Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tomographie optique'
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Lanquart, J. P. "Tomographie optique des plasmas." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213626.
Full textDefontaine-Caritu, Marielle. "Reconstruction optique de tomographies : application à la tomographie ultrasonore en réflexion." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD814.
Full textApelian, Clément. "Imagerie Optique Multimodale des tissus par Tomographie Optique Cohérente Plein Champ." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET009/document.
Full textFull filed optical coherence tomography is a microscopy imaging technique allowing to image a specific slice in a scattering medium, in depth. This technique has been used for the diagnosis of biopsy in cancerology. This technique could be an efficient and fast way to diagnose excised tissues during surgery. This would avoid numerous reoperations procedures. These reoperations are necessary when a pathologist suspects cancerous tissue to still be present in the patient, based on histological slide examination.FFOCT has shown promising results for that purpose. Nevertheless, this technique only gives a morphological contrast of tissues, which is not enough for applying some diagnostic criteria such as cell morphology or cell density.We developed a new imaging modality based on FFOCT allowing to reveal metabolic contrast in tissues at the subcellular scale. This contrast reveals cells previously indistinguishable with FFOCT. We also used this quantitative metric to propose tools to facilitate diagnosis, using machine learning approaches
Zouaoui, Judy. "Tomographie optique diffuse multispectrale résolue en temps." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY071/document.
Full textIn medical imaging, the ability to accurately retrieve and quantify the composition of turbid media is challenging and would enable to diagnose some diseases or to better study physiological processes. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an attractive medical imaging technique which permits to probe in depth using near-infrared light and to reconstruct in three dimensions the composition of biological tissues non-invasively, non-ionizing and with potentially high specificity. To obtain endogenous chromophore (oxy- and desoxy-hemoglobin) features in the depth of a highly scattering medium, a multiwavelength time domain optical setup combined to a three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm was developed. Experimental measurements were conducted in reflectance geometry by illuminating a perturbed medium (with a heterogeneity) with a picosecond laser and by collecting, for several wavelengths and multi-positions, the backscattered light via two fibers connected to two dedicated detectors and coupled to a time-correlated single photon counting system. The data processing of these time-resolved measurements and those of a known reference medium was performed by supposing that the propagation of light is governed by the diffusion approximation and using a method based on Mellin-Laplace transform. Numerical and phantom experiments on series of objects similar to biological media demonstrate that this technique has the potential to give quantitative medical images. We have highlighted a correct quantification for the less absorbing objects at 10 mm depth while underestimation results at deeper depths and higher absorptions. Furthermore, the multimodal imaging brings improvements in quantification in depth and thus it can be a good opportunity to DOT for its future clinical applications
Rilling, Madison. "Conception de systèmes tomographiques à imageurs multiples pour la dosimétrie à scintillation volumétrique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66817.
Full textThis thesis simplifies and generalizes the developmental workflow of volumetric scintillation dosimetry systems. Due to the high complexity of radiation dose distributions delivered to patients by means of modern radiotherapy treatment techniques, it is essential to have clinical tools capable of measuring the full three-dimensional (3D) dose distributions delivered by medical linear accelerators. Imaging-based volumetric scintillation dosimetry offers promising solutions with potential for both high spatial and temporal resolution. To ease the development of experimental prototypes, this thesis puts forth a generalized design workflow based on the real ray tracing capabilities of optical design software. The proposed method allows for a complete and precise optical modeling of tomographic systems composed of multiple cameras, either standard or plenoptic, used to image the fluorescent light emission induced by radiation in translucent scintillator volumes. This thesis provides the reader with both the contextual and theoretical background in medical physics and optical engineering to understand fully and to appreciate the work carried out in the context of external beam radiation therapy. The main contributions of the thesis are three-fold. First, a simulative study serves to validate the generalized workflow for optical and tomographic modeling of multiple imager-based scintillation dosimetry systems using optical design software. Subsequently, a feasibility study demonstrates the simulation-to-experimental implementation of a tomographic-based prototype using multiple plenoptic camera images of a plastic scintillator volume for volumetric dose measurements. Finally, a comparative analysis between the use of sandard versus plenoptic cameras in the context of emission computed tomography is carried out, leading to the discussion of potential future work needed to better define and quantify the tomographic contribution of each respective type of imaging system. Concretely, the generalized design workflow based on the innovative use of optical design software elaborated within the pages of this thesis both simplifies and decouples the phases of prototype development, offering increased flexibility in designing future clinical tools for 3D dosimetry. This work thus paves the way for developing next-generation measurement systems in volumetric scintillation dosimetry and other tomography-based imaging applications.
Lafaille, David. "Tomographie Optique Cohérente et Optique Adaptative. Étude d'un prototype d'application à l'ophtalmologie." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010421.
Full textBarolle, Victor. "Approche matricielle de la tomographie à cohérence optique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET012.
