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Journal articles on the topic 'Toluene-methanol solution'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Nguyen Thi Anh, Thu, Nhung Nguyen Thi Ai, Luy Nguyen Thi, Linh Nguyen Le My, and Duc Hoang Van. "Effect of solvents on the structure of inorganic – organic hybrid material ZIF-11." Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption 10, no. 1S (2021): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/jca.2021.122.

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In this paper, ZIF-11 materials were synthesized from benzimidazole (BIm) and zinc acetate in different solvent systems at room temperature. The obtained samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR and TGA measurements and tested for toluene and iodine adsorption ability. The results show that the synthesized materials had nano-size, and uniformity with the sharp rhombic dodecahedrons structure of ZIF-11. The studied solvent systems almost did not affect the crystal size of the materials, but had an small influence on their thermal stability and the toluene adsorption ability. The samples

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2

LAROUS, Soumaya, Nadjet BOULKROUNE, Racha Chiraz OUGOUR, and Nourhen Nada M’ZAHEM. "Study of quaternary liquid-liquid equilibria for systems (water/ methanol/ cyclohexanol+ toluene): Experimental and modelling." Revue Roumaine de Chimie 69, no. 5-6 (2024): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33224/rrch.2024.69.5-6.09.

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The experimental liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the extraction of methanol from aqueous solution using mixed solvents (toluene + cyclohexanol) at 291.15 K and atmospheric pressure at the ratios (0, 0.25, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) was studied. The values of the solvent ratio 0 and 1 led us to study the liquid-liquid equilibrium of the ternary systems (water/methanol/cyclohexanol) and (water/methanol/toluene). The compositions of the coexisting phases were determined by the cloud point method. The tie line data for ternary and quaternary systems were correlated by NRTL model. The Othmer-Tobias

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3

G., D. TEMBHARE, M. CHINCHOLKAR M., and B. KHARAT R. "Determination of 2-Hydroxy-5-methyldibenzoy)methane in Non-aqueous Medium by Enthalpimetric, Conductometric and Potentiometric Methods." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 69, Sep 1992 (1992): 609–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6088800.

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Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Nagpur-440 001 <em>Manuscript received 17 January 1991, revised 28 April 1992, accepted 18 June 1992</em> Determination of 2-Hydroxy-5-methyldibenzoylmethane in Non-aqueous Medium by Enthalpimetric, Conductometric and Potentiometric Methods.

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4

Won, Ga, Ahrumi Park, Youngmin Yoo, et al. "Improving the Separation Properties of Polybenzimidazole Membranes by Adding Acetonitrile for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration." Membranes 13, no. 1 (2023): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010104.

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In research on membranes, the addition of co-solvents to the polymer dope solution is a common method for tuning the morphology and separation performance. For organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) applications, we synthesized polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes with high separation properties and stability by adding acetonitrile (MeCN) to the dope solution, followed by crosslinking with dibromo-p-xylene. Accordingly, changes in the membrane structure and separation properties were investigated when MeCN was added. PBI/MeCN membranes with a dense and thick active layer and narrow finger-like macr

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5

Chew, Kang Wei, Nor Azura Abdul Rahim, Pei Leng Teh, and Nurfatin Syafiqah Abdul Hisam. "The Effect of Solvents on the Preparation of Poly(9,9-Dioctylfluorene) Thin Films." Solid State Phenomena 336 (August 30, 2022): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-60h7h4.

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The optoelectronic properties of Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) are highly influenced by the existence of a well-defined chain extended “β-phase” conformational isomer. This study aims to evaluate the produced PFO films optical properties. Pristine PFO films and aggregated PFO films were fabricated by the solvent casting method. PFO was first dissolved in chloroform and toluene separately. Meanwhile, for aggregated film, different percentage of methanol (poor solvent) was added to the PFO solution to induce β-phase formation. UV-vis measurement and scanning electron microscopy were used to ch

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6

Jewłoszewicz, Beata, Krzysztof A. Bogdanowicz, Wojciech Przybył, Agnieszka Iwan, and Ireneusz Plebankiewicz. "PEDOT:PSS in Water and Toluene for Organic Devices—Technical Approach." Polymers 12, no. 3 (2020): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030565.

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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) water and toluene solutions were investigated in detail, taking into consideration their stability, wettability, transparency, and electrochemical properties, along with change polarity caused by dopant. As dopant, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were used with different dipole moments (1.70, 1.69, and 1.66 D) and dielectric constants (33.0, 24.5, and 18.0). Three techniques, i.e., spin coating, doctor blade coating, and spray coating, were employed to created PEDOT:PSS layers on glass, glass/indium tin oxide (ITO), and glas

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7

Stephenson, W. Kirk, and Richard Fuchs. "Enthalpies of interaction of aromatic solutes with organic solvents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 9 (1985): 2529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-418.

