Relevant bibliographies by topics / Toluene Viscosity

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Toluene Viscosity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Toluene Viscosity"

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Medvedevskikh, Yuriy, and Oksana Khavunko. "Frictional and Elastic Components of the Viscosity of Polysterene-Toluene Diluted Solutions." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht05.03.291.

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Idrees, Shenwar A., Lawand L. Mustafa, and Sabah S. Saleem. "Improvement Viscosity Index of Lubricating Engine Oil Using Low Molecular Weight Compounds." Science Journal of University of Zakho 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/sjuoz.2019.7.1.572.

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the effect of polarity of solvent on the viscosity and viscosity index of lubricating engine oil has been studied using ethanol as an example of polar solvent and toluene as an example of non-polar solvent at different solvent ratios and ambient temperature and additionally other experiments have been done at five different temperatures including 100 oC. So that, the activation energy of viscous flow (Ea) was calculated, and for this purpose Arrhenius viscosity-temperature dependence has been applied and the results were 42.128, 29.256 and 35.417KJ/mole for lubricating engine oil mixed with ethanol, toluene and no additives in turn. It additionally shows that adding polar solvent to lubrication engine oil viscosity increases this may be due to the fact of strong inter molecular forces that found in polar molecules such as hydrogen bonding in ethanol makes the solution forces stronger as a result higher viscosity. However, adding non-polar solvent decreases viscosity because of small size of toluene and both paraffinic lubricating oil and toluene have same London dispersion inter molecular forces. Last not least, the result shows that engine oil mixed with non-polar molecule gives more temperature stability than that of polar molecule giving viscosity index (VI) 366 and 580 respectively.
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Santos, Fernando J. V., Carlos A. Nieto de Castro, John H. Dymond, Natassa K. Dalaouti, Marc J. Assael, and Akira Nagashima. "Standard Reference Data for the Viscosity of Toluene." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 35, no. 1 (March 2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1928233.

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Vogel, E., and S. Hendl. "Vapor phase viscosity of toluene and p-xylene." Fluid Phase Equilibria 79 (November 1992): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(92)85140-4.

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Dymond, J. H., N. F. Glen, J. D. Isdale, and M. Pyda. "The viscosity of liquid toluene at elevated pressures." International Journal of Thermophysics 16, no. 4 (July 1995): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02093470.

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Vieira dos Santos, F. J., and C. A. Nieto de Castro. "Viscosity of toluene and benzene under high pressur." International Journal of Thermophysics 18, no. 2 (March 1997): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02575167.

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Li, Qiang, Yanling Wang, Fuling Wang, Qingchao Li, Forson Kobina, Hao Bai, and Lin Yuan. "Effect of a Modified Silicone as a Thickener on Rheology of Liquid CO2 and Its Fracturing Capacity." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030540.

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The low viscosity of pure liquid CO2 hindered the development of CO2 fracturing technology. A modified silicone polymer was prepared as a CO2 thickener to investigate the effect of temperature, pressure, shear rate and thickener content (wt.%) on the apparent viscosity and rheology of thickened liquid CO2. In addition, CO2 fracturing capacity was evaluated with the numerical simulation of extended finite element. The results displayed that an apparent viscosity of up to 1.3 mPa·s at 303 K and 18 MPa was attained over liquid CO2 using the thickener of 3 wt.% and Toluene of 9 wt.% as additives. Compared to the commercial linear polydimethylsiloxane, a better apparent viscosity was obtained from the mixture of this prepared thickener, Toluene and CO2. The apparent viscosity decreases with increasing temperature and shear rate. By contrast, an improving apparent viscosity was revealed with an increase in the pressure from 8 to 14 MPa and thickener content from 1 to 3 wt.%. The rheological index decreased with increasing thickener content with pressure but the rise in temperature led to an increasing rheological index. The mesh structure theory of the thickener, CO2 and Toluene molecules was in this paper gives a good explanation for the discrepancy between CO2 viscosity with the thickener content, temperature, pressure, or shear rate. Compared to pure CO2, the numerical simulation of CO2 fracturing demonstrated an excellent fracturing capacity by using the thickened CO2 fracturing fluid in shale reservoirs. This investigation could provide the basic reference for the development of CO2 fracturing technology.
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AL-Zuhairi, Firas K., Rana Abbas Azeez, and Muna Kheder Jassim. "Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Prediction of Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Crude Oil using Different Organic Solvents." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.06.03.

