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Journal articles on the topic "Tomatoes Tomatoes Lettuce Lettuce"
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GUPTA, S. K., K. NALLUSWAMI, C. SNIDER, M. PERCH, M. BALASEGARAM, D. BURMEISTER, J. LOCKETT, C. SANDT, R. M. HOEKSTRA, and S. MONTGOMERY. "Outbreak ofSalmonellaBraenderup infections associated with Roma tomatoes, northeastern United States, 2004: a useful method for subtyping exposures in field investigations." Epidemiology and Infection 135, no. 7 (February 5, 2007): 1165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268807007911.
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SUMMARYSalmonellaBraenderup is an uncommon serotype in the United States. In July 2004, a multistate outbreak ofSalmonellaBraenderup diarrhoeal infections occurred, with 125 clinical isolates identified. To investigate, we conducted a case-control study, enrolling 32 cases and 63 matched controls. Cheese, lettuce and tomato eaten at restaurants all appeared to be associated with illness. To further define specific exposures, we conducted a second study and asked managers of restaurants patronized by patients and controls about cheese, lettuce and tomato varieties used in dishes their patrons reported consuming. This information was obtained for 27 cases and 29 controls. Roma tomatoes were the only exposure significantly associated with illness (odds ratio 4·3, 95% confidence interval 1·2–15·9). Roma tomatoes from two restaurants were traced back to a single tomato packing house. The methods used in this field investigation to define specific exposures may be useful for other foodborne outbreaks.
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Hertrich, Sarah M., Glenn Boyd, Joseph Sites, and Brendan A. Niemira. "Cold Plasma Inactivation of Salmonella in Prepackaged, Mixed Salads Is Influenced by Cross-Contamination Sequence." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 12 (November 1, 2017): 2132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-242.
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ABSTRACT Customer demand for convenient food products has led to an increased production of prepackaged and ready-to-eat food products. Most of these products rely mainly on surface disinfection and other traditional approaches to ensure shelf life and safety. Novel processing techniques, such as cold plasma, are currently being investigated to enhance the safety and shelf life of prepacked foods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cold plasma corona discharge on the inactivation of Salmonella on prepackaged, tomato-and-lettuce mixed salads. Two different inoculation methods were evaluated to address cross-contamination of Salmonella from cherry tomatoes to lettuce and vice versa. In separate studies, a sample of either cherry tomatoes (55 g) or romaine lettuce (10 g) was inoculated with a Salmonella cocktail (6.93 ± 0.99 log CFU/mL), placed into a commercial polyethylene terephthalate plastic container, and thoroughly mixed together with its noninoculated counterpart. Mixed salads were allowed to dry in a biosafety cabinet for 1 h. Samples were treated with 35 kV cold plasma corona discharge inside plastic containers for 3 min. Samples were stomached and serially diluted in buffered peptone water and then were plated onto aerobic plate count Petrifilm and incubated for 18 h at 37°C. When lettuce was the inoculated counterpart, log kill of Salmonella was significantly greater on tomatoes (0.75 log CFU/g) compared with lettuce (0.34 log CFU/g) (P = 0.0001). Salmonella was reduced on mixed salad only when lettuce was the inoculated counterpart (0.29 log CFU/g) (P = 0.002). Cold plasma can kill Salmonella in a prepackaged mixed salad, with efficacy dependent on the nature of contamination, direction of transfer, and the surface topography of the contaminated commodity.
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ARTHUR, LINDSAY, SANDRA JONES, MARTHA FABRI, and JOSEPH ODUMERU. "Microbial Survey of Selected Ontario-Grown Fresh Fruits and Vegetables." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 2864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.12.2864.
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Recent produce-related outbreaks have been receiving heightened media coverage, which has increased public concern toward the safety of fresh fruits and vegetables. In response, the microbial contamination of Ontario-grown fresh fruits and vegetables was evaluated by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs during the summer of 2004. Prior to this survey, information specific to the microbial contamination of Ontario-produced fruits and vegetables was limited. This nonregulatory survey had two objectives: (i) to obtain a general microbiological profile of selected fruits and vegetables produced in Ontario and (ii) to use the information and knowledge gained from this survey to direct and support future on-farm food safety research and food safety programs to manage potential risks. In all, 1,183 samples, including muskmelon (151), scallions and green onions (173), leaf lettuce (263), organic leaf lettuce (112), head lettuce (155), parsley (127), cilantro (61), and fresh market tomatoes (141), were collected and analyzed. Samples were analyzed for Salmonella, Shigella, and generic E. coli. Enrichment cultures positive for E. coli were further assessed for verotoxigenicity. One sample each of Roma tomato and organic leaf lettuce were positive for Salmonella, with no samples yielding Shigella or verotoxigenic E. coli. The E. coli prevalence was highest in parsley (13.4%), followed by organic leaf lettuce (11.6%), leaf lettuce (6.5%), scallions (6.4%), cilantro (4.9%), muskmelon (1.3%), head lettuce (0%), and fresh market tomatoes (0%). These findings, in combination with foodborne illness data, will help target those commodities that require more focused risk mitigation efforts.