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Heats of solution of several aromatic solutes (benzene, toluene, mesitylene, nitrobenzene, α,α,α-trifluorotoluene, anisole) and model compounds (n-butyl methyl ether, cyclohexane) in 17 organic solvents (n-heptane, cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, α,α,α-trifluorotoluene, triethylamine, butyl ether, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, toluene, mesitylene, t-butyl alcohol, 1-octanol, methanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) have been combined with solute heats of vaporization to give enthalpies of transfer from vapor to solvent (ΔH(v → S)). Differences b

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8

Prieto, O., J. Fermoso, and R. Irusta. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene in Air Using a Fluidized Bed Photoreactor." International Journal of Photoenergy 2007 (2007): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/32859.

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The photocatalytic degradation of toluene in air was carried out on particles ofTiO2in a photocatalytic reactor that had been developed to study the treatment of organic pollutants in a gaseous phase. Hypothetically, the fluidized bed technology of this reactor could make it possible to increase the mass transfer coefficients in comparison with those of conventional photoreactors. The photocatalytic particles used were prepared by mixingTiO2(Degussa P25) and starch in a methanol solution. The XRD and SEM results of these aggregates confirm the titanium dioxide (Degussa P25) characteristics, su

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9

Kropacheva, Olga I., and Darya V. Vavilova. "FEATURES OF MOLECULAR AGGREGATION OF BLOCK COPOLYMER ON BASE OF STYRENE AND POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL IN SOLUTIONS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 12 (2019): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196212.5880.

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This article focuses on the study of behavior of macromolecules of block copolymer on the base of styrene and polyethylene glycol in toluene media. Unique property of block copolymers is the ability of chemical heterogeneous blocks to phase separation. This process leads to the formation of micelle similar structures in selective solvents. These aggregates have the core from soluble block and the micelles capsule from insoluble block. Similar structures (reverse micelles) would be used for the purpose of stabilization of metal organosols. In this work aggregative stable reverse micelles in suc

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10

Sugijanto, Sugijanto, Prihatin Prihatin, and Noor Erma Sugijanto. "Analisis Pestisida Karbaril dengan metode KLT- Densitometri dalam matriks kedelai dan validasi metodenya." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 15, no. 2 (2010): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.15.2.201011.

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A simple and rapid densitometric method has been developed for determination of low levels of carbaryl in soy bean matrix samples. Sample carbaryl in the soybean matrix was extracted with acetonitril, chloroform and NaCl 0.2 % solution, and the resulting chloroform layer was separated, added sodium sulphate anhydrous to get free of water than evaporated. After dissolution in methanol, the solutions were spotted on silica gel GF254 plates which were then eluted with toluene: ethyl acetate = 3:1 (v/v). Quantitative evaluation was performed by measuring the absorbance reflectance of the analyte s

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11

Gao, Li Jing, Wei Xu, and Guo Min Xiao. "Esterification of Oleic Acid with Methanol Catalyzed by P-Toluene Sulphonic Acid/MCM-41." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 869–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.869.

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The p-toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA)/MCM-41 was prepared by impregnation method with self-synthesized MCM-41. The investigation of effects on PTSA solution concentration was investigated and the catalyst prepared with 0.1mol/L PTSA performed best. Oleic acid was chosen as a simulation of high-acid-value oil to esterify with methanol. The experimental results showed that PTSA/MCM-41 was a high active catalyst in esterification. The optimal condition was as following: the reaction temperature was 80°C, the methanol/oleic acid molar ratio was 5:1, the catalyst amount was 5% (wt. /wt.) of the oleic

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12

Jeżewska, Anna, and Dorota Kondej. "Dinitrotoluene. Determination in workplace air." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy XXXVII, no. 1 (2021): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8152.

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Dinitrotoluene (DNT) is a yellow, crystalline solid with a characteristic odor. It may consist of 6 isomers, but only two (2,4-DNT and 2,6-DNT) are of industrial importance. DNT can cause cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the determination mixture of DNT isomers in workplace air, which will allow to determine its concentration at the level of 0.033 mg/m3. The method consists in stopping the mixture of dinitrotoluene isomers contained in the air on the glass fiber and the silica gel, extraction with methanol and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. The test

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13

Škorňa, Peter, Ján Rimarčík, and Erik Klein. "Solvation enthalpies of the electron in polar and non-polar solvents: Theoretical study." Acta Chimica Slovaca 7, no. 1 (2014): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acs-2014-0006.

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Abstract Although the electron transfer is a part of many important processes in biosystems that occur in the solution-phase, there is still no systematic theoretical study of the electron solvation enthalpies. The solvation enthalpies of the electron in different solvents of various polarities: benzene, toluene, acetone, methanol, ethanol, DMSO and water, are investigated. All calculations were performed by B3LYP, BHLYP and PBE approaches with aug-cc-pVDZ, aug-cc-pVTZ and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets, using the Integral Equation Formalism Polarized Continuum Model (IEF-PCM). The calculations show t

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14

VENTURA, MERITXELL, IVAN ANAYA, FRANCESC BROTO-PUIG, MONTSERRAT AGUT, and LLUÍS COMELLAS. "Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method for the Analysis of Ochratoxin A in Green Coffee." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 9 (2005): 1920–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.9.1920.