Full textInterferometric techniques of microscopy display sensitivity to aberrations affecting both resolution and depth of imaging. Formerly introduced in astronomy, different methods of adaptive optics have been applied to microscopy in order to compensate for these effects. Most of them rely on the measurement of the wave front and on a close-loop correction of the aberrations using wave-front control devices. These methods are nevertheless limited by the rates of measurement and correction and can only compensate for low-order aberrations.The purpose of this thesis is to present an innovative matrix approach relying on the analysis of a new operator, the distorsion matrix, allowing to locally quantify the scattering and aberration parameters, and to compensate for the aberrations over the whole field of view. Besides, we introduce a mathematical formalism in order to describe the effects of aberrations in full-field OCT and we extend the scope of the matrix approach to very large fields of view thanks to an experimental setup of reflection matrix measurement inspired by this technique of imaging
Mazlin, Viacheslav. "Tomographie optique cohérente pour l’imagerie in vivo de la cornée." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET024.
Full textThis PhD project aimed to create an optical system for non-contact cellular resolution imaging of the human cornea in vivo. To achieve that, the contact ex vivo time-domain full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) system was transformed into a non-contact in vivo imaging device and was for the first time applied to the human eye. FFOCT acquired images from the entire human cornea, limbus, sclera and tear film, revealing cells and nerves, which could be quantified over a millimetric field-of-view, beyond the capability of confocal microscopy and conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT). Blood flow and tear film dynamics could be directly followed and quantified. Furthermore, FFOCT was combined with a conventional OCT to perform real-time axial eye tracking and defocusing correction. The latter enabled real-time FFOCT imaging and display, which opens a path for future device implementation in clinical research and practice. Bench to bedside transfer of FFOCT is further stimulated by several solutions proposed in the manuscript, aiming to reduce the instrumentational complexity. Finally, a related FFOCT device was applied to imaging in vivo human retina, revealing the photoreceptors
Tong, Xiao. "Recalage d'image de la tomographie optique diffuse de fluorescence (fDOT) et la tomographie par émission de positons (TEP) et le développement de tomographie optique en multi-angle." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795178.
Full textBen, Houcine Karim. "Tomographie optique par interférométrie à faible longueur de cohérence : applications à l'imagerie optique en milieu diffusant." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET4006.
Full textOptical imaging techniques through scattering medium are highly interesting in several areas more particularly in biology and medicine. The imaging system presented here is based on temporal selection by means of a low temporal coherence light source. The study has lead us to consider interferometric systems of low coherence length (or of wide spectral bandwidth) such as temporal optical correlations methods which allow to obtain, from a short time reference, the temporal response of probe objects. A significant point of this work comes from the spectral bandwidth sampling of the low coherent source by tuning the optical frequency of the laser. In spite of the storage time increase, this technique allows to filter and to access to more information on the correlation signal (phase measurement as well as amplitude) by observing signal evolution versus optical frequency. Experimental results with known objects permit to observe main phenomena in this kind of system and also make it possible to image the whole field
Dollé, Guillaume. "Tomographie optique diffuse et de fluorescence pour la détection de tumeurs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAD029/document.
Full textThe Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Tomography and Fluorescence (TR-DOTF) is a method to obtain optical properties information on diffusion and asbsorption of biological tissues. This Phd manuscript details this method state of the art and highlight the different possible path to reconstruct multidimensionnal 2D/3D images for the optical maps of the turbid medium. The project ultimate goal is to build a measurement instrument (tomograph), eventually portative, in order to detect tumours presence. The challenge is to obtain images with sufficient resolution to be used in medical environment for preclinical diagnosis. However the inverse problem ill-posedness makes the situation more difficult. The first part of this document is devoted to the problem modelization. In particular, we are interested to the diffusion approximation for the radiative transfer equation in a turbid medium. In a second part, we treat this problem from a mathematical point of view considering the diffusion problem coupled with fluorescence for two measurement types: contact and non-contact. Then we focus on the inverse prob- lem as a minimization problem for cost objective function solved by an adjoint method. Last, but not least, the third part of this document details the different numerical aspects involved to achieve an efficient reconstruction code using advanced technics from the high performance computing world
Grieve, Katharine. "Tomographie par cohérence optique plein champ pour l' ophtalmologie." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066305.
Full textHuang, Jianfeng. "Etude de l'angioplastie guidée par tomographie en cohérence optique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE007/document.
Full textOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging is promising in decision making during Percutaneus Coronary Interventions {PCI) procedures, including evaluating controversial plaque lesions, assessing stent implantation, and surveying stent-related vascular injury. Thus, OCT has potential to guide interventional cardiologists throughout the stent implantation procedure, impacting on planned interventional strategy. In addition, OCT is the most novel image technology to predict stent edge dissection for patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS, enabling risk stratification of patients who are at a higher risk of this complication. Large-scale randomized trials are now warranted to assess whether OCT results and guidance during de procedure improve long-term clinical outcomes of PCis
Lafaille, David. "Tomographie optique cohérente et optique adaptative : étude d' un prototype d' application à l' ophtalmologie." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010421.
