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Academic literature on the topic 'Tomates – Moyens de défense'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tomates – Moyens de défense"
Grondin, Rachel. "TROIS MOYENS DE DÉFENSE GÉNÉRALE : LA CONTRAINTE PHYSIQUE, LA CONTRAINTE PAR MENACES ET LA NÉCESSITÉ." Note 14, no. 2 (May 2, 2019): 493–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059346ar.
Full textCartron, Dominique. "III - Les moyens de défense des consommateurs." Revue juridique de l'Ouest 5, no. 4 (1992): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/juro.1992.4048.
Full textTazi, A., and F. Bricaire. "Moyens de défense anti-infectieux, relation hôte-parasite." EMC - Traité de médecine AKOS 2, no. 2 (January 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1634-6939(07)45370-4.
Full textPlouffe, Jean-François. "Défense de droits en santé mentale." Échos de pratique 29, no. 1-2 (February 19, 2018): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1043398ar.
Full textDonat, L. "Moyens de défense de l'apprareil respiratoire particularités propres à l'enfant sain et malade." Archives de Pédiatrie 5 (January 1998): 5s—8s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-693x(97)83480-x.
Full textPelletier, Suzie. "La responsabilité professionnelle des bibliothécaires et spécialistes de l’information." Documentation et bibliothèques 42, no. 1 (September 30, 2015): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1033322ar.
Full textCumyn, Michelle, and Lina Lalancette. "Le cadre juridique du paiement par carte de crédit et les moyens de défense du titulaire." Revue générale de droit 35, no. 1 (November 17, 2014): 5–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027328ar.
Full textVanautgaerden, Alexandre. "Les Ambassadeurs des Paraphrases." Moreana 39 (Number 150), no. 2 (June 2002): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2002.39.2.8.
Full textChabanol, Daniel. "État et justice." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu 56, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31141/zrpfs.2019.56.131.13.
Full textMeunier1, Frédéric, and Magali Ravit. "L’évaluation du fait criminel : entre soins et sanctions." Criminologie 48, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1029348ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Tomates – Moyens de défense"
Odobasic, Preradov Andreja. "Effets du benzothiadiazole sur l'induction des mécanismes de défense chez la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum): une étude protéomique comparative." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25525/25525.pdf.
Full textCoqueret, Victoire. "How do plants defend themselves? : Study of the Tomato - Tuta absoluta pathosystem in interaction with nitrogen fertilization." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0234.
Full textThe identification of ecophysiological responses of plants is a prerequisite for improving the natural defences of plants and reducing the use of chemical inputs in crops. Plant responses to herbivorous attack involve defence and tolerance mechanisms. Plant responses to a leafminer larva are pourly documented, in contrast to chewing and piercing insects. The objective of my Ph.D. was to characterize the tomato trait responses to Tuta absoluta herbivory in order to determine the local and systemic responses in terms of soluble and volatile compounds. We looked at the responses of tomatoes subjected to two contrasting levels of nitrogen availability, knowing that nitrogen is a lever to promote the basal plant defence level. We worked on tomato, a Solanaceae, grown in hydroponics and subjected to Tuta absoluta. Our research strategy has focused on identifying and quantifying soluble and volatile defence compounds and determining the nutritional value of foliar tissues. We have shown that tomatoes establish an induced- resistance against the herbivore, which results in a concentration increase of chlorogenic acid, caffeoyl putrescine and tomatine locally at the level of the parasite zone and / or systemically in the others non-infested foliar compartments. The defence role of these molecules on Tuta absoluta has yet to be confirmed. We have also shown that tomatoes set up an indirect defence against Tuta absoluta, based on the emission of volatile compounds in the vicinity of plants. We have identified several new herbivore-induced VOCs (m-cymene, menthatriene, ß-cis-ocimene, ß-phellandrene, terpinolene, ß−caryophyllene, humulene). Some of the identified VOCs are known to be emitted in greater quantities during a herbivorous attack and to play a role in attracting predatory insects or repelling egg-laying females. Thus, their elicitation seems generic to herbivory and not specific to Tuta absoluta. The specificity of tomato - Tuta absoluta interactions could be enhanced by further analysis in metabolomics, transcriptomics (expression of RNAseq genes) and by investigating the induced signaling pathways. Contrary to what was expected, our results show little effect of the nitrogen limitation on the observed responses. Nevertheless, as demonstrated previously, nitrogen restriction affects larval development. My work has reinforced the “trophic“ hypothesis of slowing larval development by a limited nitrogen availability. Thus, the stoichiometry of the food bowl is highly modified and the larvae have to consume more material to acquire the nitrogen necessary for their development. Nevertheless, we can not exclude the hypothesis “compounds of defence“. Indeed, we have shown that the concentrations of phenolic compounds and tomatine and of the VOC emission supposed to be involved in the constitutive defence are increased in the case of nitrogen limitation. The diversity and complementarity of the experiments will allow the acquired data to feed a functional model of the attacked plant. This model might include plant nitrogen regimes as a reactive plant defence factor
Maouche, Samia. "Les moyens de défense contre les OPA hostiles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB231.