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A low-cost thin-layer chromatographic method has been developed for the presumptive measurement of ochratoxin A (OTA) at 5 μg/kg in green coffee beans. The analytical method consisted of extracting OTA by shaking the beans with a mixture of methanol and aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, which was then purified by liquid-liquid partition into toluene. OTA was separated by normal-phase two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography and detected by visual estimation of fluorescence intensity under a UV lamp at 365 nm. The chromatography solvents were toluene–methanol–formic acid (8:2:0.03) for the

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15

Stephenson, W. Kirk, and Richard Fuchs. "Enthalpies of interaction of hydroxylic solutes with organic solvents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 9 (1985): 2535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-419.

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Heats of solution of m-cresol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, t-amyl alcohol, and model compounds (toluene, ethyl ether, n-butyl methyl ether, t-butyl methyl ether) in 17 organic solvents (n-heptane, cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, α,α,α-trifluorotoluene, triethylamine, butyl ether, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, toluene, mesitylene, t-butyl alcohol, 1-octanol, methanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) have been combined with solute heats of vaporization to give solvation enthalpies (ΔH(v → S)). Dependencies of solute vs. model solvation enthalpy differen

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16

Cheng, Hao Liang, Lei Miao, Li Fen Su, Sakae Tanemura, and Gang Xu. "Synthesis of Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane Grafting Silica Cryogels Using Xylene as Solvent." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.563.

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Grafting methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) onto the surface of silica nanoparticles is the most common approach in surface chemical modification. Traditionally, ethanol or toluene was used as solvent in the grafting process. However, using ethanol as solvent brought about poor grafting result and toluene being regulated was also not an ideal grafting solvent. In order to overcome these disadvantages, we widen the grafting solvents and a novel solvent of xylene was utilized to prepare MPS grafting silica cryogels in this study. The hydrolysis of MPS was in the mixture of methanol and wat

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17

Banik, SK, S. Iftekhar, AFMM Rahman, ML Bari, and MS Islam. "Bioactive potential of Aphanamixis polystachya seed extracts." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 56, no. 2 (2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v56i2.54314.

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Aphanamixis polystachy seed extracts were examined for their in-vitro biological activities. The n-hexane and methanol extract showed significant phenolic content of 12.0 and 11.7 mg GAE/g, respectively. Antioxidant activity was exhibited by the methanol extract (IC50: 22.34 μg/mL) and moderate activity was shown by the n-hexane extract (IC50: 63.05 μg/ml) compared to BHT (tert-butyl-1- hydroxy toluene, IC50: 14.01 μg/ml) though both extracts caused moderate clot lysis of 18.84% and 23.49% compared to the positive control Streptokinase (65.16%). The n-hexane and methanol extract had shown 18.2

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18

Gakal, P., D. Mishkinis, A. Leilands, I. Usakovs, R. Orlov, and Y. Rogoviy. "Analysis of working fluids applicable for high-temperature loop heat pipe applications." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1226, no. 1 (2022): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1226/1/012036.

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Abstract An objective of this study was to perform an analysis of available working fluids and select those one(s) that will be able to comply with the specific requirements of the ultra-high bypass ratio (UHBR) engine air bleed system and ensure efficient LHP operation. A multi-step approach was applied to analyse more than 700 working fluids and select four potential candidates, taking into account (1) working fluids compliance with EU regulations; (2) working fluids freezing, boiling, and critical points for the operating temperature range; (3) working fluids specific properties that influe

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19

Chen, Yian, Petra Pötschke, Jürgen Pionteck, Brigitte Voit, and Haisong Qi. "Aerogels Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Cellulose Composites: Preparation and Vapour Sensing Abilities." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (2020): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091729.

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This paper reports on the preparation of cellulose/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) aerogels for use as chemical vapour sensors. Cellulose/rGO composite aerogels were prepared by dissolving cellulose and dispersing graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous NaOH/urea solution, followed by an in-situ reduction of GO to reduced GO (rGO) and lyophilisation. The vapour sensing properties of cellulose/rGO composite aerogels were investigated by measuring the change in electrical resistance during cyclic exposure to vapours with varying solubility parameters, namely water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene, tetra

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20

Antúnez-Flores, W., A. M. Valenzuela-Muñiz, P. Amézaga-Madrid, et al. "Simplified Route to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Synthesis by Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 12 (2008): 6451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18405.

