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1
SIUDUT, STANISLAW. "ON THE DENJOY-PERRON-BOCHNER INTEGRAL." Tamkang Journal of Mathematics 25, no. 4 (1994): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5556/j.tkjm.25.1994.4457.
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 The notion of Denjoy integrals of abstract functions was first intro- duced by A. Alexiewicz [1]. His descriptive definitions are based upon a concept of the approximate derivative. In this paper we present another descriptive definition for the Denjoy-Perron integral of abstract functions - via the parametric derivative of Tolstov [8]. Some properties of this integral are examined. 
 
 
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Abduvaliyeva, Kamola Shavkat qizi. ""SHAJARAYI TURK" ASARINING OʻRGANILISH TARIXI". Involta Scientific Journal 3, № 6 (2024): 60–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11612564.
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Maqolada Abulgʻozi Bahodirxonning “Shajarayi turk” asari tarixi, tili, uslubi, leksikasi ustida ish olib borgan bir qancha sharq tarixchi va olimlari bilan bir qatorda rus va boshqa chet el olimlarining ilmiy izlanishlari haqida bayon etilgan. Maqolada olimlarning asar haqidagi qimmatli fikrlari va ilmiy yangiliklari keltirilgan. “Shajarayi turk” asarining oʻrganilishi haqidagi maʼlumotlar Munis, Ogahiy, Bayoniy, S.P. Tolstov, Y.Gʻ. Gʻulomov, P.P. Ivanov, A.K. Borovkov, B.V. Lunin, M.I. Yoʻldoshev, B.V. Bartold, B.A. Ahmedov kabi olimlarning asarlaridan keltirilgan fikrlar orqali asoslangan. Bundan tashqari asarning turli tillarga tarjima qilinganligi va nashr etilganligi haqida ham qimmatli maʼlumotlar keltirilgan.
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Khamidbek Olimbayevich, Matkarimov. "Issues of reconstruction of the history of the Bronze Age of the Khorezm oasis based on the analysis of archaeological data." International Journal on Integrated Education 2, no. 6 (2019): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i6.232.
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In the study of archeological monuments of the Bronze Age in the Southern Aral Sea (cultures of Suvorgan, Tozabogyob and Amirabad) Tolstov, Ya.G. Gulyamov and M.I. Itina made a great contribution. The study was conducted in the Akchadarya Delta until the mid-1980s. M.A. Itina's article on the study of bronze monuments in the South Aral Sea covered topography of the Tozabogyob and Amirabad cultures, the causes of the emergence of agricultural culture in the Khorezm region, and the socio-economic relations. The results of studying the Bronze Age cultures of the Khorezm oasis were also reviewed by Khamdam Matyakubov. M.I. Itina’s monograph details the archeology of the Bronze Age, including bronze weapons and decorations, stone and bone artifacts, chronology, funeral arrangements, family and social systems.
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Teixeira, Luciana Fernandes. "O cultivo da liberdade na Pedagogia de Tosltói." Revista Educação e Emancipação 10, no. 1 (2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2358-4319.v10n1p58-75.
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O escritor e educador russo Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoi (1828-1910), ao elaborar concepções e práticas para a instrução popular de seu tempo e criar uma escola rural em Iasnaia Poliana, local de propriedade de sua família, onde também residia, na Rússia, deixou impressionante legado ao campo da educação escolar de todos os tempos. A exposição desse rico ideário educacional e subsequente trabalho pedagógico constitui o principal alvo do presente artigo. Dessa maneira, em contraponto aos tradicionais métodos escolares opressores e especialmente relacionado ao pensamento libertário anarquista, as refl exões e experiências pedagógicas de Tolstói expõem uma concepção educativa de ampla feição humana, ética e cultural, desvelada numa busca e realização educacional contra os constrangimentos da inteligência e da criatividade, especialmente direcionada ao desenvolvimento infantil e juvenil. Uma concepção educativa reconhecida, sobretudo, a partir dos textos pedagógicos de autoria do próprio Tosltói, bem como através de seus métodos e processos educacionais aliados à ideia de proporcionar uma formação escolar compatível com as melhores potencialidades humanas.Palavras-chave: Educação libertária. Tolstói. Escola Iasnaia Poliana.The cultivation of freedom in Tolstoy PedagogyABSTRACTThe Russian writer and educator Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828-1910), to develop concepts and practices for the popular education of his time and to create a rural school in Iasnaia Poliana, property location of his family, where he also lived, in Russia, left impressive legacy to the fi eld of education of all time. Exposure of this rich educational and pedagogical work subsequent ideology is the primary focus of this article. Thus, in contrast to traditional school methods oppressors and especially related to the anarchist libertarian thinking, refl ections and pedagogical experiences of Tolstoy expose an educational conception of broad human form, ethical and cultural, unveiled a search and educational achievement against intelligence constraints and creativity, especially targeted at children and youth development. An educational design especially recognized from the pedagogical texts authored by Tosltoy himself as well as through his educational methods and processes together with the idea of providing an education consistent with the best human potential.Keywords: Libertarian education. Tolstoy. School Iasnaia Poliana.En el cultivo de la libertad Tosltói PedagogíaRESUMENEl escritor ruso Lev Nikolayevich y educador Tolstoi (1828-1910), para desarrollar conceptos y prácticas para la educación popular de su tiempo y crear una escuela rural en Iasnaia Poliana, ubicación de la propiedad de su familia, donde también residía en Rusia, a la izquierda impresionante legado en el campo de la educación de todos los tiempos. La exposición de este rico trabajo posterior ideología educativa y pedagógica es el objetivo principal de este artículo. Por lo tanto, en contraste con los métodos tradicionales de la escuela opresores y especialmente en relación con el pensamiento libertario anarquista, refl exiones y experiencias pedagógicas de Tolstoi exponen a uma concepción educativa de amplio forma humana, ética y cultural, dio a conocer una búsqueda y el logro educativo en contra de las restricciones de inteligencia y la creatividad, especialmente dirigido a los niños y el desarrollo juvenil. Un diseño educativo especialmente reconocido a partir de los textos pedagógicos escritos por sí Tosltói, así como a través de sus métodos y procesos educativos, junto con la idea de proporcionar una educación coherente con el mejor potencial humano.Palabras clave: Educación libertaria. Tolstoi. Escuela Iasnaia Poliana.
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Bobrov, Aleksandr Grigor’evich. "THE RECENT RESEARCH OF A JOURNEY BEYOND THE THREE SEAS BY AFANASY NIKITIN." Russkaya Literatura 2 (2024): 251–54. https://doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2024-2-241-254.
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The article analyzes the works dedicated to A Journey Beyond the Three Seas by Afanasy Nikitin, published in 2022–2024: books by V. A. Tolstov and A. P. Bogdanov, as well as the latest articles by S. V. Gorodilin, O. L. Novikova, A. L. Gryaznov, A. M. Vvedensky and other authors. It is shown that the authors of these two monographs are not sufficiently informed about the articles of recent times, in which were revised and resolved in a new way many questions of the chronology and route of Afanasy Nikitin’s journey, questions about his goals, the origin of the Museum copy, etc. Numerous errors and inaccuracies indicate the low level of the analyzed monographs. The article outlines the prospects for further research and preparation of a new (fourth) edition of A Journey Beyond the Three Seas in the «Literary Monuments» series.
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Samatova, Dilnoza Salaidinovna, and Shohida Nematillo qizi Omankulova. "PECULIARITIES OF PERFORMANCE OF UZBEK FOLK INSTRUMENTS." Results of National Scientific Research 1, no. 3 (2022): 43–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6635452.
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When we look at the history of music, we see that the Uzbek people have always been interested in art and the study of art. In particular, they studied the composition and performance of musical instruments. These are also reflected in the music literature. “As a result of archeological expeditions organized in the 30s and 40s of the century (led by S.L. Tolstov, V.A. Vyatkin, M.B. Masson and others), valuable information was obtained in the study of Central Asian culture, including folk instruments. Found cultural monuments; a flute, a rubab-shaped instrument, a drum resembling a modern circle, and drummers playing similar instruments. These are the masterpieces of spool pots found in cities such as Afrosiob, Toprakkala, Aytaram (called Aytaram Frieze). They are described as practicing a variety of musical instruments: the junta, the tanbur, the rubobs, the oud, the shemane (musician), the chagana, the chiltor, the nay, the burgu sunray, the karnay, and the doira. Folk instruments have become an integral part of human life, incorporating them into the life and work of the people of Central Asia
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Golubkov, Sergey. "Childhood guide. Review of the monograph by M.A. Perepelkin “Around “Nikita's Childhood”: world - word - meaning”." Semiotic studies 2, no. 4 (2022): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2782-2966-2022-2-4-104-109.
