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Academic literature on the topic 'Tomates – Plants – Métabolisme'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tomates – Plants – Métabolisme"
Dubuc, Jean-François. "Impact des conditions de culture in vitro et du saccharose exogène sur la régulation de l'expression génique et l'accumulation des protéines chez les plantules de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27278/27278.pdf.
Full textFaugeron, Céline. "Mise en évidence et transport de N-glycannes non conjugués dans le plant de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill. )." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0012.
Full textDemers, Dominique-André. "Physiologie, photosynthèse et métabolisme carboné de plants de tomate, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., et de poivron, Capsicum annuum L., cultivés sous de longues photopériodes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ36259.pdf.
Full textBrunet, Philippe. "Etude physiologique comparée de l'adaptation au froid chez de jeunes plants de Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Et Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. & Bonpl." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20257.
Full textLarrigaudière, Christian. "Effets du traitement ionisant sur le métabolisme de l'acide 1 - aminocyclopropane - 1 - carboxylique chez des fruits climactériques : analyse de la réponse de stress et implications dans la maturation." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT019A.
Full textSimon, Clara. "UGT73B3 et UGT73B5, deux glycosyltransférases du métabolisme secondaire : rôle dans la résistance d'Arabidopsis thaliana à la bactérie Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112353.
Full textSecondary metabolites (SMs) play important roles in plant defense against pathogens. Conjugation to sugar moiety is one of the most widespread modifications that contribute to a great diversity, reactivity and regulation of SMs. Glycosylation ensured by glycosyltransferases (UGTs) is involved in endogenous signal regulation, metabolic pathways and metabolite transport. Within secondary metabolism UGTs of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), UGT73B3 and UGT73B5 are necessary for plant resistance to the avirulent bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato (Pst –AvrRpm1), and their expression is highly induced under oxidative stresses. To investigate the involvement of these UGTs in cellular redox status during the hypersensitive response (HR) of Arabidopsis to Pst-AvrRpm1, we first performed metabolite profiling of PstAvrRpm1-infected and adjacent uninfected leaf tissues in wild-type Col-0 and catalase-deficient (cat2) plants overaccumulating reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show a spatial organization of SMs within distinct pathways in, and around the infection site. ROS availability influences both the amount and the pattern of infection-induced metabolites accumulation, indicating that differential distribution and accumulation of SMs is tightly linked to cellular redox status during HR. Second, in situ localization of ROS accumulation, glutathione, ascorbate quantification, and cell death measurements performed on ugt73b3, ugt73b5 and ugt73b3/ugt73b5 T-DNA insertion mutants indicate that UGT73B3 and UGT73B5 participate in regulation of redox status and cell death during the HR to Pst-AvrRpm1. Ln silico analyses highlight that the pathogen induced expression of both UGTs is strongly linked to oxidative stress. In parallel, a metabolic profiling approach was carried out to identify UGT73B3 and UGT73B5 substrates in planta. Although the nature of the substrates has not been characterized, the results indicate that ugt73b3 and ugt73b5 differ from wild-type plants in compounds linked to redox status. Altogether, our data reveal that UGT73B3 and UGT73B5 participate to cellular redox homeostasis during the HR of Arabidopsis to Pst-AvrRpm1, via the glycosylation of putative antioxidant SMs
Poucet, Théo. "The energy cost of primary metabolism and vacuole expansion : Central to shape tomato leaf development under ammonium nutrition." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0079.