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Uniform multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were obtained decomposing toluene inside of fused silica tubing previously covered with Co oxide thin film. The two-step process, ruled successively in the same aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) set up, constitutes a simplified route to the synthesis of MWCNTs. First, Co oxide thin film was deposited inside of fused silica tubing at 723 K, using a precursor solution of Co acetate in absolute methanol. After Co oxide deposition, the covered tubing was heated up to 1173 K under Ar flow, then a mist of toluene was injected inside the

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21

Leigh, William J., and Thomas R. Owens. "The one- and two-photon photochemistry of benzylsilacyclobutanes, acyclic benzylsilanes, and 1,1,2-triphenylsilacyclobutane." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, no. 11 (2000): 1459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-249.

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The photochemistry of several α-silylbenzyl compounds has been investigated in hexane and in methanol solution. Direct photolysis of 1-benzyl-1-methylsilacyclobutane (1) in methanolic hexane solution produces 1-propyl-1-methyl-2,3-benzosilacyclobutene (6) in quantitative yield, by a sequential two-photon process involving the photoactive isotoluene derivative 1-methylene-6-(1-methylsilacyclobutyl)-2,4-cyclohexadiene (13a), which has been identified on the basis of its 1H NMR and UV absorption spectra. In contrast, direct irradiation of 1-benzyl-1-phenylsilacyclobutane (2) under similar conditi

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22

Frolkova, A. V., M. A. Ablizin, M. A. Mayevskiy, and A. K. Frolkova. "The multivariate calculation of material balances of flowsheets for separating ternary mixtures of different physical-chemical nature." Fine Chemical Technologies 11, no. 3 (2016): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2016-11-3-47-57.

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An approach to the determination of free variables required for calculating the material balance of the flowsheet of ternary mixtures separation is presented. Phase diagrams of the considered ternary systems are characterized by the presence of a two-phase splitting area and by the presence of different amounts of azeotropes (classes 3.1.0, 3.1.1, 3.2.1 and 3.3.1). For all the systems flowsheets containing three rectification columns and a florentine vessel for separation were suggested. The multivariance of the solution of the balance problem was shown. The approach was illustrated by the exa

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23

Malik, Ritu, Vijay K. Tomer, Surender Duhan, Pawan S. Rana, and S. P. Nehra. "Facile Preparation of TiO2-SnO2 Catalysts using TiO2 as an Auxiliary for Gas Sensing and Advanced Oxidation Processes." MRS Advances 1, no. 46 (2016): 3157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.438.

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ABSTRACTA facile technique was adopted to synthesize beautiful lilac bush resembling TiO2-SnO2 microflowers aggregates for photodegradation of Congo Red (CR). The TiO2-SnO2 microflowers in the 2-3 μm range with high surface area (80 m2/g), under optimized conditions of catalyst dosage (0.3 g/L), dye concentration (100 ppm) and pH value is 10, exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity under visible light, whereby, 98.3% of the CR aqueous solution was degraded in 40 min of illumination time and also shows good recyclable photocatalytic activities. Further, the gas sensing properties of the as-sy

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24

Reichert, W. M., J. T. Ives, and P. A. Suci. "Emission Spectroscopy Utilizing an Air-Cooled Argon Laser and an Optrode-Based UV-Vis Spectrophotometer: A Scaled-Down Laser Spectroscopy Configuration for Solution-Phase Fiber Optic Sensing." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 8 (1987): 1347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874447310.

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The sensitivity of a scaled-down emission spectroscopy configuration was tested with the use of (1) the fluorescence from Rhodamine 6G in ethanol and (2) the Raman emission from acetone, toluene, methanol, and water. The fluorescence results showed a linear intensity response down to a concentration of 3.17 × 10−7 mg/mL, which corresponded to sensitivity of four parts per ten billion by weight. Nonlinear signal levels extended the sensitivity almost two more orders of magnitude lower in concentration. The observation of Raman emission indicated that this system was sensitive enough to detect v

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Guo, Xiao Ya, Bing Bing Ci, Shou Guang Li, Wei Hu, Jing Lu Yu, and Xiang Hui Tang. "Study on Upgrading and Further Usage of Glycerol from Waste Water." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4511.

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Waste water from enzymatic biodiesel technology (contained glycerol 5%) is treated as following: Firstly, waste water is filtered with a gauze, add KOH to PH=7~8, and filter to remove salt soap. Secondly, the processed liquid distil at 50°C in Rotary Evaporator vacuum to remove most of water and methanol, then concentrated solution use plinthic flocculants (mass ratio of 100:1), stirring at 70°C to eliminate colloid. Finally, at 180°C, 0.8 kPa to vacuum distil to collect glycerol of purity up to 90.43％.The glycerol react with acetic acid to get glycerol triacetate with phosphotungstic acid cat

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26

Ogawa, M., M. Hama, and K. Kuroda. "Photochromism of azobenzene in the hydrophobic interlayer spaces of dialkyldimethylammonium-fluor-tetrasilicic mica films." Clay Minerals 34, no. 2 (1999): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985599546127.