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The article is a review of the monograph by M. Perepelkin Around Nikitas Childhood: world word meaning (Samara, 2021). Having established that the monograph author sees his task in introducing extensive factual material into historical and literary use and reasoned comments on both textual and iconographic documents, the reviewer focuses his attention on those aspects that seem to him the most important. Such aspects include, for example, the intricacies of landowners property relations, one of which was A. Bostrom - the A. Tolstoys stepfather, blanks in A. Tolstayas biography - the writer's mother, the objective world of A. Tolstoys childhood and the childhood of his literary hero, the reading circle of the Tolstoy family and the many-faced circle of people who lived or visited the Bostrom-Tolstoy house in Sosnovka. In the reviewers opinion, the most fundamental and meaningful information comprises also the monograph section devoted to the history of perpetuating the memory of writer A. Tolstoy in Samara and the Samara region. All the above stated allows the reviewer to conclude that the monograph under review tends towards the commentary book genre, and after its reading not only the Nikita's Childhood story, but also the Zavolzhsky cycle works, and a whole number.
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Kondrashin, V. V., O. M. Verbitskaya, A. E. Busygin, I. V. Goncharova, P. P. Marchenya, and V. N. Tomilin. "Discussion on the article by Babashkin V.V., Tolstov S.I. «Collectivization as a page of history and its place in the national ideology of modern Russia»." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 30, no. 4 (2025): 8–22. https://doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2024-30-4-8-22.
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This article presents the opinions of a number of leading Russian researchers, the subject of discussion of whom were the provisions expressed by Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor V.V. Babashkin and Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor S.I. Tolstov. The authors of the article «Collectivization as a page of history and its place in the national ideology of modern Russia» published in the previous issue of the journal focused their attention on studying the formation of the «Soviet» version of collectivization of the peasant village. Based on the concept that the national ideology of the modern Russian Federation should be based on adequate ideas about the main events of the Soviet period, they come to the conclusion that it was peasant studies that should have become one of the most significant tools for historical and sociological research into the history of the country. The vivid and polemical presentation of the material and the undoubted demand in such a series of publications aroused the active interest of a number of well-known historians, primarily those involved in agrarian issues. Despite a number of serious critical comments during the exchange of opinions, the majority of researchers participating in the discussion recognized the significance and urgency of raising such issues and the need to develop a specific position for the development of modern historical science
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Fajfrić, Željko. "Tolstoj o advokatima." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 77, no. 10 (2005): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv0506321f.
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Unutar velike epohe ruskog realizma Lavu Nikolajeviču Tolstoju pripada izuzetno značajno mesto. To je vreme koje će biti obeleženo pojavom nihilizma, negacijom prošlosti, istorije, tradicije i željom (sasvim bezumnom) da se čovek postavi u pustinju, jednostavno da bude „tabula rasa". Tolstoj nije nikada pripadao ovoj struji iz jednostavnog razloga što je bio genije, ali to ne znači da nije ostavio izvesne tragove moralizatorskog anarhizma i nekoga oblika nihilizma koji se u kritikama često nazivao "zdravorazumskim". O Tolstoju je mnogo pisano. Međutim, malo je toga tačno kada se radi o njemu samome. Stoga nemojte verovati nijednom njegovom biografskom portretu, jer nijedan nije tačan. Tolstoj je suviše jedinstven u preobilnoj punoći svoje iskričave prirode. Deset godina nakon Tolstojeve smrti njegova će žena kazati: "Živela sam sa svojim mužem četrdeset osam godina, i nisam saznala kakav je on čovek". Leontjev će ga upoređivati sa hindu božanstvom: "Dve glave, četiri lica, šest ruku i sve - ogromno, i napravljeno od najdragocenijeg materijala". O takvom čoveku nije moguće pisati biografiju…
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Dergacheva, I. V., and V. V. Dergachev. "On the criterion of the adequacy of artistic fiction in the image of the Patriotic War of 1812 (to the question of the controversy of A.S. Norov and Leo Tolstoy)." Язык и текст 4, no. 2 (2017): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2017040204.
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The article deals with the polemical discourse of A.S. Norov, who was the hero of the war 1812, which he leads with Leo Tolstoy from the point of view of the direct participant in the battles with Napoleon. Analyzing then description of the events of the Patriotic War of 1812 in the novel of Leo Tolstoy “War and Peace”, A.S. Norov opposes them to a description which was made by the hero Yermolov of the war of 1812. The authors speculate that the polemics of A.S. Norov with the Leo Tolstoys’ point of view to the driving forces in the war of 1812 would not be so acute if it is considered in the categories of literary criticism, as a polemical discourse of the work with artistic fiction (the novel by Leo Tolstoy) with a work of documentary where fiction is excluded (wroks by A.S. Norov).
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Bazarbayeva, G. I., and G. S. Jumabekova. "ON THE PROBLEM OF WOMEN STATUS IN THE CULTURE OF KAZAKHSTAN POPULATION OF THE SAKA AGE (According to Materials from East Aral Sea Region)." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 31, no. 2 (2019): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.02.01.
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Materials from the Early Iron Age cemeteries of the Southern Tagisken (VII—V centuries BC) and Uygarak (VI—VI centuries BC), studied by the Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition under the direction of S. P. Tolstov in the early 1960s, are a source for the analysis.
 Materials of the sixteen mounds of South Tagisken and twenty-two of Uygarak are analyzed in the article. More than half of the mounds of South Tagisken and Uygarak have a diameter of up to 20 m. The head of the deceased is predominantly oriented to the west. Dromos was recorded only in two South Tagisken mounds and not recorded in Uygarak. Burials at the level of the ancient horizon in South Tagisken were recorded once, while in Uygarak they were recorded four times. A very small number of sacrificial animal parts in the graves of South Tagisken and Uygarak draws attention.
 An analysis of the South Tagisken and Uygarak subject complex shows that the women graves had products made of metal, bone, and stone. Among such products are: elements of horse equipment, knives, mirrors, altars, jewelry, mirrors, distaff. Weapons are rarely found in women burials of South Tagisken and Uygarak.
 Probably the functions of the woman were only restricted to housekeeping in the culture of the population that left the South Tagisken and Uygarak cemeteries. Women also served as servants of the cults, which is reflected in the presence of traces of red paint found on pestles, altars, pistils, as well as on tools and devices made of bone.
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Mironov, Arsenii. "L. N. Tolstoy’s “epic poems” as a factor of distorted reflection of epos in the Russian epic poetry, pedagogy and art of the late XIX – early XX century." Культура и искусство, no. 3 (March 2020): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2020.3.32371.
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This article makes an attempt to determine semantic and value distinctions of epic poems written by L. N. Tolstoy for pedagogical project “Azbuka” (an alphabet book) from authentic epic songs of the Russian people, as well as trace the influence of Tolstoy’s interpretation upon the reception of epos in the Russian educates society of the late XIX century. Substituting the epic Niola with the titanic “working man” Mikula, Tolstoy corrects the original concept of the epic poem by counterpoising Svyatogor and Mikula Selyanovich, reflecting the social class conflict of aristocracy and the commoners. The poetic tale of Lev Tolsytoy “Volga and Mikula” presents his ideal of the peaceful worker, who does not resist the evil of the provider, and whose work and meekness hold the society together. This ideal advances the previously unfamiliar to Russian epic consciousness values: sacralization of agricultural work, avoidance of military life and governance of the state, as well as exclusive value of peasant origin. Tolstoy’s image of the “working man” was received is chrestomathies of F, Buslaev and A. Galakhov, works of V. Avenarius, M. Vrubel, K. Balmont and N. Roerich.
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Makhlin, V. L. "New approach instead of new finds. A. Zorin's new book on Tolstoy." Voprosy literatury, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2021-2-83-91.