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The increase globally fossil fuel consumption as it represents the main source of energy around the world, and the sources of heavy oil more than light, different techniques were used to reduce the viscosity and increase mobility of heavy crude oil. this study focusing on the experimental tests and modeling with Back Feed Forward Artificial Neural Network (BFF-ANN) of the dilution technique to reduce a heavy oil viscosity that was collected from the south- Iraq oil fields using organic solvents, organic diluents with different weight percentage (5, 10 and 20 wt.% ) of (n-heptane, toluene, and a mixture of different ratio toluene / n-Heptane) at constant temperature. Experimentally the higher viscosity reduction was about from 135.6 to 26.33 cP when the mixture of toluene/heptane (75/25 vol. %) was added. The input parameters for the model were solvent type, wt. % of solvent, RPM and shear rate, the results have been demonstrated that the proposed model has superior performance, where the obtained value of R was greater than 0.99 which confirms a good agreement between the correlation and experimental data, the predicate for reduced viscosity and DVR was with accuracy 98.7%, on the other hand, the μ and DVR% factors were closer to unity for the ANN model.
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WANCHOO, R. K., JYOTI NARAYAN, G. K. RAINA, and G. A. WANI. "VISCOSITY AND SURFACE TENSION OF TOLUENE-ETHYLACETATE LIQUID MIXTURE." Chemical Engineering Communications 69, no. 1 (July 1988): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986448808940614.

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Harris, Kenneth R. "Temperature and Density Dependence of the Viscosity of Toluene." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 45, no. 5 (September 2000): 893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je000024l.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Toluene Viscosity"

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Rowane, Aaron J. "High-Temperature, High-Pressure Viscosities and Densities of Toluene." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4188.

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High-temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) conditions are exemplified in ultra-deep petroleum reservoirs and can be exhibited within diesel engines. Accurate pure component hydrocarbon data is essential in understanding the overall behavior of petroleum and diesel fuel at these conditions. The present study focuses on the HTHP properties of toluene since this hydrocarbon is frequently used to increase the octane rating of gasoline and toluene occurs naturally in crude oil. In this thesis experimental densities and viscosity are presented to 535 K and 300 MPa extending the database of toluene viscosity data to higher temperature than previous studies. The data is correlated to a Tait-like equation and a Padѐ approximate in conjunction with a single mapping of the isotherms. Free-volume theory and a superposition of the viscosity in relation to the Leonnard-Jones repulsive force are both used to model the toluene viscosity data. It was found that the data are in good agreement with the available literature data.
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Lotfi, Nouredine. "Surfusion, cristallisation et vitrification des systèmes carbonate de propylène-toluène." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10156.

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Nous avons etudie la surfusion, la cristallisation et la vitrification des systemes carbonate de propylene-toluene depuis l'ambiante jusqu'a 160c. On a tout d'abord mesure la masse volumique en utilisant les techniques de pycnometrie, de dilatometrie et l'enregistrement de la poussee hydrostatique a l'aide d'un capteur electromagnetique de forces. La viscosite de cisaillement a ete mesuree par ecoulement capillaire et par penetrometrie entre 1mpl et 1tp1. Ses variations thermiques peuvent etre ajustees suivant le modele de percolation de cohen et grest. Nos resultats mettent en evidence le role de la distance intermoleculaire moyenne et l'interet du concept d'etats isovisqueux. La comparaison avec les spectres dielectriques montre que le rapport entre la viscosite et le temps de relaxation est pratiquement independant de la temperature et de la concentration des melanges. Les conditions de surfusion, de cristallisation et de vitrification ont ete analysees en fonction des divers traitements thermiques effectues. Elles sont en tres bon accord avec le diagramme des phases hors d'equilibre obtenu par d. S. C.
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Jorat, Luc. "Propriétés électriques et diélectriques des liquides organiques refroidis jusqu'à leur température de transition vitreuse." Saint-Etienne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STET4015.