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AbstractPhotochemical isomerization of azobenzene intercalated in the hydrophobic, interlayer spaces of swelling fluor-tetrasilicic micas exchanged with dialkyldimethylammonium ions, with the alkyl chain length from 10 to 18, was investigated. Thin films of the organoammonium-mica-azobenzene intercalation compounds were obtained by depositing a suspension of the organoammonium-micas (prepared using a toluene/methanol solution of azobenzene) on quartz substrates. The intercalated azobenzene showed reversible photochromic reactions induced by UV and visible light irradiation. The fraction of the

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27

Singh, Sardul, Abhimanyu Singh Nain, and Amit Kumar. "Solvent Effects on the UV-Visible Absorption and Emission of Tris[4-Diethylamino)Phenyl]amine." Key Engineering Materials 934 (November 28, 2022): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-eft062.

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Tris [4-(diethylamino) phenyl] amine (TDAPA) is an organic molecular semiconductor generally used to enhance the charge transport of the devices for some time now. TDAPA is dissolved in various Polar and Non-polar solvents like DMF, Acetone, Acetonitrile, Ethanol, Methanol, Toluene and Chloroform. Absorption spectrum of solution is recorded using UV-Vis spectroscopy and absorption peak for different solvents were observed in UV and Near-UV region. PL study and Pl Excitation study is also carried out for these solvents. Results for absorption and photoluminescence show some interesting phenomen

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28

Yang, Lijing, Brett Drew, Ravi Shekar Yalagala, et al. "Crystal structure and solvent-dependent behaviours of 3-amino-1,6-diethyl-2,5,7-trimethyl-4,4-diphenyl-3a,4a-diaza-4-bora-s-indacene." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 73, no. 3 (2017): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989017002213.

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In the title compound (3-amino-4,4-diphenyl-BODIPY), C28H32BN3, the central six-membered ring has a flattened sofa conformation, with one of the N atoms deviating by 0.142 (4) Å from the mean plane of the other five atoms, which have an r.m.s. deviation of 0.015 Å. The dihedral angle between the two essentially planar outer five-membered rings is 8.0 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviaweak N—H...π interactions, forming chains along [010]. The compound displays solvent-dependent behaviours in both NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. In the1H NMR spectra, the aliphatic resonance signals

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Ding, Xin, Xiaohong Wang, Peng Du, Zenghu Tian, and Jingxuan Chen. "Prediction of New Distillation-Membrane Separation Integrated Process with Potential in Industrial Application." Processes 9, no. 2 (2021): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020318.

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In this paper, a new integrated distillation-membrane separation process solution strategy based on genetic programming (GP) was established for azeotrope separation. Then, a price evaluation method based on the theory of unit membrane area was proposed, so that those membranes which are still in the experimental stage and have no actual industrial cost for reference can also be used in the experimental research. For different characteristics and separation requirements of various azeotropic systems, the solution strategy can be matched with difference pervaporation membranes, and the optimal

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Wang, Zhi Cai, Juan Gao, Heng Fu Shui, et al. "FTIR Characterization of the Residues of High-Temperature Extraction and Subsequent Oxidization Depolymerization of Lignite." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.645.

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In order to explore high-efficiency utilization approach of lignite, Xianfeng lignite was extracted by toluene/methanol (3:1) mixed solvent under 300°C in an autoclave combined with high-temperature separator. Subsequently, the thermal extraction residue was oxidized by 3% hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution at room temperature. The raw coal and its residues of thermal extraction and oxidization were further extracted respectively by THF and CS2/NMP mixed solvent, and the extracts and the extraction residues were characterized by FTIR. The results indicate that thermal extraction of lignite rel

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Metelitsa, A. V., J. C. Micheau, S. O. Besugliy, et al. "Photochromic properties of six 5-O-n-alkyl,6′-CN substituted spironaphthoxazines." International Journal of Photoenergy 6, no. 4 (2004): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x0400025x.

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The photochromic properties of a series of six 5-O-n-alkyl,6′-CN substituted spironaphthoxazines has been investigated in toluene and methanol solution. The6′-CN and 5-O-n-alkyl substitutions lead to a bathochromic shift of the UV spectra of the closed forms. Theλmaxof the visible spectra of the open forms decrease with solvent polarity. Most of the photochromic parameters have been quantitatively determined. Among them, photocoloration and photobleaching quantum yields and molar absorption coefficients of the open forms have been derived from a numerical fitting of the photokinetic curves rec

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32

Peishan, Xie, Yan Yuzhen, Qian Haoquan, and Lin Qiaoling. "Fluorophotometric Thin-Layer Chromatography of Ginkgo Terpenes by Postchromatographic Thermochemical Derivatization and Quality Survey of Commercial Ginkgo Products." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 4 (2001): 1232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.4.1232.