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V. Makhlin's article deals with the recently published book The Life of Leo Tolstoy: An Experiment in Interpretation [Zhizn Lva Tolstogo: Opyt prochteniya] (Moscow: NLO, 2020) by philologist A. Zorin. Noting that in his attempt to reconstruct the context of L. Tolstoy's life, Zorin does not pursue sensational discoveries, be it facts or rumours, Makhlin argues that the author's main goal was to bridge the gap between three different aspects of Tolstoy's image: that of a man in daily life, an artist engaged in creative work, and a religious proselytiser with his beliefs. According to Makhlin, Zorin managed the task brilliantly by employing a unique method, namely an ‘integrated approach' to writing a Tolstoy biography. The biographer tries to portray Tolstoy's life using the writer's own words, leaving to himself the task to comment on, rather than interpret, the events he describes. It is this precision as well as avoidance of personal judgements that, in Makhlin's opinion, make Zorin's book so precious and make it stand out among other Tolstoy biographies.
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ROSELINO, LUIS FELIPE DE SALLES. "O tema da morte trágica de Liev Tolstói e seu impacto em Max Weber e György Lukács: sobre a autonomia nas ciências e na arte * Leo Tolstoy´s tragic death and his impacts on Max Weber and György Lukács: on autonomy of arts and science." História e Cultura 3, no. 1 (2014): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.18223/hiscult.v3i1.1191.
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<p class="Normal1"><strong>Resumo: </strong>O tema da morte trágica, presente nos escritos de Liev Tolstói, auxiliou tanto a Max Weber como a György Lukács a caracterizarem o <em>pathos</em> moderno de pressentimento da morte como uma contemplação do vazio. Weber e Lukács encontraram, através das leituras de Tolstói, uma interessante maneira de questionar a autonomia da arte e da ciência moderna, considerando pela esfera estética, como se mostra sem sentido a recente realidade imanente. Ambos assumiram o tema central das obras de Tolstói segundo uma mesma imagem, derivada do contraste entre o mundo antigo e o moderno. Max Weber adequou esse tema a sua teoria do desencantamento do mundo e Lukács, de modo muito semelhante, seguindo seu conceito do paradoxo da necessidade religiosa.</p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Tolstói – Weber – Lukács – Desencantamento – Necessidade Religiosa – <em>L’Art Pour l’Art.</em></p><p class="Normal1"> </p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Abstract: </strong>The tragic death in Tolstoy's writings has helped both Max Weber and György Lukács in characterizing the modern <em>pathos</em> as a tragic contemplation of the emptiness of life. Through Tolstoy's readings, Weber and Lukács found an interesting source of denying arts and modern sciences autonomy, considering, from the aesthetics sphere, the meaningless of this new immanent reality. Both has assumed Tolstoy main theme from the same perspective, contrasting ancient and modern worldviews. Max Weber presented this theme in his disenchantment of world theory and Lukács, in a very similar way, following the paradox of religious needing as a mainline.<strong></strong></p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Keywords: </strong>Tolstoy – Weber – Lukács – Disenchantment – Religious Needing – <em>L’Art Pour l’Art.</em><strong></strong></p>
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Chernenko, Victoria G. "Brief overview of the history of formation of the medieval collection of Central Asian archaeological monuments in the State Historical Museum." Ufa Archaeological Herald 24, no. 4 (2024): 768–74. https://doi.org/10.31833/uav/2024.24.4.051.
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The Department of Archaeology of the State Historical Museum includes an extensive collection of archaeology items from Central Asia. The Central Asian collections in the Department of Archaeology are divided according to historical periods: the Stone and Bronze Age, the Early Iron Age, and Early Middle Ages and the medieval archaeology. The article provides an overview of the collections of medieval archaeology acquired throughout the 19th–20th centuries from individuals (historians, museum workers, local historians, etc.), archaeologists, scientific organizations and societies. Today, archaeology items dated between 5th century BC and 1500s–1600s are available for researchers. The geography of the discovered items covers the territories of modern Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. This publication is intended to demonstrate the ways of forming the largest medieval collections in the museum, since the studying the history of museum funds formation does not only constitute an integral part of the history of science, but also lays the foundation for publication of museum collections that have long been unknown to science. The degree of exploration varies from collection to collection. Particular archaeology items have previously been studied by researchers, but most of the collection still requires introduction into scholarly discourse. One of the most remarkable features of the collection is its scale. It leads to an extraordinary interest in the history of the formation of the fund. A number of prominent persons contributed to this collection. They were collectors A.P. Bakhrushin and P.I. Shchukin, archaeologists D.D. Bukinich, M.V. Voevodsky, A.I. Terenozhkin and S.P. Tolstov. The work was based on an analysis of the main inventory book of the Historical Museum, lists of the collections and archeological items of the Central Asian fund of the medieval archaeology unit at the department of archaeology.
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Вороничев, О. Е. "СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ А.К. ТОЛСТЫМ РАЗГОВОРНОЙ И ПРОСТОРЕЧНОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ОБ ЭПОХЕ ИВАНА ГРОЗНОГО". Русистика и компаративистика, № 12 (1 жовтня 2018): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.25688/2619-0656.2018.12.12.
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В отборе и употреблении разговорных и просторечных слов в произведениях об эпохе Ивана Грозного А.К. Толстой следовал лучшим образцам русской исторической беллетристики, созданным Пушкиным, Лермонтовым и Гоголем. Он черпает из народной речи, фольклора, документальных источников и умело употребляет в поэтических текстах исторических баллад и драм актуальные разговорные и негрубые просторечные слова. В романе Князь Серебряный и нескольких прозаических сценах драматической трилогии Толстой более смело и частотно вводит в речь персонажей разговорные и просторечные слова, также сохраняя жанровостилистическое единство текста. In the trilogy The Death of Ivan the Terrible, Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich, Tsar Boris and Prince Serebryany novel set inRussia shortly before the Time of Trouble A.K. Tolstoy skillfully uses colloquialisms and vernacularisms typical of folk speech as an expressive stylistic tool to depict the epoch of Ivan the Terrible. In the mid 19th century, when these novels were written, there was no clearcut definition of colloquial and slang language. Employing colloquialisms and slangisms A.K. Tolstoy develops traditions of historical fiction shaped by A.S. Pushkin, M.Y. Lermontov and N.V. Gogol. Within the frame of historical genre, along with obsolete words A.K. Tolstoy borrows characteristic colloquialisms and slangisms from the vernacular, folklore, nonfiction sources. The language of A.K. Tolstoys historical novels does not sound conspicuously archaic or unreasonably modern. Heavy use of colloquialisms and vernacularisms, including vulgarisms and dialectisms by the common people in the historical novel Prince Serebryany and a few scenes of the drama trilogy is justified by the genre, the context and at the same time is absolutely consistent with the norms of the literary language of the 19th century genre. Colloquialisms and vernacularisms are also used to characterize speech patterns of the upper social groups romantic characters like prince Nikita Romanovich Serebryany, prince Ivan Petrovich Shujsky or boyar ZakharjinYuriev. Overall, A.K. Tolstoys idiosyncratic approach to portraying realistic characters in historical prose made a significant contribution to establishing the principles of realism in the Russian literature.
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Varfolomeev, Y. V. "Suit «tolstovtsa» V.A. Molochnikova (on Material archive Document state Museum L.N. Tolstogo)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 9, no. 1 (2009): 68–72. https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2009-9-1-68-72.
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In article through prism of the lawsuits is considered philosophicalreligious phenomenon «tolstovstva», as well as situation around legal responsibility L.N. Tolstogo and his followers. In the centre of the study – a conflict between personality and power, conscience and arbitrariness, free thought and semi-official publication, and, in particular, problem of the spreading tolstovskogo teachings and connected with this criminal prosecution supporter writer. In article are considered measures undertaken Livom Tolstym on organizations of legal protection defendant V.A. Molochnikova. The Study all vicissitudes judicial hearing is conducted on base of the analysis of the letters Molochnikova, revealed by author in division of the manuscripts State museum L.N. Tolstogo.
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Gómez de León, Yuri Liseth. "Evaluación de calidad de cinco híbridos de tomate solanum lycopersicum l. para elaboración de néctares artesanales, en San Marcos." Revista de Investigación Proyección Científica 3, no. 1 (2022): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56785/ripc.v3i1.60.
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La agroindustria del cultivo de tomate artesanal forma parte de emprendimientos rurales como envasados y conservación de hortalizas, tecnologías en agroindustria que demanda el comité de actores locales de la cadena de tomate del programa CRIA IICA.
