses are also determined. A pneumatic model of the manifold, and piping connections to the air tank has been programmed using a pneumatic software for modeling and simulation. An economic viability study of such systems has also been performed. Parameters such as the number of passing cars and the number of strokes on the exciter keys necessary to fill an air tank are determined. A physical prototype of the modular manifold has been built, and experimental measurements are expected to be performed in an upcoming second phase of the project. It is envisioned that such harvesting energy systems can be used to produce energy locally in remote road areas to power stop lights, or street lights. This type of system can also be adapted to be used with other transportation systems such as trains and buses to produce electricity for their respective stations when traffic is heavy.
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Qi, Z., J. He, X. Li, C. Zhao, and X. Bao. "Research on Numerical Simulation of Pollutant Dispersion at Expressway Toll Plazas Based on Multi-Influencing Factors." In Ninth International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals (ICCTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41064(358)287.

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