Full textSablon, Jean-Christophe Berrod Jean-Paul. "Etude de la couche des fibres nerveuses visuelles par tomographie en cohérence optique." [S.l] : [s.n], 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2004_SABLON_JEAN_CHRISTOPHE.pdf.
Full textAddam, Mohamed. "Approximation du problème diffusion en tomographie optique et problème inverse." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579257.
Full textMontcel, Bruno. "Tomographie optique diffuse résolue en temps : Applications fonctionnelles en neurosciences." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125499.
Full textSacchet, Delphine. "Tomographie par cohérence optique plein champ linéaire et non linéaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519355.
Full textBayleyegn, Masreshaw-demelash. "Tomographie par cohérence optique pour la chirurgie laser du glaucome." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00816669.
Full textTorregrossa, Murielle. "Reconstruction d'images obtenues par tomographie optique dans le proche infrarouge." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/TORREGROSSA_Murielle_2003.pdf.
Full textThis document describes the reconstruction of images obtained with near infrared time resolved optical tomography. This technique allows to map the optical properties, absorption and reduced scattering. However, the reconstruction is a non linear and ill-posed problem. To solve the forward problem, in our case, we have to use an approximation of the Bolzmann transport equation, the diffusion equation. The Finite Element Method (FEM) allows to simulate the forward problem with sufficient accuracy to inverse the problem and preserve the non linearity of the phenomenon. Solving the inverse problem is then similar to an optimisation problem. It aims at minimising the differences between experimental and simulated data, using an algebraic reconstruction technique. To optimise the convergence, several constraints have been introduced, such as the use of MRI to initialise the mesh for the FEM, the use of an adaptative mesh, modified after each iteration as a function of the two different maps The images presented have been obtained from the first moments of the measured temporal profiles, i. E the total intensity and the meantime. The experimental objects are less than 4cm in diameter, and include heterogeneities (which are either more absorbing, or more scattering, or both than the background)
Zint, Chantal-Virginie. "Tomographie optique proche infrarouge, résolue en temps, des milieux diffusants." Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13161.
Full textThis document describes the design, realisation and characterisation of a time-resolved optical tomograph, using a femtosecond laser and a synchroscan streak camera. A study on cylindrical phantoms scattering the light has been carried out. Various mechanical scannings of these phantoms have been tested in order to de-tect the scattered light by transmission. A method making profitable the dimension of the slit to present the detection angle of the photons is also depicted. The setup performances are described in terms of temporal resolution, examination depth and acquisition time. Temporal profiles of photons detected thanks to this experimental arrangement have been used to produce both absorption phantoms' images and reduced scattering phantoms' images. Concerning the resolution of the direct problem, the algorithms used are based on the finite element method, while the resolution of the inverse problem, which is similar to an optimisation problem, re-quires an algebraic reconstruction technique. According to the methodology used, more absorbing and/or more scattering inclusions embedded in a phantom have been detected, based on the parameters mean time and integral intensity issued of the measured temporal profiles. With this tomograph, it is possible to measure mean times and integral intensities with an accuracy of ±3%, for a signals' acquisi-tion time higher than 10 minutes; this is only available if the scattering phantoms have a diameter lower than 4cm and a width of temporal point spread function lower than 3,5ns
Abbar, Malha. "Principe de tomographie et spectro-tomographie optique de cohérence par intercorrelation sans balayage basée sur un réseau de diffraction." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2033.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new method of detection, intermediate between the two existing methods in OCT, which is: OCT in time domain and OCT in frequency domain (FDOCT). The OCT technique that we present is without postprocessing and uses a grating-based correlation. The A-scan signal is directly recorded on the image sensor. Due to the grating-based system, no correlation scan is necessary. One part of this thesis is dedicated to the description of the working principle and to the architecture of the device. By introducing a transverse scanning into the system, images in two dimensions and three dimensions of the sample were realized. We describe thereafter how we extract spectroscopic information from the depth of the sample analyzed, optically, without postprocessing, using the same technique. For this, a system for wavelength demultiplexing is introduced into the OCT device which becomes an instrument for spectroscopic optical coherence tomography. In this way, for each object point analysis, a two-dimensional image is displayed in real time on a 2D camera. The horizontal direction corresponds to the depth and the vertical direction corresponds to the spectral decomposition of the correlation trace. We present the principle of the system as well as experimental results
Oumri, Farah. "Modélisation mathématique, simulation numérique et application en tomographie optique chez l'enfant prématuré." Thesis, Reims, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REIMS003.