 La evaluación de calidad de cinco híbridos de tomate para elaboración de néctares artesanales se hizo con el propósito de determinar las mejores características de calidad interna (°Brix, pH) y externa (sabor, color, acidez) de los híbridos: Retana f1, Toliman f1, Resistente f1, Tolstoi f1, Lancelot f1. Se determinó que todos los híbridos cumplieron con el contenido mínimo de °Brix entre 4.2 y 5.5, en pH los híbridos Lancelot y Tolstoi fluctúa entre 4.2 y 4.4, según lo establecido por la normativa (CODEX 2005).
 En los análisis sensoriales reportó que hay diferencias estadísticas significativas para los híbridos de tomate, en atributo color. Los jueces mostraron una mayor preferencia por el híbrido resistente puntuación de 7.22. El néctar con mayor acidez es el híbrido Tolstoi puntuación de 8.71, e impresión general punteo de 8.94 Toliman, 8.90 Lancelot, 7.03 Retana y 6.43 Resistente. Se concluye que los híbridos Resistente, Retan y Tolsoi tienen los parámetros ideales de calidad para la elaboración de néctares artesanales.
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Gevel, Olga E. "The image of a shirt in the novels and life of Leo Tolstoy: formulation of the problem." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 2 (2025): 64–72. https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/91/5.
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The paper focuses on the image of rubashka (a shirt) recurring in different contexts in the creative and epistolary works of Leo Tolstoy including his letters, diaries, and notes. The author addresses the methodologies utilized in current research concerning the poetics of the wardrobe of literary characters. The analysis corroborates the significance of the image, thereby underscoring the emphasis on these descriptive elements through the entire corpus. This study investigates the multiple roles and cultural settings of the rubashka image throughout history, with future research planned to provide further detailed analysis. The image in question proves to serve a dual purpose: as a character portrait and as a symbolic plot device, indicating significant transitions in social status (advancement, financial shifts, marriage) or biological status (birth, illness, or death. Also noted is the relationship between the imagery of rubashka and kaftan in the context of Tolstoy’s philosophy of “non-resistance to evil by violence” (a concept rooted in biblical teachings and frequently appearing in his literary and personal writings). It is of significance that rubashka becomes central to the visual representation of the writer. Many portraits, photographs, and videos feature Leo Tolstoy in his well-known tolstovka , a simple shirt that came to symbolize his philosophical perspective. The material of artistic works, including the novels “War and Peace” and “Anna Karenina,” confirms the conceptualization of using a shirt as a symbolic act by Leo Tolstoy, as demonstrated by his autobiographical images and their projections.
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Liu, Yuan'yuan'. "I. A. Bunin's Literary Work in the context of the Intercultural Dialogue between the Peoples of Russia and China." Litera, no. 8 (August 2022): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38618.
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The article is a description of the literary policy of the Chinese state on the example of the work of the Russian writer I. A. Bunin. It is emphasized that the Chinese state has always been interested in friendly mutually beneficial relations with the states and peoples of neighboring countries, so it has historically resorted to the "soft power" strategy. The hypothesis of the influence of the Chinese state on representatives of Russian cosmism, as well as their supporters, including I. A. Bunin, is expressed and partially substantiated. Russian writer's work and the development of Bunin studies in China, which, on the one hand, allows the Chinese to better understand the culture and soul of the Russian person, on the other hand, contributes to ensuring intercultural dialogue between the two peoples and their rapprochement, are considered. Conclusions are drawn that are important for the development of Russia and Russian-Chinese relations: a) Russia's harmonious development is impossible in conditions of isolation from the East, due to the geopolitical position of the country; b) The Chinese state has historically sought to ensure close cooperation with Russia using the "soft power" strategy; c) the "soft power" strategy was oriented towards the Russian intelligentsia, which formed a positive attitude of the Russian population towards the East and smoothed the sharp corners in the pro-Western policy of the Russian state; d) the policy of cultural influence of the Chinese Empire, and then the PRC, contributed to the transformation of the philosophical doctrine of Russian cosmism, which was supported by I. A. Bunin and other prominent Russian writers; e) eastern orientalism in the works of I. A. Bunin, to one degree or another contributed to the harmonization of relations in Russia and, along with the works of L. N. Tolstov and A. P. Chekhov, became part of the cultural tunnel between Western-oriented Russia and China.
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Jumabekova, G. S., and G. A. Bazarbaeva. "ON THE STUDIES OF THE ZOOMORPHIC IMAGES REPERTOIRE IN THE ART OF INKARDARIA SAKAS." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 33, no. 4 (2019): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.04.26.
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The article is devoted to zoomorphic images analysis received from the Saka sites of the Eastern Aral Sea region — Uygarak (VII—VI cc. BC) and South Tagisken (VII—V cc. BC). The images were studied by the Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition under the guidance of S. P. Tolstov. This material has been due to the fact that now there is an update of the source base of the studies of art objects belonging to the Saka time in the archaeology of the early Iron Age of Kazakhstan.
 At present the materials on Uygarak and South Tagisken are still among the sites with a large series of excavated mounds, both in the region and in Kazakhstan. Almost completely excavated burial grounds of the early Iron Age containing a large number of objects in Kazakhstan archaeology are single.
 The analysis of the material on Uygarak and Tagisken depicts that objects with zoomorphic decor were found in every burial. In percentage this makes 21 % in Uygarak and 18 % in Tagisken. According to the archaeologists O. A. Vishnevskaya, M. A. Itina, L. T. Yablonsky, who studied the monuments, the mounds were robbed by contemporaries. Consequently, conducting an objective analysis is difficult, but a trial to trace the dynamics of the emergence of objects created in zoomorphic style seems extremely interesting. There is a high probability that a small number of objects with preserved works of ancient art marks complexes belonging to the steppe aristocracy.
 Among zoomorphic images, the most common were birds and cat predators. There are objects in the shape of saigas and horses. Images of bears, wolves, deer, argali, wild boars, camels are quite rare. It is worth noting that bird images have never been found in Tagisken materials, and not a single horse and saiga image has been recorded in Uygarak. At the same time, the majority of zoomorphically decorated items are parts of horse equipment.
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Kuzmenko, Eduard. "INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR «GREAT BRITAIN IN WORLD AND UKRAINIAN HISTORY» (29.03.2024) AT THE FACULTY OF HISTORY OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KYIV." European Historical Studies, no. 31 (2025): 157–63. https://doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2025.31.12.
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On March 29, 2024, an important international scientific seminar titled «Great Britain in World and Ukrainian History» was held, bringing together 25 researchers of UK history and contemporary affairs from Ukraine and the UK. The event was organized by the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of Foreign Countries at the Faculty of History of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, as part of the development of the EP «American and European Studies (with in-depth study of foreign languages)». The seminar covered many practical and theoretical topics, including relevant aspects of the UK’s experience for Ukraine, historical perspectives, the current state, and prospects of Ukrainian-British relations. The special emphasis was placed on the foreign policy of the United Kingdom after Brexit. The plenary session was moderated by Professor Oleh Mashevskyi, Doctor of Historical Sciences, and Head of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of Foreign Countries. During the plenary session, participants had the opportunity to listen to and discuss the following keynote presentations: Glen Grant: «Military education: experience of the British Army. How the lessons of military history and military technology, leadership, and battle awareness shape the battles of the future»; Serhii Vakarin: «UK and Ukraine: strategic partnership. Experience of diplomatic, military and scientific cooperation with the UK»; Serhii Tolstov: «Analysis of the United Kingdom’s foreign policy after Brexit». Within the framework of the sections «Great Britain in World History» (moderated by Assistant Professor, Ph.D. in History Artem Koshelev) and «Great Britain in Ukrainian History» (moderated by Associate Professor, Ph.D. in History Oleh Kupchyk), a range of issues related to contemporary aspects of British-Ukrainian relations, foreign policy, and other topics concerning the United Kingdom were thoroughly examined. It was concluded that the regular annual organization of such events, with the expanded participation of scholars from Ukraine and the United Kingdom, would contribute to strengthening the British-Ukrainian bilateral dialogue.
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Полтавец, Елена Юрьевна. "AXIAL SYMBOLS IN THE NOVELS BY L.N. TOLSTOY AND I.S. TURGENEV." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Филология, no. 3(66) (November 6, 2020): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtfilol/2020.3.091.