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KILONZO-NTHENGE, AGNES, FUR-CHI CHEN, and SANDRIA L. GODWIN. "Efficacy of Home Washing Methods in Controlling Surface Microbial Contamination on Fresh Produce." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.2.330.
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Much effort has been focused on sanitation of fresh produce at the commercial level; however, few options are available to the consumer. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of different cleaning methods in reducing bacterial contamination on fresh produce in a home setting. Lettuce, broccoli, apples, and tomatoes were inoculated with Listeria innocua and then subjected to combinations of the following cleaning procedures: (i) soak for 2 min in tap water, Veggie Wash solution, 5% vinegar solution, or 13% lemon solution and (ii) rinse under running tap water, rinse and rub under running tap water, brush under running tap water, or wipe with wet/dry paper towel. Presoaking in water before rinsing significantly reduced bacteria in apples, tomatoes, and lettuce, but not in broccoli. Wiping apples and tomatoes with wet or dry paper towel showed lower bacterial reductions compared with soaking and rinsing procedures. Blossom ends of apples were more contaminated than the surface after soaking and rinsing; similar results were observed between flower section and stem of broccoli. Reductions of L. innocua in both tomatoes and apples (2.01 to 2.89 log CFU/g) were more than in lettuce and broccoli (1.41 to 1.88 log CFU/g) when subjected to same washing procedures. Reductions of surface contamination of lettuce after soaking in lemon or vinegar solutions were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from lettuce soaking in cold tap water. Therefore, educators and extension workers might consider it appropriate to instruct consumers to rub or brush fresh produce under cold running tap water before consumption.
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Obermeier, C., J. L. Sears, H. Y. Liu, K. O. Schlueter, E. J. Ryder, J. E. Duffus, S. T. Koike, and G. C. Wisler. "Characterization of Distinct Tombusviruses that Cause Diseases of Lettuce and Tomato in the Western United States." Phytopathology® 91, no. 8 (August 2001): 797–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.8.797.
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A soilborne disease of lettuce, associated with necrosis and dieback, has been found with increasing frequency in California and Arizona over the last 10 years. An isometric virus, serologically related to Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), was consistently isolated from lettuce plants with these disease symptoms. Back-inoculation to healthy lettuce plants and subsequent reisolation of the virus from symptomatic lettuce leaves suggested that this virus was the causal agent of this disease. A tombusvirus was also associated with a necrosis disease of greenhouse-grown tomatoes in Colorado and New Mexico. Complementary DNA representing the 3′ end of viral genomic RNAs recovered from diseased lettuce and tomato plants had identical nucleotide sequences. However, these sequences were divergent (12.2 to 17.1%) from sequences of the previously described strains of TBSV, Petunia asteroid mosaic virus (PAMV), Artichoke mottled crinkle virus, and Carnation Italian ringspot virus. Additional tombusvirus isolates were recovered from diseased lettuce and tomato plants and these were most closely related to the TBSV-cherry strain (synonymous with PAMV) and to Cucumber necrosis virus based on comparison of 3′-end sequences (0.1 to 0.6% and 4.8 to 5.1% divergence, respectively). Western blot analysis revealed that the new tombusvirus isolated from diseased lettuce and tomato plants in the western United States is serologically distinct from previously described tombusvirus species and strains. Based on genomic and serological properties, we propose to classify this virus as a new tombusvirus species and name it Lettuce necrotic stunt virus.
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SY, KAYE V., MELINDA B. MURRAY, M. DAVID HARRISON, and LARRY R. BEUCHAT. "Evaluation of Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide as a Sanitizer for Killing Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Yeasts and Molds on Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.6.1176.