Full textIn the ANR-15-CE23-0009 project, entitled MAIA (Multiphysics image-based Analyzes for premature brAin development understanding) which deals with different techniques of medical imaging for newborns, my thesis work focuses on the mathematical modeling of Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT). Diffuse optical tomography is a method of medical imaging based on the absorption of light by biological tissue in the near infrared scale, and in particular those of the brain. This non-invasive and non-irradiating technique can be used for bedside monitoring and is thus particularly suitable for newborns or premature babies. To this end, a helmet is placed on the children's head, equipped with optodes which serve both as light sources and detectors. After passing through the various tissues that make up the head, the amount of light arriving at the detector is measured. This measurement constitutes the observable quantity of this technique and then makes it possible to reconstruct the optical parameters of the tissues.First, we are interested in the mathematical modeling and numerical simulation in 2D and 3D of the direct problem of light propagation. For this, we use the diffusion approximation to model the phenomenon. We are then studying the possibility of detecting the presence of inclusions with different optical properties in a mono- and multi-layer medium and of finding their localization. We show by the study of the mathematical sensitivity that the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) prevents this localization, since we are at the limit of validity of the diffusion model.We then develop a new model to better take into account the CSF layer. This layer indeed contains arachnoid trabeculae which act as discrete scatterers. We apply a homogenization process in order to substitute the two-phase layer by an equivalent homogeneous medium. We show simulations for circular and spherical models as well as for a realistic neonatal mesh. Analysis of the results shows that this new model improves the sensitivity of the measurements to inclusion.Finally we define the inverse problem which allows to reconstruct the optical properties of the media from boundary data. A first series of results show that it is possible to reconstruct the values of the absorption and diffusion coefficients in an inclusion whose geometry is known. The resolution of the inverse problem for variable optical parameters strongly depends on the choice of the regularization parameters. Numerous 2D and 3D tests with a single-layer medium are given: one or more inclusions, without inverse crime, with different noise levels. The first results in a 2D multi-layer configuration show that the homogenized model improves the reconstruction
Rhassouli, Abdelhaq el. "Contribution à l'analyse optique tridimensionnelle d'écoulements à l'aide de microtraceurs." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA2009.
Full textMotreff, Pascal. "Etude in-vivo des endoprothèses coronaires en tomographie par cohérence optique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF1MM13.
Full textOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution imaging technology particularly well-adapted for the study of the most superficial layers of the coronary artery wall and for stent assessment. In this book, we document our two year experience of OCT in the departement of cardiology of University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France as well as the results of the OCT post-processing conducted by the ERIM team (Equipe de Recherche en Imagerie Médicale), of Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France. In the first chapter, the author details the principles behind OCT, the procedure itself and the indications for OCT examination. The feasibility and the limitations of OCT and image artefacts associated with this technology are also described using images from the author's registry of 301 OCT pull-backs. A second chapter is dedicated to the contribution OCT can make to the in-vivo analysis of coronary stents. Stent-optimization, follow-up assessment of the coronary after adverse events and clinical follow-up of drug-eluting stents are discussed with reference to recent publications and reported case-studies. The results of comparative analysis of differing neointimal coverage patterns between drug-eluting stents are also outlined and cross-referenced with others studies. In the third and final chapter, the author discusses recent material advances in OCT and in the post-processing of OCT images. He presents his own original computed analysis : in-vivo supervised analysis of stent coverage using optical coherence tomography. In conclusion, this work constitutes a reference-work for both the practical aspects of OCT and for critical analysis of OCT procedures. The author's experience of OCT is of benefit in correctly positioning this high-resolution technology in relation to the existing imaging methods. It confirms the considerable advantage OCT offers in the evaluation of vulnerable plaques and atheroma and in stent assessment. The contribution the work makes to the simplification of the procedure and to the standardization of image-analysis will also encourage the wider adoption of this promising technology as a complement to the other available imaging modalities
Addam, Mohamed. "Approximation du problème de diffusion en tomographie optique et problème inverse." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0278.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to develop and to study numerical methods for the solution of some Partial Differential Equations (PDE) such as the diffusion transport problem in optical tomography. The presented work can be partitioned into two parts. In the first part, we consider the direct problem and in the second part, we treat the inverse problem. For the direct problem, we assume that the optical parameters and the source functions are given. Here, the density of the luminous flow is considered as an unknown function to be approached numerically. Generally, to reconstruct the numerical signal, a mesh-technique (in the time variable) is necessary. To avoid such a discretisation, we will use a technique based on the Fourier transform and its inverse. These methods use the Gauss-Hermite quadrature as well as Galerkin method based on Bsplines, B-splines tensorial and radial basis functions (RBF). The B-splines are used in the one-dimension case while the tensorial B-splines are used when the domain is rectangular with a uniform mesh. When the domain is not rectangular any more, we use the radial basis functions. From the theoretical point of view, we will study the existence, the uniqueness and the regularity of the solution and then we propose some results on the estimation of the error in Sobolev-type spaces. In the second part of this work, we are interested in the diffusion inverse problem : a non-linear inverse problem. We suppose that the measures of the luminous flow in the edges of the domain and the source functions are given. We will give some theoretical results such as the continuity and the differentiability, in the Fréchet sense of the operator defined to measure the luminous flow detected on the edges of the domain. From the numerical point of view adds, we will be interested in the discreet case using B-splines and radial basis functions. We will use the Newton method to solve the non-linear inverse diffusion problem
Moneron, Gael. "Microscopie tridimensionnelle à très haute résolution par tomographie par cohérence optique." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066623.