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Réalisation d'un spectromètre de relaxation diélectrique, en grande partie automatisé fonctionnant de 10 Mhz à 1 Mhz, entre 350 et 77 k. Réalisation de programmes pour ajuster les profils de dispersion et d'absorption, les variations thermiques des temps de relaxation et de la permittivité statique. Etude de solutions d'une molécule moléculaire (carbonate de propène) dilué dans un solvant très faiblement polaire (toluène) : estimation du moment dipolaire du soluté de la température ambiante jusqu'à la transition vitreuse et caractérisation du solvant. Etude des variations thermiques de la viscosité de cisaillement, du temps de relaxation diélectrique et de la conduction ionique de liquides dipolaires à faible association moléculaire (carbonate de propène, phtalastes de diéthyle et de dibutyle) : bon accord avec la relation de Doolittle et le modèle de Cohen et Grest : les énergies d'activation de ces processus (origine commune dans la nature coopérative des mouvements moléculaires) sont quasi identiques jusqu'à t::(g)
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Lin, Mei-Jyun, and 林美君. "Density and viscosity measurements of binary mixtures of diethyl oxalate with ethanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide and ethyl acetate." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/be79c8.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
化學工程研究所
102
In this study, density and viscosity data of five binary mixtures consisted of diethyl oxalate and organic solvent are reported. Five solvents including ethanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide and ethyl acetate are considered in our measurement. Density and viscosity data of these five binary mixtures are measured at 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K and mole fraction of diethyl oxalate at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9. In addition, excess molar volume and deviation of viscosity are also calculated from our experimental data. According to the results of excess molar volume, two binary mixtures of diethyl oxalate + ethanol and diethyl oxalate + tetrahydrofuran are positive deviations while the others three binary mixtures are negative deviations. On the other hand, for deviation of viscosity, only binary mixture of diethyl oxalate + N,N-dimethylformamide is positive deviation and the other four binary mixtures are negative deviations. Furthermore, the calculated excess molar volumes and deviations of viscosity are also correlated using a four parameter Redlich-Kister equation. In this study, satisfactory correlated results are obtained and finally presented.
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Book chapters on the topic "Toluene Viscosity"

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Viscosity of toluene." In Supplement to IV/18, 447–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75486-2_250.

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Wohlfarth, Christian. "Viscosity of toluene." In Viscosity of Pure Organic Liquids and Binary Liquid Mixtures, 275–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49218-5_250.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Viscosity of the mixture (1) propylamine; (2) toluene." In Supplement to IV/18, 1857. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75486-2_1081.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Viscosity of the mixture (1) tetrahydrofuran; (2) toluene." In Supplement to IV/18, 2002. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75486-2_1175.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Viscosity of the mixture (1) cyclopentane; (2) toluene." In Supplement to IV/18, 2349–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75486-2_1407.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Viscosity of the mixture (1) tetrahydropyran; (2) toluene." In Supplement to IV/18, 2365. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75486-2_1420.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Viscosity of the mixture (1) pentane; (2) toluene." In Supplement to IV/18, 2419. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75486-2_1447.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Viscosity of the mixture (1) bromobenzene; (2) toluene." In Supplement to IV/18, 2527. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75486-2_1519.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Viscosity of the mixture (1) benzene; (2) toluene." In Supplement to IV/18, 2568. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75486-2_1548.

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Wohlfarth, Ch. "Viscosity of the mixture (1) cyclohexane; (2) toluene." In Supplement to IV/18, 2632–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75486-2_1589.

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Conference papers on the topic "Toluene Viscosity"

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Stalder, Jean-Pierre, and Phil Roberts. "Firing Low Viscosity Liquid Fuels in Heavy Duty Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38691.

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Sustained economic growth has created a strong demand for electrical energy worldwide. Security of fuel supply and cost are therefore very often critical issues for thermal capacity additions. Also the distance from fuel sources and available fuel transport infrastructure is an important factor in the cost of generation. Many plant locations have only limited supplies of conventional gas turbine fuels, namely natural gas and distillate fuels, thus a drive to diversify the fuels involved. For other electricity producers, the optimal use of existing or potential fuel resources is a must for economical reasons. Therefore, the possibility of using alternative gas turbine liquid fuels, such as volatile and/or low viscosity fuels like naphtha, gas condensates, kerosene, methanol, ethanol, or low lubricity distillate fuels; refinery by-products such as BTX fuels (benzene-toluene-xylene mixtures), LCO-light cycle oil, or in the future synthetic fuels (GTL) are particularly interesting for their ability to be fired in heavy duty gas turbines. However, the practical use of these fuels creates specific issues such as low lubricity properties which can affect sensitive key components like fuel pumps and flow dividers. This paper addresses the many practical aspects of using fuel lubricity additives for reduced component wear in gas turbine fuel systems, and for reliability and successful plant operation on these alternative gas turbine liquid fuels. Also an overview of acquired experience is given.
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Mathews, Tanya Ann, Alex J.Cortes, Richard Bryant, and Berna Hascakir. "Miscible Flooding for Bitumen Recovery with a Novel Solvent." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206325-ms.