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Gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) was evaluated for effectiveness in killing Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut lettuce, cabbage, and carrot and Salmonella, yeasts, and molds on apples, peaches, tomatoes, and onions. Inoculum (100 μl, ca. 6.8 log CFU) containing five serotypes of Salmonella enterica, five strains of E. coli O157:H7, or five strains of L. monocytogenes was deposited on the skin and cut surfaces of fresh-cut vegetables, dried for 30 min at 22°C, held for 20 h at 4°C, and then incubated for 30 min at 22°C before treatment. The skin surfaces of apples, peaches, tomatoes, and onions were inoculated with 100 μl of a cell suspension (ca. 8.0 log CFU) containing five serotypes of Salmonella, and inoculated produce was allowed to dry for 20 to 22 h at 22°C before treatment. Treatment with ClO2 at 4.1 mg/liter significantly (α = 0.05) reduced the population of foodborne pathogens on all produce. Reductions resulting from this treatment were 3.13 to 4.42 log CFU/g for fresh-cut cabbage, 5.15 to 5.88 log CFU/g for fresh-cut carrots, 1.53 to 1.58 log CFU/g for fresh-cut lettuce, 4.21 log CFU per apple, 4.33 log CFU per tomato, 1.94 log CFU per onion, and 3.23 log CFU per peach. The highest reductions in yeast and mold populations resulting from the same treatment were 1.68 log CFU per apple and 2.65 log CFU per peach. Populations of yeasts and molds on tomatoes and onions were not significantly reduced by treatment with 4.1 mg/liter ClO2. Substantial reductions in populations of pathogens on apples, tomatoes, and onions but not peaches or fresh-cut cabbage, carrot, and lettuce were achieved by treatment with gaseous ClO2 without markedly adverse effects on sensory qualities.
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McBride, M. B. "Arsenic and Lead Uptake by Vegetable Crops Grown on Historically Contaminated Orchard Soils." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/283472.
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Transfer of Pb and As into vegetables grown on orchard soils historically contaminated by Pb arsenate pesticides was measured in the greenhouse. Lettuce, carrots, green beans, and tomatoes were grown on soils containing a range of total Pb (16.5–915 mg/kg) and As (6.9–211 mg/kg) concentrations. The vegetables were acid-digested and analyzed for total Pb and As using ICP-mass spectrometry. Vegetable contamination was dependent on soil total Pb and As concentrations, pH, and vegetable species. Arsenic concentrations were the highest in lettuce and green beans, lower in carrots, and much lower in tomato fruit. Transfer of Pb into lettuce and beans was generally lower than that of As, and Pb and As were strongly excluded from tomato fruit. Soil metal concentrations as high as 400 mg/kg Pb and 100 mg/kg As produced vegetables with concentrations of Pb and As below the limits of international health standards.
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ALBRECHT, JULIE A., FAYRENE L. HAMOUZ, SUSAN S. SUMNER, and VANESSA MELCH. "Microbial Evaluation of Vegetable Ingredients in Salad Bars†." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 683–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.6.683.
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Vegetable salad ingredients (lettuce, tomatoes, broccoli, and cauliflower) purchased from three grocery-store deli operations were analyzed for total plate count, coliforms, yeasts, and molds. The temperature of the vegetable ingredients was measured at the time of purchase and the pH was measured on all samples within one-half hour after purchase. In the second phase, fresh broccoli was processed into florets, inoculated with E. coli ATCC 23742, and subjected to three washing treatments. The temperature of the salad ingredients ranged from 5.1°C to 18.9°C. The pH ranges for the vegetables were broccoli, 5.46 to 6.39; cauliflower, 5.82 to 6.65; lettuce, 4.92 to 6.38; and tomatoes, 3.30 to 4.47. The total aerobic count for the vegetables ranged from 5.51 to 6.63 log CFU/g. Coliforms on the vegetables ranged from 4.89 to 6.30 log CFU/g. Yeasts and molds were found on all vegetables. The results of the study indicate that the temperature conditions and pH ranges for the broccoli, cauliflower, and lettuce could support microbial growth. The pH range of the tomatoes was below 4.6, but if contaminated and added to low acid foods, the tomatoes may also act as a vehicle for microbial contamination. When a chlorine wash solution was used, it slightly reduced the aerobic microbial load on previously inoculated broccoli and reduced the coliform population of the broccoli by approximately one log unit.
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Abou-Jawdah, Y., C. El Mohtar, H. Sobh, and M. K. Nakhla. "First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus on Tomatoes in Lebanon." Plant Disease 90, no. 3 (March 2006): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0376a.