Full textMenguy, Pierre-Yves. "Suivi longitudinal des endoprothèses coronaires par analyse de séquences d'images de tomographie par cohérence optique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM30/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the segmentation and characterization of coronary arteries and stents in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging. OCT is a very high resolution imaging that can appreciate fine structures such as the intimal layer of the vascular wall and stitches (struts). The objective of this thesis is to propose software tools allowing the automatic analysis of an examination with a runtime compatible with an intraoperative use. This work follows Dubuisson's thesis in OCT, which proposed a first formalism for light segmentation and strut detection for metal stents. We revisited the treatment chain for these two problems and proposed a preliminary method for detecting bioabsorbable polymer stents. Surface modeling of the stent made it possible to estimate a series of clinical indices from the diameters, surfaces and volumes measured on each section or on the entire examination. Applying the stent to the wall is also measured and visualized in 3D with an intuitive color scale. The arterial lumen is delineated using a Fast Marching short path search algorithm. Its originality is to exploit the image in the native helical form of the acquisition. For the detection of the metallic stent, the local maxima of the image followed by a shadow zone have been detected and characterized by a vector of attributes calculated in their neighborhood (relative value of the maximum, slope in gray level, symmetry ...). Peaks corresponding to struts were discriminated from the surrounding speckle by a logistic regression step with learning from a field truth constructed by an expert. A probability of belonging to the peaks to struts is constructed from the combination of attributes obtained. The originality of the method lies in the fusion of the probabilities of the close elements before applying a decision criterion also determined from the ground truth. The method was evaluated on a database of 14 complete examinations, both at the level of pixels and struts detected. We have also extensively validated a method of non-rigid registration of OCT images using bitters matched by an expert on the source and target exams. The objective of this registration is to be able to compare cut-to-cut examinations and indices calculated at the same positions at different acquisition times. The reliability of the strain model was evaluated on a corpus of forty-four pairs of OCT exams from a Leave-One-Out cross validation technique
Ducros, Nicolas. "Tomographie optique de fluorescence dans les milieux diffusants : apport de l'information temporelle." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473766.
Full textOuadour, Malha. "Principe de tomographie et spectro-tomographie optique de cohérence par intercorrelation sans balayage basée sur un réseau de diffraction." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544927.
Full textNannini, Matthieu. "Amélioration des performances d'un système à tomographie optique cohérente par l'optique intégrée." Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0054.
Full textEscolle, Clément. "Optique active spatiale pour l'observation à haute résolution." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4767/document.
Full textTo meet the challenges of Earth observation and astronomy, future space observatories will require telescopes of several meters in diameter. The various space environment constraints will induce deformations and misalignments of the telescope mirrors, thus degrading the optical quality of observations. The integration of active optics, used since the late 80s for alignment and preservation of the optical quality of the ground telescopes, becomes mandatory. Such a system consists of three elements: a measuring device, a correction set-up and a control loop which links both previous elements.The research works presented in this PhD thesis focus, on one hand, on the development of a perturbations estimator minimizing the residual wave front in the telescope field of view. The analysis of this estimator and more generally of the ultimate performance of a space active optics system enabled us to highlight the impact of high spatial frequencies on optical quality. On the other hand, the presence of such high frequencies due to the primary mirror supports print through, urged us to evaluate the possibilities of their reduction in the case of large mirrors. Using a finite element model of such a mirror, we made local modifications of the mirror structure to adapt its deformation to the correcting capabilities of active optics
Doule, Claude. "Amplification parametrique optique en regime femtoseconde et tomographie optique coherente : deux methodes d'imagerie proche infrarouge dans des milieux diffusants." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00713989.
Full textVidal, Fabrice. "Calibrations et reconstruction tomographique en optique adaptative multi-objet pour l’astronomie : application au démonstrateur CANARY." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00559962.
Full textThe thesis took place in the framework of Eagle and particularly CANARY. The goal is to propose practical solutions on the 2 main points of MOAO : open loop and tomography reconstruction. First, deformable mirrors using different technologies have been tested in open loop. Calibration methods were developped and tested in laboratory. In a second time, the thesis consisted to develop a new tomography algorithm working in open loop that allows to measure the turbulence profile directly from the data of the instrument. This algorithm has also the advantage to calibrate the system. It has been tested and validated at the SESAME bench and in simulations. This algorithm will be tested on sky on CANARY MOAO demonstrator [summary's extract]
Méteau, Jérémy. "Instrumentation optique pour la caractérisation des tissus : analyse de la complémentarité et des limites techniques de fluorescence hyperspectrale et de Tomographie Optique Cohérente en vue de leur intégration multimodale." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2041/document.
