Academic literature on the topic 'Tolypocladium cylindrosporum'

El presente trabajo ha sido realizado con el objeto de evaluar el efecto potencial patogénico de conidios y blastosporas de Aphanocladium album y Tolypocladium cylindrosporum contra larvas de Culex pipiens L.Un alto porcentaje de mortalidad larval se observó frente a las 2 especies fúngicas, siendo para A.album, 85,6% y para T.cylindrosporum 80%, con dosis de 1 x 106 conidios/ml.En A. album la actividad de blastosporos y conidios fué similar, mientras que para T. cylindrosporum fueron más virulentos los conidios que las blastosporas.De los resultados obtenidos se deduce que ambas especies fúngicas tienen una elevada virulencia contra larvas de C. pipiens y sus potencialidades patogénicas justifican nuevos estudios sobre este tema.

The fungus strain SCSIO 40433 was isolated from an Arctic-derived glacier sediment sample and characterized as Tolypocladium cylindrosporum. A new compound, cylindromicin (1), and seven known secondary metabolites (2–8) were isolated from this strain. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. Cylindromicin (1) featured a 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran skeleton. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was assigned via interpretation of key Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (NOESY) correlations and Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) calculation. Cylindromicin (1) exhibited significant tyrosinase inhibition activity. This study highlights Polar fungi as a potential resource for new bioactive natural products.