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During the spring and summer of 2004, an epidemic of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae) was observed in an isolated tomato field at an elevation of 1,000 m in Lebanon. Symptoms were characteristic of TSWV (2). Seedlings came from a nursery in the coastal area of Byblos. In the spring of 2005, TSWV-like symptoms (2) appeared on tomato in the same mountainous area, as well as on tomato, pepper, and lettuce crops in the Byblos coastal area. Initial diagnosis using TSWV ImmunoStrip Tests (Agdia, IN) gave positive results on tomato and lettuce samples. When these samples were analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, a specific band (619 nt) was observed in symptomatic samples but not in healthy controls (1). Amplicons were cloned into the pGEM-T easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and three clones were sequenced in both directions (GenBank Accession No. DQ131804). Sequence analysis revealed more than 99% nucleotide identity (GenBank Accession Nos. AY744476, AJ297611, and AJ418781) and 99% amino acid identity and 100% amino acid similarity (GenBank Accession Nos. AAU95409, CAA85356, and CAD11452) to the nucleocapsid protein of several TSWV isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TSWV in Lebanon. To prevent rapid spread, farmers were informed about the disease, its vector, and appropriate preventive control measures. References: (1) S. Adkins and E. N. Rosskopf. Plant Dis. 86:1310, 2002. (2) G. Marchoux et al. Plant Pathol. 40:347, 1991.
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Poulik, Zdenek. "Influence of nickel contaminated soils on lettuce and tomatoes." Scientia Horticulturae 81, no. 3 (September 1999): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4238(99)00023-0.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Tomatoes Tomatoes Lettuce Lettuce"
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Maboko, Martin Makgose. "Growth, yield and quality of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and lettuce (Lactuva sativa L.) as affected by gel-polymer soil amendment and irrigation management." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02202007-105100.
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Hunter, Britney L. "Enhancing Out-of-Season Production of Tomatoes and Lettuce Using High Tunnels." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/811.
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The growing season for vegetable crops is limited by freezing temperatures in arid high elevation climates such as northern Utah. Logan, Utah (41.73 N, 111.83 W, 1382 m elevation) has a short, variable growing season with an average frost-free period of 135 days. Extending the growing season provides growers with an opportunity to extend revenue into a normally unproductive period and benefit from out-of-season price premiums. High tunnels have been used to effectively extend the growing season for numerous crops by providing cold temperature protection. However, limited high tunnel research has been performed in arid high elevation regions that experience extreme temperature fluctuations. The use of high tunnels was investigated in North Logan, Utah to extend the growing season for tomatoes and lettuce. In 2009 and 2010, supplemental heating under low tunnels within high tunnels was investigated to provide early season cold temperature protection for tomatoes. Sunbrite tomatoes were transplanted into four high tunnels over three planting dates. Tomatoes were subjected to supplemental heating treatments including soil warming cables alone or in conjunction with 40-watt incandescent lights for air heating. The highest early season and overall yield was achieved with the 17 Mar. planting date. Early season yield was significantly less for the latest planting date (7 Apr.) compared to the 17 Mar. and 30 Mar. planting dates. Early season yield was significantly greater for treatment plots with soil plus air heating, and soil heating alone significantly improved total yield. The use of a vertical structure within a high tunnel was investigated to improve productivity for lettuce. Parris Island Cos lettuce was consecutively transplanted from spring 2008 to spring 2010 in a high tunnel at the same site. The vertical growing system allowed for 31 plants*m-2 in south oriented gutters, and 45 plants*m-2 in east/west oriented gutters compared to 25 plants*m-2 in the ground including space for maintenance. Root zone temperatures in the gutters fluctuated widely in response to air temperatures, and super-optimal soil temperatures impeded growth. Productivity (g*m-2) in the gutters was only significantly greater than productivity in the ground soil during the spring and fall months when soil and air temperatures were not frequently below 0 °C or above 24 °C. This thesis includes both research results and extension factsheets intended for growers interested in high tunnel production of tomato and lettuce.
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Aruscavage, Daniel. "Effect of bacterial phytopathogen damage on the survival and proliferation of Escherichia coli O157 in the phyllosphere of lettuce and tomato plants." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186675048.
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Maboko, Martin Makgose. "Growth, yield and quality of tomatoes (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.)and lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) as affected by gel-polymer soil amendment and irrigation management." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30487.