Full textThe aim of this activity is the development of a mono point imaging fiber system which uses hyperspectral multi-excitation auto fluorescence technique for biological tissues and the study of an Optical Coherence Tomography system like another modality. At first, this report presents the optical properties of biological tissues and the relevant fluorophores for cancerous tumors detection. Secondly, the fluorescence imaging system instrumentation and hyperspectral analysis are presented with in vitro results. The third part presents the "scan free" optical coherence tomography system which is able to image without optical displacement. It's characterized and have interesting functionality like depth dependant dispersion compensation. These both techniques are complementary because they get different kind of information. The information of the first one is about biochemical composition of the tissues and the information of the second one is about the stucture
Meziani, Katia. "Estimation non paramétrique en tomographie quantique homodyne." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077172.
Full textIn the setting of quantum optics, the reconstruction of the quantum state (Wigner function or infinite-dimensional density matrix) of a light beam can be seen as a statistical severely ill-posed inverse problem. First, we propose estimators of the density matrix and the Wigner function respectively, using pattern functions in the first case and kernel functions in the second. We assume that the unknown density matrix belongs to a nonparametric class which corresponds to typical states prepared in the laboratory. We translate these classes in terms of properties of the associated Wigner function. In an other part, we estimate the integrated squared Wigner function by a kernel-based second order U-statistic on a larger regularity class. This quadratic functional is a physical measure of the purity of the state. We deduce an adaptive estimator for the Wigner function that does not depend on the smoothness parameters. In the last part of the thesis, we are interested in the problem of goodness-of-fit testing. We give a testing procedure derived from a projection-type estimator on \textit{pattern} functions. We study the upper bounds of the minimax risk for all our procedures. The density matrix estimation and the testing procedure are implemented and their numerical performances are studied
Federici, Antoine. "Développement de systèmes de microscopie par cohérence optique plein champ étendus spatialement et spectralement." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS024/document.
Full textFull-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) is an optical technology based on low-coherence interference microscopy for tomographic imaging of semitransparent samples. Non-invasive three-dimensional imaging can be performed with an isotropic spatial resolution of the order of 1 µm. During the PhD thesis, several FF-OCT systems have been reported achieving extended performances or contrast enhanced images relevant for biological tissues imaging. Firstly, a three-band, 1.9-μm axial resolution FF-OCT system has been implemented to perform spectroscopic contrast enhanced imaging of biological tissues over a 530-1700 nm wavelength range. Then, a study of the FF-OCT axial response has been carried out for maximizing the axial resolution of the system. An isotropic spatial resolution of 0.5 µm (in water) has been obtained by combining 1.2-NA microscope objectives with an optimized broad spectral band adapted to biological tissues imaging, such as skin samples. A set-up with an extended field of view of 18 mm x 18 mm has been also designed and applied to amplitude signal detection as well as depth-resolved quantitative phase signal measurement. At last, we developed a technique based on the combination of full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (FF-SSOCT) with low spatial coherence illumination and a special numerical processing that allows for numerically focused mechanical motion-free three-dimensional imaging
Ramos, Emilie. "Démonstrateur optique CaLIPSO pour l’imagerie TEP clinique et préclinique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112409/document.
Full textPET detectors are usually based on scintillation crystals or semiconductor materials. The CaLIPSO project aims to build a PET detector working on the double detection of Cerenkov light and pair productions in a novel detection material called TriMethylBismuth. This would allow at the same time an enhanced time resolution (thanks to the Cerenkov signal) and a excellent spatial resolution (thanks to the ionization signal). Liquid TMBi (at room temperature), thanks to its good photo fraction (47%), allows a good detection efficiency, principally by photoelectric effect. In this context, this work aims to design and optimize an optical detector as a proof of concept for the Cerenkov detection of 511 keV gamma photons, and to measure the time resolution and detection efficiency of such a detector. The optical signal based on Cerenkov effect in TMBi has been observed on a first demonstrator, but its performances were clearly inappropriate. So we used a Monte Carlo simulation (Geant4) of the detector in order to model the relevant phenomena and to optimize de detection. It appeared that light collection efficiency in the detector was the most important parameter to optimize so as to improve time resolution and detection efficiency. Before that, we measured TMBi optical properties (refractive index, light absorption and diffusion), in order to model accurately the Cerenkov light propagation in the detector. The tool used for the time resolution measurement is a YAP: Ce scintillator coupled to a PMT. We also needed to optimize this tool in order to allow a more accurate measurement of the detector time resolution. At the end of this work, a second version of the optical demonstrator was built. We measured a detection efficiency of 32%, and a time resolution of 660 ps FWHM. The measured efficiency proved that our detector is fully efficient to detect the photoelectric conversions of the 511 keV photons (27% of the incident photons). Several technological optimizations are proposed to further improve the time resolution, in order to be able to measure the gamma photons’ time-of-flight in the future
Michaely, Roland. "Tomographie en cohérence optique dans le domaine de Fourier appliquée aux tissus humains /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=4131.