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Abstract Terpenoid lactones in Ginkgo biloba leaves are the main active constituents and the content of these terpenes is therefore the key factor for evaluating the quality of the leaves, the extract, and its preparations distributed on the market. The precleanup sample solutions were applied onto the silica gel plate modified with sodium acetate solution and developed with a solvent system of toluene–ethyl acetate–acetone–methanol, and a fluorescence chromatogram was generated by means of postchromatographic thermal chemical reaction. Fluorescence scanning was conducted quantitatively. The m

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33

Faly, Liudmyla, Viktor Brygadyrenko, and Algimantas Paulauskas. "Repellent and Attractant Activities of Organic Compounds on Female and Male Philonthus decorus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)." Biology 13, no. 5 (2024): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13050294.

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The use of organic compounds in different spheres of human activity is accompanied by their influx to and accumulation in the environment. The negative impact of those compounds can be one of the reasons for a decline in populations and biodiversity of aboveground invertebrates. Chemical compounds can potentially cause a variety of effects (attractant or repellent) on insects, including species of the Staphylinidae family. In a laboratory experiment, we identified repellent and attractant influence of 40 organic compounds and mixtures of compounds (acids, alcohols, ketones, phenols, aldehydes,

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Mealey, Donal, Jacek Zeglinski, Dikshitkumar Khamar, and Åke C. Rasmuson. "Influence of solvent on crystal nucleation of risperidone." Faraday Discussions 179 (2015): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00223g.

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Over 2100 induction time experiments were carried out for the medium-sized, antipsychotic drug molecule, risperidone in seven different organic solvents. To reach the same induction time the required driving force increases in the order: cumene, toluene, acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol, propanol, and butanol, which reasonably well correlates to the interfacial energies as determined within classical nucleation theory. FTIR spectroscopy has been used to investigate any shifts in the spectra and to estimate the interaction of solute and solvent at the corresponding site. The solution condition

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35

Wang, Ching-Chiung, Hsyeh-Fang Chen, Jin-Yi Wu, and Lih-Geeng Chen. "Stability of Principal Hydrolysable Tannins from Trapa taiwanensis Hulls." Molecules 24, no. 2 (2019): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020365.

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The fruit and hulls of the water caltrop (Trapa taiwanensis Nakai) are used as hepatoprotective herbal tea ingredients in Taiwan. The stability of hydrolysable tannins in herbal drinks has rarely been reported. In the present study, two hydrolysable tannins, tellimagrandin II (TGII) and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucopyranose (PGG), were isolated from water caltrop hulls. The stability of the two compounds was evaluated by treatment with various pH buffer solutions, simulated gastric fluid and intestinal fluid, different temperatures, and photo-irradiation at 352 nm in different solvents. Results

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36

Elhachem, Marie, Elias Bou-Maroun, Maher Abboud, Philippe Cayot, and Richard G. Maroun. "Optimization of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Synthesis for a Rapid Detection of Caffeic Acid in Wine." Foods 12, no. 8 (2023): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081660.

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Molecular imprinting is an efficient strategy to make the detection of compounds more specific and more selective. This targeted analytical strategy using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesis needs to obtain the optimized conditions. A selective molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared for caffeic acid (CA) detection after varying the following synthesis parameters: functional monomer type (N-phenylacrylamide, N-PAA or methacrylic acid, MAA), solvent type (acetonitrile/methanol or acetonitrile/toluene), and the polymerization method (UV or thermal initiation). The optimal polymer wa

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37

Kotova, E., S. Kotov, and A. Kotov. "Standardization of a method for identification of elecampane sesquiterpene lactones." Annals of Mechnikov Institute, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 49–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3726657.

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<strong>Introduction</strong> A wide use of elecampane,<strong><em> </em></strong><em>Inula helenium</em> L. (<em>Asteraceae</em>), in both, folk and formal medicine, is explained by variety of its chemical composition. Rhizomes and roots of elecampane contain an essential oil, the content of which reaches 4%; the composition of the oil includes a mixture of sesquiterpene lactones. The main components of this mixture are alantolactone (0.5-2.0%), isoalantolactone (1.0-2.7%), and their hydrogenated derivatives: dihydroalantolactone, dihydroisoalantolactone, tetrahydroalantolactone, etc. These c

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38

Lyubimtsev, Alexey, Zafar Iqbal, and Michael Hanack. "Synthesis of Covalently-Linked Phthalocyanine–Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin–Phthalocyanine Dimers." Australian Journal of Chemistry 61, no. 4 (2008): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch07449.