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Tomato and lettuce are amongst the most important fresh vegetables used in South Africa. However, growth, yield and quality of tomato and lettuce are constrained by water shortage and poor productivity of sandy soil. In South Africa, large parts of the agricultural land are in a semi-arid region and water is becoming scarcer and more costly. Recognizing the fundamental importance of water-holding amendments like gel-polymers to enhance water use efficiency and soil physical properties, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of pure gel-polymer and fertiliser-fused gel-polymer soil amendments across five irrigation intervals on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The response of tomato growth, yield and quality to irrigation interval and gel-polymer soil amendments (pure gel-polymer and fertiliser fused gel-polymer) was conducted in a tunnel. The gel-polymer treatments were: control (sandy soil), two pure gel-polymer levels (8 and 16 g-20 L-1 sandy soil, equivalent to 400 g and 800 g-m-3) and two fertiliser fused gel-polymer levels (20 and 40 g-20 L-1 sandy soil, equivalent to 1 kg and 2 kg-m-3). Irrigation was either applied once daily or every second, third, fourth or fifth day, equivalent to 0.8, 1.25, 1.45, 1.88 and 2.29 L of water per 20 L bag of sand. Fruit mass, fruit diameter, fruit number, plant height, stem diameter, number of trusses, root fresh and dry mass, total soluble solids, fruit juice pH and titratable acidity were determined. Neither irrigation interval nor gel-polymer amendments had an influence on tomato quality (total soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity). Generally, plant yield, height, stem diameter, number of trusses, and root fresh and dry mass were increased with gel-polymer amendments compared to pure sandy soil. Regardless of irrigation interval, both fertilizer-fused gel-polymer levels appeared to be effective in improving plant growth and yield compared to pure gel-polymer, which gave good results only at the higher level of application. The study revealed that gel-polymer amendments increased productivity of tomato on a sandy soil. Similarly, the response of lettuce growth, yield and quality to gel-polymers and irrigation intervals was investigated under a tunnel conditions. The gel-polymer treatments were: control, two pure gel-polymer levels (4 and 8 g-10 L-1 sandy soil, equivalent to 400 g and 800 g-m-3) and two fertilizer-fused gel-polymer levels (10 and 20 g-20 L-1 sandy soil, equivalent to 1 kg and 2 kg-m-3). Irrigation was either applied daily or every second, third, fourth or fifth day, equivalent to 0.63, 0.83, 1.04, 1.25 and 1.46 L per 10 L plastic bags. Measurements were made of fresh head mass, head height, head circumference, head diameter, stem diameter, fresh root mass, dry root mass and dry head mass. The dried head samples were analysed for percentage tissue calcium and nitrogen. Lettuce grown on sandy soil amended with higher level of pure gel-polymer (Stock 8) and both fertiliser fused gel-polymer levels (Aqua 10 and 20) resulted in significantly higher fresh and dry head mass, head circumference, head diameter, head height, stem diameter, and fresh and dry root mass as compared to low level of pure gel-polymer (Stock 4) and sandy soil without gel-polymer (control). All irrigation intervals did not have an effect on growth, yield and quality of lettuce except at irrigation interval of every third day, which significantly lowered head circumference. Gel-polymer did not have a significant effect on percentage calcium and nitrogen concentration in the leaf tissue. Growing lettuce in soil amended with higher pure gel-polymer (Stock 8) level and both fertiliser-fused gel-polymer (Aqua 20 and Aqua 40) would likely be economically advantageous for a grower due to improved growth and higher yield of good quality lettuce.Dissertation (MSc (Horticulture))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted
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Lopez, Giron Keyla Patricia. "Validation of washing treatments to reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Escherichia coli surrogates, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes populations on the surface of green leaf lettuce, tomatoes, and cantaloupes." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20527.
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Doctor of PhilosophyFood Science - Animal Sciences & Industry
Kelly J. K. Getty
Produce such as tomatoes, lettuce, and cantaloupes have been associated repeatedly with food outbreaks connected to various Salmonella serovars, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The aim of this research was to validate washing solutions and techniques in reducing pathogens on produce surfaces. Lettuce (25 ± 0.3g) and tomatoes were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp., respectively. Samples were treated with tap water (TW) or a chemical wash treatment (CWT; containing citric acid) for 30, 60, or 120 s. Reduction of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. populations on the surface of leaf lettuce and tomatoes, respectively, were greater (P<0.05) for CWT (ca. 3.0 logs) than for TW (ca. 2.3- 2.5 logs). Cantaloupes were washed with TW, 9% vinegar solution, or a commercial antimicrobial for fruit and vegetables treatment (CAFVT; containing lactic acid) for 2 min using a washing system. Cantaloupes were cut into wedges or cubes and stored at 4ºC for aerobic plate counts (APC) on days 0, 1, 3, and 6. APC populations of cubed and wedged cantaloupes were different over time (P=0.00052); cantaloupes washed with 9% vinegar solution showed the lowest APC populations after day 1 and 3 of storage. Salmonella spp. or L. monocytogenes inoculated cantaloupes were washed with CPW for 30, 60 or 120 s. Washing cantaloupes for 120 s with CPW showed greater (P<0.05) reductions of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes populations (1.26 and 1.12 log₁₀ CFU/cm²) than TW (ca. 0.63 log₁₀ CFU/cm²) on cantaloupe surface. Lettuce leaves were inoculated with rifampicin-resistant E. coli surrogates and then washed with CAFVT, 5% vinegar solution or TW for 2 min with agitation (washing system) or without. Log reductions of CAFVT (2.25 log₁₀ CFU/g) were greater (P=0.0145) than those by tap water (1.34 log₁₀ CFU/g), but similar to 5% vinegar solution (2.09 log₁₀ CFU/g). Washing lettuce with continuous agitation achieved higher (P=0.0072) E. coli reductions (2.26 log₁₀ CFU/g) than without agitation (1.53 log₁₀ CFU/g). Overall, incorporation of wash solutions or agitation (washing system) in the washing process compared to TW alone reduced greater (P<0.05) APC, pathogens, or surrogates populations from lettuce, tomato, and cantaloupe surfaces.