Full textMontcuquet, Anne-Sophie. "Imagerie spectrale pour l'étude de structures profondes par tomographie optique diffusive de fluorescence." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557141.
Full textBurcheri-Curatolo, Adriano. "Avancées en tomographie optique plein champ pour applications cliniques et biologie du développement." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828116.
Full textMontcuquet, Anne-Sophie. "Imagerie spectrale pour l’étude de structures profondes par tomographie optique diffusive de fluorescence." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0097.
Full textFluorescence optical imaging locates biological targets such as tumors tagged with fluorescent markers. For medical diagnostic applications where thickness of media reaches a few centimeters, unwanted autofluorescence of tissues prevents the detection of fluorescence signal of interest : its removal is a sine qua non condition to an accurate tumor localization. The aims of this thesis was to spectrally study natural fluorescence of tissues and to develop a blind source separation method to remove autofluorescence contribution from measurements. Nonnegative Matrix Factorization method was chosen, original algorithms were proposed, and tested on real data. We proved our method is highly efficient to improve the detection of markers and the localization of tumors in Fluorescence Diffuse Optical Tomography reconstructions
Cai, Yao. "Design and implementation of Adaptive Optics Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography for in-vivo retinal imaging." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS685.
Full textRetina serves as a window to the brain, and in-vivo retinal imaging is promising to give signs of neurodegenerative disease at the early stage with high-resolution cellular imaging. However, the presence of 3D eye motion and ocular aberrations degrades the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and resolution. The technique of time-domain full-field optical coherence tomography (TDFFOCT), developed by Claude Boccara’s team has demonstrated exhilarating performances for retinal imaging with 3D high resolution and low system complexity. One key advantage of TDFFOCT is that the lateral resolution is nearly twice of the standard imaging system, and it is more robust to the low-order symmetric aberrations, such as defocus and astigmatisms, which account for approximately 92% of wavefront error in ocular aberrations. However, TDFFOCT exhibits relatively low sensitivity, which can be notably compromised by ocular aberrations and axial retinal motions. In particular, my PhD focuses on the design and implementation of advanced TDFFOCT systems with enhanced detection sensitivity for in-vivo retinal imaging, especially the visualizations of inner retina features with low reflectivity. My thesis manuscript is divided into three main parts. Part 1 is an introductory part comprising three chapters. Chapter 1 is dedicated to presenting the human eye from a biological and medical perspective. This highlights the imaging requirements for achieving high-resolution in-vivo retinal imaging. Chapter 2 presents the zoology of clinical and research imaging systems to image retina in vivo, where adaptive optics (AO) have been widely applied. This chapter also highlights the limitations in current AO imaging systems, mainly due to a limited field of view (FOV) and complex system design, hindering its applications in clinics. Finally, Chapter 3 starts with the OCT technique, with a focus on time-domain FFOCT. TDFFOCT outperforms other advanced retinal imaging systems, with high 3D resolution and large FOV and a compact system design, enabling clinical applications. But the low sensitivity of TDFFOCT system makes it challenging for inner retinal imaging. Part 2 is based on the characterization of the performances of the TDFFOCT system for in-vivo retinal imaging. In Chapter 4, I show my implementation of a clinical TDFFOCT which I have optimized and installed at the Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, following by in-vivo retinal imaging for patients. But it’s still challenging to image a large population or inner retinal layers mainly due to eye motion and ocular aberrations degrading the sensitivity. Following this, Chapter 5 focuses on the characterization of retinal axial motion to facilitate a better design of retinal tracking system. Regarding the impact of ocular aberrations, a novel method is proposed in Chapter 6 to investigate the performances of TDFFOCT under various ocular aberrations. Having investigated two main parameters (eye motion and ocular aberrations) that degrade the detection sensitivity in TDFFOCT, the solutions to address these two challenges are also proposed regarding the loop rate required for a precise axial retinal tracking and the gain of the SNR and resolution by aberration correction for different population. Next, I will implement these solutions into TDFFOCT system to enhance the sensitivity. Following this, Part 3 shows the design and implementation of the advanced TDFFOCT system with enhanced sensitivity. In this part, I have implemented three main new features: • Chapter 7 focuses on the design of an efficient SAO approach for in-vivo retinal imaging in clinics. • To explore the highest sensitivity in TDFFOCT, I have designed and implemented a sensor-based AO TDFFOCT in Chapter 8. • Chapter 9 demonstrates how to improve the axial retinal tracking performance to facilitate more efficient frame accumulations for image averaging to improve image signal-to-noise ratio
Bradu, Adrian. "Méthodes optiques d'exploration des tissus biologiques : spectrometrie des tissus cérébraux au moyen des sondes miniatures à fibres optiques et imagerie par tomographie optique cohérente." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007180.