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В статье рассматривается осевой символизм в романах Л. Н. Толстого и И. С. Тургенева: «Война и мир» и «Рудин». Осевой символизм основан на таких символах, как «дерево», «баррикада», «холм», «плотина», «сабля», «река», «дорога» и на вексиллосимволике. Функции «символа знамени» и других осевых символов в романах схожи. Гипотеза, обусловившая такой подход, состоит в том, что осевой символизм определяет основную идею и структуру образа. Герои Тургенева и Толстого - Рудин и князь Андрей - связаны с возвышенным. The article investigates the axial symbolism in Tolstoy`s and Turgenev`s novels: «War and Peace» and «Rudin». The axial symbolism is based on symbols such as «tree», «barricade», «hill», «dam», «saber», «river», «road» and on the vexillology symbolism. Functions of the «banner symbol» and functions of other axial symbols are similar in the novels. The hypothesis governing this approach is that axial symbolism determines the main idea and the structure of the image. Tolstoi`s and Turgenev`s heroes - Rudin and Prince Andrei - both are associated with the sublime.
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Shcheglova, T. K. "Viktoriya Anatolievna Lipinskaya and Altai: Features of the Field Work of Moscow Ethnographers in Siberia in the 1960–1990s." Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series 37 (2021): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2021.37.56.
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The article considers field research of Russian population of Altai Krai (region), carried out in 1960–1991 by the Viktoriya Lipinskaya, in the context of history of expedition activity of Institute of Ethnography of Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Siberia. The research topicality is determined by the fragmentary study of Siberian academic expeditions, problems of formation of ethnographic personnel during the Soviet period, and methods and techniques of ethnographers' field work. The sources of this research are the scientific works by Viktoriya Lipinskaya, based on expeditions materials, as well as materials from the author's own personal archive. Among them there are epistolary sources, interview materials, and memoirs of Viktoriya Lipinskaya. The predominance of documents of personal origin determined the accentuation on under-investigated issues of anthropology of scientific life: the paths of research into ethnographic science, the influence of objective and subjective factors on scientific choice, the ratio of theory and practice in the formation of research competences of young ethnographers. The issues of the organization of expeditions, material and technical support, human and methodological resourcing of field research projects were also considered. The principles of choosing of the research areas and selecting respondents were analyzed, the expedition routing was reconstructed. As a result of the analysis of Viktoriya Lipinskaya biography, closely associated with the scientific life of the 1950–1980s, the contribution of the academic institute to the ethnographic study of the Altai population is assessed, and the influence of subjective and objective factors on the results of academic research is revealed. At the turn of the 1950s and 1960s the formation of research programs was determined by the change of research priorities from the study of “traditionalism” to “innovativeness”, interpreted as the influence of socialist modernization on mentality and utility culture of ethnic and social groups in Soviet society. In this context are considered the activities of the director of Institute of Ethnography AS USSR Sergei Tolstov and his deputy Ludmila Terentieva. At the end, conclusions are drawn about the contribution of Viktoriya Lipinskaya to the ethnographic study of the Russians in Siberia.
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Darabus, Carmen. "The Dance – tension of communication in literature." Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine, no. 2 (August 14, 2023): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.2.2022.365.
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The aim of investigation: is the role of dance as social coagulation and background for intense feelings, in connection with the new branch of neuroscience. The method of research: is a comparative one, choosing writer from different cultural spaces and epochs: Gustave Flaubert, Henrik Ibsen, Nikos Kazantzakis, Liviu Rebreanu, L. N. Tolstoi. Conclusion: neurosciences analyze the intersection of corporal contact with the control of movements, learning by imitation, emotional expression and the psycho-dynamic of subliminal. The article analyzes the function of emotional communication by dance, with reference to Dionysian manifestation of art, and to neuroscience. The authors and the works to which it refers are: Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert, A doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen, Anna Karenina by L. N. Tolstoy, Ciuleandra by Liviu Rebreanu and Zorba the Greek by Nikos Kazantzakis - three female characters and two male character. Their common element it is the feeling of an internal liberation and the communication of an erotic tension, the fusion with the person you love and with the universe
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Araújo, Paula Alves Martins de. "Triunfo do realismo: o que é isso?" Verinotio – Revista on-line de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas 26, no. 1 (2020): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36638/1981-061x.2020.v26.544.
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Ao analisar uma obra literária, Lukács a localiza em seu contexto histórico-social. Em seus estudos sobre Tolstói, por exemplo, ele busca demonstrar como a obra desse escritor supera certas dificuldades impostas em sua época para o “grande realismo”. Para tanto, foram essenciais as reverberações da revolução camponesa russa. Ela permitiu, de acordo com o filósofo, que Tolstói rompesse, até certo ponto, com as limitações de sua própria visão de mundo reacionária e atingisse uma figuração precisa, realista da realidade russa. Isso é o que Lukács chama de “triunfo do realismo”. Ele remonta à compreensão de Engels sobre a relação entre literatura e o posicionamento ideológico do autor, explicando como é possível – sob determinadas circunstâncias – que a visão de mundo reacionária de um autor não só não deforme a figuração da realidade, mas também contribua – positivamente – para sua realização literária. Com essa apreciação, Lukács se distancia de alguns críticos da II. Internacional, em cuja avaliação Tolstoi não passava de um conde reacionário – o que ele era –, aproximando-se e desenvolvendo as análises de Lênin sobre o escritor russo. Para Lênin, Tolstói era o espelho literário da revolução russa de 1905. Lukács busca então desvelar como esse acontecimento histórico se imprime na composição de Tolstói. Por si só, tal reconstrução hermenêutica tem seu interesse; ela sugere, para além, o complexo de questões em torno da decadência ideológica, tão caro à fortuna crítica sobre Lukács . Pois, em paralelo a sua análise sobre Tolstói, Lukács menciona o destino de autores ocidentais como Flaubert, para quem, a despeito de sua honestidade inquestionável, tal caminho já não era mais acessível e sua obra permaneceu inferior às narrativas do grande realismo. em uma tensão constante. Esse e o outro lado da moeda, repleto de elementos que subjazem à compreensão de Lukács sobre a literatura moderna. Nosso artigo visa assim discutir essa tese, perguntando-se quais são as circunstâncias que tornam possível um tour de force realista. Também nos interessa avaliar o contexto em que Lukács desenvolve essa tese, considerando suas polêmicas contra o sociologismo vulgar, bem como seu engajamento na frente popular nos anos 1930.
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Bojanic, Petar. "Violence and “Counter-Violence”. On Correct Rejection. A Sketch of a Possible Russian Ethics of War Considered through the Understanding of Violence in Tolstoy and in Petar II Petrović Njegoš." RUDN Journal of Philosophy 24, no. 4 (2020): 657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2020-24-4-657-668.
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The articles intention is to construct a possible minimal response to violence, that is, to describe what would be justified (necessary or legitimate) противонасилие (counter-violence). This argument is built on reviving several important philosophical texts in Russian of the first half of the twentieth century as well as on going beyond that historical moment. Starting with the reconstruction of Tolstoys criticism of any use of violence, it is then shown that, paradoxically, resistance to Tolstoys or pseudo-Tolstoys teachings ends up incorporating Tolstoys thematization of counter-violence into various theories, which sought to legitimate the use of force. In particular, Tolstoys discovery of a force, which, on the one hand, is not grounded in violence and, on the other hand, which is capable of countering violence, becomes fundamental in reasoning about the just use of force. The connection is made between Tolstoy and Petar II Petrović Njego, who also thematizes the use of force in Christian perspective. In his view, justice, blessed by the Creators hand, has the capacity to protect from violent force. Any living thing defends itself from what endangers it by means Creator bestowed it with. Living force and protective use of force are conceptually linked in Njegos reasoning. Thus, only protective force can defeat aggressive force. This is shown to be Njegos contribution to the Orthodox Christian discourse on violence. If a force can be counter-violent, the next step in our argument would be to search for a protocol that should have universal validity, that is, it has to be valid for all conflicting sides, The protocol of counter-violence requires that, firstly, it is a response to violence; secondly, it interrupts violence and forestalls any possible future violence (it is the last violence); thirdly, it is subject to verification, it addresses those who are a priori against any response to violence (which usually refers to various forms of Tolstoyism). Finally, it is shown that state power does not create law, but it is being right that makes law or gives life to social order, and thereby can authorize the use of force. This is the innovation in the histories of justification of force, absent in the West. Aggressive violence can necessarily be opposed only in the way that implies the possibility of constituting law and order.