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Pearson, Simon. "Modelling the effects of temperature on the growth and development of horticultural crops." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241629.
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SANTOS, Francisco Gauberto Barros dos. "Substratos para produção de mudas utilizando resíduos agroindustriais." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5034.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This study aimed to evaluate the agroindustrial wastes available in the Cariri region State of Ceara, Brazil, such rice hulls, as sugarcane bagasse and banana stems, as options in the composition of substrates for seeding production of chrysanthemum, lettuce and tomato, as well as to evaluate the economic impact in the production costs of these seedlings. Physical and chemical analysis were performed to characterize the substrates, comparing them with substrates considered ideal in the international literature. The treatments consisted of eight substrate formulations: the commercial substrate Plantmax® Hortaliças (Pmax), carbonized rice hulls (CAC), organic compost (cattle manure, sugarcane bagass and banana stems) CBC and the volumetric mixtures: Pmax + CAC 1:1, Pmax + CBC 1:1, CBC + CAC 1:1, Pmax + CAC 1:2 and CBC + CAC 1:2. All treatments were evaluated through bioassays under greenhouse conditions, in order to produce seedlings of tomatoes with fertigation, lettuce seedlings with and without fertigation and rooting of chrysanthemum cuttings. The influence of the substrates on the seedling production was determined by vegetative biometric parameters of the top and root parts. For the rooting of chrysanthemums at 15 days, the substrates studied can be recommended. They can be used insvad of carbonized rice hulls in case of seasonal shortage. The CBC and CAC when used in combination between them or with the commercial substrate Pmax®, were efficient options for the production of lettuce and tomato seedlings in trays by improving the physical and chemical characteristics of the later. The CBC when used by itself had negative effect on seedling emergence for tomato and lettuce. The results obtained showed that it is technically and economically possible to substitute in part or completely the commercial substrate Pmax® for alternative substrates in the Cariri Region, with considerable reduction in costs of this input in the seedling production without quality reduction.
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar resíduos agroindustriais disponíveis na região do Cariri Cearense (casca de arroz, bagaço de cana e engaço de bananeira), como opções na composição de substratos para produção de mudas de crisântemo, alface e tomate, bem como avaliar o impacto econômico no custo de produção de mudas dessas espécies. Foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas para caracterizar os substratos, comparando-os com substratos considerados ideais pela literatura internacional. Os tratamentos consistiram de oito formulações de substratos: substrato comercial Plantmax® Hortaliças (Pmax), casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC), composto orgânico (esterco bovino, bagaço de cana e engaço de bananeira) CBC e as misturas volumétricas: Pmax + CAC 1:1; Pmax + CBC 1:1; CBC + CAC 1:1; Pmax + CAC 1:2 e CBC + CAC 1:2. Todos os tratamentos foram avaliados em casa de vegetação, em bioensaios, visando a produção de mudas de tomate com fertirrigação, mudas de alface com e sem fertirrigação e enraizamento de estacas de crisântemo. O efeito dos substratos na produção das mudas foi avaliado estatisticamente por meio das variáveis fitométricas da parte aérea e raízes. Para enraizamento de estacas de crisântemo aos 15 dias, os oito substratos estudados podem ser recomendados, facilitando assim a substituição da CAC em épocas de escassez. O CBC e CAC quando usados em combinação entre si ou com o substrato comercial Plantmax®, apresentaram-se como alternativas eficientes para produção de mudas de alface e tomate em bandejas, pela melhoria das características físicas e químicas. O CBC usado isoladamente afetou negativamente a emergência de plântulas de alface e tomate. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram viabilidade técnica e econômica quanto a substituição parcial ou total do substrato comercial Plantmax®, por substratos alternativos na região do Cariri, implicando em redução considerável do custo deste insumo no seguimento de produção de mudas sem prejuízo de qualidade.