Full textNo abstract
Fournier, Ceresa Sophie. "Les moyens de défense contre les offres publiques d'achats-offres publiques d'échanges." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010288.
Full textThe recent deregulation wave pointed out the french companies weakness when confronted to hostile takeover bids. Though defensive tactics adoption among which some are inspired by american strategies must be achieved in the respect of legitimity and legality. Such a requirement should be satisfied for the defensive ploys based on protection of the capital - shareholders control and shares acquisitions - as well as for those based on protection of the "control" - make the takeover less valuable and "free" the control from the capital. This requirement is not always satisfied. Some loopholes in french regulation allow excesses in defenses and in agressions. Therefore contested takeovers rules are not completed
Royer, Mathilde. "Étude des relations entre croissance, concentrations en métabolites primaires et secondaires et disponibilité en ressources chez la tomate avec ou sans bioagresseurs." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0058/document.
Full textNowadays, limiting the use of pesticides is mandatory. A promising way for research deals with the environmental determinism of plant defence mechanisms, among others, production of secondary metabolites. The aim of my PhD work was to study the trade-off between growth and defence (primary vs. secondary metabolism) in healthy plant tissues or attacked by different pests, under different conditions of resources availabilities. We measured different growth parameters, C:N ratios of tissue, concentrations of main primary metabolites (simple carbohydrates, starch) and defence metabolites (chlorogenic acid, rutin, kaempferol-rutinoside and tomatine) on healthy or attacked tomato plant grown in hydroponic culture in greenhouse or phytotron. We observed that variations of total and resources C:N ratios were positively correlated to that of several defence compounds whatever their composition in carbon and nitrogen. Moreover, we showed that, during pests attack, concentrations of primary and secondary metabolites did not follow the same evolution, depending on their nature. Caffeoyl putrescine synthesis was strongly induced by P. syringae inoculation whereas chlorogenic acid concentration decreased. Inoculation of P. syringae induced a strong decrease of concentration of glucose and fructose whereas inoculation of P. corrugata enhanced their synthesis. We observed that a low N availability alters the development of P. syringae, P. corrugata and Tuta absoluta but promotes the development of B. cinerea. Our results showed that C:N ratio is a reliable indicator of the trade-off between growth and defence in the case of healthy plant. In attacked plant, the resources allocation between different metabolites varies with pests. And each pests reacts specifically to changes of N availability for the plant. Control of culture conditions appears to be a relevant agronomic tool to monitor the control of pests even if it is difficult to apply general rules to the interaction plant/environment/pests
Forges, Marine. "Les rayonnements UV-C : un moyen de lutte pour stimuler les défenses du fraisier et de la tomate en cours de culture et améliorer la qualité / conservation des fruits après récolte." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0700/document.
Full textSome fungi are very damaging during plant cultivation and also in post-harvest storage of products. Regulatory restrictions on fungicide use require alternative solutions. Improving plant resistance using physical methods, such as aplication of UV radiation, can be a promising alternative in association with other methods as part of an integrated pest management strategy. The objective of the present thesis was to study the effect of UV-C aplication on the sensitivity of plants to fungal pathogens. UV-C radiation was applied during plant cultivation, alone or in combination with biocontrol agents, or in post-harvest. Experiments were conducted on two plant species: strawberry and tomato.On strawberry plants, UV-C treatments at 1.70 kJ/m² result in a systematic 20 % decrease in leaves sensitivity to Botrytis cinerea and in a reduction by up to 50 % of the number of leaves infected by Podosphaera aphanis, the causal agent of powdery mildew. In tomato, leaves protection against B. cinerea reaches 43 % with a cumulative dose of 4.0 kJ/m². UV-C treatments applied on fruits reduce the strawberry sensitivity to Rhizopus by 75 % but no effect is observed against B. cinerea. On the contrary, sensitivity against B. cinerea is reduced by 63 % on tomato fruit. Biochemical and taste tests suggest that fruit quality is not significantly improved or altered by UV-C treatment. Despite a marked germicidal effect of UV-C radiation on strawberry leaves, it has no significant effect on the protective efficacy of biocontrol agents.Our observations are encouraging to consider the use of this tool in an integrated crop protection scheme. However, a clear understanding of how UV-C radiations are perceived by plants and their translation into defense mechanisms is necessary before their use is recommended in the field
Etienne, Philippe. "Régulation de l'expression du gène tcI7, codant une sous-unité β1 de protéasome, au cours de la mise en place des réactions de défense des plantes." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS027.
Full textJaouannet, Maëlle. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'effecteurs du nématode phytoparasite Meloidogyne incognita participant au succès de l'infection et à la suppression des défenses de l'hôte." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4096.