Full textWe present in this thesis two optical methods of biological media investigation. First, we present an investigation invasive technique of the deep cerebral tissues. This technique using small optical probes is based on the strong light backscattering by the biological tissues. Thus, the measured light attenuation contains information on scattering properties of the medium but also on chromophores' concentrations. As a result, it seems possible to envisage a method of direct observation of some physiological parameters as the tissue oxygen saturation or hemoglobine concentration. Second, we present an imaging technique of the biological tissues, particulary used for eye imaging: the optical coherence tomography. This technique is based on the coherence properties of the light. Thus, the interfernce of the light from the two arms of a Michaelson interferometer give a signal containing informations on the reflectivity of a spatial domain of the target limited by the coherence length of the light source. Using this approach we built and characterised a fast OCT system using a resonant scanner
Orive, miguel David. "Tomographie optique multispectrale résolue en temps pour la reconstruction de changements en profondeur de l’oxy- et de la déoxyhémoglobine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT108.
Full textIn this thesis I developed new techniques for diffuse optical tomography. In the first part, I developed a novel method to compute datatypes for diffuse optical tomography. With this new method a larger set of datatypes can be computed and noise is less correlated. Results show that better resolution in depth is obtained in comparison with the state-of-the-art. Moreover, quantification of absorption is improved significantly. In the second part, I developed total variation regularization method for diffuse optical tomography in irregular meshes. After, I performed brain motor cortex activation experiments in adult subjects with the collaboration of Politecnico di Milano. Previously developed algorithms were applied to that measurements obtaining time-series hemodynamic reconstructions of motor cortex. Finally, I coordinated the largest open dataset in diffuse optics composed by the measurements done within the BitMap network
Latrive, Anne. "Tomographie de cohérence optique plein champ pour l'endoscopie : microscopie in situ et in vivo des tissus biologiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00782552.
Full textUnger, Kévin. "Tomographie de diffraction sans mesure de phase en régime de diffusion multiple." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0513.
Full textOptical diffraction tomography is an imaging technique in which a target issuccessively illuminated by a laser beam under different angles of incidence withan interferometric set up which enables to record both the phase and the intensity of the field in the image space of a microscope. The permittivity of the target is then numerically estimated from the complex field dataset thanks to an inversion procedure. In this type script, we first study the effect of multiple scattering inside the target on the obtained reconstructions by studying different approximations (Born) to speed up the computation. The recording of the phase in the optical domain is tricky, for it requires ainterferometric set up. I have built a reconstruction technique based only on the intensities. I show that the obtained reconstructions are close to those obtained with the complete dataset field + phase. Finally, we propose to adjoin phaseless diffraction tomography to fluorescence structured illumination microscopy. In this framework, we illustrate the impact of the modelization of the illumination excitating the fluorophores on the resolving power of the imaging technique. Moreover, we demonstrate an imaging method which estimates simultaneously the fluorophores and the surrounding media from the join recording of diffraction and fluorescence intensities
Boulvert, Frédéric. "Analyse de milieux fortement diffusants par polarimétrie de Mueller et méthodes optiques cohérentes : Application à l'étude du syndrome cutané d'irradiations aigüe." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2005.
Full textThis study was aimed at showing that optical methods can be used in non-invasive, biophysical investigations to assess the extent of acute cutaneous radiation syndrome further to exposure to radiations. The first part explains why we chose polarization as contrast agent within the framework of this study. The skin being a highly scattering medium, it let us to select the Mueller polarimetry, well-suited for such investigations. The second part introduces the theoretical foundations used in the analysis of the experimental results from measurement of the medium Muller matrix. But, the matrix interpretation is not immediate. We, thus, developed a depolarizing and non-depolarizing Mueller matrices decomposition and classification algorithm, which was validated with a set of samples with different polarimetric properties. The third part describes the polarimeter along with the angular ans spectral results obtained with irradiated skin samples free from visible clinical sign. The above algorothim allowed us to evidence two polarimetric contrast agents, which alone or together permitted us to differentiate an irradiated skin from a healthy one. The good correlation of our results with histological studies made by biologist scientists demonstrates that polarization can be used as contrast agent of low irradiation rates. The last part highlights the interest of complementing polarimetry with a coherent optical methodology (Speckle, optical coherence tomography) in order to localize cutaneous lesions
Boulvert, Frédéric Cariou Jack. "Analyse de milieux fortement diffusants par polarimétrie de Mueller et méthodes optiques cohérentes Application à l'étude du syndrome cutané d'irradiations aigüe /." [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/index.php?halsid=e71843ea181aaf6465186b57f989b221&view_this_doc=tel-00079822&version=1.
Full textGiovanetti-Teixeira, Cécilia. "Etude théorique de la réponse de systèmes atomiques et moléculaires à une impulsion laser intense ultra-courte." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066429.
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