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Abstract Steam injection is an effective heavy oil recovery method, however, poses several environmental concerns. Solvent injection methods are introduced in an attempt to combat these environmental concerns. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a new solvent (VisRed) in the recovery of a Canadian bitumen and compares its results with toluene. While VisRed is selected due to its high effectiveness as a viscosity reducer even at very low concentrations, toluene is selected due to its high solvent power. Five core flooding experiments were conducted; E1 (Steam flooding), E2 (VisRed flooding), E3 (Toluene flooding), E4 (Steam + Toluene flooding), and E5 (Steam + VisRed flooding). Core samples were prepared by saturating 60% of the pore space with oil samples and 40% with deionized water. The solvents were injected at a 2 ml/min rate, while steam was injected at a 18 ml/min cold water equivalent rate. Produced oil and water samples were collected every 20 min during every experiment. The oil recovery efficiencies of the core flood experiments were analyzed by the emulsion characterization in the produced fluids and the residual oil analysis on the spent rock samples. The best oil recovery of ~30 vol % was obtained for E2 (VisRed) in which VisRed was injected alone. Although similar cumulative recoveries were obtained both for E2 (VisRed) and E3 (Toluene), the amount of VisRed injected [~1 pore volumes (PV)] was half the volume required by toluene (~2 PV). The produced oil quality variations are mainly due to the formation of the water-in-oil emulsions during mainly steam processes (E1, E4, and E5). The increased amount of the polar fractions in the produced oil enhances the formation of the emulsions. These polar fractions are namely asphaltenes and resins. As the amount of the polar fractions in the produce oil increases, more water-in-oil emulsion formation is observed due to the polar-polar interaction between crude oil fractions and water. Consequently, E1 and E5 resulted in more water in oil emulsions. The cost analysis also shows the effectiveness of solvent recovery over steam-solvent recovery processes.
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Purohit, Suresh, Shyam Sunder Suthar, Mahendra Vyas, and Ram Chandra Beniwal. "Studies on transport behaviour of a binary liquid mixture of ethanol and toluene at 298.15K in terms of viscosity models." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5032821.

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Zhang, Yaohua, Yoshio Utaka, Yuki Kashiwabara, and Takumi Kamiaka. "Characteristics of Microlayer Thickness Formed During Boiling in Microgaps." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82244.

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Experiments were performed to measure the thickness of the liquid film formed by growing flattened bubbles in microgaps with laser extinction method for gap sizes of 0.5, 0.3 and 0.15mm. Water, ethanol and toluene were used as working fluids. High-speed camera was also taken to measure the bubble growth process simultaneously. It was confirmed that the gap size and bubble forefront velocity determined the initial microlayer thickness. The variation trend of the microlayer thickness relative to the velocity of interface was divided into two regions: region I where the velocity is small and the thickness increases linearly with increasing velocity; region II where the thickness almost constant or decreased slightly. Furthermore, the non-dimensional correlation for investigating the effects of test materials and gap sizes on micro-layer thickness was presented. With result analysis, the boundaries of the two regions were at Weber number of 80 approximately. And at the region where Weber number was smaller than 80 the thickness of mirolayer was thinner for the liquid whose surface tension coefficient is relatively large. But for the region where Weber number was bigger than 80, the smaller kinematic viscosity of liquid is, the thinner thickness of microlayer became.
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Jing, Jiaqiang, Cheng Wu, Xiaoshuang Chen, Junwen Chen, Ping Lu, and Anlin Hu. "Experimental Study of Compositional Factor on Asphaltene Deposition for Heavy Crude Oil Dilution in Offshore Production and Transportation." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54021.

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Heavy oil dilution has been widely used in the oil production and transportation due to its high efficiency in viscosity and drag reduction, and great convenience in operation. The composition of the heavy oil will change while being mixed with some diluents, thus the stability of the asphaltene in the heavy oil might be destroyed, which leads to a tremendous threat to the safe and economic operation of the production and transportation system. The asphaltene contents of eight onshore and offshore oil samples were measured using n-heptane and toluene, then the asphaltene deposition onset points of the oils diluted with n-alkanes (n-C7) were evaluated using viscosity methods. The reliability of the asphaltene deposition predicted by the refractive index of the diluted oils was verified, and meanwhile the impacts of n-C5, n-C7 and n-C8 on the asphaltene precipitation behavior were measured and analyzed. And then the status of the asphaltene deposition, suspending particle distribution and adhesion of the heavy oil diluted with diesel in the stainless wire mesh located in the visible loop pipe layout was investigated. The studied results demonstrate that the asphaltene deposition onset point has no direct relation to its content, and those of the eight diluted oils ranged from 15% to 30% at 70 °C. The onset point prediction method was verified to be reliable because it is based on that the critical solubility parameter and the square root of the diluent molar volume in the Asphaltene-Instability-Trend (ASIST) curve present a good linear relation. The relationship between the refractive index of the diluted oil and its asphaltene deposition onset point depends on the light oil type, and the smaller its carbon number, the more serious the asphaltene deposition in its diluted oil. The reasonable amount of a light oil blended with a heavy oil should well consider the light oil source, its economy and the asphaltene deposition risk at the same time.
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