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Abro, Manzoor Ali. "Nitrogen fertilization of the host plant influences susceptibility, production and aggressiveness of Botrytis cinerea secondary inoculum and on the efficacy of biological control." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985012.
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Nitrogen (N) fertilization is known to influence the susceptibility of many plants to a variety of diseases. In the case of diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea, the role of N fertilization appears to be variable, with high levels either fostering or reducing severity depending on the studies. To test whether this variability could be due to possible differences in the host plants, inoculum pressure or in the behavior of different strains of the pathogen, studies were carried out to investigate the effect of different N fertilization regimes on the susceptibility of tomato and lettuce to six isolates of B. cinerea. Possible epidemiological effects of N fertilization through the sporulation of the pathogen and on the pathogenicity of resulting secondary inoculum were also investigated on tomato. Plants were grown in a soil-less drip-irrigation system. Differential N nutrition ranging from 0.5 to 30 mM NO3- was applied for the last four weeks prior to inoculation on the leaves (lettuce) or on leaf pruning wounds (tomato) and incubation of the plants in conditions conducive to disease development. On the tomato stems, disease onset was delayed and overall severity was lower for all isolates on plants with higher N inputs, regardless of inoculum concentration. However, the rate of stem lesion expansion was differentially affected depending on the strains, decreasing with increasing N fertilization levels for the more aggressive isolates, while increasing for the less aggressive isolates.In contrast with tomato, high N fertilization increased disease severity on lettuce for all isolates tested. On tomato plant tissue, sporulation of B. cinerea decreased significantly with increasing N fertilization up to 15-30 mM NO3- and the pathogenicity of the spores was significantly influenced by the nutritional status of their production substrate. It was highest for spores produced on plants with very low or very high N fertilization (0.5 or 30 mM NO3-) and lowest for those from plants with moderate levels of N fertilization. Plant fertilization also strongly affected the efficacy of two biocontrol agents (Trichoderma atroviride and Microdochium dimerum) to protect pruning wounds of tomato against B. cinerea. The highest levels of protection were obtained with high N fertilization and related to a delay in symptom development on the stems, sometimes associated with a slowdown in lesion expansion. Histological studies showed that the decrease in disease severity at high N fertilization was associated to structural alteration of Botrytis mycelial cells. In the presence of a biocontrol agent, the effect on the pathogen was further associated to vacuolisation, glycogen deposition and mycelial cell death. Hypotheses to explain these results are discussed in light of the possible physiological effects of nitrogen fertilization on nutrient availability for the pathogen in the host tissue and of possible production of defense metabolites by the plant. These results also open new possibilities for including the manipulation of N fertilization as a tool for the integrated protection of vegetable crops
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MacLeod, Michael M. "Control of Fusarium crown and root rot on tomato seedlings using synthetic iron chelators and phenolic compounds found in lettuce roots." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21095.pdf.
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Aruscavage, Daniel. "Effect of bacterial phytopathogen damage on the survival and proliferation of Escherichia coli 0157 in the phyllosphere of lettuce and tomato plants." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1186675048.
Full textBooks on the topic "Tomatoes Tomatoes Lettuce Lettuce"
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More perishable than lettuce or tomatoes: Labour law reform and Toronto's newspapers. Halifax: Fernwood Pub., 1995.
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Jordan, Michele A. The BLT Cookbook: Our Favorite Sandwich. William Morrow Cookbooks, 2003.
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(Editor), Diane James, Lydia Monks (Illustrator), and Daniel Pangbourne (Illustrator), eds. Tomato, Lettuce and Wriggly Worms! (My Turn). Two-Can Publishers, 2000.
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James, Diane. Tomato, Lettuce and Wriggly Worms! (My Turn). Two-Can Publishing Ltd, 2000.
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James, Diane. My Turn: Tomato, Lettuce and Wriggly Worms! (My Turn). Two-Can Publishing Ltd, 1999.
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Disease of Vegetables: Cucurbits, Garlic, Lettuce, Onion, Tomato (Digital Images Collection). Amer Phytopathological Society, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tomatoes Tomatoes Lettuce Lettuce"
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Morgan, Lynette. "Hydroponic production of selected crops." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 196–228. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0196.