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Sokolov, Boris V. "A Prototype of Vadim Roshchin in the “White” Version of Alexey N. Tolstoy's Trilogy The Road to Calvary." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 26, no. 1 (2021): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2021-26-1-16-32.
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The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the idea of the white version of the second volume of A.N. Tolstoy's trilogy The Road to Calvary , created by the writer in the emigration in 1921-1923. This idea was fundamentally different from the one embodied by A.N. Tolstoy after his return to the USSR. Materials published in 1918 in the Rostov magazine Donskaya Volna ( Don Wave ) are used for the reconstruction. Those materials help to identify Colonel V.K. Manakin as a supposed prototype of one of the main characters, Vadim Roshchin, in the final chapters of the first volume of the trilogy and in the first chapters of the second volume of the white version. The prototype makes it feasible to reconstruct the possible idea of the second volume of the white version of The Road to Calvary . A.N. Tolstoy's notebooks are also used for the reconstruction. The reconstruction of A.N. Tolstoys plan turned out to be more logically consistent compared to the only existing Soviet version of the second and third volumes of the trilogy The Road to Calvary. Both Roshchin and Telegin, in the emigrant version of the first volume of the trilogy act as ideologists of the White Movement, find themselves in the White Armies of Southern Russia, and then in exile. The study shows that the transition of the main characters to the Red Movement in the Soviet version of The Road to Calvary is artistically unconvincing, since it does not correspond to the original plan of A.N. Tolstoy, embodied in the emigrant version of Sisters .
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KRETSCHMANN, Angela. "PREFÁCIO AO V.4, N.7 DA REVISTA DIÁLOGOS DO DIREITO: "A MORTE DE IVAN ILITCH"." REVISTA DIÁLOGOS DO DIREITO - ISSN 2316-2112 4, no. 7 (2015): 05. http://dx.doi.org/10.17793/rdd.v4i7.817.
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<p> A Revista Diálogos do Direito chega a seu sétimo número, agora pleiteando construir um diálogo entre professores, alunos, comunidade acadêmica, interna e externa, com a obra de Leon Tolstói, “A morte de Ivan Ilitch”. Sem dúvida, a edição contou com o entusiasmo com que a obra também foi discutida nos corredores, bar, restaurante, biblioteca, trabalhos, provas, e todo tipo de atividade acadêmica em que se poderia – de uma forma ou de outra – revelar e realizar comparações da vida que se tem, com a vida do personagem Ivan Ilitch, construído por Leon Tolstoi.</p><p> Há, portanto, uma transmutação, e não obstante a distância histórica da origem da obra foi realizada com tranquilidade, talvez dado ao fato de que convivemos na atualidade com uma melancolia e uma luta permanente pelo sentido da vida, que certamente transborda os limites da vida do personagem de Tolstoi, para atingir a todos.</p><p> O melhor do diálogo pode ser sempre aquele dos corredores, mas sempre respingos do debate transparecem nas mais diversas formas pelas quais cada professor ou colaborador/autor acaba expressando a forma como percebe a obra, e o contexto no qual deseja inseri-la, a fim de explorar ainda mais suas qualidades literárias. E isso hoje em dia acaba se refletindo inclusive nas conversas pelas mídias, pelos grupos, pelas formas contemporâneas e muitas vezes mais imediatas de referenciar, comentar e relacionar que a tecnologia nos proporciona – o que só enriquece ainda mais o debate!</p>
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UDOFIA, Christopher Alexander. "Tolstoy’s Philosophy of Non-Violence: A Discourse." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 3, no. 3 (2023): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.3.3.7.
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The title of this paper is Tolstoy’s Philosophy of Non-violence: A Discourse and the major thesis projected in this research is the idea that the actualization of peace, as demonstrated in Tolstoy’s philosophy of non-violence, requires the adoption of a revolutionary approach which has the potential of terminating the vicious circle of violence. Conflict is evidently an inevitable social phenomenon. Consequently, every event of conflict avails us of an opportunity to convert a seemingly destructive occurrence into a constructive outcome. This constructive conversion of conflict is what Tolstoy sought to achieve. This approach to conflict does not only ensure the sustenance of peace but it promotes harmonious social coexistence and entrenches the culture of non-violence. The benefits of non-violence cannot however be overemphasized and every pragmatic method for achieving peace should be studied. This constitutes the rationale behind this paper’s investigation of Tolstoy’s methodology of non-violence. Though most pundits would be aversed to the Tolstoyian method as impracticable, but Tolstoy was inspired by the example of Christ in the Bible and he believed that a passionate commitment to the Biblical teachings of Christ requires that Christians must imitate the examples of Christ.
 The paper utilizes the method of analysis to expose the conflict resolution formula of non-resistance to evil which is the intellectual ferment from which Tolstoy draws inspiration for his philosophy of non-violence. The major problem of this work is to expose the conflict resolution method espoused by Tolsoy and the central objective of the paper is to showcase the method of active passivism; borne out of the law of love, as an instrument of conquering violence in contradistinction to fascism which is based on the law of force and can only generate an unending spiral of violence. Whereas Tolstoy’s approach is contradictory to fascism in the sense that it absolutely negates the use of coercion and oppression, his non-violent non-resistance to evil is however a contrary to the non-violent resistance principle adopted by most freedom fighters like Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jnr. Tolstoy’s idea, critically assessed, may be appraised as containing the recipe for the multiplication of social evil; an outcome which Tolstoy vehemently aimed at averting and banishing through his modus operandi.
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Belousova, Olga. "Count D.A. Tolstoy: a reluctant modernizer." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 8-2 (2023): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202308statyi57.
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Chesterton, G. K. "Leo Tolstoy." Chesterton Review 20, no. 1 (1994): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton19942012.
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de K. Holman, M. J., and William W. Rowe. "Leo Tolstoy." Modern Language Review 83, no. 1 (1988): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3728655.
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English, Sean. "Leo Tolstoy." Acorn 13, no. 1 (2005): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acorn2005/20061314.
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Silbajoris, Rimvydas, and William W. Rowe. "Leo Tolstoj." Slavic and East European Journal 31, no. 1 (1987): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/307026.
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Miller, John (Jack) P. "Leo Tolstoy." International Journal of Children's Spirituality 17, no. 3 (2012): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1364436x.2012.704231.
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Yegorov, Semion Filippovitch. "Leo Tolstoy." Prospects 24, no. 3-4 (1994): 647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02195293.
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Moonyoung Lee. "Tolstoy versus Tolstoy: Tolstoy's Peace Thought and Practice." Journal of Foreign Studies ll, no. 35 (2016): 199–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.15755/jfs.2016..35.199.
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Meleshko, E. D., and K. A. Podrezov. "PROJECT OF AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH OF SPIRITUALHERITAGE OF L. N. TOLSTOY IN EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL EDUCATIONALPRACTICES OF THE UNIVERSITY L. N. TOLSTOY." Gumanitarnye vedomosti TGPU im L N Tolstogo, no. 2 (50) (July 31, 2024): 5–11. https://doi.org/10.22405/2304-4772-2024-1-2-5-11.