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The synthesis of the dimeric homonuclear phthalocyanines (Pc) 4a, 4b, 5a and 5b and the dimeric heteronuclear Pc 4c and 5c is reported. The reactions are carried out by coupling the monomeric Pc 1a and 1b each containing a phenolic OH group in one of its substituents with the bromoalkyl-substituted Pc 2a,b or 3a,b respectively. From the spectral data of 4a–c and 5a–c, it can be concluded that in dichloromethane and toluene as solvents, these binuclear Pc are equilibrating between cofacial and open conformations with the open form predominating. Changing the solvent polarity, e.g. by adding met

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39

Stephenson, W. Kirk, and Richard Fuchs. "Enthalpies of interaction of ketones with organic solvents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 2 (1985): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-057.

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Enthalpies of solution (ΔHS) of a series of ketones (acetone, 2-butanone, 2-heptanone, 2-nonanone, 5-nonanone, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-pentanone, cyclohexanone) and alkane model compounds (n-heptane, n-nonane, 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane, cyclohexane) have been determined in 17 organic solvents (n-heptane, cyclohexane, CCl4, α,α,α,-trifluorotoluene, 1,2-dichloroethane, triethylamine, butyl ether, ethyl acetate, DMF, DMSO, benzene, toluene, mesitylene, 1-octanol, methanol, t-butyl alcohol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol), and combined with heats of vaporization to give enthalpies of transfer from vapor to

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40

Stephenson, W. Kirk, and Richard Fuchs. "Enthalpies of interaction of nitrogen base solutes with organic solvents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 9 (1985): 2540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-420.

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Heats of solution of triethylamine, aniline, pyridine, and model compounds (3-ethylpentane, benzene) in 17 organic solvents (n-heptane, cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, α,α,α-trifluorotoluene, triethylamine, butyl ether, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, toluene, mesitylene, t-butyl alcohol, 1-octanol, methanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) have been combined with solute heats of vaporization to give enthalpies of transfer from vapor to solvent (ΔH(v → s)). Differences between solute and model values (ΔΔH(v → s) = ΔH(v → s) (solute) – ΔH(v → s) (mo

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41

Jahan, Nusrat, Sirajum Monira, Seba Khondokar Orna, and Amir Hossain. "Phytochemical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Piper methysticum." Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 25, no. 1 (2022): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v25i1.57843.

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Piper methysticum G. Forst., commonly known as Kava, is a dioecious perennial herb which is traditionally an important medicinal plant. The plant is used to treat fever, respiratory diseases, seizures, and urogenital problems. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, membrane stabilizing and analgesic potential of methanol extract of Piper methysticum leaf. Phytochemical screenings of the crude extract revealed the occurrence of acidic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, reducing sugars, gums, flavonoids, and combined reducing sugars. During antioxidant activity tes

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42

Eluru, Jagadeesh Reddy, and Kailasam Koumaravelou. "HPTLC Analysis of hydro alcoholic extracts of Clerodendrum viscosum V. leaves and Macrotyloma uniflorum L. seeds." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 1 (2018): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v9i1.1237.

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The objective of this study was to perform the HPTLC analysis of hydro alcoholic extracts of Clerodendron viscosum V. leaves & Macrotyloma uniflorum L. seeds. HPTLC is a powerful analytical tool in the identification of chemical constituents in plant extracts. Leaves of Clerodendron viscosum V. and seeds of Macrotyloma uniflorum L. are having numerous traditional usages ranging from wound healing to the treatment of tumors. Hydro alcoholic extracts of Clerodendron viscosum V. leaves & Macrotyloma uniflorum L. seeds were obtained using cold maceration. The obtained extracts were subject

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43

Hartmann, Edmund, and Joachim Strähle. "Synthese und Struktur von 1,3-Bis(4-trifluormethylphenyl)triazenido-Komplexen des Kupfer(I) und Silber(I) / Synthesis and Structure of 1,3-Bis(4-trifluormethylphenyl)triazenido Complexes of Copper(I) and Silver(I)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 43, no. 7 (1988): 818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1988-0706.

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[(F3CC6H4NNNC6H4CF3)Cu]4 (1) and [(F3CC6H4NNNC6H4CF3)Ag]n (2) are obtained by the addition of a solution of CuCl or AgNO, in CH3CN to a solution of Na(F3CC6H4NNNC6H4CF3) in THF. Recrystallization of 1 in toluene/n-hexane yields air-stable orange crystals (tetragonal space group P4̄21c, lattice constants a - 1527.7(5), c = 1281.3(4) pm, Z = 2). Complex 1 forms tetrameric units of symmetry S4 with the four Cu atoms forming a slightly folded rhombus. The triazenido ligands bridge the Cu atoms alternatingly above and below the rhombic Cu4 ring resulting in short Cu -Cu interactions of 257.9 pm. Co

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44

Verde, Y., A. Keer, M. Miki-Yoshida, F. Paraguay-Delgado, G. Alonso-Nuñez, and M. Avalos. "Aqueous Deposition of Metals on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes to be Used as Electrocatalyst for Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 4, no. 2 (2006): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2714565.