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Abstract While there is a wide range of potentially profitable crops which can be grown in hydroponics under protected cultivation, greenhouse production is dominated by fruiting crops such as tomatoes, cucumber, capsicum and strawberries, and vegetative species such as lettuce, salad and leafy greens, herbs and specialty crops like microgreens. This chapter summarizes information on a selected range of common hydroponic crops to give basic procedures for each and an outline of the systems of production. These crops include tomato, capsicum or sweet bell pepper, cucumber, lettuce and other salad greens, strawberry and rose. Information is given on their hydroponic production systems and environment, propagation, plant density, pruning, pollination, fruit growth, crop nutrition, pests, diseases, disorders, harvesting and postharvest handling.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Hydroponic production of selected crops." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 196–228. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0011a.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract While there is a wide range of potentially profitable crops which can be grown in hydroponics under protected cultivation, greenhouse production is dominated by fruiting crops such as tomatoes, cucumber, capsicum and strawberries, and vegetative species such as lettuce, salad and leafy greens, herbs and specialty crops like microgreens. This chapter summarizes information on a selected range of common hydroponic crops to give basic procedures for each and an outline of the systems of production. These crops include tomato, capsicum or sweet bell pepper, cucumber, lettuce and other salad greens, strawberry and rose. Information is given on their hydroponic production systems and environment, propagation, plant density, pruning, pollination, fruit growth, crop nutrition, pests, diseases, disorders, harvesting and postharvest handling.
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Fugetsu and Parvin. "Graphene phytotoxicity in the seedling stage of cabbage, tomato, red spinach, and lettuce." In Carbon Nanotubes - From Research to Applications. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/18393.
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Bahadur, Amar. "Nematodes Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables Crops in India." In Nematodes - Recent Advances, Management and New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98850.
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Nematodes are the most plentiful animals on earth, commonly found in soil or water, including oceans. Some species of nematodes are parasites of plants and animals. Plant-parasitic nematodes are non-segmented microscopic, eel-like round worms, obligate parasite possess stylets that live in soil causing damage to plants by feeding on roots or plant tissues. Plant-parasitic nematodes feed on roots, either within the root, some nematodes feed leaves. These nematodes cause breakdown of resistance to fungal diseases in fruit crops. Plant-parasitic nematodes living host tissue to feed on to grow and reproduce. Nematode life cycle consists of an egg, 4 pre-adult stages (juveniles) and an adult, life cycle depending on the species and the temperature. Nematodes do not move long distances (less than 6 inches per year). They are usually transported over long distances on machinery, in nursery stock, transplants, seeds, or by animals, moves soil, water and wind. They acquire nutrients from plant tissues by needle-like feeding structure (stylet/spear). Nematodes can be classified into three groups depending on feed on the plants such as ectoparasitic nematodes are always remaining outside the plant root tissues. Migratory endoparasitic nematodes move through root tissues sedentary endoparasitic nematodes penetrate young roots at or near the growing tip. They steal nutrients, disrupt water and mineral transport, and provide excellent sites for secondary pathogens (fungus and bactria) to invade the roots and decay. Several nematode species that cause problems in fruit orchards that are major limiting factors in fruit crop production cause extensive root necrosis resulting in serious economic losses. The root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) and citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipentrans) are the major nematode pests that infect fruit crops. Parasitic nematodes that can damage tree fruit roots. Many kinds of nematodes have been reported in and around the roots of various fruit crops, only few are cause serious damage, including Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), Lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus species), Ring nematodes (Mesocriconema spp) are cigar-shaped that are strictly ectoparasitic, Dagger nematodes (Xiphinema spp) are relatively large ectoparasites that feed near root tips, Sting nematodes (Belonolaimus species) are ectoparasitic, Citrus nematodes (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) are sedentary semi-endoparasites. Nematodes reduce yield without the production of any noticeable above ground symptoms. Typical above ground symptoms of nematode infections stunting, yellowing and wilting. Major nematodes associated in large number of vegetables crops in India such as root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.), lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus sp.), reniform nematodes (Rotylenchulus sp.) lance nematodes (Hoplolaimus spp.), stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus spp.) etc. Root-knot nematodes are important pests of vegetables belonging to solanaceous (brinjal, tomato, chili), cucurbitaceous (biter ground, cucumber, pumpkin, bottle gourd) leguminous (cowpea, bean, pea), cruciferous cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, brussels, sprout), okra and several other root and bulb crops (onion, garlic, lettuce, celery, carrot, radish). Four species (M. incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria and M. hapla) are more than 95% of the root-knot nematode population worldwide distribution. Stem and Bulb nematode (Ditylenchus spp.) commonly attacks onion, garlic, potato, pea and carrot etc. The nematodes spread from one area to another mainly through infested planting materials, water drains from infested areas into irrigation system, soil that adheres to implements, tyres of motor vehicles and shoes of plantation workers. Management recommendation through bio-pesticides, cultural practices, enrichment of FYM, Neem cake and other organic amendments.