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Microorganisms are agents of biological control, among them, the entomopathogenic fungi stand out. Tolypocladium cylindrosporum IP419 and IP425, Lecanicillium psalliotae IP456, IP491 and IP492 were isolated from sentinel larvae. Conidiobolus macrosporus IP396 and L. psalliotae IP455 isolated from adult culicíneos. At 5 and 15 days, depending on the fungus, conidia were scraped from sporulated culture plates and adjusted in suspensions. In 30 eggs/ replicate, 50 μL of suspension of the isolates IP419, IP425, IP455, IP456, IP491 and IP492 were applied in five concentrations (3.3 × 103 to 3.3 × 105 conidia/cm2). For IP 396, 2.5 × 104 conidia/cm2 was applied. In experiments with larvae (10 L3/repeat), five concentrations were applied (3.3 × 105 to 3.3 × 107 conidia/ml) for IP419, IP425, IP455, IP456, IP491 and IP492, and (103 to 105 conidia/ ml) for IP396. The controls were treated with distilled water. Adults were exposed to five concentrations (3.3 × 104 to 3.3 × 106 conidia/cm2) of conidia of IP419 and IP425. For IP396 and IP455, IP456, IP491 and IP492, adults were exposed to the sporulated culture. Adult controls were not exposed to fungi. Ten adults were exposed in 4 replicates. There was no significant activity of the isolates tested against eggs. Mortality of larvae treated with T. cylindrosporum was ≤ 90% at the lowest concentration (3.3 × 105 conidia/ml) and 100% at the highest concentration (3.3 × 107 conidia/ml). The LC50 and LC90 were 3.5 × 104 conidia/ml and 6.8 × 106 conidia/ml for IP419 and 5.9 × 105 and 1.3 × 107 conidia/ml for IP425. The TL50 and TL90 for IP419 at the highest concentration (3 × 107 conidia/ml) was ≤ 7 hours. The concentrations applied had a significant effect (P <0.001). In larvae treated with IP396, mortality of L3 increased with conidia concentration, in the highest concentration (105 conidia /ml), was ≤ 57% in 48 h. There was no growth of the fungus on L3 exposed in agar medium for IP396, for T. cylindrosporum the fungal development was ≤ 70%. Mortality of larvae in controls was ≤ 15%. L. psalliotae had no larvicidal activity. Mortality of adults treated with T. cylindrosporum was ≤ 75%. There was fungal development on corpses ≤ 65%, the concentrations applied had a significant effect (P <0.001). The cumulative mortality of IP396 treated adults reached 100% after 5 days, and ≥ 80% over 10 days for L. psalliotae. The results show that T. cylindrosporum and C. macrosporus have potential for integrated control of larvae and adults of A. aegypti.
Microrganismos são agentes de controle biológico, dentre eles, destacam-se os fungos entomopatogênicos. Tolypocladium cylindrosporum IP419 e IP425, Lecanicillium psalliotae IP456, IP491 e IP492 foram isolados de larvas sentinela. Conidiobolus macrosporus IP396 e L. psalliotae IP455 isolados de culicíneos adultos. Em 5 e 15 dias, dependendo do fungo, conídios foram raspados de placas com cultura esporulada e ajustados em suspensões. Em ovos (30 ovos/repetição), foram aplicados 50 μL de suspensão dos isolados IP419, IP425, IP455, IP456, IP491 e IP492 em cinco concentrações (3,3 × 103 a 3,3 × 105 conídios/cm2). Para IP396, aplicou-se 2,5 × 104 conídios/cm2. Em testes com larvas (10 L3/repetição), cinco concentrações foram aplicadas (3,3 × 105 a 3,3 × 107 conídios/ml) para IP419, IP425, IP455, IP456, IP491 e IP492, e (103 a 105 conídios/ml) para IP396. Os controles foram tratados com água destilada. Adultos foram expostos a cinco concentrações (3,3 × 104 a 3,3 × 106 conídios/cm2) de conídios de IP419 e IP425. Para IP396 e IP455, IP456, IP491 e IP492, adultos foram expostos à cultura esporulada. Adultos controle não foram expostos aos fungos. Foram expostos 10 adultos, em 4 repetições. Não houve atividade significante dos isolados testados contra ovos. A mortalidade de larvas tratadas com T. cylindrosporum, foi ≤ 90% na menor concentração (3,3 × 105 conídios/ml) e 100% na maior concentração (3,3 × 107 conídios/ml). A CL50 e CL90 foi de 3.5 × 104 conídios/ml e 6.8 × 106 conídios/ml para IP419 e de 5.9 × 105 e 1.3 × 107 conídios/ml para IP425. O TL50 e TL90 para IP419, na maior concentração (3 × 107 conídios/ml) foi ≤ 7 horas. As concentrações aplicadas tiveram efeito significativo (P < 0,001). Em larvas tratadas com IP396, a mortalidade de L3 aumentou com a concentração de conídios, na maior concentração (105 conídios/ml), foi ≤ 57% em 48 h. Não houve crescimento do fungo sobre L3 expostas em meio ágar para IP396, para T. cylindrosporum o desenvolvimento fúngico foi ≤ 70%. A mortalidade de larvas nos controles foi ≤ 15%. L. psalliotae não teve atividade larvicida. A mortalidade de adultos tratados com T. cylindrosporum foi ≤ 75%. Houve desenvolvimento fúngico sobre cadáveres ≤ 65%, as concentrações aplicadas tiveram efeito significativo (P < 0,001). A mortalidade acumulada de adultos tratados com IP396 chegou a 100% após 5 dias, e ≥ 80% em dez dias para L. psalliotae. Os resultados mostram que T. cylindrosporum e C. macrosporus têm potencial para controle integrado de larvas e adultos de A. aegypti.

A l'aide d'essais de contamination menes dans les conditions controlees du laboraoire, le potentiel larvicide des hyphomycetes metarhizium anisopliae et tolypocladium cylindrosporum est eprouve sur le moustique aedes albopictus, un important vecteur de la dengue. Le role de l'age larvaire et de la mue comme facteurs de resistance aux infections est discute. Le spectre d'hote de la souche ma 139 est etudie sur les larves culiciphages du moustique toxorhyncites amboinensis. Des larves proies prealablement infectees par cette souche representent un inoculum potentiel pour ce predateur. Le mode d'action de ces germes est approfondi par des etudes histologiques et ultrastructurales qui ont notamment permis de suivre le comportement de leurs spores dans le mesenteron des larves et la penetration cuticulaire de t. Cylindrosporum. Le determinisme des processus toxemiques impliques dans la pathogenie de m. Anisopliae est precise par l'evaluation du nombre de spores ingerees par les larves