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The relevance of research. The article discusses the main directions of preparation for the200th anniversary of the birth of L. N. Tolstoy at the University of L. N. Tolstoy. An integrativeformat for the study of Tolstoy's work is proposed, combining scientific (academic and universityresearch), cultural, educational and educational practices of the humanitarian sphere. Therelevance of the project lies in the practical implementation of fundamental theoretical studies ofthe spiritual heritage of L. N. Tolstoy in the educational process during the training of teaching staffin higher education, highly qualified personnel. It is assumed that the project will have ahumanitarian impact on the dynamics of the socio-cultural development of the Tula region. Thenovelty lies in the new research strategy of L. N. Tolstoy's work, corresponding to the challenges ofmodern culture, which will determine the thematic diversity of the content of works, theirmethodology and methods within the framework of various fields of humanities: history, culturalstudies of literary studies, linguistics, museology, pedagogy, law, sociology, philosophy, ethics. Theaim of the project is to create an integrative model of scientific research of L. N.'s spiritual heritage.In the educational and cultural–educational practices of the University of L. N. Tolstoy, using thebest traditions of university Tolstoy readings, the work of the Department of Spiritual Heritage of L.N. Tolstoy, which will make it possible to become one of the leading centers for the study of thespiritual heritage of L. N. Tolstoy. Objectives: inter-communicative scientific, educational, cultural,educational and organizational interaction of the project actors involves the creation of the Instituteof the Spiritual Heritage of L. N. Tolstoy and Russian Culture as an organizational structuralplatform within the framework of L. N. Tolstoy University, uniting scientists and staff of theUniversity, IFRAN, Lomonosov Moscow State University, cultural and Philosophical Society of theRussian Federation, Voronezh State University; Kaluga University named after K. A. Tsialkovsky,Belgorod Research University, Belgorod Institute of Culture and Arts, Ivanovo University, Shuiskybranch of Ivanovo University, etc. Cultural and educational interaction in the project involvescooperation with museums: Yasnaya Polyana, Tolstoy Museum Moscow, Tolstoy Museum inChechnya and Dagestan; cooperation with the Central library named after V. I. Lenin of Tula;interaction and cooperation with the Rector's office and structural units of the University;organization and holding of international conferences dedicated to the 200th anniversary of thebirth of Leo Tolstoy; preparation of the exhibition fund and organization of exhibitions dedicated tothe work of Leo Tolstoy at the University; international cooperation (India, China). Educational practices within the curricula of university faculties, additional education, advanced training ofschool teachers: creation and implementation of elective courses of L. N. Tolstoy's spiritualheritage: "Tolstoy and the culture of Islam", "Classical humanism of L. N. Tolstoy and moderntranshumanism", online courses "L. N. Tolstoy Tolstoy and the Culture of Islam", online course "L.N. Tolstoy's Moral Philosophy", "L. N. Tolstoy and the Art of Morality", "L. N. Tolstoy and the Sagesof the World", "L. N. Tolstoy's Pedagogy", etc.
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Jones, W. Gareth, A. A. Donskov, L. D. Gromova, and T. G. Nikiforova. "L. N. Tolstoi i S. A. Tolstaia, Perepiska s N. N. Strakhovym: The Tolstoys' Correspondence with N. N. Strakhov." Modern Language Review 97, no. 1 (2002): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3735700.
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Kalashnikov, Alexander. "Leo Tolstoy’s translation of Gospels in light of 20th century translation studies." Sendebar 25 (October 13, 2014): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/sendebar.v25i0.1547.
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This article is devoted to the ideas of Leo Tolstoy on translation issues represented in his almost unknown book Soedineniye i perevod chetyrekh Evangelii (The Four Gospels Harmonized and Translated) (Tolstoy 1957; Tolstoy 1896; Tolstoy 1904 a, b), in which the major parts of the New Testament were translated and commented upon with regards to the official (a.k.a. Synodal) translation into Russian as well as the original Greek text. Though Tolstoy attempted to simplify and even omit some passages as irrelevant, many of his translation methods had a clear correlation with the approaches formulated in 20th century theory of translation, namely semantic analysis, inner and surface structures and cultural equivalence.
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Anisimova, E. E. "“Tolstoys are Totally Different Matter...” A. K. Tolstoy in Bunin’s Experience of Historical Reflection: B. Genre Aspect of the Theme of Memory." Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 15, no. 2 (2020): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2020-2-371-384.
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The article deals with I. A. Bunin’s perception of the personality and works by A. K. Tolstoy. The key components of this reception are the system of philosophy of history views formulated by A. K. Tolstoy and his concept of historical memory. The belonging of the 19 th century poet to the large Tolstoy family was mythologized by Bunin and became a reason for understanding and determining the young writer’s own position in relation to each of the three writers: L. N. Tolstoy, A. K. Tolstoy and Bunin’s contemporary A. N. Tolstoy. The paper draws upon fictional and nonfictional documents by I. A. Bunin and A. K. Tolstoy. Bunin’s reception of the personality and artistic heritage by A. K. Tolstoy was determined by the history of his origin. The Tolstoy family attracted Bunin’s attention because it was an illustration of his own concept of the literary gift as a “family affair”. Leo Tolstoy enjoyed an undisputed genius and generally recognized family reputation. Aleksey N. Tolstoy’s biography, on the contrary, was ambiguous – the fact that inspired Bunin’s scandalous hints in his essay “The Third Tolstoy”. Aleksey K. Tolstoy’s biographical path of was also surrounded by similar rumors – but Bunin in his article “Inonia and Kitezh” prefers to keep silent on them. In the 1900s, A. K. Tolstoy appeared to Bunin as a rival poet, and in the eyes of Bunin’s contemporaries as the one of his main literary predecessors. Bunin’s poem “Kurgan” was a kind of poetic response to A. K. Tolstoy’s ballad “Kurgan” dedicated to the problem of historical oblivion. These works-doublets could serve as an illustration of one of the types of literary “revision” introduced by H. Bloom. Bunin developed the plot of A. K. Tolstoy’s “Kurgan” in the elegiac genre and demonstrated the value of the past in the present. Since 1918, Bunin’s perception of Tolstoy’s legacy has changed. A. K. Tolstoy’s views of the Russian history are publicly emphasized in the “Cursed Days”, “Mission of the Russian Emigration” and “Inonia and Kitezh”. According to A. K. Tolstoy, the historical catastrophe for Russia was programmed by “Tatar yoke”, which distorted the European character of the national culture and personality and later drove the nation to the particularly Asian, as Tolstoy thought, phenomenon of Ivan the Terrible. Borrowing some modern ideas from the natural sciences, Bunin transferred a number of A. K. Tolstoy’s observations into an anthropological sphere and pointed out specific signs of the “Mongolian” traces in Bolsheviks’ Russia.
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Andreeva, Valeria G. "How ‘to Make Letters from the Tula Province more Interesting for us Russians than Letters from London or New York’. On the Correspondence and Creative Interaction of L. N. Tolstoy and I. S. Aksakov." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 69 (2023): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2023-69-203-215.
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The purpose of the paper is to analyze the correspondence between Tolstoy and Aksakov, more precisely, three letters of Aksakov, their detailed scientific commentary and identification, explanation of the realities and facts that make it possible to deeply comprehend the ideological positions and views of Tolstoy and Aksakov. The research notes that in Aksakov’s letters to Tolstoy, his personal and civic position, ideas about the best ways for Russia's development are perfectly manifested. Aksakov’s letters are of great importance to the study of the issue of his thoughtful influence on Tolstoy in attempt to make the latter an adherent of Slavophilism. The work highlights similarities and echoes in the fates of Aksakov and Tolstoy and substantiates a great influence of the Crimean War on both writers. For all the seeming episodic nature, Aksakov’s three letters to Tolstoy allow us to trace the evolution of the writer’s and editor’s views, their dissimilarity in time — the passion for journalism and topical social problems was replaced by both Tolstoy and Aksakov with an awareness of the enduring value of fiction. An analytical study of Aksakov’s letters allowed us to conclude that he was attentive to the work, life and social activities of Tolstoy, and to note Aksakov’s high appreciation of Tolstoy’s studies. Keeping in line with the general ideological direction of the Slavophiles, when opening new newspapers — Den and Rus — Aksakov interpreted the Slavophile tradition in different ways, however invariably inviting Tolstoy to his new publications, considering him one of the best and most advanced writers.
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Oliveira, Juliane Bassanufa, and Carlos Francisco de Morais. "Anna Karenina no cinema: o primeiro encontro de Anna e Vronski nos filmes de 1935, 1948 e 2012 / Anna Karenina on the cinema: the first encounter of Anna and Vronski in the movies from 1935, 1948 and 2012." Texto Livre: Linguagem e Tecnologia 10, no. 2 (2017): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1983-3652.10.2.254-270.