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The polymer exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered the new power source technology for portable applications. Pt and Pt–alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon black have been used traditionally to make electrodes due to their high activity for H2 oxidation and O2 reduction under PEMFC conditions. Recently, ammonium hexachloroplatinate (IV) ((NH4)2PtCl6) has been shown to be a good precursor of metallic Pt by thermal decomposition. In addition, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) present convenient physical and chemical properties to be employed as a support for electrocatalysts.

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45

Slebodnick, Carla, Ross J. Angel, Brian E. Hanson, Pradyot A. Agaskar, Tatiana Soler, and Larry R. Falvello. "Disorder and pseudo-symmetry in octakis(trivinylsilyl)octasilicate." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 64, no. 3 (2008): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768108010227.

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Octakis(trivinylsilyl)octasilicate was prepared by capping octaspherosilicate cubes, [Si8O20]8−, with trivinylsilyl groups in methanol solution. Crystals grown from CCl4 crystallize in the tetragonal space group I41. Systematic absences are consistent with the space group I41/amd, although the R int values clearly indicate 4/m rather than 4/mmm Laue symmetry. Structure solution and refinement show that the pseudo a-glide results from the approximate m\bar 3m symmetry of the core (Si8O12)O_8^{8-} unit. The positions of the molecules conform to a {110} d-glide that is broken by the small rotatio

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46

Skrzetuska, Ewa, Paulina Rzeźniczak, Zuzanna Błaszkowska, Hubert Ciszek, Olga Kowalczyk, and Michał Olecki. "Textronic Sensors of Hazardous Gaseous Substances." Materials 18, no. 2 (2025): 341. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020341.

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Toxic materials are a threat in workplaces and the environment, as well as households. In them, gaseous substances are included, especially ones without any colour or fragrance, due to their non-detectability with the human senses. In this article, an attempt was made to find a solution for its detection in various conditions with the use of intelligent textiles. The approach was to perform modification on fifteen materials by screen printing using carbon nanotubes paste with expanded graphite and embroidery with stainless steel thread and then investigate their reaction with risky gases such

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47

Scott, Peter M., Shriniwas R. Kanhere, and Edward J. Tarter. "Determination of Nivalenol and Deoxynivalenol in Cereals by Electron-Capture Gas Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 5 (1986): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.5.889.

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Abstract Nivalenol (NIV) is an important Fusarium mycotoxin shown to occur naturally in grains from several countries. Extraction and cleanup procedures previously described for trichothecene analysis have been modified to give good recoveries of NIV from cereal products. The extraction solvent is methanol-water (7 + 3). The extract is treated with 10% aqueous ammonium sulfate solution and then a 10 mL aliquot is partitioned into ethyl acetate (160 mL) on a hydrophilic matrix. After evaporation, the sample extract is dissolved in methylene chloridemethanol (3 +1) for column chromatography on s

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48

Tseng, Yen Ta, Wen Hao Chen, and Lai Kwan Chau. "A New Surface Modifying Material "Mercaptosilatrane" for Particle Plasmon Resonance Sensor." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.123.

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The self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of mercaptoalkoxysilane is wildly used as a molecular linker between metal and silica. The mercapto group is known to bond with many metals, including gold, silver, copper, and lead. The mercaptoalkoxysilane system, like 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, usually uses a concentration of 100 mM and takes 12 h in methanol or 6 h in anhydrous organic solvent,[1-3] such as toluene and benzene, to form the SAM. Unfortunately, MPTMS is very sensitive to moisture,[4, 5] generally leading to agglomeration and polymerization on a substrate during deposition, and hence

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49

Patel, Rashmin B., Mrunali R. Patel, Kashyap K. Bhatt, and Bharat G. Patel. "Development and Validation of HPTLC Method for Estimation of Carbamazepine in Formulations and Its In Vitro Release Study." Chromatography Research International 2011 (October 7, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/684369.

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A new, simple, and rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of Carbamazepine. Carbamazepine was chromatographed on silica gel 60 F254 TLC plate using ethyl acetate-toluene-methanol (5.0 + 4.0 + 1.0 v/v/v) as mobile phase. Carbamazepine was quantified by densitometric analysis at 285 nm. The method was found to give compact spots for the drug (Rf=0.47 ± 0.01). The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r2=.9995 in the concentration range 100–600 ng/spot. The method

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50

Domańska, Urszula. "Solubilities and thermophysical properties of ionic liquids." Pure and Applied Chemistry 77, no. 3 (2005): 543–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200577030543.

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This report presents the systematic study on the solubilities of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [e, or bmim][PF6], 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate [almim][CH3SO4], 1-hexyloxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) [C6H13OCH2mim][BF4], or [C6H13OCH2mim][(CF3SO2)2N] in aliphatic hydrocarbons (heptane, octane), cyclohydrocarbons (cyclopentane, cyclohexane) and aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene), and in alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, tert-butyl alcohol, and 3-methylbu

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