Full textRoot-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne sp. , are obligate biotrophic parasites that maintain a compatible interaction with their host during the 5-8 weeks and induce the differentiation of parenchyma root cells into hypertrophied and polynucleated feeding cells that provide the nematode with the nutrients necessary for development and reproduction. The interaction plant-Meloidogyne incognita, whose genome was recently sequenced, provides a fascinating model for studying fundamental aspects of parasitism success. The nematode effectors produced in the esophageal glands and secreted via the stylet in the plant tissues play a major role in this interaction. I identified in M. Incognita three new effectors specifically expressed during the early steps of the interaction. Among them, two are encoded by pioneer genes with no homolog in databanks and one is a putative metallopeptidase. The two pioneer effectors EFF14 and EFF25 localized respectively in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of tobacco cells after heterologous expression. The calreticulin Mi-CRT, an effector previously identified in the group, is secreted in the apoplasm of giant cells. In this work, the functional analysis of EFF14 and Mi-CRT showed that the two effectors are able to suppress plant basal defenses. The current hypothesis is that Mi-CRT is modulating calcium signaling in the apoplasm whereas EFF14 is active in the nucleus for plant defense suppression. This work provides the first demonstration that a nematode effector is targeted to the nucleus of infected cells and the first functional characterization of plant defense suppression by nematode effectors. This work shows that a panel of effectors active in different compartments of plant cells contributes to the success of infection
Octave, Stéphane. "Eutypiose de la vigne : caractérisation et effets physiologiques de composés protéiques toxiques excrétés par le champignon pathogène Eutypa lata : application à l'élaboration d'un test de diagnostic de la maladie." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2314.
Full textEutypa dieback is caused by Eutypa lata which colonises xylem by pruning wounds. The fungus triggers water fluxes modifications but toxins are also excreted and carried through the plant. Among these toxins, high molecular weight compounds of polypeptidic nature have been isolated. This work is focused on these proteins according to directions: development of an immunoassay diagnosis of Eutypa dieback and analysis of the involvement of these proteins in disease development. Specific antibodies were raised against theses proteins and used to reveal infection by the Dot-Blot method and detect in-situ Eutypa lata by immunolocalization. Physiological studies evidence a toxic effect of fungal proteins on plant cell leading to cell death by acting on various organelles and damaging plant cell wall. They act by modifications in ions fluxes, triggering a membrane depolarisation resulting in an impairment of energetic fueling in the cell, leading to an inhibition of nutriment absorption
Jahyny, Benoît. "Histoire naturelle du genre de fourmis néotropical Thaumatomyrmex Mayr 1887 (Artropoda, Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae, Thaumatomyrmecini)." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132002.
Full textAll ant species are eusocial and thus exhibit a reproductive division of labour between fertile and more or less sterile individuals. Some species, such as several of the genus Thaumatomyrmex, have reverted from being highly eusocial to a primitively eusocial state where no morphological differences exist between reproductive and non-reproductive females. In Thaumatomyrmex species where reproduction exclusively stems from gamergates (mated and laying worker-like females), all females are reproductively and behaviourally totipotent. Several gamergates can coexist in the same nest. The regulation of reproduction and division of labour was hard to determine. Thaumatomyrmex species occupy almost all neotropical biomes, living as much in humid as dry habitats, and from sea-level to 2000m. Their very unusual specialised diet consists of Penicillata, whose hooked trichomes are reused as a deterring passive defence: this behaviour is unique. This defence allows them to take better advantage of hollow structures present in the habitat and underused by other ant species, such as snail shells. It mostly greatly reduces pressures associated with predation, parasites and competition. This defence behaviour, combined with a per female fertility promoting small nests, seems to select for a reduction in the size of societies, or even to a suppression of social behaviour. This theoretical prediction is thus for the first time evidenced in Thaumatomyrmex, where the smallest nest size ever recorder in Formicidae (less than four females on average) can be found. All these characteristics bring them to the fringes of subsociality, or even to a unique reversion to become solitary
Books on the topic "Tomates – Moyens de défense"
Koning, François. Le redressement fiscal à l'impôt sur les revenus, 2003-2004: Analyse et moyens de défense. Bruxelles: Kluwer, 2003.
Find full textAmyot, Patrick G. La divulgation préalable au procès des éléments de preuve et des moyens de défense de l'accusé en droit pénal canadien. Cowansville, Québec: Éditions Y. Blais, 2000.
Find full textLa discrimination dans l'emploi: Les moyens de défense selon la Charte québécoise et la Loi canadienne sur les droits de la personne. Cowansville, Qué: Éditions Y. Blais, 1993.
Find full textSiwanowicz, Igor. Animaux mystérieux: Des bêtes vraiment curieuses sous tous les angles. [Paris]: Geo jeunesse, 2009.
Find full textPurser, Bruce. Jungle bugs: Masters of camouflage and mimicry. Toronto: Firefly Books, 2003.
Find full textEisner, Thomas. Secret weapons: Defenses of insects, spiders, scorpions, and other many-legged creatures. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005.
Find full text1926-, Eisner Maria, and Siegler Melody 1948-, eds. Secret weapons: Defenses of insects, spiders, scorpions, and other many-legged creatures. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005.
Find full textAlain, Morand, Delisle Danièle, Payette Josée, and Barreau du Québec. École du Barreau., eds. Droit pénal: Infractions et moyens de défense et sentence. Cowansville, Qué: Éditions Y. Blais, 1996.
Find full textBersez, Jacques. Se protéger contre le mauvais oeil : Moyens de défense et protections, praiques magiques, formules actives. Trajectoire, 2000.
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