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RESUMO: Este estudo surgiu da participação no grupo de pesquisa intitulado Literatura em Diálogo, que tem como objetivo o estudo e a pesquisa sobre as diversas adaptações cinematográficas do romance Anna Karenina, de Leon Tolstói. Neste estudo, em particular, é feita uma análise da primeira cena de encontro entre Anna Karenina e Alexei Vronski, nas adaptações cinematográficas de 1935 (Clarence Brown), 1948 (Julien Duvivier) e 2012 (Joe Wright), e no texto literário de Tolstói (1877). A apropriação do texto literário pelo cinema fez com que os olhares de teóricos de ambas as artes se voltassem para a relação entre elas. Sendo assim, há diversos conceitos a serem analisados e articulados, entre eles: fidelidade, tradução, elementos fílmicos e intertextualidade. Nesta pesquisa, investiga-se o material literário, sua recriação cinematográfica e as múltiplas possibilidades que surgem dessa relação de linguagens artísticas diferentes e com particularidades específicas. Dentro das próprias produções fílmicas serão apontadas, ao longo do artigo, as diferentes formas de realizar adaptações, que carregam as ideologias do seu realizador, condições de realização e contextos históricos diferentes. A perspectiva teórica que norteia esta pesquisa é a literária em conjunto com a cinematográfica, segundo os estudos de Stam (2006), Pereira (2009), Hutcheon (2011) e outros. Em outras palavras, investiga-se qual(is) representação(ções) pode(m) ser percebida(s) nessas adaptações fílmicas feitas através da apropriação do texto. Pretende-se observar não somente o deslocamento do literário para a obra cinematográfica, mas também as diferentes formas de se fazer a adaptação dentro das próprias produções para a tela do material ficcional, pois não existe uma única maneira de produzir adaptações.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Anna Karenina; adaptações; cinema; literatura; pesquisa.ABSTRACT: The origin of this study is the participation in the research group Literature and Dialogue, that seeks to study and research the many filmic adaptations of the novel Anna Karenina, by Leon Tolstoi. In this particular study, an analysis of the first encounter between Anna Karenina and Alexei Vronski was conducted, as it was portrayed in the filmic adaptations from 1935 (Clarence Brown), 1948 (Julien Duvivier) and 2012 (Joe Wright), as well as in the literary text by Tolstoy (1877). The appropriation of the literary text by the cinema made the theoreticians from both fields turn their attention towards the the relationship between them: fidelity, translation, filmic elements and intertextuality. In this research, the literary material was investigated, as well as its filmic recreations and the multiple possibilities that come from the relationship between different artistic languages with specific particularities. Within the filmic productions themselves, throughout the article, different ways to conduct adaptations are going to be pointed at, as they carry the ideologies of their auteurs, the conditions in which they were produced and their different historical contexts. This study was informed by literary and cinematographic theoretical perspectives, according to the studies of Stam (2006), Pereira (2009), Hutcheon (2011) and others. In other words, this study investigates which representations may be found in the filmic adaptations conducted through the appropriation of the text. The study aims not only at looking at the movement from literature to cinematographic work, but also at the different ways to conduct an adaptation within the productions of the fictional material for the screen, since there are many possible ways to produce adaptations.KEYWORDS: Anna Karenina; adaptations; cinema; literature; research.
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Ismailova, Zarema Ramazanovna. "MEMOIRS OF MAGOMED EFENDIEV IN THE CONTEXT OF DAGESTAN MEMOIR LITERATURE OF THE XX CENTURY." Herald of the G. Tsadasa Institute of Language, Literature and Art, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestiyali24/10.
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Magomed Efendiev is the only author of memoirs about L. N. Tolstoy in the Dagestan memoir literature, because there are no other Dagestan memoirists in the literature about L. N. Tolstoy. M. Efendiev's memoirs contain many interesting details about the great writer and his family. In addition, the memoirs of Magomed Efendiev are also interesting in terms of a new look at the work of L. N. Tolstoy, in particular, for example, the similarity of some scenes of the trial in the novel «Resurrection» by L. N. Tolstoy and some aspects of the biography of M. Efendiev himself. Despite some controversial points, these memoirs are of undoubted value both for Dagestan literature in general, and for literature about L. N. Tolstoy.
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Cadamagnani, Cinzia. "Leo Tolstoy in Italy." Literary Fact, no. 4 (26) (2022): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-8297-2022-26-75-89.
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The author of the article describes two trips to Italy made by Leo Tolstoy in 1857 and 1860–1861, and for the first time publishes her own translation from Italian into Russian of the text appearing in the pamphlet “Three Popes, or Peace Between Christian Churches” (I tre papi, ossia la pace tra le chiese cristiane, 1893) as a report by L.N. Tolstoy at the “Conference on the fusion of all Christian churches” (held supposedly in 1891, in Florence). She also publishes three letters sent to Tolstoy by the author of the pamphlet, Giovanni Guidotti, recently discovered in the Department of Manuscript Funds of the State Museum of L.N. Tolstoy, which demonstrate that Tolstoy never attended the aforementioned conference and that Guidotti’s book is a historical forgery.
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Kurianova, Valeria V. "Tolstoy’s Supertext and the Leninist Myth about Lev N. Tolstoy." World of the Russian Word, no. 1 (2024): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu30.2024.105.
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The article is devoted to the study of one of the varieties of associative and semantic supertext, the nominative persona text, in this particular case the Tolstoy text and its basis — the Tolstoy myth. The aim of this article is to show the role of Vladimir I. Lenin in the creation of the literary mythology about Lev N. Tolstoy, characteristic of the Soviet period, and, consequently, in the creation of the Tolstoy text in the Russian literature of the 20th century. The author’s myth about Tolstoy, created in the articles by Ulyanov-Lenin, is an important part of the literary myth about the great Russian writer, which, due to the significance for the writer’s consciousness of the Leninist heritage promoted in the Soviet era, had a significant impact on the perception of Tolstoy’s personality, creative and journalistic heritage in literary works and literary studies in 20th century Russia. The introduction includes a brief theoretical explanation of the research problem with reference to the works of famous Russian philologists, as well as an explanation of the possibility of considering Lenin’s articles as facts of literary and literary-critical nature. A brief characterization of the works of both the Soviet period and recent times on the problem of “Lenin on Tolstoy” is given, on the basis of which a conclusion is made about the novelty of the work. It is pointed out that the research was carried out with reliance on sociological, mythopoetic, structuralist and biographical methods of literary studies. In conclusion, it is argued that Lenin’s works on Tolstoy, his views and his legacy actively shaped the Tolstoy mythology, which, thanks to the subsequent canonization of Lenin as the leader of the revolution and the inspirer of socialist construction, gained a foothold in the public consciousness and had its influence on the formation of the Tolstoy text in Russian literature.
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Dubakov, Leonid V. "Two “Liberations of Tolstoy”: I. A. Bunin and A. L. Ivanchenko on Death and Creativity." Izvestiia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriia literatury i iazyka 82, no. 2 (2023): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s160578800025505-1.
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The article correlates the book, or essay by I. Bunin “The Liberation of Tolstoy” (1937) with the essay by A. Ivanchenko “The Liberation of Tolstoy” (2005). The author’s literary and religious intentions (of all three writers), the features of the created image of Leo Tolstoy in both essays, the themes and problems of Tolstoy’s creative work and his religious and philosophical journalism, perceived in a certain way by Bunin and Ivanchenko, the specifics of the narrative are in the center of consideration. The key problem that both authors are concerned with is the liberation of Tolstoy. Bunin sees it as liberation from death, Ivanchenko – as liberation from the personality immersed in samsara. In both “Tolstoy’s Liberations”, the authors, speaking of the great writer, express their own ideas about the meaning of life and about the nature and purpose of the writer’s craft. Bunin stands on a specific “Christian-Buddhist” position, approaching Tolstoy in his desire for “Buddhist dissolution” and at the same time fearing him, striving for the fullness of sensual existence. Ivanchenko as a Buddhist sees in Tolstoy someone who intuitively approached Buddhist teaching and his practice of final self-liberation. Bunin’s polyphonic text about Tolstoy, which forms the space and the process of reflection, turns out to be Ivanchenko’s monologue of the author, logically building a thought from beginning to end and eliminating the bustle and vanity of worldly life with ironic headings. The article also draws on other texts by A. Ivanchenko, in which he refers to the image of L. Tolstoy. In the cycle of literary and philosophical essays “Homo Mysticus. The Sunstroke Sutras” and in LiveJournal, in the records of the “Verbarium” account, he understands Tolstoy as a model of a writer who goes from words to silence, from external creativity to existential creativity.
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Pursglove, Michael, W. Gareth Jones, and Patrick Waddington. "Tolstoi and Britain." Modern Language Review 94, no. 1 (1999): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3736109.
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Dolinin, A. S. "Logic and Tolstoy." Soviet Studies in Literature 23, no. 3-4 (1987): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rsl1061-197523030464.
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