Full textAmmonium (NH4+) is a nitrogen source of great interest in the context of sustainable agriculture. Its application in the field together with nitrification inhibitors has been extensively proven efficient to limit detrimental N losses compared to the use of nitrate (NO3-). NH4+ is a common intermediate involved in numerous metabolic routes. However, high NH4+ concentrations may lead to a stress situation provoking a set of symptoms collectively known as “ammonium syndrome” mainly characterized by growth retardation. Those symptoms are caused by a combination of, among others, a profound metabolic reprogramming, disruption of photosynthesis, pH deregulation and ion imbalance. Numerous studies have described the way plant copes to ammonium nutrition. However, the organ developmental stage has been generally neglected.To fill in this gap, in the first chapter we first aimed studying how the metabolism is adapted in function of the leaf position in the vertical axis of the tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) grown with NH4+, NO3- or NO3NH4 supply. To do so, we dissected leaf biomass composition and metabolism through a complete analysis of metabolites, ions and enzyme activities. The results showed that C and N metabolic adjustment in function of the nitrogen source was more intense in older leaves compared to younger ones. Importantly, we propose a trade-off between NH4+ accumulation and assimilation to preserve young leaves from ammonium stress. Besides, NH4+-fed plants exhibited a rearrangement of carbon skeletons with a higher energy cost respect to plants supplied with NO3-. We explain such reallocation by the action of the biochemical pH-stat, to compensate the differential proton production that depends on the nitrogen form provided.Ammonium nutrition may limit cell expansion, suggesting that the cellular processes involved would be altered. Among others, cell growth is largely dependent of the internal pressure exerted on the cell wall by the vacuole. However, the role of the vacuole in ammonium stress has been rarely addressed. In the second chapter, we evaluated the effect of ammonium stress on leaf development with a special focus on vacuole expansion and metabolism. To carry out this aim, we monitored the leaf development from its appearance until its complete expansion in plants grown under NH4+ or NO3- as unique nitrogen source. Cytological analysis evidenced that the reduced cell expansion under ammonium nutrition was associated with smaller vacuole size. Besides, we reported an acidification of the vacuole of NH4+-fed plants compared to nitrate nutrition. Moreover, a model was built to predict the thermodynamic equilibrium of different soluble species across the tonoplast. The model was set up through an extensive reviewing of vacuolar transporters and integrated subcellular volumes, vacuolar electrochemical gradients and the formation of ionic complex in the vacuole to fit the subcellular concentration of ions, organic acids and sugars measured in the leaf. Further, predictions obtained with the model were cross validated with data from non-aqueous fractionation. Firstly, the entrance of solutes was higher in vacuoles of NO3--fed leaves but was not associated with higher vacuolar osmolarity likely because of the adjustment of the vacuolar volume. In this sense, we proposed that the lack of malate in cells of ammonium-fed leaves was central in the limitation of vacuolar expansion. Secondly, we conclude that the energy cost of solute transport into the vacuole is higher under NH4+ nutrition because of the higher electrochemical gradient generated by the proton pumps across tonoplast.This work highlights the importance of considering leaf phenological state when studying nitrogen metabolism. In addition, our integrated approach place cytosolic pH control and vacuole expansion in the center of tomato leaf adaptation to ammonium stress and pave the way for future studies in the field of ammonium nutrition
Royer, Mathilde. "Étude des relations entre croissance, concentrations en métabolites primaires et secondaires et disponibilité en ressources chez la tomate avec ou sans bioagresseurs." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0058/document.
Full textNowadays, limiting the use of pesticides is mandatory. A promising way for research deals with the environmental determinism of plant defence mechanisms, among others, production of secondary metabolites. The aim of my PhD work was to study the trade-off between growth and defence (primary vs. secondary metabolism) in healthy plant tissues or attacked by different pests, under different conditions of resources availabilities. We measured different growth parameters, C:N ratios of tissue, concentrations of main primary metabolites (simple carbohydrates, starch) and defence metabolites (chlorogenic acid, rutin, kaempferol-rutinoside and tomatine) on healthy or attacked tomato plant grown in hydroponic culture in greenhouse or phytotron. We observed that variations of total and resources C:N ratios were positively correlated to that of several defence compounds whatever their composition in carbon and nitrogen. Moreover, we showed that, during pests attack, concentrations of primary and secondary metabolites did not follow the same evolution, depending on their nature. Caffeoyl putrescine synthesis was strongly induced by P. syringae inoculation whereas chlorogenic acid concentration decreased. Inoculation of P. syringae induced a strong decrease of concentration of glucose and fructose whereas inoculation of P. corrugata enhanced their synthesis. We observed that a low N availability alters the development of P. syringae, P. corrugata and Tuta absoluta but promotes the development of B. cinerea. Our results showed that C:N ratio is a reliable indicator of the trade-off between growth and defence in the case of healthy plant. In attacked plant, the resources allocation between different metabolites varies with pests. And each pests reacts specifically to changes of N availability for the plant. Control of culture conditions appears to be a relevant agronomic tool to monitor the control of pests even if it is difficult to apply general rules to the interaction plant/environment/pests
Cornille, Patrick. "Réponse des végétaux aux chocs oxydants : rôle de la péroxydation lipidique dans la signalisation cellulaire." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20039.
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